Current through Register Vol. 56, No. 18, September 16, 2024
(a) A
laboratory shall handle and preserve samples in accordance with the following
requirements:
1. All sample bottles for aqueous
samples shall be precleaned before arriving on site.
2. All sample bottles used for taking grab
samples, except for prepreserved bottles, shall be rinsed with sample water at least
twice before being filled, unless the sample is to be analyzed for any of the
following:
i. Petroleum hydrocarbons;
ii. Oil and grease;
iii. Pesticides;
iv. PCB, PBB and herbicides;
v. Bacteriological;
vi. Dissolved oxygen;
vii. Volatile organics; or
viii. Metals.
3. After rinsing, the sample bottle shall be
filled with the sample using a minimum of agitation.
4. Fill the sample bottle completely if the sample
is to be analyzed for purgeable organics, oxygen demand, hydrogen sulfide, hardness,
ferrous iron, acidity, or alkalinity.
5.
For samples to be analyzed for parameters other than those listed in (a)4 above,
leave at least one inch of air space at the top of the sample bottle.
6. If a sample is to be analyzed for
bacteriological parameters, collect it directly in a presterilized sample
container.
7. If a sample is to be
analyzed for oil and grease or for petroleum hydrocarbons, the following procedure
shall be followed:
i. Collect the sample directly
into the sample bottle;
ii. Use a
one-liter glass bottle fitted with a Teflon(R)-lined screw cap or ground glass
stopper;
iii. Leave a one-inch air space
inside the sample bottle. Do not overflow the sample bottle allowing the oil and
grease phase to flow out of the bottle;
iv. Do not transfer the sample into another bottle
for analysis;
v. Use all of the sample,
rather than an aliquot portion of the sample, for analysis.
vi. Before taking the sample from a closed conduit
via a valve or faucet arrangement, allow enough water to flush through the valve or
faucet prior to filling the bottle in order to obtain a representative
sample;
vii. Representative grab samples
taken from an open channel must be obtained at one of the following locations:
(1) Where the Froude number equals or exceeds 1 at
the time of sampling and at least 90 percent of the time when a discharge exists.
The Froude number is computed according to the following formula:
Click here to view
image.
(2)
Immediately downstream of a hydraulic jump; or
(3) From a sampling point located immediately
after a V-notch weir, properly installed as a flow measuring device.
viii. Representative grab samples taken
from a closed conduit must be obtained at a point where the Reynolds number exceeds
4,000 at the time of sampling and at least 90 percent of the time when a discharge
exists. The Reynolds number is computed according to the following formula:
Click here to
view image.
| Temperature |
v |
| 32[degrees]F |
1.931 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 40[degrees]F |
1.664 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 50[degrees]F |
1.410 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 60[degrees]F |
1.217 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 70[degrees]F |
1.059 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 80[degrees]F |
0.930 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 90[degrees]F |
0.826 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 100[degrees]F |
0.739 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 110[degrees]F |
0.667 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
| 120[degrees]F |
0.609 ft<2>/sec x 10<-5> |
ix. The
discharger shall document the sampling methodology, and shall make the documentation
available to the Department.
x. Samples
to be analyzed for oil and grease or petroleum hydrocarbons may be collected
pursuant to an alternate sampling protocol approved in writing by the Department.
The Department shall not approve an alternate sampling protocol unless it determines
that the alternate protocol will result in the collection of representative
samples.
8. Samples to be
analyzed for pesticides, herbicides or PCBs, shall be collected in bottles at least
one liter in size, which have been cleaned to remove all traces of these compounds
and then rinsed with pesticide grade solvents before drying.
(b) Drinking water samples shall be handled and
preserved in accordance with the requirements of Table 9.1 and the requirements of
(b)1 through 12 below. Table 9.1 includes applicable requirements from
40 CFR
141.23,
141.24
and 143.4, and from the USEPA's
September 1992 "Labcert Bulletin," EPA-814-k-92-002. If there is any conflict
between Table 9.1 and the USEPA rule or publication (including any amendments or
supplements) on which any part of Table 9.1 is based, the USEPA rule or publication
shall control.
1. Table 9.1 requires the use of
concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) for the preservation of samples to be analyzed for
copper or lead. If HNO3 cannot be used because of shipping restrictions, the sample
shall be shipped to the laboratory immediately, at ambient temperature. Upon
receipt, the sample shall be acidified with Conc. HNO3 to pH <2 and held for at
least 16 hours before analysis.
2. The
laboratory shall analyze each sample as soon after collection as possible. The
laboratory shall not analyze a sample after the maximum holding time listed in Table
9.1 has elapsed since collection.
3.
Samples to be analyzed for asbestos, fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal
streptococci, total cyanide, cyanide amenable to chlorination, acenaphthene,
acrolein, acrylonitrile, anthracene, benzene, benzidine, benzo(a)anthracene or
benzo(a)pyrene) shall never be frozen.
4. For samples to be analyzed for chlorinated
hydrocarbons, chlorophenoxys, cyanide, purgeable organic compounds, volatile
aromatic and unsaturated organic compounds, volatile halogenated organic compounds,
ascorbic acid may be used only in the presence of residual chlorine.
5. When Table 9.1 lists the maximum holding time
as "Analyze-Immediately," the laboratory shall analyze the sample within l5 minutes
after collection.
6. Sampling location
for conformance with the PWTA shall be determined as follows:
i. If there is no water treatment system in use on
the subject property, samples shall be collected from a primary cold water,
non-aerated spigot or tap, that draws from, or feeds water to the potable water
system for the subject property.
ii.
Where a water treatment system is in use on the subject property, the water
treatment system shall be disconnected or otherwise disabled prior to the collection
of the water sample, or the sample shall be collected at a location prior to the
water treatment system.
iii. In the case
of new well construction where there is no spigot or tap on the subject property,
the sample may be collected directly at the well head, as set forth at
N.J.A.C.
7:10-12.30.
7. PWTA samples shall be collected in accordance
with the following requirements:
i. Collection,
handling, and preservation of samples to be analyzed under the PWTA shall adhere to
the sampling, identification, and transfer procedures described in the latest
edition of Standard Methods approved by the USEPA. If there is any conflict between
the collection, handling and preservation requirements in Standard Methods and the
corresponding requirements in this subchapter, the requirements in Standard Methods
shall control.
ii. Samples taken from
any tap or spigot shall be collected by maintaining a steady water flow for at least
two minutes (until the water changes temperature). Water taps used for sampling are
to be free of aerators, strainers, hose attachments, mixing type faucets, and
purification devices.
iii. Where the
purposes of testing is to determine whether the source of a contaminant is the water
source or the plumbing, a first draw sample shall be collected from an area of the
plumbing where the water has been motionless for at least six hours. These results
shall be compared to the result of the analysis of a sample collected in accordance
with (b)7ii above.
8. The
laboratory shall not report results of analysis to the Department or to any other
person unless the original or true duplicate of the results is sent to the client.
The report shall be signed by the laboratory manager or designee identified under
N.J.A.C.
7:18-2.11(a)1 iii.
9. The laboratory shall include the following
information in reporting results to the client:
i.
The information specified at
N.J.A.C.
7:18-4.6(h), 5.6(j), 6.6(f) and
8.5(e), as applicable;
ii. The name and
mailing address of the person or persons making the request for the test;
iii. The name of the employee or authorized
representative of the laboratory who collected the well sample and their
certification ID number if applicable;
iv. The location of the real property, described
by block and lot number, street address, municipality, and county;
v. The specific point of collection along with a
description of the treatment unit if applicable;
vi. The date and time the sample was analyzed by
the laboratory;
vii. The MCLs,
applicable water quality standard, or action level for each parameter as set forth
at N.J.A.C.
7:10-5.1, 5.2 and 7.2;
viii. The date that the results will be submitted
to the Department and the method by which the results will be transmitted;
ix. A statement that the testing is for the
purpose of complying with the PWTA and N.J.A.C. 7:9E;
x. Information, as provided by the Department,
regarding remediation funding alternatives available and the location at which
additional information may be obtained; and
xi. Any other information required by N.J.A.C.
7:9E for the submittal of information under the PWTA.
10. The laboratory shall include the following
information when reporting the results to the Department:
i. The information required in (b)9
above;
ii. The initial and recounted
gross alpha value determined in accordance with
N.J.A.C.
7:18-6.4(a)3; and
iii. Any other information required by N.J.A.C.
7:9E for the submittal of information under the PWTA.
11. Results shall be transmitted to the Department
within five business days after completion of the water tests as described in
N.J.A.C. 7:9E.
12. When required by
N.J.A.C. 7:9E, the laboratory shall electronically submit the information specified
in (b)10 above.
i. Where data submitted for the
PWTA is rejected by the Department because of a failure to submit all information
required above, the laboratory shall resubmit a complete set of data to the
Department and to the person(s) who requested the test, within two business days of
receipt of notification.
Table 9.1
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for Drinking Water Samples, Except Radiochemical Parameters
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here to view table.
(c) Non-potable water samples and solid/hazardous
waste program samples (aqueous non-potable water matrices) shall be handled and
preserved in accordance with the requirements of Table 9.2 and the requirements of
(c)1 through 3 below. Table 9.2 includes applicable requirements from
40 CFR
136.3 and the USEPA's Test Methods for Evaluating
Solid Waste - Physical and Chemical Methods, Third Edition 1986, as updated
(referred to below as "SW-846"). If there is any conflict between Table 9.2 and the
USEPA rule or publication (including any amendments or supplements) on which any
part of Table 9.2 is based, the USEPA rule or publication shall control.
1. The laboratory shall perform sample
preservation immediately after collecting each sample. For composite chemical
samples, each aliquot shall be preserved at the time of collection, unless the use
of an automated sampler makes it impossible to preserve each aliquot. In that case,
chemical samples may be preserved by maintaining at four degrees Celsius until
compositing and sample splitting is completed.
2. Shipping of any sample by common carrier or
through the United States Mail shall be in accordance with the United States
Department of Transportation's hazardous materials regulations at 49 CFR Part l72
(as such regulations are amended and supplemented). These regulations do not apply
to the following materials required to be used for sample preservation: Hydrochloric
acid (HCl) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.04 percent by weight or less
(pH about 1.96 or greater); Nitric acid (HNO3) in water solutions at concentrations
of 0.15 percent by weight (pH of about 1.62 or greater); Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in
water solutions at concentrations of 0.35 percent by weight (pH of about 1.15 or
greater); and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.080
percent by weight (pH of about 12.30 or less).
3. The laboratory shall analyze each sample as
soon after collection as possible. Except as provided in (c)3i or ii below, the
laboratory shall not analyze a sample after the maximum holding time listed in Table
9.2 has elapsed since collection.
i. If the
laboratory has reason to believe that a sample will not be stable for the applicable
maximum holding time, it shall analyze the sample within a shorter time during which
the sample will remain stable;
ii. If
the laboratory or the permittee has received a variance from the USEPA Regional
Administrator authorizing a holding time that is longer than the applicable maximum
in Table 9.2, and the laboratory or the permittee has data on file showing that the
type of sample in question is stable for such a longer time, the laboratory shall
analyze the sample within such longer time; or
iii. If SW-846 or the USEPA rules at
40 CFR
136.3 specifies a maximum holding time that
differs from the time specified in Table 9.2, the laboratory shall not analyze a
sample after the maximum holding time specified in SW-846 or
40 CFR
136.3, as applicable.
Table 9.2
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for Non-Potable Water Samples and Solid/Hazardous Waste Program Samples (Aqueous
Non-Potable Water Matrices), Except Radiochemical Parameters
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here to view table.
(d) Drinking water samples that are to be subject
to radiochemical measurements shall be handled and preserved in accordance with the
requirements of Table 9.3 and the requirements of (d)1 below. Table 9.3 includes
requirements from the USEPA's Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing
Drinking Water, USEPA-814B-92-002. If there is any conflict between Table 9.3 and
the USEPA publication (including any amendments or supplements) on which any part of
Table 9.3 is based, the USEPA rule or publication shall control. The laboratory
shall make radiochemical measurements using the instrumentation required under Table
9.3. In the list of required instrumentation in Table 9.3, "A" means a low
background proportional system; "B" means an alpha scintillation system; "C" means a
gamma spectrometer (NaI(Tl) or Ge (Li)); "D" means a scintillation cell (radon)
system; "E" means a liquid scintillation system; and "F" means a fluorometer.
1. Except as provided in (d)1i or ii below, the
sample shall be acidified at the time of collection, in accordance with the
requirements listed under "Preservation" in Table 9.3. A minimum of l6 hours shall
elapse between acidification and analysis.
i. If
suspended solids activity is to be measured, then a second unpreserved sample shall
be taken for this measurement; and
ii.
If the sample is shipped in its original container to a certified environmental
laboratory or storage area, acidification of the sample (in its original container)
may be delayed for a period not to exceed five days.
2. The Department recommends a maximum holding
time of six months for drinking water samples that are to be subject to
radiochemical measurements for any parameter, except radon-222, radium-224 and the
48 Hour Rapid Gross Alpha Test.
i. For radon-222
and radium-224, the Department recommends a maximum holding time of four
days.
ii. For the 48 Hour Rapid Gross
Alpha Test conducted for conformance with the PWTA, the maximum holding time to
initial counting of the plancheted sample shall be 48 hours.
Table 9.3
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Major
Instrumentation for Radiochemical Measurements in Drinking Water Samples
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here to view table.
(e) Non-potable water samples that are to be
subject to radiochemical measurements shall be handled and preserved in accordance
with the requirements of Table 9.4 and the requirements of (e)1 below. Table 9.4
incorporates requirements from
40 CFR
136.3. If there is any conflict between Table 9.4
and
40 CFR
136.3 (including any amendments or supplements),
40 CFR
136.3 shall control.
1. Except as provided in (e)1i or ii below, the
sample shall be acidified at the time of collection, in accordance with the
requirements listed under "Preservation" in Table 9.3. A minimum of l6 hours shall
elapse between acidification and analysis.
i. If
suspended solids activity is to be measured, a second unpreserved sample must be
taken for this measurement; and
ii. If
the sample is shipped in its original container to a certified environmental
laboratory or storage area, acidification of the sample (in its original container)
may be delayed for a period not to exceed five days.
Table 9.4
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for Radiochemical Measurements in Non-Potable Water Samples
| Parameter | Preservation | Container ("P"
means plastic, hard or soft; "G" means glass, hard or soft.) | Maximum
Holding Time |
| Radiochemical Tests |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| Alpha-Total |
pH < 2 |
| Alpha-Counting error |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| pH < 2 |
| Beta-Total |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| pH < 2 |
| Beta-Counting error |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| pH < 2 |
| Radium-Total |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| pH < 2 |
| Radium-226 |
HNO[3] to |
P, G |
6 months |
| pH < 2 |
| Radon-222 |
Cool |
P, G |
4 days |
| 4[degrees]C |
(recommended) |
(f) Solid/hazardous waste program samples
(non-aqueous or solid and chemical materials matrix) shall be handled and preserved
in accordance with the requirements of Table 9.5. Table 9.5 incorporates
requirements from SW-846. If there is any conflict between Table 9.5 and SW-846
(including any amendments or supplements), SW-846 shall control.
Table 9.5
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for Solid/Hazardous Waste Program Samples (Soils, Liquids, Sediments, and
Sludges)
Click
here to view table.
(g) CERCLA-CLP aqueous and non-aqueous samples
shall be handled and preserved in accordance with the requirements of Table 9.6.
Table 9.6 incorporates requirements from the USEPA's "Statement of Work for Organics
Analysis," USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, Revision OLM03.1, August 1994; and
"Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis," USEPA Contract Laboratory Program,
Document No. ILM04 (undated). If there is any conflict between Table 9.6 and one of
these USEPA publications (including any amendments or supplements), the USEPA
publication shall control. The maximum holding times specified in Table 9.6 begin at
the validated time of sample receipt (VTSR) at the laboratory. The VTSR is the time
shown on the chain-of-custody form as the time at which the laboratory received the
sample.
Table 9.6
Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for CERCLA-CLP Aqueous and Non-Aqueous
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here to view table.
(h) Air and emissions samples shall be handled and
preserved in accordance with the requirements of Table 9.7 below. Table 9.7 includes
applicable requirements from the methods for the analysis of airborne emissions,
listed in 40 CFR 51 M, 60A, 61B, and 63A; and The Compendium of Methods for the
Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air (EPA document
EPA/625/R-96/010b). If there is any conflict between Table 9.7 and the USEPA rule or
publication (including any amendments or supplements), the USEPA rule or publication
shall control.
Table 9.7
Required Container, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
for Air and Emissions Samples
| Parameter |
Preservation |
Container |
Maximum |
| Holding Time |
| All Parameters |
None |
EPA-Approved |
30 days |
| Determined by TO-15 |
Canister |
| All Parameters |
Cool 4 degrees |
Stainless steel, |
30 days |
| Determined by TO-17 |
Celsius in organic |
glass, or glass |
| solvent-free |
lined stainless |
| environment |
steel tubes packed |
| with > 200 mg solid |
| adsorbent |
