Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend the Codes of Arbitration Procedure To Adopt FINRA Rules 12808 and 13808 (Accelerated Processing) To Accelerate the Processing of Arbitration Proceedings for Parties Who Qualify Based on Their Age or Health Condition, 105128-105138 [2024-30680]

Agencies

• SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 247 (Thursday, December 26, 2024)]
[Notices]
[Pages 105128-105138]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-30680]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-101957; File No. SR-FINRA-2024-021]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory 
Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend 
the Codes of Arbitration Procedure To Adopt FINRA Rules 12808 and 13808 
(Accelerated Processing) To Accelerate the Processing of Arbitration 
Proceedings for Parties Who Qualify Based on Their Age or Health 
Condition

December 18, 2024.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that 
on December 11, 2024, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. 
(``FINRA'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' 
or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I, 
II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by FINRA. The 
Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the 
proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    FINRA is proposing to amend the Code of Arbitration Procedure for 
Customer Disputes (``Customer Code'') and the Code of Arbitration 
Procedure for Industry Disputes (``Industry Code'') (together, 
``Codes'') to add new FINRA Rules 12808 and 13808 (Accelerated 
Processing) to accelerate the processing of arbitration proceedings for 
parties who qualify based on their age or health condition.
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on FINRA's 
website at https://www.finra.org, at the principal office of FINRA and 
at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, FINRA included statements 
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and 
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The 
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in 
Item IV below. FINRA has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A, 
B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose

I. Background

    FINRA currently offers a program to expedite arbitration 
proceedings in the forum administered by FINRA Dispute Resolution 
Services (``DRS'') for parties who have a serious health condition or 
are at least 65 years old (``current program'').\3\ When an eligible 
party makes a request to expedite the proceedings under the current 
program, DRS staff will expedite the case-related tasks that they can 
control, such as completing the arbitrator selection process, 
scheduling the initial prehearing conference, and serving the final 
award.\4\ In addition, the current program ``encourage[s]'' arbitrators 
to be sensitive to the needs of parties who are seniors or seriously 
ill when making scheduling decisions and setting deadlines.\5\ 
Critically, however, the current program does not provide for 
shortened, rule-based deadlines for parties or provide arbitrators with 
direction on how quickly the arbitration should be completed.
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    \3\ See FINRA, Expedited Proceedings for Senior or Seriously Ill 
Parties, https://www.finra.org/arbitration-mediation/rules-case-resources/special-procedures/expedited-proceedings-seniors-seriously-ill.
    \4\ See supra note 3.
    \5\ See supra note 3.
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    Although the intent of the current program is to shorten case 
processing times for parties that qualify based on their age or health 
condition, cases that qualify for the current program close only 
marginally more quickly than cases that are not in the current program. 
While the median time for customer arbitrations that are not in the 
current program to close is approximately 15.7 months, the median time 
for customer arbitrations that are in the current program to close is 
approximately 13.7 months, a difference of just two months.\6\
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    \6\ See infra Item II.B.2 (discussing Economic Baseline).
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    FINRA believes that it would protect investors and the public 
interest to materially shorten case processing times for those parties 
who may be unable to meaningfully participate in a lengthy arbitration 
because of their age or health condition. As is discussed more fully 
below, when a party is unable to meaningfully participate in an 
arbitration--for example, if they become ill and are unable to 
testify--the outcome of the proceeding may be affected. This 
potentially harms not only the immediate parties to the arbitration but 
also the broader investing public because the resolution of the 
arbitration may not accurately reflect the underlying merits of the 
case.
    Accordingly, FINRA is proposing to add a new rule to the Codes that 
would help to accelerate the arbitration process for those parties who 
qualify based on their age or health condition. Unlike the current 
program, the proposed rule change would establish shortened case-
processing deadlines for the parties, including the time to respond to 
discovery deadlines, and provide direction to arbitrators regarding how 
quickly the proceeding should be completed. By codifying these 
shortened deadlines and providing additional direction to arbitrators, 
FINRA believes that the length of the proceedings subject to the 
proposed rule change would shorten by approximately six months, which 
would make a meaningful difference for older parties or those suffering 
from a serious health condition.\7\ The proposed rule change would be 
more likely than the current program, which does not provide for 
shortened, rule-based deadlines for parties or provide arbitrators with 
direction on how quickly the arbitration should be completed, to 
accelerate the proceedings for those parties who may not be able to 
meaningfully participate throughout the course of a lengthy 
arbitration. If the Commission approves the proposed rule change, the 
requirements of the new rule would apply to those who qualify and 
request accelerated processing, thereby replacing the current program. 
In addition, for those parties who may benefit from shortened 
proceedings but do not meet the eligibility requirements of the 
proposed rule change, the proposed rule change would allow the parties 
to request that the panel consider other factors, including their

[[Page 105129]]

age and health, when scheduling hearings and discovery, briefing, and 
motion deadlines. Thus, although these proceedings would not be subject 
to the shortened, rule-based deadlines of the proposed rule change, the 
panel may determine at a party's request, to expedite the proceedings 
based on the party's particular circumstances, including developing a 
serious health condition during the arbitration proceeding.
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    \7\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
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II. Proposed Rule Change

A. Requesting Accelerated Case Processing

    Under the proposed rule change, parties would be able to request 
accelerated processing if they meet one of two eligibility 
requirements, based on their age or their health condition.\8\ FINRA 
addresses each of these eligibility requirements in turn below.
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    \8\ See proposed Rules 12808(a)(1) and 13808(a)(1).
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1. Eligibility Based on Age
    The first way for a party to qualify for accelerated processing 
under the proposed rule change would be based on their age. Under 
proposed Rules 12808(a)(1)(A) and 13808(a)(1)(A), a party may request 
accelerated processing of a case when initiating an arbitration or 
filing an answer provided that the party making the request is at least 
70 years of age at the time of the request.\9\
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    \9\ See proposed Rules 12808(a)(1)(A) and 13808(a)(1)(A).
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    FINRA believes it is appropriate for parties who are 70 years of 
age and older to qualify for accelerated processing because these 
parties are more likely than younger individuals to become seriously 
ill or experience an adverse health condition during the course of an 
arbitration.\10\ Because of their age, it is also more likely that 
parties who are at least 70 years of age may not live to see the 
outcome of the arbitration proceedings.\11\ For these reasons, these 
parties may not be able to meaningfully participate throughout the 
course of a lengthy arbitration proceeding. For example, as forum users 
have noted, elderly parties may be unable to consult with their counsel 
or otherwise assist in the preparation of the case.\12\ These parties 
also may be unable to testify.\13\ This, in turn, could affect the 
outcome of the proceedings. For example, if a party is unavailable to 
testify because they are deceased or suffering from an adverse health 
condition, the arbitrators would have no opportunity to observe the 
party's demeanor and, thus, may be unable to assess their credibility. 
By shortening the length of the arbitration for individuals who are at 
least 70 years of age, the proposed rule change would make it more 
likely that these parties are able to meaningfully participate for the 
duration of the arbitration proceedings. This, in turn, would help 
ensure that the outcomes of the cases accurately reflect the underlying 
merits.
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    \10\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
    \11\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
    \12\ In Regulatory Notice 22-09 (March 2022) (``Notice''), FINRA 
sought comment on a proposed rule change to accelerate arbitration 
proceedings for those parties who may not be able to meaningfully 
participate in lengthy proceedings. See infra Item II.C. (discussing 
the Notice and summarizing the comments).
    \13\ See infra Item II.C.1 (discussing comments to the Notice 
addressing the need for the proposed rule change).
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    Further, as is discussed in more detail below, a party younger than 
70, but who has an eligible health condition, still would be able to 
request accelerated processing under proposed Rules 12808(a)(1)(B) and 
13808(a)(1)(B) provided that the party making the request certifies, in 
the manner and form required by the Director, that (i) the party has 
received a medical diagnosis and prognosis and (ii) based on that 
medical diagnosis and prognosis, the party has a reasonable belief that 
accelerated processing of the case is necessary to prevent prejudicing 
the party's interest in the arbitration.
    FINRA understands that, under the proposed rule change, some 
younger parties would not be eligible to request accelerated processing 
based on either their age or their health condition. Although some of 
these parties might benefit if their arbitrations were completed more 
quickly, as discussed in more detail below,\14\ FINRA does not believe 
that a lower age cutoff, such as an age cut off of 65 (consistent with 
the current program), would be appropriate.
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    \14\ See infra Item II.B.4 (discussing Alternatives Considered).
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    First, under proposed Rules 12808(a)(3) and 13808(a)(3), parties 
who would not qualify for accelerated processing based on either their 
age or health condition still would be able to request, once the panel 
is appointed, that the panel consider other factors, including their 
age or a change in their health condition during the arbitration 
proceeding, when scheduling hearings and discovery, briefing, and 
motion deadlines. Thus, although these proceedings would not be subject 
to the shortened, rule-based deadlines of the proposed rule change, the 
panel may determine at a party's request, to expedite the proceedings 
based on the party's particular circumstances.
    Second, due to the increase in the number of customer claimants who 
would qualify for accelerated processing,\15\ a lower age cutoff might 
make it difficult for arbitrators--many of whom might have to serve 
concurrently on more than one arbitration \16\--to comply with their 
obligations under proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(B), 12808(b)(2)(C), 
13808(b)(2)(B), and 13808(b)(2)(C) to endeavor to hold hearings and 
render an award within 10 months or less in accelerated 
proceedings.\17\
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    \15\ Lowering the proposed age cutoff from 70 to 65--the same 
age cutoff for the current program--would increase the total number 
of customer claimants who would qualify for accelerated processing 
from 20 percent to 26 percent. In 2023, with a proposed age cutoff 
of 65, customer claimants in 492 arbitrations (26 percent of 1,891 
arbitrations where customers appeared as claimant) would qualify for 
accelerated processing. See infra Item II.B.4 (discussing 
Alternatives Considered). Although the proposed rule change would 
permit any party who is a natural person to request accelerated 
processing, FINRA anticipates, based on its experience with the 
current program, that most requests would come from customer 
claimants. See infra note 45 and accompanying text.
    \16\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
    \17\ Although shortening the length of the proceedings for 
parties who qualify for accelerated processing is an important goal, 
FINRA understands that speed cannot come at the cost of procedural 
fairness. However, FINRA believes that 10 months should provide a 
reasonable and fair opportunity for discovery, motions, briefing, 
and hearings to be completed.
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    Third, a lower age cut off may have a negative impact on non-
accelerated customer arbitrations. Arbitrators and industry parties and 
their counsel are often involved in more than one arbitration at the 
same time and may seek to extend the case processing times of their 
concurrent, non-accelerated arbitrations in order to meet the shortened 
deadlines that would apply to their accelerated arbitrations.\18\
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    \18\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
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    Based on these considerations, FINRA believes that an age cutoff of 
70 would help ensure that the proposed rule change is effective at 
helping those parties who would benefit most from accelerated 
processing. That said, if the Commission approves the proposed rule 
change, FINRA would monitor the program to determine if adjustments to 
the age cutoff for qualifying for accelerated processing are warranted.
2. Eligibility Based on Health
    In addition to allowing parties to qualify for accelerated 
processing based on their age, the proposed rule change separately 
would allow parties to qualify based on their health condition.

[[Page 105130]]

Specifically, under proposed Rules 12808(a)(1)(B) and 13808(a)(1)(B), a 
party may request accelerated processing of a case when initiating an 
arbitration or filing an answer provided that the party making the 
request certifies, in the manner and form required by the Director, 
that (i) the party has received a medical diagnosis and prognosis, and 
(ii) based on that medical diagnosis and prognosis, the party has a 
reasonable belief that accelerated processing of the case is necessary 
to prevent prejudicing the party's interest in the arbitration 
(``eligible health condition'').
    FINRA believes it is appropriate to allow parties, regardless of 
age, to qualify for accelerated processing based on an eligible health 
condition. Parties who are suffering from an eligible health condition 
may be unable to meaningfully participate in a lengthy arbitration 
proceeding, which, in turn, could affect the outcome of the proceeding.
    Unlike the proposed rule change, the current program does not 
require a certification to qualify for expedited proceedings based on a 
party's health condition. Under the current program, the Director 
determines whether the party qualifies for the program on the face of 
the information contained in the party's request at the outset of the 
case through the online claim filing form, statement of claim, or 
optional cover letter.\19\ If it is not clear from the request whether 
the party qualifies for the current program, the Director may request 
additional information from the party.
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    \19\ Under the Codes, the term ``Director'' means the Director 
of DRS. Unless the Codes provide that the Director may not delegate 
a specific function, the term includes FINRA staff to whom the 
Director has delegated authority. See FINRA Rules 12100(m), 12103, 
13100(m), and 13103.
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    FINRA believes that the proposed certification requirement is the 
most appropriate way to minimize unnecessary intrusions into a party's 
private health information while, at the same time, allowing FINRA to 
identify those individuals who could benefit most from accelerated 
processing because they are suffering from an eligible health 
condition.
    FINRA understands the concerns of some forum users that, unless 
proof of their medical condition is required, parties may submit a 
false certification in order to qualify for accelerated processing.\20\ 
However, FINRA has no evidence that parties have falsely claimed to be 
suffering from a serious health condition under the current program nor 
any reason to believe that this kind of misconduct is more likely under 
the proposed rule change. Moreover, FINRA believes that the threat of 
potential sanctions under existing FINRA Rules 12212 and 13212 should 
be sufficient to deter parties from falsely certifying that they have 
been diagnosed with an eligible health condition in order to qualify 
for accelerated processing.\21\
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    \20\ See infra note 80 and accompanying text.
    \21\ Under existing FINRA Rules 12212 and 13212, potential 
sanctions include, but are not limited to, monetary penalties, an 
adverse inference, or a preclusion order.
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    Finally, some forum users have expressed the concern that parties 
who request accelerated processing on the basis of an eligible health 
condition could be subject to discovery requests for the production of 
medical records or other private information about their health 
condition.\22\ FINRA agrees with these forum users that in addition to 
raising privacy concerns, such discovery requests--or a requirement for 
additional proof of a party's health condition--could deter parties 
from making valid requests for accelerated processing and also 
unnecessarily delay the proceedings.\23\ To address these concerns, the 
proposed rule change would make clear that a party does not open the 
door to discovery into their health condition merely by requesting 
accelerated processing.\24\ Specifically, under proposed Rules 
12808(a)(2) and 13808(a)(2), a party's certification of an eligible 
health condition shall not alone be sufficient grounds to compel the 
production of information concerning, or to allow questioning at any 
hearing about, the party's medical condition. The proposed rule change 
would not address a party's ability to request medical information for 
other appropriate reasons that are unrelated to the certification. For 
example, state law may allow a claimant's medical records to be 
discovered when a claimant places their medical condition at issue in 
their claim.\25\
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    \22\ See infra note 81 and accompanying text.
    \23\ See infra note 82 and accompanying text.
    \24\ See proposed Rules 12808(a)(2) and 13808(a)(2).
    \25\ See, e.g., Hansen v. Combined Transp., Inc., Case No. 1:13-
cv-01993, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 63490, at *6-9 (D. Or. May 8, 2014) 
(because plaintiff alleged emotional distress damages, court found 
that, under Oregon and Washington law, he had placed his 
psychological condition at issue and granted the defendants' motion 
to compel the production of any records of the plaintiff's treatment 
by a medical professional for emotional or psychological matters); 
Kirk v. Schaeffler Group USA, Inc., No. 3:13-cv-05032, 2014 U.S. 
Dist. LEXIS 83963, at *2-9 (W.D. Mo. June 20, 2014) (plaintiff was 
required, under Missouri law, to produce medical records related to 
her autoimmune disorder because those records were relevant to her 
claim that her autoimmune disorder was caused by exposure to 
chemicals released from the defendants' manufacturing plant); 
Desrosiers v. Hartford, No. C 12-80104, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 64554, 
at *1-4 (N.D. Cal. May 8, 2012) (applying California law, the court 
compelled compliance with subpoenas that sought the production of 
the plaintiff's medical records where she alleged that her 
employer's actions caused her to suffer emotional and psychological 
injuries).
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    Based on these considerations, FINRA believes that the proposed 
certification requirement and the threat of potential sanctions would 
be sufficient to protect against abuse of the process while, at the 
same time, minimizing unnecessary intrusions into a party's private 
medical information.
3. Requests by Other Parties for Accelerated Processing
    Finally, as noted above, for those parties who may benefit from 
shortened proceedings but do not meet the eligibility requirements of 
the proposed rule change, proposed Rules 12808(a)(3) and 13808(a)(3) 
would allow those parties to request that the panel consider other 
factors, including their age or a change in their health condition 
during the arbitration proceeding, when scheduling hearings and 
discovery, briefing, and motions deadlines. Thus, although these 
proceedings would not be subject to the shortened, rule-based deadlines 
of the proposed rule change, the panel may determine at a party's 
request, to expedite the proceedings based on the party's particular 
circumstances.

B. Determination of Eligibility

    Under proposed Rules 12808(b)(1) and 13808(b)(1), the Director 
would be responsible for determining whether a requesting party 
qualifies for accelerated processing.\26\ When assessing eligibility 
for accelerated processing, the Director would make an objective 
determination as to whether the requesting party is at least 70 years 
of age or has submitted the required certification regarding an 
eligible health condition. This determination would not require any 
assessment by the Director regarding the reasonableness of the 
requesting party's belief that accelerated processing is necessary.
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    \26\ See supra note 19.
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C. Accelerating the Proceedings

    Once the Director determines that an arbitration qualifies for 
accelerated processing, the proposed rule change would accelerate the 
proceedings in three ways. First, the proposed rule change would 
accelerate the arbitrator selection process by shortening the deadlines 
for the Director to send the list of potential arbitrators to the

[[Page 105131]]

parties.\27\ Second, the proposed rule change would provide arbitrators 
with direction on how quickly the arbitration should be completed.\28\ 
Third, the proposed rule change would shorten certain deadlines that 
apply to the parties.\29\
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    \27\ See proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(A) and 13808(b)(2)(A).
    \28\ See proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(B), 12808(b)(2)(C), 
13808(b)(2)(B), and 13808(b)(2)(C).
    \29\ See proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(D) and 13808(b)(2)(D).
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1. Accelerating the Arbitrator Selection Process
    The first way that the proposed rule change would shorten the 
proceedings is by requiring that the Director send out the lists of 
potential arbitrators to the parties more quickly.\30\ Currently, DRS 
is required to send a list of potential arbitrators to all parties at 
the same time, ``within approximately 30 days after the last answer is 
due,'' regardless of the parties' agreement to extend any answer due 
date.\31\ By contrast, proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(A) and 13808(b)(2)(A) 
would require the Director to send the arbitrator lists generated by 
the list selection algorithm to all parties ``as soon as practicable 
after the last answer is due.'' In practice, the Director generally 
sends the arbitrator lists to parties in fewer than 30 days after the 
last answer due date. By requiring that the Director send the 
arbitrator lists ``as soon as practicable'' after the last answer is 
due, it would signal that the lists shall be sent shortly after the 
last answer due date, but would retain some flexibility for the 
Director in sending the lists.
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    \30\ FINRA uses a list selection algorithm that generates, on a 
random basis, lists of arbitrators from FINRA's rosters of 
arbitrators for the selected hearing location for each proceeding. 
The parties select their panel through a process of striking and 
ranking the arbitrators on the lists generated by the list selection 
algorithm. See FINRA Rules 12400(a) and 13400(a).
    \31\ See FINRA Rules 12402(c)(1), 12403(b)(1) and 13403(c)(1).
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2. Guidance to Arbitrators Regarding Completion of the Arbitration
    The second way that the proposed rule change would shorten the 
length of the proceedings is to provide arbitrators with direction as 
to how quickly the case should be completed. Specifically, under 
proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(B) and 13808(b)(2)(B), the panel shall 
endeavor to render an award within 10 months of the date the Director 
determines that a case is subject to accelerated processing. In 
addition, under proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(C) and 13808(b)(2)(C), the 
panel shall hold a prehearing conference at which it shall set 
discovery, briefing, and motions deadlines, and schedule hearing 
sessions, that are consistent with rendering an award within 10 months 
or less.
    By providing arbitrators with specific guidance regarding how 
quickly they should endeavor to complete an arbitration, FINRA believes 
that the proposed rule change would be more likely than the current 
program--which does not provide arbitrators with any similar guidance--
to significantly reduce the overall length of the proceedings in cases 
that qualify for accelerated processing.
    FINRA also believes that 10 months is the appropriate timeframe 
within which arbitrators should endeavor to render awards in 
accelerated arbitrations. Currently, the median time for customer 
arbitrations to close by award after a hearing when they are not part 
of the current program is almost 16 months, as is discussed more fully 
below.\32\ Shortening the length of the proceedings by approximately 
six months would make a meaningful difference for a party who is at 
least 70 years old or suffering from an eligible health condition.\33\
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    \32\ See infra Item II.B.2 (discussing Economic Baseline).
    \33\ See infra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
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    As noted above, although shortening the length of the proceedings 
for parties who qualify for accelerated processing is an important 
goal, FINRA understands that speed cannot come at the cost of fairness. 
However, FINRA believes that 10 months should provide a reasonable and 
fair opportunity for discovery, motions, briefing, and hearings to be 
completed.\34\
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    \34\ See supra note 17.
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    At the same time, FINRA recognizes that there are some cases that 
may qualify for accelerated processing but that cannot reasonably be 
completed within 10 months because, for example, they are too complex. 
As to these matters, FINRA believes that the proposed rule change--
which would establish a benchmark but would not mandate that all cases 
be completed within 10 months--would provide the arbitrators with 
sufficient flexibility to accommodate the particular circumstances of 
each case.\35\
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    \35\ Further, as is discussed more fully, infra note 42 and 
accompanying text, even after the proposed rule change is adopted, 
arbitrators would continue to have flexibility under existing FINRA 
rules to modify the deadlines that apply to the parties when 
appropriate. See FINRA Rules 12508(b) and 13508(b) (allowing 
arbitrators to excuse untimely objections to discovery requests 
where ``the party had substantial justification for failing to make 
the objection within the required time''); FINRA Rules 12207(b) and 
13207(b) (authorizing arbitrators to extend or modify any deadline 
``either on its own initiative or upon motion of a party'').
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3. Shortening Party Deadlines
    Finally, the third way that the proposed rule change would shorten 
the length of the proceedings is to shorten several of the default 
deadlines that apply to parties under the Codes, as follows:
     Serving an Answer. Under the Codes, a respondent must 
serve an answer within 45 days of receipt of the statement of 
claim.\36\ Under proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(D)(i) and 
13808(b)(2)(D)(i), a respondent would be required to serve an answer 
within 30 days of receipt of the statement of claim.
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    \36\ See FINRA Rules 12303 and 13303.
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     Responding to a Third Party Claim. Under the Codes, a 
party responding to a third party claim must serve a response within 45 
days of receipt of the third party claim.\37\ Under proposed Rules 
12808(b)(2)(D)(ii) and 13808(b)(2)(D)(ii), a party responding to a 
third party claim would be required to serve a response within 30 days 
of receipt of the third party claim.
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    \37\ See FINRA Rules 12306 and 13306.
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     Completing Arbitrator Lists. Under the Codes, parties must 
return the ranked arbitrator lists to the Director no more than 20 days 
after the lists were sent to the parties.\38\ Under proposed Rules 
12808(b)(2)(D)(iii) and 13808(b)(2)(D) (iii), parties would be required 
to return the ranked arbitrator lists to the Director no more than 10 
days after the lists are sent to the parties.
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    \38\ See FINRA Rules 12403 and 13404.
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     Discovery in Customer Cases. Under the Customer Code, 
parties in customer cases are required to produce to all other parties 
documents that are described in the Document Production Lists on 
FINRA's website; explain why specific documents cannot be produced; or 
object and file an objection with the Director within 60 days of the 
date that the answer to the statement of claim or third party claim is 
due, unless the parties agree otherwise.\39\ Under proposed Rule 
12808(b)(2)(D)(iv), parties in customer cases would be required to 
respond to the Document Production Lists within 35 days of the date the 
answer to the statement of claim or third party claim is due, unless 
the parties agree otherwise.
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    \39\ See FINRA Rule 12506.
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     Other Discovery Requests. Under the Codes, parties must 
respond within 60 days of receipt to requests for other documents or 
information, unless the parties agree otherwise.\40\ Under proposed 
Rules 12808(b)(2)(D)(v) and 13808(b)(2)(D)(iv), parties would be 
required to respond to requests for other

[[Page 105132]]

documents and information within 30 days of receipt, unless the parties 
agree otherwise.
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    \40\ See FINRA Rules 12507 and 13507.
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    Based on FINRA's experience, FINRA believes these proposed 
shortened deadlines are reasonable and would not compromise the 
fairness of the arbitration proceedings because they would be 
manageable in most cases. In addition, arbitrators and parties could 
extend the proposed deadlines if warranted. Specifically, there may be 
some cases in which the complexity of the case, the volume of 
discovery, or other factors may justify extending these proposed 
deadlines.\41\ Under such circumstances, the existing provisions of the 
Codes would provide the parties and arbitrators with the flexibility to 
address the unique facts and circumstances of each case. Specifically, 
under existing FINRA Rules 12207(a) and 13207(a), the parties may agree 
to extend or modify any deadline for serving an answer, returning the 
ranked arbitrator or chairperson lists, responding to motions, or 
exchanging documents or witness lists.\42\ Under existing FINRA Rules 
12207(b) and 13207(b), the panel may extend or modify any deadline for 
serving an answer, responding to motions, exchanging documents or 
witness lists, or any other deadline set by the panel, either on its 
own initiative or upon motion of a party. Further, under existing FINRA 
Rules 12508(b) and 13508(b), the panel may extend the time for a party 
to object to discovery requests if the party has ``substantial 
justification for failing to make the objection within the required 
time.''
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    \41\ See infra Item II.C.4 (discussing comments to the Notice 
addressing the proposed shortened deadlines for parties and guidance 
to arbitrators).
    \42\ Proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(D)(iv), 12808(b)(2)(D)(v), and 
13808(b)(2)(D)(iv) similarly would permit the parties to mutually 
agree to extend discovery deadlines.
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    While these provisions in the Codes provide the panel and the 
parties with flexibility to modify the shortened deadlines in the 
proposed rule change, FINRA expects the extensions to be the exception 
and not the rule. Accordingly, if the Commission approves the proposed 
rule change, FINRA would provide training and guidance to arbitrators 
on accelerated processing, which would include training on evaluating 
requests to extend the proposed shortened deadlines.
    If the Commission approves the proposed rule change, FINRA will 
announce the effective date of the proposed rule change in a Regulatory 
Notice.\43\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ FINRA notes that the proposed rule change would impact all 
members, including members that are funding portals or have elected 
to be treated as capital acquisition brokers (``CABs''), given that 
the funding portal and CAB rule sets incorporate the impacted FINRA 
rules by reference.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Statutory Basis
    FINRA believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with the 
provisions of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act,\44\ which requires, among 
other things, that FINRA rules must be designed to prevent fraudulent 
and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable 
principles of trade, and, in general, to protect investors and the 
public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA believes that the proposed rule change will protect investors 
and the public interest by shortening case processing times for those 
parties--most of whom are likely to be customers--who may not be able 
to meaningfully participate for the duration of a lengthy arbitration 
because of their age or health condition. When parties are unable to 
meaningfully participate in an arbitration, it can affect the outcome 
of the proceedings. By shortening the length of the arbitration for 
these parties, the proposed rule change will make it more likely that 
they are able to meaningfully participate for the duration of the 
proceedings. This, in turn, will protect investors and the public 
interest by helping to ensure that arbitration cases are resolved based 
on the underlying merits.
    In addition, those parties who do not meet the eligibility 
requirements of the proposed rule change still will be able to request, 
once the panel has been appointed, that the panel consider other 
factors, including their age or a change in their health condition 
during the arbitration proceeding, when scheduling hearings and 
discovery, briefing, and motion deadlines. Thus, although these 
proceedings would not be subject to the shortened, rule-based deadlines 
of the proposed rule change, the panel may determine at a party's 
request, to expedite the proceedings based on the party's particular 
circumstances.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    FINRA does not believe that the proposed rule change would result 
in any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act.
    FINRA has undertaken an economic impact assessment, as set forth 
below, to analyze the regulatory need for the proposed rulemaking, its 
potential economic impacts, including anticipated benefits and costs, 
and the alternatives FINRA considered in assessing how to best meet its 
regulatory objectives.
Economic Impact Assessment
1. Regulatory Need
    The proposed rule change would address concerns that FINRA has 
received that certain parties who are seriously ill or 70 years or 
older may be unable to meaningfully participate in a lengthy 
arbitration. An inability to meaningfully participate harms these 
parties if, as a result, the resolution of the arbitration does not 
accurately reflect the underlying merits of the case. For the parties 
who qualify, the proposed rule change would shorten case deadlines and 
provide arbitrators with instruction on how quickly the arbitration 
should be completed.
2. Economic Baseline
    The economic baseline is the current provisions under the Codes 
that address the administration of arbitration proceedings and the 
current program to shorten case processing times. The proposed rule 
change is expected to affect the parties to cases in the DRS forum, 
their counsel, and FINRA arbitrators.
    Under the current program, parties who have a serious health 
condition or are at least 65 years of age may request that the 
processing of their arbitration be expedited. Since the current program 
is voluntary, requesting parties presumably anticipate that the 
benefits from the shortened case processing times more than offset any 
additional costs, such as paying for expedited legal services. 
Expedited processing may also impose additional costs on the other 
parties and arbitrators associated with arbitrations.
    From 2019 through 2023, customers requested expedited processing in 
approximately 29 percent of customer arbitrations. During this time 
period, 10,961 customer arbitrations (where customers appeared as 
claimants) closed where DRS had served the statement of claim on 
respondents. Parties requested expedited processing in 3,174 of these 
arbitrations. Ninety-nine percent, or 3,132 of the 3,174 requests, were 
granted. Parties did not request expedited processing in the remaining 
7,787 arbitrations.\45\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ Parties requested expedited processing in few arbitrations 
where customers appeared only as respondent or that were intra-
industry arbitrations. For this reason, FINRA focuses the empirical 
discussion on customer arbitrations where customers appeared as 
claimant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Arbitrations in the current program closed only slightly faster 
than arbitrations not in the current program. The median time for the 
3,132 customer

[[Page 105133]]

arbitrations in the current program to close was approximately 13.7 
months. This is two months shorter than the median time for the 7,829 
customer arbitrations not in the current program to close, which was 
15.7 months.\46\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ FINRA finds similar evidence comparing the length of 
customer arbitrations that went through the full arbitration process 
and closed by award after a hearing from 2019 to 2023.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Economic Impacts
    The proposed rule change would impact the number of parties who are 
eligible for accelerated processing.\47\ For example, from a sample of 
499 requests for expedited processing that were granted in 2023, 77 
percent of the requests (385 requests) were granted on the basis of 
serious illness or age 70 or over. These parties represent 20 percent 
of customer claimants (385 of 1,891 arbitrations where customers 
appeared as claimant). The remaining 23 percent of requests (114 
requests), or six percent of customer claimants, were granted solely on 
the basis of age to parties between the ages of 65 and 69. Under the 
proposed rule change, these parties would no longer qualify for 
accelerated processing.\48\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ As noted above, the proposed rule change would be more 
likely than the current program, which does not provide for 
shortened, rule-based deadlines for parties or provide arbitrators 
with direction on how quickly the arbitration should be completed, 
to accelerate the proceedings for those parties who may not be able 
to meaningfully participate throughout the course of a lengthy 
arbitration. In addition, for those parties who may benefit from 
shortened proceedings but do not meet the eligibility requirements 
of the proposed rule change, the proposed rule change would allow 
the parties to request that the panel consider other factors, 
including their age and health, when scheduling hearings and 
discovery, briefing, and motion deadlines. Thus, although these 
proceedings would not be subject to the shortened, rule-based 
deadlines of the proposed rule change, the panel may determine at a 
party's request, to expedite the proceedings based on the party's 
particular circumstances, including developing a serious health 
condition during the arbitration proceeding.
    \48\ FINRA also identified 31 requests for expedited processing 
made by customer claimants where the request was based on age but 
information describing the age was not available. Depending on the 
age of the customer, these requests may or may not be eligible under 
the proposed rule change. The sample reflects all arbitrations filed 
in 2023 where customer claimants requested expedited processing. The 
sample, therefore, should be representative of the customer 
claimants who make these requests.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA anticipates that the proposed rule change would shorten the 
length of arbitrations for parties who request and are granted 
accelerated processing. In these arbitrations, arbitrators would be 
required to endeavor to render an award within 10 months. From a sample 
of arbitrations in the current program in 2020 that have since closed, 
384 were granted on the basis of serious illness or age 70 or over. 
Seventy percent (269 of 384 arbitrations in the current program) took 
longer than 10 months to close. Among the arbitrations in the current 
program that took longer than 10 months to close, approximately 50 
percent took longer than 15.3 months to close.\49\ As discussed below, 
the magnitude of the benefits and costs resulting from the proposed 
rule change would increase as the arbitrations that proceed under 
accelerated processing shorten.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ As a comparison, from a sample of 109 arbitrations in the 
current program in 2020 involving customer claimants who were under 
the age of 70 and not seriously ill, 72 percent (78 of 109 
arbitrations in the current program) took longer than 10 months to 
close. Among the arbitrations in the current program that took 
longer than 10 months to close, approximately 50 percent took longer 
than 14.6 months to close. As of the date of this filing, two 
arbitrations in the current program in 2020 remained open.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Relative to the baseline, the proposed rule change would benefit 
parties who are seriously ill or at least 70 years old by shortening 
case deadlines for their arbitrations and providing arbitrators with 
instruction on how quickly the arbitration should be completed. This 
would help reduce the length of the arbitration and increase the chance 
that qualifying parties can fully participate. The ability of these 
parties to meaningfully participate would help facilitate outcomes that 
are more consistent with the merits of the case.\50\ Those parties who, 
as a result of the shorter processing times settle or are awarded 
damages earlier than under the current program, may also have a greater 
ability to meet their short-term financial needs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ Such outcomes can include awards and settlements insofar as 
settlements reflect the merits of the case. Among the 10,961 
customer arbitrations that closed from 2019 through 2023, 8,423 
arbitrations (77 percent) resulted in settlements reached by the 
parties.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed rule change, however, may also impose additional costs 
on parties and arbitrators to meet the shorter, rule-based deadlines. 
The parties who are eligible and request accelerated processing would 
incur these costs at their own discretion. The types of costs the other 
parties to the proceeding may incur would depend on how they manage 
their resources to meet the shortened deadlines. For example, these 
parties may reallocate resources from other activities, possibly 
increasing the time required to meet other business objectives; or they 
may incur additional costs from adding staff or using outside counsel; 
or do a combination of the two. How these parties would adjust to meet 
the shortened deadlines may differ depending on their business models 
and available resources. The additional costs parties incur, however, 
may be partly offset by the gains to efficiency from the shorter 
deadlines and a more focused effort on the associated tasks.
    Participants to non-accelerated arbitrations may also incur costs 
associated with longer processing times. It could be difficult for 
arbitrators, industry parties and their counsel--many of whom 
participate concurrently in more than one arbitration--to maintain 
their current timelines for non-accelerated arbitrations. As a result, 
case processing times of non-accelerated arbitrations may lengthen.
    Reducing the length of the arbitration may help more parties with 
serious health issues than are helped under the current program, though 
the reduction may not be sufficient to help all parties with more 
serious health issues and shorter life expectancies. Also, under the 
proposed rule change, parties between the ages of 65 and 69 who are 
seriously ill would no longer be able to rely on their age to qualify 
for accelerated processing. These parties may incur additional costs to 
certify that they have received a medical diagnosis and prognosis in 
order to take advantage of accelerated processing.
    Finally, it is not expected that the proposed rule change would 
impose costs on those parties who would no longer qualify for 
accelerated processing on the basis of either their age or health 
condition. These parties would still be able to ask that the panel 
consider their age and health in making scheduling decisions and 
setting deadlines.
4. Alternatives Considered
    FINRA considered different age eligibility cutoffs when developing 
the proposed rule change.\51\ FINRA is concerned that age cutoffs 
greater than 70 would deny accelerated processing to many parties who 
are at higher risk of becoming seriously ill, experiencing an adverse 
health condition, or not living to see the outcome of an arbitration. 
In 2023, relative to the proposed age cutoff of 70, an age cutoff of 75 
would decrease the total number of customer claimants who would qualify 
for accelerated processing from 20 percent to 16 percent.\52\ 
Alternatively, as noted above, lowering the proposed age cutoff from 70 
to 65--the same age cutoff for the current program--would increase the 
total number of customer claimants who would qualify for accelerated 
processing from 20 percent to 26 percent.\53\ FINRA

[[Page 105134]]

notes that these are estimates of eligibility, and that we do not know 
the fraction of those eligible who would request accelerated processing 
if the proposed rule change were adopted.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ See infra Item II.C.2.
    \52\ In 2023, with a proposed age cutoff of 75, customer 
claimants in 295 arbitrations (16 percent of 1,891 arbitrations 
where customers appeared as claimant) would qualify for accelerated 
processing.
    \53\ See supra note 15.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Even though the data suggests that lowering the proposed age cutoff 
from 70 to 65 would only affect approximately six percent of customer 
claimants, FINRA is concerned that this change may reduce the 
likelihood that the proposed rule change would materially shorten the 
length of the proceedings for those parties who may be less likely to 
be able to participate for the duration of a lengthy arbitration. FINRA 
is also concerned that participation by arbitrators, industry parties 
and their counsel in more than one arbitration, including an 
arbitration that is accelerated under the proposed rule change may 
affect parties in other arbitrations in the DRS forum in the form of 
longer processing times.
    FINRA understands that the average likelihood of becoming unable to 
meaningfully participate in an arbitration may differ among populations 
and that these differences can persist after the age of 65.\54\ This 
suggests that lowering the proposed age cutoff cannot fully equalize 
the ability of individuals in all populations to participate in the 
forum. However, populations with higher likelihoods of serious illness 
or adverse health conditions may experience additional benefits from 
the eligibility requirements based on health. As noted above, a party 
younger than 70 would still be able to request accelerated processing 
if they are suffering from a serious health condition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ See Elizabeth Arias, Jiaquan Xu & Kenneth Kochanek, United 
States Life Tables, 2021, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 
72, No. 12, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-12.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, FINRA also considered establishing different deadlines for 
parties (e.g., requiring the parties to complete the ranked arbitrator 
lists in 20 days and not the proposed 10 days; and requiring parties to 
respond to Document Production Lists in 20 days and not the proposed 35 
days). When establishing the proposed deadlines, FINRA considered the 
potential burden on arbitrators and parties relative to their 
importance on the length of arbitration proceedings to close. FINRA 
believes that the deadlines as proposed would be manageable and only 
impose a burden on arbitrators and parties to the extent that the 
deadlines would help result in meaningfully shortened processing times.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    FINRA published the proposed rule change for comment in Regulatory 
Notice 22-09.\55\ FINRA received 15 comment letters from 14 commenters 
in response to the Notice.\56\ A copy of the Notice is available on 
FINRA's website at https://www.finra.org. A list of comment letters 
received in response to the Notice is available on FINRA's website. 
Copies of the comment letters received in response to the Notice are 
available on FINRA's website.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \55\ See supra note 12.
    \56\ One of the 14 commenters, Slater, submitted two comment 
letters. See SR-FINRA-2024-021 (Form 19b-4, Exhibit 2b) for a list 
of abbreviations assigned to commenters (available on FINRA's 
website at https://www.finra.org).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Eleven commenters supported FINRA's efforts to accelerate 
arbitration proceedings for those parties who may not be able to 
meaningfully participate in lengthy proceedings but suggested 
modifications.\57\ A summary of the comments and FINRA's responses are 
discussed below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ See Cambridge, Cardozo, Caruso, Cornell, FSI, Iannarone, 
Miami, NASAA, Pace, PIABA, and St. John's. SIFMA stated that the 
proposed rule change is unnecessary because FINRA's current program 
for expediting arbitrations sufficiently addresses the issue. The 
two remaining commenters, Kolber and Slater, did not address the 
proposed rule change specifically but, rather, expressed concerns 
about misconduct by attorneys in FINRA arbitrations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Comments Addressing the Need for the Proposed Rule Change
    In its response to the Notice, SIFMA supported the intent behind 
the proposed rule change--``to ensure that parties to a FINRA 
arbitration are able to participate meaningfully in their proceedings 
and obtain a fair outcome''--but questioned whether the proposed rule 
change is necessary given the existence of the current program. FINRA 
disagrees that the proposed rule change is unnecessary. The current 
program has reduced the median time that it takes for customer 
arbitrations to close by just two months.\58\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ See supra Item II.B.2 (discussing Economic Baseline).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA understands that any shortening in the length of an 
arbitration can be helpful to a party who is elderly or suffering from 
a serious health condition. However, FINRA believes that the proposed 
rule change has the potential to shorten the time that it takes for 
arbitrations to close to approximately 10 months, thereby shortening 
the median closing time by approximately an additional three months. As 
a number of commenters noted, the additional time savings contemplated 
by the proposed rule change could be critical for parties who are 
elderly or suffering from a serious health condition and who, 
therefore, may be unable to meaningfully participate in a lengthy 
arbitration.\59\ As Miami stated, ``[t]he critical months saved under 
the proposal could mean the difference in'' whether an elderly or sick 
party is able to meaningfully participate in the proceedings, ``whether 
by testifying, consulting with their attorneys, or making decisions 
about settlement offers.'' Cardozo noted the ``grave'' consequences 
that some elderly or seriously ill parties face without accelerated 
processing. Some of these parties die before the arbitration is 
completed, and others, who are diagnosed with a memory-impairing 
disease like Alzheimer's, may initially be able to assist in the 
preparation of their case but then ``enter into a steep decline to a 
point where they can no longer testify on their own behalf.'' \60\ 
According to Cardozo, ``[m]moving quickly in such a case is critical.'' 
FINRA believes that, by establishing rule-based deadlines for the 
parties and codifying the expectation that arbitrators endeavor to 
render an award within 10 months, the proposed rule change would be 
more likely than the current program to ensure that cases occur on an 
accelerated schedule.\61\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ See Miami, Cardozo.
    \60\ See Cardozo.
    \61\ See PIABA (stating that ``[c]odifying the mandates of an 
accelerated process'' may make it more likely that parties and 
arbitrators comply with an accelerated schedule).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    SIFMA suggests that, even without the proposed rule change, FINRA 
could encourage arbitrators to endeavor to render awards in accelerated 
proceedings within a period of 10 months. FINRA agrees that arbitrator 
training is important, and, as noted above, if the Commission approves 
the proposed rule change, FINRA would provide training and guidance to 
arbitrators on accelerated processing, which would include training on 
evaluating requests to extend the proposed shortened deadlines.
2. Comments Addressing Which Parties Should Be Eligible for Accelerated 
Processing
    As discussed below, those commenters who addressed the issue of 
which parties should be eligible for accelerated processing almost 
uniformly supported allowing parties to qualify based on either their 
age or their health condition.\62\ The principal area of disagreement 
among the commenters

[[Page 105135]]

was the appropriate age at which a party should become eligible for 
accelerated processing.\63\ Further, some commenters suggested that 
FINRA should take into consideration other factors in addition to age 
and health condition when deciding whether a party should qualify for 
accelerated processing.\64\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \62\ See infra Item II.C.2(A) and (B).
    \63\ See infra Item II.C.2(A).
    \64\ See infra Item II.C.2(C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(A) Comments Addressing Eligibility Based on Age

    All but one of the commenters who addressed the issue supported 
allowing parties to qualify for accelerated processing based solely on 
age.\65\ The only exception is Cambridge. Specifically, Cambridge 
questioned the need for parties who are otherwise healthy to qualify 
for accelerated processing based solely on age. Cambridge stated that 
accelerated processing should be available only when a party is 
suffering from an eligible health condition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ Compare Cardozo, Caruso, Cornell, FSI, Iannarone, Miami, 
NASAA, Pace, PIABA, SIFMA, and St. John's (all supporting allowing 
parties to qualify for accelerated processing based solely on age) 
with Cambridge (recommending that FINRA eliminate eligibility based 
solely on age). SIFMA generally supported allowing parties to 
request accelerated processing based on age but suggested that FINRA 
should require parties to produce proof of their age. FINRA 
discusses all of the comments addressing the question of what kind 
of proof should be required to qualify for accelerated processing 
below. See infra Item II.C.3(A).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA disagrees with Cambridge. Even if they are otherwise healthy 
at the outset of the arbitration, elderly parties may be more likely 
because of their age to become seriously ill or die during the 
arbitration, in which case they would be unable to meaningfully 
participate for the duration of the proceedings. For this reason, FINRA 
believes it is appropriate that the proposed rule change would allow 
parties to qualify for accelerated processing based solely on age.
    The remaining commenters, other than Cambridge, focused principally 
on the question of what the appropriate age cutoff should be for a 
party to qualify for accelerated processing. In the Notice, FINRA 
proposed an age cutoff of 75 years and requested comment on whether 75 
was the appropriate age at which parties should be able to request that 
the proceedings be accelerated.\66\ In response, three commenters 
supported the proposed age cutoff of 75.\67\ St. John's recommended 
lowering the age cutoff to 70. Six commenters urged FINRA to lower the 
age cutoff to 65.\68\ As noted above, those commenters who suggested 
lowering the age cutoff from 75 to either 70 or 65 relied on some or 
all of the following three justifications for their recommendation: (1) 
65 is the age that is commonly used in other statutes and rules 
relating to the protection of seniors; \69\ (2) lowering the age cutoff 
to below 75 would account for different life expectancies across 
different groups; \70\ and (3) customer claimants who are 65 years of 
age and older are more likely to be facing economic hardship because 
they may not have ongoing income from employment.\71\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \66\ See supra note 12.
    \67\ See FSI, Miami, SIFMA.
    \68\ See Cardozo, Caruso, Cornell, Iannarone, Pace, PIABA.
    \69\ See Caruso, Iannarone, Pace, PIABA.
    \70\ See Cardozo, Cornell, Iannarone, Pace, PIABA.
    \71\ See Cardozo.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After considering the comments, FINRA has determined to propose an 
age cutoff to qualify for accelerated processing of 70. As discussed in 
detail above, an age cutoff of 70 would make accelerated processing 
available to more parties who are at a higher risk of becoming 
seriously ill or experiencing an eligible health condition during the 
course of an arbitration, or potentially not living to see the outcome 
of the arbitration proceeding.\72\ However, as noted above, if the 
Commission approves the proposed rule change, FINRA would monitor the 
new program to determine if adjustments to the age cutoff for 
qualification for accelerated processing are warranted.\73\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \72\ See supra Item II.A.1(II)(A)(1) (discussing Eligibility 
Based on Age) and Item II.B.4 (discussing Alternatives Considered).
    \73\ See supra Item II.A.1(II)(A)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(B) Comments Addressing Eligibility Based on Health Condition

    Those commenters who addressed the issue of which parties should be 
eligible for accelerated processing unanimously supported allowing 
parties to qualify based on their health condition.\74\ However, FSI 
requested further guidance regarding the kinds of health conditions 
that would support a request for accelerated processing. Cornell 
requested that FINRA reconsider the requirement in proposed Rules 
12808(a)(1)(B) and 13808(a)(1)(B) that, in order to qualify for 
accelerated processing based on their health condition, a party must 
certify that they have a ``reasonable belief'' that accelerated 
processing is necessary. In explaining its objection to that standard, 
Cornell expressed the concern that parties could be subject to 
sanctions if they and the Director--who, according to Cornell, will 
have ``the authority of determining whether the applicants' beliefs are 
reasonable''--disagree as to ``what conditions warrant an accelerated 
hearing.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ See Cambridge, Cardozo, Caruso, Cornell, FSI, Iannarone, 
Miami, NASAA, Pace, PIABA, SIFMA, and St. John's. Although they 
generally supported allowing parties to qualify for accelerated 
processing based on their health condition, some of these commenters 
suggested that the proposed rule change should require parties to 
produce additional proof of their health condition. See Cambridge, 
SIFMA. FINRA discusses these comments on the issue of what proof 
should be required to establish eligibility based on health 
condition below. See infra Item II.C.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Given the breadth of potential diagnoses and prognoses that could 
result in parties reasonably believing that they would be prejudiced 
without accelerated processing, FINRA does not believe it would be 
helpful to provide examples of eligible health conditions. In addition, 
FINRA is concerned that doing so could discourage parties with medical 
diagnoses and prognoses that fall outside of the examples from making a 
legitimate request for accelerated processing.
    FINRA also believes that the ``reasonable belief'' standard is 
appropriate. As discussed above, when assessing eligibility for 
accelerated processing under proposed Rules 12808(b)(1) and 
13808(b)(1), the Director would make an objective determination as to 
whether the requesting party has submitted the required certification 
regarding an eligible health condition. This determination would not 
require any assessment by the Director regarding the reasonableness of 
the requesting party's belief that accelerated processing is necessary. 
FINRA believes that these concerns are unfounded.

(C) Comments Proposing Additional Categories of Eligible Parties

    Although they supported making accelerated processing available to 
parties based on their age or health condition, two commenters 
suggested that FINRA should allow parties to request accelerated 
treatment based on other factors.\75\ Specifically, St. John's 
recommended that parties should be able to qualify for accelerated 
processing based on ``need.'' Under the approach proposed by St. 
John's, a party's eligibility for accelerated processing would be 
determined based on a consideration of their ``full circumstances,'' 
including their medical status, socioeconomic status, and other needs, 
such as caregiver responsibilities. In addition, both St. John's and 
Iannarone suggested that parties should qualify for accelerated 
processing if they are healthy but have a spouse or immediate family 
member who is

[[Page 105136]]

suffering from a qualifying health condition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \75\ See Iannarone, St. John's.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA understands that there are some parties who would benefit if 
their arbitration were accelerated but who would not qualify for 
accelerated processing under the proposed rule change. However, FINRA 
is concerned that the needs-based approach suggested by St. John's is 
too vague and subjective to be workable. Although FINRA understands 
that parties with ill spouses or immediate family members might benefit 
if--according to St. John's, they were able to ``spend less time and 
money on the arbitration process,''--there is no evidence that these 
parties would be unable to meaningfully participate in arbitration 
proceedings absent accelerated processing. Finally, FINRA believes it 
is unnecessary to expand the categories of eligible parties as 
suggested by the commenters because the proposed rule change provides 
those parties who do not meet the eligibility requirements of the 
proposed rule change with an alternative route to seek to accelerate 
the proceedings. Specifically, as discussed above, proposed Rules 
12808(a)(3) and 13808(a)(3) would allow parties who do not meet the 
eligibility requirements of the proposed rule change to request, once 
the panel has been appointed, that the panel consider other factors, 
including their age or a change in their health condition during the 
arbitration proceeding, when scheduling hearings and discovery, 
briefing, and motion deadlines. Thus, although the shortened deadlines 
in proposed Rules 12808(b) and 13808(b) would not apply to these 
parties, they would be able to ask the arbitration panel to accelerate 
their proceedings based on a consideration of their particular 
circumstances, including developing a serious health condition after 
the panel is appointed.
3. Comments Addressing the Proof Required To Qualify for Accelerated 
Processing
    As noted above, although almost all of the commenters supported 
allowing parties to qualify for accelerated processing based on their 
age or their health conditions, two of those commenters suggested that, 
in order to minimize the potential for abuse of the process, FINRA 
should require parties to produce proof of their age or health 
condition.\76\ To further deter parties from falsely claiming they are 
eligible for accelerated processing, two commenters suggested that 
existing sanctions provisions in the Codes should be expanded.\77\ 
FINRA disagrees with these commenters, as discussed below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \76\ See Cambridge, SIFMA.
    \77\ See FSI, SIFMA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(A) Comments Addressing Proof of Age

    SIFMA suggested that parties requesting accelerated processing on 
the basis of age should be required to prove they are at least 70 years 
old by producing ``a driver's license, passport, birth certificate, or 
other similar official record.'' However, FINRA believes that requiring 
proof of age is unnecessary. Just as there is no evidence that parties 
have falsely claimed to be suffering from a serious health condition, 
FINRA has no evidence that parties have falsified their age to qualify 
for the current program. Nor is there any reason to believe that 
parties are more likely to falsify their age under the proposed rule 
change, particularly when such conduct could result in potential 
sanctions under existing FINRA Rules 12212 and 13212. FINRA is also 
concerned that requiring proof of age under the proposed rule change 
could discourage some parties from making legitimate requests for 
accelerated processing as they may view this as an unnecessary 
intrusion into their personal information.\78\ Further, in the unlikely 
event that a genuine dispute arises as to whether a party qualifies for 
accelerated processing on the basis of age, the arbitration panel could 
require that the party provide proof of age to determine the 
applicability of the proposed rule change.\79\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ In addition, FINRA notes there are increasing concerns with 
customers' identities being used for fraudulent purposes in the 
securities industry. See, e.g., Regulatory Notice 20-13 (May 2020) 
(reminding firms to be aware of fraud during the pandemic); 
Regulatory Notice 20-32 (September 2020) (reminding firms to be 
aware of fraudulent options trading in connection with potential 
account takeovers and new account fraud); Regulatory Notice 21-14 
(March 2021) (alerting firms to recent increase in automated 
clearing house ``Instant Funds'' abuse); Regulatory Notice 21-18 
(May 2021) (sharing practices firms use to protect customers from 
online account takeover attempts); and Regulatory Notice 22-21 
(October 2022) (alerting firms to recent trend in fraudulent 
transfers of accounts through the Automated Customer Account 
Transfer Service).
    \79\ See FINRA Rules 12409 and 13413. The panel has the 
authority to interpret and determine the applicability of all 
provisions under the Codes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(B) Comments Addressing Proof of a Party's Health Condition

    To minimize the risk that parties will falsely certify that they 
are suffering from an eligible health condition, two commenters 
suggested that parties should be required to provide additional proof 
of their health condition, for example, by providing a certification 
from a physician.\80\ As discussed above, FINRA believes that the 
proposed certification requirement and the threat of potential 
sanctions would be sufficient to protect against abuse of the process 
while, at the same time, minimizing unnecessary intrusions into private 
medical information.
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    \80\ See Cambridge, SIFMA.
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    Some commenters also expressed the concern that parties who request 
accelerated processing on the basis of an eligible health condition 
could be subject to discovery requests for the production of medical 
records or other private information about their health condition.\81\ 
These commenters stated that in addition to raising privacy concerns, 
such discovery requests could deter parties from making valid requests 
for accelerated processing and also unnecessarily delay the 
proceedings.\82\ FINRA agrees with these concerns. As a result, the 
proposed rule change would make clear that a party does not open the 
door to discovery into their health condition merely by requesting 
accelerated processing.\83\
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    \81\ See Miami, PIABA.
    \82\ See Miami, PIABA.
    \83\ See proposed Rules 12808(a)(2) and 13808(a)(2).
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    To further protect a party's privacy, Cardozo requested that the 
proposed rule change require that the certification be submitted only 
to FINRA staff and not shared with other parties or the arbitrators. 
However, FINRA believes that such a requirement is unnecessary because 
the certification required under the proposed rule change would not 
contain any details regarding the party's medical condition or other 
private health information.

(C) Comments Addressing Sanctions

    To provide further protection against abuse of the process, two 
commenters suggested that the existing sanctions provisions in the 
Codes should be expanded.\84\ More specifically, FSI proposed that 
arbitrators should be able to remove a matter from the accelerated 
processing track, and SIFMA proposed that matters should be subject to 
dismissal as a sanction if a party falsely claims to be eligible for 
accelerated treatment. However, existing FINRA Rules 12212(a) and 
13212(a) already authorize arbitrators to impose a wide range of 
sanctions, including, assessing monetary penalties payable to one or 
more parties; precluding a party from presenting evidence; making an 
adverse inference against a party; assessing postponement or forum 
fees; and assessing attorneys' fees, costs and

[[Page 105137]]

expenses. FINRA believes these rules are broad enough and provide 
arbitrators with sufficient flexibility to address any abuse of 
accelerated processing.
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    \84\ See FSI, SIFMA.
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4. Comments Addressing the Proposed Shortened Deadlines for Parties and 
Guidance to Arbitrators

(A) Comments Addressing the Proposed 10-Month Timeframe for Arbitrators 
To Endeavor To Render an Award

    Two commenters addressed the proposed 10-month timeframe within 
which arbitrators should endeavor to render awards in accelerated 
arbitrations.\85\ Miami supported the proposed rule change and, based 
on its experience representing parties in FINRA arbitrations, stated 
that ``arbitrators appear equipped to meet FINRA's proposed guidance to 
render an award within 10 months or less.'' \86\ SIFMA did not object 
to the proposed 10-month timeframe per se but, rather, noted that it 
may not be possible or appropriate to close all accelerated cases 
within 10 months. For example, SIFMA noted that large, complex cases 
may involve voluminous discovery.
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    \85\ See Miami, SIFMA.
    \86\ In addition, Miami stated that ``existing provisions of the 
Code provide sufficient flexibility if the shortened deadlines could 
not be met in a particular case.''
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    For the reasons discussed above, FINRA believes that 10 months is 
the appropriate timeframe within which arbitrators should endeavor to 
render awards in accelerated arbitrations.\87\ In addition, however, 
FINRA agrees that there are some cases that may qualify for accelerated 
processing but which cannot reasonably be completed within 10 months 
because these cases are complex or involve voluminous discovery. As to 
these matters, FINRA believes that the proposed rule change would 
provide the arbitrators with sufficient flexibility to accommodate the 
particular circumstances of each case. As discussed above, the proposed 
rule change would establish a benchmark but does not mandate that all 
cases be completed within 10 months.\88\
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    \87\ See supra Item II.B.3 (discussing Economic Impacts).
    \88\ See supra Item II.A.1(II)(C)(2).
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(B) Comments Addressing the Shortened Deadlines for Parties

    As discussed above, in addition to establishing a 10-month 
timeframe within which arbitrators should endeavor to render an award 
in accelerated cases, proposed Rules 12808(b)(2)(D) and 13808(b)(2)(D) 
would accelerate the proceedings by establishing shortened deadlines 
for the parties. Three commenters expressed concerns regarding some or 
all of these proposed shortened deadlines.\89\ Cambridge recommended 
against including any deadlines in the proposed rule change ``to allow 
for flexibility in each situation.'' It also objected to all of the 
proposed shortened deadlines for filing answers, returning the ranked 
arbitrator lists, and producing discovery as allegedly too short and 
unfair to respondents.\90\ SIFMA generally supported the proposed 
deadline for filing answers ``provided that the parties are free to 
grant extensions upon request,'' but it stated that the proposed 
deadlines for returning the ranked arbitrator lists and discovery might 
be difficult or impossible to meet in some cases. FSI took issue only 
with the proposed shortened discovery deadlines, which FSI claimed were 
unrealistic and would result in requests for extensions of time ``as a 
matter of course.''
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    \89\ See Cambridge, FSI, SIFMA.
    \90\ Cambridge also suggested that, instead of shortening the 
deadlines that apply to the parties, FINRA should consider 
establishing concurrent deadlines. For example, Cambridge proposed 
that the parties could be working on ranking potential arbitrators 
at the same time that the respondent is preparing the answer to the 
statement of claim. However, FINRA does not believe it would be 
appropriate to require the claimant to rank arbitrators before they 
are provided with an opportunity to review the respondent's answer 
and any counterclaims and crossclaims.
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    FINRA disagrees with Cambridge's suggestion to eliminate all 
shortened deadlines from the proposed rule change. To meaningfully 
reduce case processing times for those parties who may be unable to 
fully participate in lengthy arbitration proceedings--a goal that the 
current program has been unable to achieve--FINRA believes it is 
necessary and appropriate to establish rule-based shortened deadlines. 
As to the other concerns raised by commenters regarding specific 
deadlines, FINRA understands that the proposed shortened deadlines may 
not be reasonable in some cases, for example, if the case is complex or 
involves voluminous discovery. However, as discussed above, FINRA 
believes that the existing provisions of the Codes provide the parties 
and arbitrators with sufficient flexibility to modify the proposed 
shortened deadlines when necessary.\91\ Further, as noted above, if the 
Commission approves the proposed rule change, FINRA would provide 
training and guidance to arbitrators on accelerated processing, which 
would include training on evaluating requests to extend the proposed 
shortened deadlines.
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    \91\ See supra Item II.A.1(II)(C)(3). For this same reason, 
FINRA also does not believe it is necessary, as suggested by 
Cardozo, that the proposed rule change provide parties with the 
option to ``change their minds'' and have their cases returned to a 
regular schedule. If, as Cardozo suggests, the shortened deadlines 
become too ``challenging'' for a party, existing FINRA rules would 
permit them to request that the deadlines be modified.
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5. Other Comments
    In response to the Notice, NASAA criticized FINRA member firms for 
often requiring customers to enter into agreements to arbitrate 
disputes regarding services provided to such customers. Kolber 
suggested that the Codes should be amended to provide for sanctioning 
attorneys for engaging in delay tactics in arbitration. St. John's 
recommended raising the threshold for simplified arbitration from 
$50,000 to $100,000. Iannarone suggested that FINRA help ensure that 
all customer claimants have access to counsel.
    All of these comments are beyond the scope of the proposed rule 
change. However, with respect to NASAA's comment, FINRA notes that its 
rules do not require customers to enter into agreements to arbitrate 
disputes with member firms, nor do FINRA rules preclude customers from 
pursuing relief in state or federal courts. The Supreme Court has held 
that predispute arbitration agreements are enforceable as to claims 
brought under the Act.\92\
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    \92\ Until the Supreme Court's decision in Shearson/American 
Express, Inc. v. McMahon, 482 U.S. 220 (1987), the courts would not 
enforce predispute arbitration agreements relating to federal 
securities law claims. In addition, until its rescission in 1987, 
Rule 15c2-2(a) under the Act provided that: ``It shall be a 
fraudulent, manipulative or deceptive act or practice for a broker 
or dealer to enter into an agreement with any public customer which 
purports to bind the customer to the arbitration of future disputes 
between them arising under the federal securities laws, or to have 
in effect such an agreement, pursuant to which it effects 
transactions with or for a customer.'' As a result of McMahon and 
the rescission of Rule 15c2-2(a), firms can compel arbitration of 
customer claims through inclusion of predispute arbitration 
provisions in their agreements with customers. When member firms use 
mandatory arbitration clauses, FINRA rules establish minimum 
disclosure requirements regarding their use to help ensure customers 
understand these clauses, and to protect customers' rights under 
FINRA rules. See FINRA Rule 2268. See also Regulatory Notice 21-16 
(April 2021) (reminding firms about requirements when using 
predispute arbitration agreements for customer accounts).
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    With respect to Kolber's comment, FINRA notes that it does not have 
direct authority to investigate or discipline representative misconduct 
in the DRS forum.\93\ Currently, if an attorney is allegedly engaging 
in misconduct in the DRS forum, FINRA may make a referral to the 
attorney's disciplinary agency,

[[Page 105138]]

which has processes to respond to misconduct of attorneys subject to 
its jurisdiction.
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    \93\ Cf. FINRA Rule 8310 (allowing FINRA to impose sanctions on 
member firms and persons associated with member firms).
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    With respect to St. John's comment, FINRA notes that any increase 
to the $50,000 threshold for simplified arbitrations would require a 
separate proposed rule change as the focus of this proposed rule change 
is on accelerating the processing of arbitration proceedings for 
parties who qualify based on their age or health condition rather than 
claim size.
    Finally, with respect to Iannarone's comment, FINRA notes that its 
website offers several resources to help parties find an attorney.\94\
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    \94\ See Find An Attorney, https://www.finra.org/arbitration-mediation/about/find-attorney.
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III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the 
Federal Register or within such longer period (i) as the Commission may 
designate up to 90 days of such date if it finds such longer period to 
be appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to 
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
    (A) by order approve or disapprove such proposed rule change, or
    (B) institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule 
change should be disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
file number SR-FINRA-2024-021 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to file number SR-FINRA-2024-021. This 
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To 
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, 
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10 
a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of such filing also will be available for 
inspection and copying at the principal office of FINRA. Do not include 
personal identifiable information in submissions; you should submit 
only information that you wish to make available publicly. We may 
redact in part or withhold entirely from publication submitted material 
that is obscene or subject to copyright protection. All submissions 
should refer to file number SR-FINRA-2024-021 and should be submitted 
on or before January 16, 2025.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\95\
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    \95\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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J. Matthew DeLesDernier,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2024-30680 Filed 12-23-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P