Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice and Request for Comment; Older Driver Rearview Video Systems, 2168-2170 [2023-00460]
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2168
Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 8 / Thursday, January 12, 2023 / Notices
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration
[Docket No. NHTSA–2022–0108]
Agency Information Collection
Activities; Notice and Request for
Comment; Older Driver Rearview Video
Systems
National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Notice and request for
comments on a reinstatement of
previously approved information
collection.
AGENCY:
NHTSA invites public
comments about our intention to request
approval from the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) for a reinstatement
with modification of a previously
approved information collection. Before
a Federal agency can collect certain
information from the public, it must
receive approval from OMB. Under
procedures established by the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995,
before seeking OMB approval, Federal
agencies must solicit public comment
on proposed collections of information,
including extensions and reinstatement
of previously approved collections. This
document describes a collection of
information for which NHTSA intends
to seek OMB approval on Older Driver
Rearview Video Systems.
DATES: Comments must be submitted on
or before March 13, 2023.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments
identified by the Docket No. NHTSA–
2022–0108 through any of the following
methods:
• Electronic submissions: Go to the
Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments.
• Fax: (202) 493–2251.
• Mail or Hand Delivery: Docket
Management, U.S. Department of
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE, West Building, Room W12–
140, Washington, DC 20590, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except on Federal holidays. To
be sure someone is there to help you,
please call (202) 366–9322 before
coming.
Instructions: All submissions must
include the agency name and docket
number for this notice. Note that all
comments received will be posted
without change to https://
www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided. Please
see the Privacy Act heading below.
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SUMMARY:
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Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search
the electronic form of all comments
received into any of our dockets by the
name of the individual submitting the
comment (or signing the comment, if
submitted on behalf of an association,
business, labor union, etc.). You may
review DOT’s complete Privacy Act
Statement in the Federal Register
published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR
19477–78) or you may visit https://
www.transportation.gov/privacy.
Docket: For access to the docket to
read background documents or
comments received, go to https://
www.regulations.gov or the street
address listed above. Follow the online
instructions for accessing the dockets
via internet.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
additional information or access to
background documents, contact Kathy
Sifrit, Ph.D., Contracting Officer’s
Representative, Office of Behavioral
Safety Research (NPD–320), National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, W46–470,
Washington, DC 20590. Dr. Sifrit’s
phone number is 202–366–0868, and
her email address is Kathy.Sifrit@
dot.gov. Please identify the relevant
collection of information by referring to
its OMB Control Number (2127–0731).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), before an agency
submits a proposed collection of
information to OMB for approval, it
must first publish a document in the
Federal Register providing a 60-day
comment period and otherwise consult
with members of the public and affected
agencies concerning each proposed
collection of information. The OMB has
promulgated regulations describing
what must be included in such a
document. Under OMB’s regulation (at
5 CFR 1320.8(d)), an agency must ask
for public comment on the following: (a)
whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper
performance of the functions of the
agency, including whether the
information will have practical utility;
(b) the accuracy of the agency’s estimate
of the burden of the proposed collection
of information, including the validity of
the methodology and assumptions used;
(c) how to enhance the quality, utility,
and clarity of the information to be
collected; and (d) how to minimize the
burden of the collection of information
on those who are to respond, including
the use of appropriate automated,
electronic, mechanical, or other
technological collection techniques or
other forms of information technology,
e.g., permitting electronic submission of
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responses. In compliance with these
requirements, NHTSA asks for public
comments on the following proposed
collection of information for which the
agency is seeking approval from OMB.
Title: Older Driver Rearview Video
Systems.
OMB Control Number: 2127–0731.
Form Number(s): Forms 1398 and
1399.
Type of Request: Reinstatement with
modification of a previously approved
information collection (OMB Control
No. 2127–0731).
Type of Review Requested: Regular.
Requested Expiration Date of
Approval: 3 years from date of approval.
Summary of the Collection of
Information: The National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S.
Department of Transportation is seeking
approval to reinstate an information
collection to recruit 120 older licensed
drivers, 60 between ages 60 and 69 and
60 age 70 and older, for a one-time
voluntary research study to assess
whether training on the use of Rear
Video Systems (RVS) improves the
ability of older drivers to back safely.
NHTSA expects 180 volunteers will
complete screening over the telephone
or in-person to determine their
eligibility for the study. Recruiting
participants for the reinstated collection
has an estimated burden of 15 hours
(five minutes per respondent). NHTSA
expects that among the 180 who are
screened, 120 will be eligible and
willing to participate in the study.
These 120 participants will complete
informed consent forms (15 minutes per
participant or 30 burden hours),
participate in either RVS training or an
equal-time placebo group (30 minutes
per participant or 60 burden hours), and
complete a series of backing tacks on a
closed test-track (60 minutes per
participant or 120 burden hours). The
overall expected burden for screening
(15 hours) and the experiment (210
hours) is 225 hours.
NHTSA previously obtained clearance
from OMB to conduct the information
collections for Parts 1 and 2 of this onetime study. However, NHTSA was
unable to complete Part 2 of the study
as a result of the public health
emergency in 2020 and 2021. The
requested reinstatement is 135 fewer
burden hours than the previous
information collection request because
the requested reinstatement is for Part 2
only (120 participants and 225 hours)
rather than Parts 1 and 2 (200
participants and 360 hours). The
reinstatement requests fewer burden
hours because NHTSA previously
completed the first part of this
collection by observing older drivers
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Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 8 / Thursday, January 12, 2023 / Notices
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while backing for the development of
training. NHTSA is now requesting a
reinstatement to allow it to complete the
second part, which assesses the effects
of the training. NHTSA will use the
information to produce a technical
report containing summary statistics
and tables and will not report
identifying information or individual
responses. NHTSA will make the
technical report available to a variety of
audiences interested in improving
highway safety through the agency
website and the National Transportation
Library. This project involves approval
by an institutional review board, which
the contractor will obtain before
contacting potential participants. This
collection will inform the development
of behavioral safety countermeasures to
improve older driver safety, particularly
older driver training.
Description of the Need for the
Information and Proposed Use of the
Information: Older adults comprise an
increasing proportion of the driving
population.1 The independent mobility
that driving confers improves older
adults’ access to the goods and services
they need and enhances their ability to
take part in community and family
activities that support quality of life.
New vehicle technologies, like RVS,
may help compensate for some agerelated deficits and keep older adults
driving safely.
The theory underpinning the
assumption that older drivers have an
elevated safety risk associated with
backing crashes is based upon known
age-related deficits. Many older drivers
have musculoskeletal difficulties that
limit their ability to turn and scan
behind the vehicle. For example, Chen
et al. (2015) found that older drivers had
less neck and trunk rotation and were
less successful in detecting targets
requiring body rotation in a driving
simulator.2 Aging also diminishes the
visual search, visual information
processing, and divided attention
capabilities needed to be alert to
possible conflicts from cross traffic
when backing from a driveway or
parking space. Deficits in visual
scanning among older drivers have been
reported in numerous studies. For
example, Pollatsek et al. (2012) found
that older drivers were less likely to
1 National Center for Statistics and Analysis.
(2022, July). 2020 older population fact sheet.
(Traffic Safety Facts. Report No. DOT HS 813 341).
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Available at https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/
Public/ViewPublication/812372.
2 Chen, K.B., Xu, X., Lin J.H., & Radwin, R.G.
(2015). ‘‘Evaluation of older driver head functional
range of motion using portable immersive virtual
reality.’’ Experimental gerontology, 70, 150–156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.010.
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focus their visual attention on areas
with potential hazards than younger
experienced drivers at intersections in a
simulator and on-the-road.3
An analysis of NHTSA’s Non-Traffic
Surveillance from 2012 through 2014
indicated that older drivers were
involved in an estimated 19,000 backing
crashes a year that resulted in death or
injury. This represented 22% of all nontraffic backing crashes. Older drivers
represented 17% of all licensed drivers
but accounted for 22% of all non-traffic
backing crashes during this period,
indicating an over-representation in
non-traffic backing crashes per licensed
driver. Studies have found that the most
frequent error among older drivers
involved in crashes is failure to yield
the right-of-way. For example, Cicchino
and McCartt (2015) found that ‘‘the most
frequent error made by crash-involved
drivers ages 70 and older was
inadequate surveillance, which
included looking but not seeing and
failing to look.’’ 4 The fact that older
drivers are at elevated risk of crashes
due to inadequate surveillance
compared to younger drivers may
explain their over-representation in
backing crashes per licensed driver.
RVS is expected to offer more
potential benefits to older drivers than
younger drivers because older drivers
have more room for improvement due to
the age-related decline in the ability to
rotate one’s body. It may also
compensate for the fact that older
drivers are more likely to have
inadequate surveillance or scanning
than younger drivers. One published
article addressed this question. Cichino
(2017) found that RVS reduced backing
crash involvement among drivers 70
and older by 36% compared to 16% for
drivers younger than 70, but the
difference was not statistically
significant. The study also found that
backing sensors reduced backing crash
involvement for drivers 70 and older by
38% compared to no effectiveness for
drivers younger than 70, which was a
statistically significant difference.5
Affected Public: The potential
respondent universe is comprised of all
residents of the New River Valley and
3 Pollatsek, A., Romoser, M.R., & Fisher, D.L.
(2012). ‘‘Identifying and remediating failures of
selective attention in older drivers.’’ Current
directions in psychological science, 21(1), 3–7.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429459.
4 Cicchino, J.B. and McCartt, A.T. (2015). ‘‘Critical
older driver errors in a sample of serious U.S.
crashes.’’ Accident analysis and prevention, 80,
211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.015.
5 Cichino, J.B. (2017). ‘‘Effects of rearview
cameras and rear parking sensors on police-reported
backing crashes.’’ Traffic injury prevention, 18(8),
859–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/
15389588.2017.1317758.
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2169
Roanoke Valley regions in Virginia who
are age 60 and older. From this
universe, the new data collection
screening questionnaire will be
administered to an estimated 180
potential participants to qualify a total
sample of 120 volunteer drivers, 60
between ages 60 and 69 and 60 who are
70 and older.
Estimated Number of Respondents:
The study anticipates screening 180
potential participants to obtain 120
older drivers who meet study inclusion
criteria. NHTSA expects to collect
information either over the telephone or
in-person from up to 180 potential
participants to determine their
eligibility for the study. Based upon
previous research experience in the
study area, an estimated 120 potential
participants (65% of those who respond
to screener questions) will be eligible
and interested. The 120 participants are
expected to consent and complete the
study.
Frequency: This study is a one-time
information collection, and there will be
no recurrence.
Estimated Total Annual Burden
Hours: 225 hours.
Estimated Total Annual Burden Cost:
$6,057.
The contractor will use a screening
questionnaire (Form 1398) to identify
120 drivers (60 between ages 60 and 69
and 60 age 70 and older) who are
properly qualified and choose to
participate in the study. Participants
will answer the screening questionnaire
items either over the phone or in person
to determine if they qualify for the
study. Respondents are expected to take
an estimated average of 5 minutes to
complete the initial screening resulting
in 15 burden hours for screening up to
180 potential participants. It is
estimated that 65% of those who begin
the screening process will be eligible
and interested in participating. As such,
we anticipate screening up to 180
individuals to recruit an estimated 120
potential participants for the consenting
process. The consenting process
includes an overview of the study and
an explanation of the form (Form 1399).
Respondents are expected to take an
average of 15 minutes for the consenting
process including reviewing and
completing the form resulting in 30
burden hours. The 120 participants will
complete study activities with an
estimated burden of 90 minutes per
participant for a total estimated burden
of 180 hours.
Table 1 describes the calculation of
the estimated burden hours for a total of
225 annual hours. To calculate the
opportunity cost to participants in this
study, NHTSA used the average (mean)
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Federal Register / Vol. 88, No. 8 / Thursday, January 12, 2023 / Notices
hourly earnings from employers in all
industry sectors in the State of Virginia,
which the Bureau of Labor Statistics
lists at $28.92.6 NHTSA estimated the
opportunity cost for each form (and
associated study activities) and arrived
at a total opportunity cost of $6,057.
TABLE 1—BURDEN ESTIMATES
Burden
(minutes) per
respondent
Total burden hours
(reinstated collection)
Total labor costs
(reinstated collection)
Form 1398:
Telephone Screening .......................................................
Form 1399:
Informed Consent .............................................................
Backing Performance Evaluation .....................................
Training Protocol/Placebo ................................................
5
180
15
$434
15
60
30
........................
120
120
30
120
60
868
3,470
1,735
Total Form 1399: .......................................................
........................
120
210
6,073
Total estimated burden hours and labor costs ..
........................
........................
225
6,057
Public Comments Invited: You are
asked to comment on any aspects of this
information collection, including (a)
whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper
performance of the functions of the
Department, including whether the
information will have practical utility;
(b) the accuracy of the Department’s
estimate of the burden of the proposed
information collection; (c) ways to
enhance the quality, utility and clarity
of the information to be collected; and
(d) ways to minimize the burden of the
collection of information on
respondents, including the use of
automated collection techniques or
other forms of information technology.
Authority: The Paperwork Reduction
Act of 1995; 44 U.S.C. Chapter 35, as
amended; 49 CFR 1.49; and DOT Order
1351.29A.
Nanda Narayanan Srinivasan,
Associate Administrator, Research and
Program Development.
[FR Doc. 2023–00460 Filed 1–11–23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–59–P
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
Proposed Collection; Comment
Request for Application for Extension
of Time To File Certain Employee Plan
Returns
Internal Revenue Service (IRS),
Treasury.
ACTION: Notice and request for
comments.
AGENCY:
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with NOTICES
Respondents
(reinstated
collection)
The Internal Revenue Service,
as part of its continuing effort to reduce
paperwork and respondent burden,
SUMMARY:
invites the general public and other
Federal agencies to take this
opportunity to comment on continuing
information collections, as required by
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
The IRS is soliciting comments
concerning application for extension of
time to file certain employee plan
returns.
DATES: Written comments should be
received on or before March 13, 2023 to
be assured of consideration.
ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments
to Andres Garcia, Internal Revenue
Service, Room 6526, 1111 Constitution
Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20224, or
by email to pra.comments@irs.gov.
Include OMB control number 1545–
0212 or Application for Extension of
Time To File Certain Employee Plan
Returns.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Requests for additional information or
copies of the form should be directed to
Kerry Dennis at (202) 317–5751, or at
Internal Revenue Service, Room 6526,
1111 Constitution Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20224, or through the
internet, at Kerry.L.Dennis@irs.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Title: Application for Extension of
Time To File Certain Employee Plan
Returns.
OMB Number: 1545–0212.
Form Number: 5558.
Abstract: This form is used by
employers to request an extension of
time to file the employee plan annual
information return/report (Form 5500
series) or the employee plan excise tax
return (Form 5330). The data supplied
on Form 5558 is used to determine if
such extension of time is warranted.
Current Actions: There is no change to
the form, however there is an increase
in the estimated number of respondents
previously approved by OMB.
Type of Review: Revision of a
currently approved collection.
Affected Public: Business or other forprofit organizations, and not-for-profit
institutions.
Estimated Number of Respondents:
671,189.
Estimated Time per Respondent: 1
hours, 11 minutes.
Estimated Total Annual Burden
Hours: 798,715 hours.
The following paragraph applies to all
the collections of information covered
by this notice.
An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to
respond to, a collection of information
unless the collection of information
displays a valid OMB control number.
Books or records relating to a collection
of information must be retained if their
contents may become material in the
administration of any internal revenue
law. Generally, tax returns and tax
return information are confidential, as
required by 26 U.S.C. 6103.
Request for Comments: Comments
submitted in response to this notice will
be summarized and/or included in the
request for OMB approval. All
comments will become a matter of
public record. Comments are invited on:
(a) whether the collection of information
is necessary for the proper performance
of the functions of the agency, including
whether the information shall have
practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the
agency’s estimate of the burden of the
collection of information; (c) ways to
enhance the quality, utility, and clarity
of the information to be collected; (d)
ways to minimize the burden of the
collection of information on
respondents, including through the use
6 May 2021. See https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/
oes_va.htm#00-0000.
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]]>Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 8 (Thursday, January 12, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 2168-2170]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-00460]
[[Page 2168]]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
[Docket No. NHTSA-2022-0108]
Agency Information Collection Activities; Notice and Request for
Comment; Older Driver Rearview Video Systems
AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Notice and request for comments on a reinstatement of
previously approved information collection.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: NHTSA invites public comments about our intention to request
approval from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for a
reinstatement with modification of a previously approved information
collection. Before a Federal agency can collect certain information
from the public, it must receive approval from OMB. Under procedures
established by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, before seeking OMB
approval, Federal agencies must solicit public comment on proposed
collections of information, including extensions and reinstatement of
previously approved collections. This document describes a collection
of information for which NHTSA intends to seek OMB approval on Older
Driver Rearview Video Systems.
DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before March 13, 2023.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by the Docket No. NHTSA-
2022-0108 through any of the following methods:
Electronic submissions: Go to the Federal eRulemaking
Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions
for submitting comments.
Fax: (202) 493-2251.
Mail or Hand Delivery: Docket Management, U.S. Department
of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, West Building, Room W12-
140, Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except on Federal holidays. To be sure someone is there to help
you, please call (202) 366-9322 before coming.
Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and
docket number for this notice. Note that all comments received will be
posted without change to https://www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided. Please see the Privacy Act heading
below.
Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-78) or you may visit https://www.transportation.gov/privacy.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov or the street
address listed above. Follow the online instructions for accessing the
dockets via internet.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For additional information or access
to background documents, contact Kathy Sifrit, Ph.D., Contracting
Officer's Representative, Office of Behavioral Safety Research (NPD-
320), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE, W46-470, Washington, DC 20590. Dr. Sifrit's phone number is
202-366-0868, and her email address is [email protected]. Please
identify the relevant collection of information by referring to its OMB
Control Number (2127-0731).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), before an agency submits a proposed
collection of information to OMB for approval, it must first publish a
document in the Federal Register providing a 60-day comment period and
otherwise consult with members of the public and affected agencies
concerning each proposed collection of information. The OMB has
promulgated regulations describing what must be included in such a
document. Under OMB's regulation (at 5 CFR 1320.8(d)), an agency must
ask for public comment on the following: (a) whether the proposed
collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of
the functions of the agency, including whether the information will
have practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the agency's estimate of
the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the
validity of the methodology and assumptions used; (c) how to enhance
the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected;
and (d) how to minimize the burden of the collection of information on
those who are to respond, including the use of appropriate automated,
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or
other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic
submission of responses. In compliance with these requirements, NHTSA
asks for public comments on the following proposed collection of
information for which the agency is seeking approval from OMB.
Title: Older Driver Rearview Video Systems.
OMB Control Number: 2127-0731.
Form Number(s): Forms 1398 and 1399.
Type of Request: Reinstatement with modification of a previously
approved information collection (OMB Control No. 2127-0731).
Type of Review Requested: Regular.
Requested Expiration Date of Approval: 3 years from date of
approval.
Summary of the Collection of Information: The National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation
is seeking approval to reinstate an information collection to recruit
120 older licensed drivers, 60 between ages 60 and 69 and 60 age 70 and
older, for a one-time voluntary research study to assess whether
training on the use of Rear Video Systems (RVS) improves the ability of
older drivers to back safely. NHTSA expects 180 volunteers will
complete screening over the telephone or in-person to determine their
eligibility for the study. Recruiting participants for the reinstated
collection has an estimated burden of 15 hours (five minutes per
respondent). NHTSA expects that among the 180 who are screened, 120
will be eligible and willing to participate in the study. These 120
participants will complete informed consent forms (15 minutes per
participant or 30 burden hours), participate in either RVS training or
an equal-time placebo group (30 minutes per participant or 60 burden
hours), and complete a series of backing tacks on a closed test-track
(60 minutes per participant or 120 burden hours). The overall expected
burden for screening (15 hours) and the experiment (210 hours) is 225
hours.
NHTSA previously obtained clearance from OMB to conduct the
information collections for Parts 1 and 2 of this one-time study.
However, NHTSA was unable to complete Part 2 of the study as a result
of the public health emergency in 2020 and 2021. The requested
reinstatement is 135 fewer burden hours than the previous information
collection request because the requested reinstatement is for Part 2
only (120 participants and 225 hours) rather than Parts 1 and 2 (200
participants and 360 hours). The reinstatement requests fewer burden
hours because NHTSA previously completed the first part of this
collection by observing older drivers
[[Page 2169]]
while backing for the development of training. NHTSA is now requesting
a reinstatement to allow it to complete the second part, which assesses
the effects of the training. NHTSA will use the information to produce
a technical report containing summary statistics and tables and will
not report identifying information or individual responses. NHTSA will
make the technical report available to a variety of audiences
interested in improving highway safety through the agency website and
the National Transportation Library. This project involves approval by
an institutional review board, which the contractor will obtain before
contacting potential participants. This collection will inform the
development of behavioral safety countermeasures to improve older
driver safety, particularly older driver training.
Description of the Need for the Information and Proposed Use of the
Information: Older adults comprise an increasing proportion of the
driving population.\1\ The independent mobility that driving confers
improves older adults' access to the goods and services they need and
enhances their ability to take part in community and family activities
that support quality of life. New vehicle technologies, like RVS, may
help compensate for some age-related deficits and keep older adults
driving safely.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2022, July).
2020 older population fact sheet. (Traffic Safety Facts. Report No.
DOT HS 813 341). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Available at https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812372.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The theory underpinning the assumption that older drivers have an
elevated safety risk associated with backing crashes is based upon
known age-related deficits. Many older drivers have musculoskeletal
difficulties that limit their ability to turn and scan behind the
vehicle. For example, Chen et al. (2015) found that older drivers had
less neck and trunk rotation and were less successful in detecting
targets requiring body rotation in a driving simulator.\2\ Aging also
diminishes the visual search, visual information processing, and
divided attention capabilities needed to be alert to possible conflicts
from cross traffic when backing from a driveway or parking space.
Deficits in visual scanning among older drivers have been reported in
numerous studies. For example, Pollatsek et al. (2012) found that older
drivers were less likely to focus their visual attention on areas with
potential hazards than younger experienced drivers at intersections in
a simulator and on-the-road.\3\
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\2\ Chen, K.B., Xu, X., Lin J.H., & Radwin, R.G. (2015).
``Evaluation of older driver head functional range of motion using
portable immersive virtual reality.'' Experimental gerontology, 70,
150-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.010.
\3\ Pollatsek, A., Romoser, M.R., & Fisher, D.L. (2012).
``Identifying and remediating failures of selective attention in
older drivers.'' Current directions in psychological science, 21(1),
3-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429459.
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An analysis of NHTSA's Non-Traffic Surveillance from 2012 through
2014 indicated that older drivers were involved in an estimated 19,000
backing crashes a year that resulted in death or injury. This
represented 22% of all non-traffic backing crashes. Older drivers
represented 17% of all licensed drivers but accounted for 22% of all
non-traffic backing crashes during this period, indicating an over-
representation in non-traffic backing crashes per licensed driver.
Studies have found that the most frequent error among older drivers
involved in crashes is failure to yield the right-of-way. For example,
Cicchino and McCartt (2015) found that ``the most frequent error made
by crash-involved drivers ages 70 and older was inadequate
surveillance, which included looking but not seeing and failing to
look.'' \4\ The fact that older drivers are at elevated risk of crashes
due to inadequate surveillance compared to younger drivers may explain
their over-representation in backing crashes per licensed driver.
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\4\ Cicchino, J.B. and McCartt, A.T. (2015). ``Critical older
driver errors in a sample of serious U.S. crashes.'' Accident
analysis and prevention, 80, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.04.015.
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RVS is expected to offer more potential benefits to older drivers
than younger drivers because older drivers have more room for
improvement due to the age-related decline in the ability to rotate
one's body. It may also compensate for the fact that older drivers are
more likely to have inadequate surveillance or scanning than younger
drivers. One published article addressed this question. Cichino (2017)
found that RVS reduced backing crash involvement among drivers 70 and
older by 36% compared to 16% for drivers younger than 70, but the
difference was not statistically significant. The study also found that
backing sensors reduced backing crash involvement for drivers 70 and
older by 38% compared to no effectiveness for drivers younger than 70,
which was a statistically significant difference.\5\
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\5\ Cichino, J.B. (2017). ``Effects of rearview cameras and rear
parking sensors on police-reported backing crashes.'' Traffic injury
prevention, 18(8), 859-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2017.1317758.
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Affected Public: The potential respondent universe is comprised of
all residents of the New River Valley and Roanoke Valley regions in
Virginia who are age 60 and older. From this universe, the new data
collection screening questionnaire will be administered to an estimated
180 potential participants to qualify a total sample of 120 volunteer
drivers, 60 between ages 60 and 69 and 60 who are 70 and older.
Estimated Number of Respondents: The study anticipates screening
180 potential participants to obtain 120 older drivers who meet study
inclusion criteria. NHTSA expects to collect information either over
the telephone or in-person from up to 180 potential participants to
determine their eligibility for the study. Based upon previous research
experience in the study area, an estimated 120 potential participants
(65% of those who respond to screener questions) will be eligible and
interested. The 120 participants are expected to consent and complete
the study.
Frequency: This study is a one-time information collection, and
there will be no recurrence.
Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 225 hours.
Estimated Total Annual Burden Cost: $6,057.
The contractor will use a screening questionnaire (Form 1398) to
identify 120 drivers (60 between ages 60 and 69 and 60 age 70 and
older) who are properly qualified and choose to participate in the
study. Participants will answer the screening questionnaire items
either over the phone or in person to determine if they qualify for the
study. Respondents are expected to take an estimated average of 5
minutes to complete the initial screening resulting in 15 burden hours
for screening up to 180 potential participants. It is estimated that
65% of those who begin the screening process will be eligible and
interested in participating. As such, we anticipate screening up to 180
individuals to recruit an estimated 120 potential participants for the
consenting process. The consenting process includes an overview of the
study and an explanation of the form (Form 1399). Respondents are
expected to take an average of 15 minutes for the consenting process
including reviewing and completing the form resulting in 30 burden
hours. The 120 participants will complete study activities with an
estimated burden of 90 minutes per participant for a total estimated
burden of 180 hours.
Table 1 describes the calculation of the estimated burden hours for
a total of 225 annual hours. To calculate the opportunity cost to
participants in this study, NHTSA used the average (mean)
[[Page 2170]]
hourly earnings from employers in all industry sectors in the State of
Virginia, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics lists at $28.92.\6\
NHTSA estimated the opportunity cost for each form (and associated
study activities) and arrived at a total opportunity cost of $6,057.
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\6\ May 2021. See https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_va.htm#00-0000.
Table 1--Burden Estimates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Burden Respondents Total burden hours Total labor costs
(minutes) per (reinstated (reinstated (reinstated
respondent collection) collection) collection)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Form 1398:
Telephone Screening............. 5 180 15 $434
Form 1399:
Informed Consent................ 15 .............. 30 868
Backing Performance Evaluation.. 60 120 120 3,470
Training Protocol/Placebo....... 30 120 60 1,735
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Total Form 1399:............ .............. 120 210 6,073
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Total estimated burden .............. .............. 225 6,057
hours and labor costs..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Comments Invited: You are asked to comment on any aspects of
this information collection, including (a) whether the proposed
collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of
the functions of the Department, including whether the information will
have practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the Department's estimate
of the burden of the proposed information collection; (c) ways to
enhance the quality, utility and clarity of the information to be
collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the collection of
information on respondents, including the use of automated collection
techniques or other forms of information technology.
Authority: The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; 44 U.S.C. Chapter
35, as amended; 49 CFR 1.49; and DOT Order 1351.29A.
Nanda Narayanan Srinivasan,
Associate Administrator, Research and Program Development.
[FR Doc. 2023-00460 Filed 1-11-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
