Justia Agencies And Commissions Securities And Exchange Commission Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Amendment No. 1 and Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Adopt Rules Governing the Trading of Equity Securities on the Exchange Through a Facility of the Exchange Known as the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC, 49416-49456 [2021-18947]

Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Amendment No. 1 and Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Adopt Rules Governing the Trading of Equity Securities on the Exchange Through a Facility of the Exchange Known as the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC, 49416-49456 [2021-18947]

Download as PDF 49416 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34–92796; File No. SR–BOX– 2021–06] Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Amendment No. 1 and Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Adopt Rules Governing the Trading of Equity Securities on the Exchange Through a Facility of the Exchange Known as the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC August 27, 2021. On May 12, 2021, BOX Exchange LLC (‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘BOX’’) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to adopt rules governing the listing and trading of equity securities that would be NMS stocks on the Exchange through a facility of the Exchange known as the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC (‘‘BSTX’’). The proposed rule change was published for comment in the Federal Register on June 2, 2021.3 On July 13, 2021, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,4 the Commission designated a longer period within which to approve the proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule change, or institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule change.5 On August 18, 2021, the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change, which replaced and superseded the proposed rule change as originally filed.6 The 1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1). CFR 240.19b–4. 3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92017 (May 25, 2021), 86 FR 29634 (‘‘Notice’’). Comments on the proposed rule change can be found at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-box-2021-06/ srbox202106.htm. 4 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2). 5 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92387 (July 13, 2021), 86 FR 38140 (July 19, 2021). The Commission designated August 31, 2021 as the date by which the Commission shall approve or disapprove, or institute proceedings to determine whether to approve or disapprove, the proposed rule change. 6 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange revised the proposal to: (i) Eliminate the proposed suspension of unlisted trading privileges for thinly traded securities; (ii) modify proposed rule text regarding the order parameter that would allow participants to indicate a preference for same day (‘‘T+0’’) or next day (‘‘T+1’’) settlement to clarify that, based on how the preferences of the two sides of an executed trade compare, the Exchange will transmit matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement as indicated to the extent that such settlement timing may be permitted under the lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 2 17 VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Commission is publishing this notice and order to solicit comments on the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, from interested persons, and to institute proceedings pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act 7 to determine whether to approve or disapprove the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1. I. The Exchange’s Description of the Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1 Pursuant to the provisions of Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (‘‘Exchange Act’’),8 BOX Exchange LLC (‘‘BOX’’ or the ‘‘Exchange’’) is filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’) a proposed rule change to adopt rules to govern the trading of equity securities on the Exchange through a facility of the Exchange known as Boston Security Token Exchange LLC (‘‘BSTX’’). As described more fully below, BSTX would operate a fully automated, price/time priority execution system for the trading of ‘‘Securities,’’ which would be equity securities that meet BSTX listing standards and for which certain information regarding orders and executions on BSTX would be recorded and disseminated on a proprietary market data feed that BSTX operates using a proprietary blockchain system (‘‘BSTX Market Data Blockchain’’). The proposed additions to the Exchange’s Rules setting forth new Rule Series 17000–29000 have been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 5A. All text set forth in Exhibit 5A would be added to the Exchange’s rules and therefore underlining of the text is omitted to improve readability. Forms proposed to be used in connection with the proposed rule change, such as the application to become a BSTX rules, policies, and procedures of the registered clearing agency; (iii) modify aspects of the proposed market data blockchain to remove the Exchange’s ability to change the content of the market data blockchain through a regulatory circular, remove the unique identification number from the types of member-specific market data, specify that anonymized, general market data will pertain to displayed orders, and add that the Exchange may provide permission for non-members to view the anonymized, general market data; (iv) add rule text regarding the Exchange’s proposed market data products; (v) eliminate a proposed rule regarding issuer conversion of a security to listing on BSTX; (vi) provide additional description of several aspects of the proposal, including the market data blockchain and the possibility to settle on a T+0 or T+1 basis; and (vii) make technical and conforming changes. Amendment No. 1 is available on the Commission’s website at: https://www.sec.gov/ comments/sr-box-2021-06/srbox202106-9159349247726.pdf. 7 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B). 8 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1). PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 Participant, have been submitted with the proposal as Exhibits 3A through 3L. In addition, the Exchange proposes to make certain amendments to several existing BOX Rules to facilitate trading on BSTX. The proposed changes to the existing BOX Rules would not change the core purpose of the subject Rules or the functionality of other BOX trading systems and facilities. Specifically, the Exchange is seeking to amend BOX Rules 100, 2020, 2060, 3180, 7130, 7150, 7230, 7245, IM–8050–3, 11010, 11030 and 12140. These proposed changes are set forth in Exhibit 5B. Material proposed to be added to the Rule as currently in effect is underlined and material proposed to be deleted is bracketed. All capitalized terms not defined herein have the same meaning as set forth in the Exchange’s Rules.9 The text of the proposed rule change is available from the principal office of the Exchange, at the Commission’s Public Reference Room and also on the Exchange’s internet website at https:// boxoptions.com. II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change In its filing with the Commission, the self-regulatory organization included statements concerning the purpose of, and basis for, the proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in Item IV below. The self-regulatory organization has prepared summaries, set forth in Sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements. A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change 1. Purpose The Exchange is proposing to adopt a series of rules to govern the trading of certain equity securities through a facility of the Exchange known as BSTX and make certain amendments to the existing BOX rules to facilitate trading on BSTX. As described more fully below, BSTX would operate a fully automated, price/time priority execution system (‘‘BSTX System’’) for the trading of certain equity securities that would be considered ‘‘Securities’’ under the proposed rules. The 9 The Exchange’s Rules can be found on the Exchange’s public website: https://boxoptions.com/ regulatory/rulebook-filings/. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices ‘‘Securities’’ 10 under the proposed rules would be equity securities that meet BSTX listing standards and that trade on the BSTX System. The Exchange would operate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would record certain information regarding orders and transactions occurring on BSTX with respect to Securities. All BOX Participants would be eligible to participate in BSTX provided that they become a BSTX Participant pursuant to the proposed rules. Under the proposed rules, BSTX would serve as the listing market for eligible companies and issuers of exchange traded products (‘‘ETPs’’) that wish to issue their registered securities as Securities. Securities would trade as NMS stock.11 The Exchange is not proposing rules that would support its extension of unlisted trading privileges (‘‘UTP’’) to other NMS stock, and accordingly the Exchange does not intend to extend any such UTP in connection with this proposal. The Exchange would therefore only trade Securities listed on BSTX unless and until it proposes and receives Commission approval for rules that would support trading in other types of securities, including through any extension of UTP to other NMS stock. A guide to the structure of the proposed rule change is described immediately below. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Guide to the Scope of the Proposed Rule Change The proposal for trading of Securities through BSTX generally involves changes to existing BOX Rules and new BOX Rules pertaining specifically to BSTX (‘‘BSTX Rules’’). In addition, the Exchange plans to submit a separate proposed rule change pertaining to BSTX’s corporate governance documents. To support the trading of Securities through BSTX, certain conforming changes are proposed to existing BOX Rules and entirely new BSTX Rules are also proposed as Rule Series 17000 through 29000.12 Each of those new Rule Series and the provisions thereunder are described in greater detail below. Where the BSTX Rules are based on existing rules of another national securities exchange, the source rule from the relevant exchange is noted along with a discussion of notable differences 10 As discussed further below, BSTX proposes to use the term ‘‘Security’’ to refer to BSTX-listed securities to distinguish them from other securities issued by an issuer that the issuer does not list on BSTX. 11 17 CFR 242.600(b)(48). 12 The proposed changes to BOX Rules and the proposed BSTX Rules have been submitted with this proposal as Exhibits 5B and 5A, respectively. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 between the source rule and the proposed BSTX Rule. The proposed BSTX Rules are addressed in Part III below and they generally cover the following areas: • Section 17000—General Provisions of BSTX; • Section 18000—Participation on BSTX; • Section 19000—Business Conduct for BSTX Participants; • Section 20000—Financial and Operational Rules for BSTX Participants; • Section 21000—Supervision; • Section 22000—Miscellaneous Provisions; • Section 23000—Trading Practice Rules; • Section 24000—Discipline and Summary Suspension; • Section 25000—Trading Rules; • Section 25200—Market Making on BSTX; • Section 26000—BSTX Listing Rules Other Than for Exchange Traded Products; • Section 27000—Suspension and Delisting; • Section 27100—Guide to Filing Requirements; • Section 27200—Procedures for Review of Exchange Listing Determinations; and • Section 28000—Trading and Listing of Exchange Traded Products; • Section 29000—Dues, Fees, Assessments and Other Charges. Overview of BSTX and Considerations Related to the Listing, Trading and Clearance and Settlement of Securities The Joint Venture and Ownership of BSTX On June 19, 2018, t0.com Inc. (‘‘tZERO’’) and BOX Digital Markets LLC (‘‘BOX Digital’’) announced a joint venture to facilitate the trading of Securities on the Exchange.13 As part of the joint venture, BOX Digital, which is a subsidiary of BOX Holdings Group LLC, and tZERO each own 50% of the voting class of equity and over 45% economic interest of BSTX LLC. Pursuant to the BSTX LLC Agreement, BOX Digital and tZERO will perform certain specified functions with respect to the operation of BSTX. As noted, these details, as well as the proposed governance structure of the joint venture will be the subject of a separate 13 See tZERO and BOX Digital Markets Sign Deal to Create Joint Venture, Business Wire (June 19, 2018), https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/ 20180619005897/en/tZERO-and-BOX-DigitalMarkets-Sign-Deal-to-Create-Joint-Venture. PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49417 proposed rule change that the Exchange will submit to the Commission. BSTX Would Be a Facility of BOX That Would Support Trading in the New Asset Class of Securities for BOX BSTX would operate as a facility 14 of BOX, which is a national securities exchange registered with the SEC. As a facility of BOX, BSTX’s operations would be subject to applicable requirements in Sections 6 and 19 of the Exchange Act, among other applicable rules and regulations.15 Currently, BOX functions as an exchange only for standardized options. At the time that BSTX commences operations it would support trading in Securities that are equity securities (including certain ETPs), as descried in more detail below. Accordingly, the proposal represents a new asset class for BOX, and the discussion below sets forth the changes and additions to the Exchange’s Rules to support the trading of equity securities as Securities on BSTX. The Exchange proposes to use the term ‘‘Security’’ 16 to describe a NMS stock trading on the BSTX system. The legal significance, therefore, of a ‘‘Security’’ is that it would be an equity security that is approved for listing on BSTX and that trades on the BSTX System. A security that is offered by an issuer with the intent of it becoming listed on BSTX would therefore not become a ‘‘Security’’ under the proposed BSTX Rules unless and until it actually does become listed on BSTX and trades on the BSTX System.17 Securities Would Be NMS Stocks The Securities would qualify as NMS stocks pursuant to Regulation NMS,18 which defines the term ‘‘NMS security’’ in relevant part to mean ‘‘any security or class of securities for which transaction reports are collected, processed and made available pursuant to an effective transaction reporting plan 14 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(2). Section 3(a)(2) of the Exchange Act, provides that ‘‘the term ‘facility’ when used with respect to an exchange includes its premises, tangible or intangible property whether on the premises or not, any right to the use of such premises or property or any service thereof for the purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction on an exchange (including, among other things, any system of communication to or from the exchange, by ticker or otherwise, maintained by or with the consent of the exchange), and any right of the exchange to the use of any property or service.’’ Because BSTX will share certain systems of the Exchange, BSTX would be a facility of the Exchange. 15 15 U.S.C. 78f; 15 U.S.C. 78s. 16 The Exchange proposes to define the term ‘‘Security’’ to mean a NMS stock, as defined in Rule 600(b)(47) of the Exchange Act, trading on the BSTX System. See proposed Rule 17000(a)(31). 17 Id. 18 17 CFR 242.600 through 613. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49418 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices . . . .’’ 19 The Exchange plans to join existing transaction reporting plans, as discussed in Part VIII below, for the purposes of Security quotation and transaction reporting.20 The term ‘‘NMS stock’’ means ‘‘any NMS security other than an option’’ 21 and therefore Securities traded on BSTX would be classified as NMS stock. Securities would meet the definition of NMS stock and would trade, clear, and settle in the same manner as all other NMS stocks traded today. As described in further detail below, the operation of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would in no way modify or alter market participants’ obligations under Regulation NMS. BSTX Would Support Trading of Registered Securities All Securities traded on BSTX would generally be required to be registered with the Commission under both Section 12 of the Exchange Act 22 and Section 6 of the Securities Act of 1933 (‘‘Securities Act’’).23 BSTX would not support trading of Securities offered under an exemption from registration for public offerings, with the exception of certain offerings under Regulation A that meet the proposed BSTX listing standards. Issuance and Clearance and Settlement of Securities BSTX would maintain certain rules, as described below, to address custody, clearance and settlement in connection with Securities. All transactions in Securities would clear and settle in accordance with the rules, policies and procedures of registered clearing agencies. Specifically, BSTX anticipates that at the time it commences operations, Securities that are listed and traded on BSTX would be securities that have been made eligible for services by The Depository Trust Company (‘‘DTC’’) and that DTC would serve as the securities depository 24 for such 19 17 CFR 242.600(b)(47). CFR 242.601(a)(1). The Rule states in relevant part that ‘‘every national securities exchange shall file [with the SEC] a transaction reporting plan regarding transactions in listed equity and Nasdaq securities executed through its facilities . . . .’’ 21 17 CFR 242.600(b)(47). 22 15 U.S.C. 78l. 23 15 U.S.C. 77f. 24 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(23)(A). Section 3(a)(23)(A) of the Exchange Act defines the term ‘‘clearing agency’’ to include ‘‘any person, such as a securities depository, who (i) acts as a custodian of securities in connection with a system for the handling of securities whereby all securities of a particular class or series of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred, loaned, or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of securities certificates, or (ii) lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 20 17 VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Securities. It is also expected that confirmed trades in Securities on BSTX would be transmitted to National Securities Clearing Corporation (‘‘NSCC’’) for clearing such that NSCC would clear the trades through its systems to produce settlement obligations that would be due for settlement between participants at DTC. BSTX believes that this custody, clearance and settlement structure is the same general structure that exists today for other exchange-traded equity securities. Importantly, for purposes of NSCC’s clearing activities and DTC’s settlement activities in respect of the Securities, the relevant Securities would be cleared and settled by NSCC and DTC in exactly the same manner as those activities are performed by NSCC and DTC currently regarding a class of NMS Stock. The operation of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain will have no impact or effect on the manner in which a Security clears and settles. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be implemented through the operation of the proposed BSTX Rules and would occur separate and apart from the clearance and settlement process. The Security would be an ordinary equity security for NSCC’s and DTC’s purposes. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be a separate set of market data that uses distributed ledger technology to record certain order and transaction information regarding orders and transactions in Securities on BSTX. Issuance of Equity Securities Eligible To Become a Security With the exception of certain offerings under Regulation A that meet the proposed BSTX listing standards, all Securities traded on BSTX will have been offered and sold in registered offerings under the Securities Act, which means that purchasers of the Securities will benefit from all of the protections of registration. The Division of Corporation Finance will need to make a public interest finding in order to accelerate the effectiveness of the registration statements for these offerings. Because BSTX would be a facility of a national securities exchange, all Securities would be registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, thereby subjecting all of these issuers to the reporting regime in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. All offerings of securities that are intended to be listed as Securities on otherwise permits or facilitates the settlement of securities transactions or the hypothecation or lending of securities without physical delivery of securities certificates.’’ PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 BSTX would be conducted in the same general manner in which offerings of exchange-listed equity securities are conducted today under the federal securities laws. An issuer will enter into a firm commitment or best efforts underwriting agreement with a sole underwriter or underwriting syndicate; the underwriter(s) will market the securities and distribute them to purchasers; and secondary trading in the securities (that are intended to trade on BSTX as Securities) will thereafter commence on BSTX. Issuers on BSTX could include both (1) new issuers who do not currently have any class of securities registered on a national securities exchange, and (2) issuers who currently have securities registered on a national securities exchange and who are seeking registration of a separate class of equity securities for listing on BSTX as Securities. BSTX does not intend for Securities listed, or intended to be listed, on BSTX to be fungible with any other class of securities from the same issuer.25 If an issuer sought to list securities on BSTX that are not a separate class of an issuer’s securities, BSTX does not intend to approve such a class of security for listing on BSTX as a Security, pursuant to BSTX’s authority under BSTX Rule 26101. However, an issuer would be free to pursue listing of the same class of the Security on another national securities exchange if it so chose, just as the Exchange understands issuers are able to do in respect of their securities today. At the commencement of BSTX’s operations, certain equities (including ETPs) would be eligible for listing as Securities. This would be addressed by BSTX Rules 26102 (Equity Issues), 26103 (Preferred Securities), 26105 (Warrant Securities) and the Rule 28000 Series (Trading and Listing of Exchange Traded Products), which would be part of BSTX’s listing rules and would contemplate that only 25 The Exchange notes that distinct classes of securities issued by an issuer that are Securities would not be fungible with another class of securities of the same issuer because no class of an issuer’s securities is fungible with a separate class of its securities—otherwise they would be the same class of security. To the extent that two classes of an issuer’s shares had identical voting and economic rights but were registered with the Commission as separate classes (e.g., Class A shares and Class B shares), the two classes of shares could be economically fungible with one another insofar as they convey the same economic and beneficial rights and interests to investors, but this would not mean that ownership of a Class A share is the same as ownership of a Class B share notwithstanding that each class provides the same economic benefits. In any case, nothing herein proposes any change to the existing framework for different classes of securities. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices those specified types of equity securities would be eligible for listing. Securities Depository Eligibility BSTX would maintain rules that would promote a structure in which Securities would be held in ‘‘street name’’ with DTC.26 BSTX Rule 26137 would require that for an issuer’s security to be eligible to be a Security, BSTX must have received a representation from the issuer that a CUSIP number that identifies the security is included in a file of eligible issues maintained by a securities depository that is registered with the SEC as a clearing agency. This is based on rules that are currently maintained by other equities exchanges.27 In practice, BSTX Rule 26137 requires the Security to have a CUSIP number that is included in a file of eligible securities that is maintained by DTC because the Exchange believes that DTC currently is the only clearing agency registered with the SEC that provides securities depository services.28 Book-Entry Settlement at a Securities Depository lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 BSTX would also maintain Proposed BSTX Rule 26135 regarding uniform book-entry settlement. The rule would require each BSTX Participant to use the facilities of a securities depository for the book-entry settlement of all transactions in depository eligible securities with another BSTX Participant or a member of a national securities exchange that is not BSTX or a member of a national securities association.29 Proposed BSTX Rule 26135 is based on the depository eligibility rules of other equities exchanges and Financial Industry 26 The term ‘‘street name’’ refers to a securities holding structure in which DTC, through its nominee Cede & Co., would be the registered holder of the securities and, in turn, DTC would grant security entitlements in such securities to relevant accounts of its participants. Proposed BSTX Rule 26136 would also provide, with certain exceptions, that securities listed on BSTX must be eligible for a direct registration program operated by a clearing agency registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC operates the only such program today, known as the Direct Registration System, which permits an investor to hold a security as the registered owner in electronic form on the books of the issuer. 27 Proposed BSTX Rule 26137 is based on current NYSE Rule 777. 28 See Exchange Act Release No. 78963 (September 28, 2016), 81 FR 70744, 70748 (October 13, 2016) (footnote 46 and the accompanying text acknowledge that DTC is the only registered clearing agency that provides securities depository services for the U.S. securities markets). 29 FINRA is currently the only national securities association registered with the SEC. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Regulatory Authority (‘‘FINRA’’).30 Those rules were first adopted as part of a coordinated industry effort in 1995 to promote book-entry settlement for the vast majority of initial public offerings and ‘‘thereby reduce settlement risk’’ in the U.S. national market system.31 Participation in a Registered Clearing Agency That Uses a Continuous Net Settlement System Under proposed BSTX Rule 25140, each BSTX Participant would be required to either (i) be a member of a registered clearing agency that uses a continuous net settlement (‘‘CNS’’) system, or (ii) clear transactions executed on BSTX through a member of such a registered clearing agency. The Exchange believes that today NSCC is the only registered clearing agency that uses a CNS system to clear equity securities, and proposed BSTX Rule 25140 further specifies that BSTX will maintain connectivity and access to the Universal Trade Capture system of NSCC to transmit confirmed trade details to NSCC regarding trades executed on BSTX. The proposed rule would also address the following: (i) A requirement that each Security transaction executed through BSTX must be executed on a locked-in basis for automatic clearance and settlement processing; (ii) the circumstances under which the identity of contra parties to a Security transaction that is executed through BSTX would be required to remain anonymous or may be revealed; and (iii) certain circumstances under which a Security transaction may be cleared through arrangements with a member of a foreign clearing agency. Proposed BSTX Rule 25140 is based on a substantially identical rule of the Investor’s Exchange, LLC (‘‘IEX’’), which, in turn, is consistent with the rules of other equities exchanges.32 BSTX believes that the operation of its depository eligibility rule and its bookentry services rule would promote a 30 See e.g., FINRA Rule 11310. Book-Entry Settlement and NYSE Rule 776. Book-Entry Settlement of Transactions. 31 These coordinated depository eligibility rules resulted from proposed listing rules amendments developed by the Legal and Regulatory Subgroup of the U.S. Working Committee, Group of Thirty Clearance and Settlement Project. See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos 35774 (May 26, 1995) (SR–NASD–95–24), 60 FR 28813 (June 2, 1995); 35773 (May 26, 1995), 60 FR 28817 (June 2, 1995) (SR–NYSE–95–19). 32 See IEX Rule 11.250 (Clearance and Settlement; Anonymity), which was approved by the Commission in 2016 as part of its approval of IEX’s application for registration as a national securities exchange. Exchange Act Release No. 78101 (June 17, 2016); 81 FR 41142 (June 23, 2016); see also Cboe BZX Rule 11.14 (Clearance and Settlement; Anonymity). PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49419 framework in which Securities that would be eligible to be listed and traded on BSTX would be equity securities that have been made eligible for services by a registered clearing agency that operates as a securities depository and that are settled through the facilities of the securities depository by book-entry. The Exchange believes that because DTC currently is the only clearing agency registered with the SEC that provides securities depository services, at the commencement of BSTX’s operations, Securities would be securities that have been made eligible for services by DTC, including bookentry settlement services. Settlement Cycle Proposed BSTX Rule 25100(d) would address settlement cycle considerations regarding trades in Securities. Security trades that result from orders matched against the electronic order book of BSTX would be required to clear and settle pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. As noted above in connection with the description of proposed BSTX Rule 25140, the Exchange expects that at the commencement of operations by BSTX it would transmit confirmed trade details to NSCC regarding Security trades that occur on BSTX and that NSCC would be the registered clearing agency that clears Security trades for settlement at DTC. As described in greater detail below in Part II.H, the Exchange is also proposing that BSTX Participants would be able to include parameters in orders submitted to BSTX to indicate a preference to use faster settlement cycles that are currently available through NSCC and DTC under certain circumstances. BSTX believes that allowing BSTX Participants to use these faster settlement cycles where consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency would mitigate settlement risk for transactions in such Securities due to faster settlement. BSTX believes that NSCC already has authority under its rules, policies and procedures to clear certain trades on a T+1 or T+0 basis, which are shorter settlement cycles than the longest settlement cycle of T+2 that is generally permitted under SEC Rule 15c6–1 for a security trade that involves a broker-dealer.33 Furthermore, BSTX 33 17 CFR 240.15c6–1. Under SEC Rule 15c6–1, with certain exceptions, a broker-dealer is not permitted to enter a contract for the purchase or sale of security that provides for payment of funds and delivery of securities later than the second business day after the date of the contract unless E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM Continued 02SEN2 49420 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices understands that NSCC does already clear trades in accordance with this authority, and supporting data from The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (‘‘DTCC’’) regarding clearance and settlement activity on such shorter settlement cycles is provided in Section II.H. below. There are broadly two types of blockchains: (i) Public blockchains that are decentralized, open to anyone running the same protocol; 37 and (ii) a private, permission-based blockchains where only those granted access may view or take other actions with respect to the blockchain. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain BSTX Market Data Blockchain As a Private Permissioned Network The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would operate as a private, permissionbased blockchain that would be accessible through an application program interface (‘‘API’’) available through the internet. The Exchange would control all aspects of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain and the associated API. Pursuant to proposed Rule 17020(b), each BSTX Participant would be assigned a BSTX Market Data Blockchain address that corresponds to the BSTX Participant’s trading activity on BSTX. The Exchange will also issue login credentials to each BSTX Participant through which the BSTX Participant may access the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through the API to see its order and transaction information on BSTX as well as certain anonymized market data from other BSTX Participants, as discussed further below. Similarly, the Exchange has the ability to issue login credentials to any nonBSTX Participant to allow access to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through the API, but a non-BSTX Participant accessing the Market Data Blockchain would be limited to viewing only anonymized market data, as also explained below. BSTX Participants (and any non-BSTX Participants to which the Market Data Blockchain is made available by the Exchange) would only be able to access the information contained on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through the API, and only the Exchange would have direct access to the underlying data on the private blockchain. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would generally operate by collecting information from two sources, which the Exchange would then translate into information capable of being recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Specifically, the data inputs for the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would come from (i) the BSTX System 38 to capture information such as executed transactions and (ii) each BSTX Participant’s order/message information BSTX will make available to BSTX Participants certain market data related to trading activity occurring on BSTX through the use of a private, permissioned blockchain maintained by the Exchange. As described further below, a BSTX Participant would have the ability to see through an online portal provided by the Exchange the market data information on the private blockchain consisting of detailed information about its trading activity on BSTX and anonymized information with respect to the trading activity of other BSTX Participants.34 BSTX Participants would have no obligations with respect to providing information to, accessing, maintaining, or using the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. The Exchange believes that the information made available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be generally similar to Daily Trade and Quote (‘‘TAQ’’) data made available by New York Stock Exchange LLC except that the Exchange would use distributed ledger or ‘‘blockchain’’ technology to record such information, a BSTX Participant would be able to see nonanonymized information about its own trading activity on BSTX, and the market data would pertain only to trading activity on BSTX and not the broader market (e.g., an over-the-counter (‘‘OTC’’) 35 transaction in a Security reported to the consolidated tape).36 Background on Blockchain Technology lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 In general, a blockchain is essentially a ledger that can maintain digital records of assets, transactions, or other information. A blockchain’s central function is to encode transitions or changes to the ledger. Whenever one change to the blockchain ledger occurs to record a state transition, the entire blockchain is immutably changed to reflect the state transition. otherwise expressly agreed to by the parties at the time of the transaction. 34 Additionally, as also explained below, nonBSTX Participants would have the ability to see the anonymized market data relating to trading on BSTX. 35 OTC in this context refers to trading occurring otherwise than on a national securities exchange. 36 See e.g., NYSE, Daily TAQ Fact Sheet, https:// www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_ Fact_Sheet.pdf. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 37 A ‘‘protocol’’ in this context generally means a set of rules governing the format of messages that are exchanged between the participants. 38 The ‘‘BSTX System’’ refers to the automated trading system used by BSTX for the trading of Securities. See proposed Rule 17000(a)(15). PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 passing through the financial information exchange (‘‘FIX’’) gateway through which all orders and messages pass in order to connect to the BSTX System.39 For example, if a BSTX Participant sends an order to buy 100 shares of Security XYZ, when that order is sent to the Exchange, the Exchange would capture this information as it passes through the FIX gateway in an automated process that results in the BSTX Participant being able to see that order on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through its login credentials once the information is recorded on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain does not require any affirmative action on the part of a BSTX Participant in order for its information to be recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Rather, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain captures trading activity that occurs on BSTX in the normal course and is made available to BSTX Participants as an additional resource that they may choose to use in their discretion in the same general manner that a market participant might use TAQ data. Information Available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain As set forth in proposed Rule 17020(c), there are two types of information that would be available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain: (i) A BSTX Participant’s own order and transaction information related to its trading activity on BSTX (‘‘Participant Proprietary Data’’); and (ii) anonymized, general market data available to all BSTX Participants and non-BSTX Participants permissioned by the Exchange (‘‘General Market Data’’).40 With respect to Participant Proprietary Data, a BSTX Participant would be able to see the following information with respect to all orders and messages and executions submitted to and occurring on BSTX: (1) Symbol, side (buy/sell), limit price, quantity, time-in-force (2) Order type (e.g., limit order, ISO) (3) Order capacity (principal/agent) (4) Short/long sale order marking (5) Message type (e.g., order, modification, cancellation) Participant Proprietary Data would effectively contain a record of all of a 39 The Exchange notes that the FIX Gateway and the BSTX System are the same sources of information from which information is taken to be provided as part of consolidated market data. 40 The Exchange notes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is effectively just the repository for these two categories of information (i.e., Participant Proprietary Data and General Market Data), and it is through the Exchange-provided API that this information is able to be viewed and searched. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices BSTX’s Participant’s trading activity on BSTX. Participant Proprietary Data would only be available to the BSTX Participant from which such data derived. That is, a BSTX Participant would not have access to the Participant Proprietary Data of another BSTX Participant, nor would any non-BSTX Participant provided access to the Market Data Blockchain have access to Participant Proprietary Data. As a result, no BSTX Participant (or non-BSTX Participant) would be provided with access to trading information of another BSTX Participant in a manner that would allow for reverse engineering of trading strategies or otherwise compromise the confidential nature of each BSTX Participant’s trading information. Through the API, a BSTX Participant can run searches of its previous order and trading activity. The Participant Proprietary Data would be visible to the BSTX Participant to which it corresponds in sequential order of when each action occurred, though the BSTX Participant would have the ability to filter the different information fields or run searches for particular items (e.g., only showing cancel orders or only showing activity in a particular symbol). General Market Data is the second type of information that would be available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would consist of: (1) All displayed orders,41 modifications, cancellations, and executions occurring on BSTX in an anonymized format. (2) Administrative data and other information from the Exchange (e.g., trading halts, or technical messages). General Market Data would allow viewers to be able to observe the historical orders, executions, and other events (e.g., cancellations) received by and occurring on BSTX. Similar to the format and presentation of Participant Proprietary Data, the General Market Data would generally be visible in sequential order of when each action occurred, though viewers would have the ability to filter the different information fields or run searches for particular items (e.g., only showing cancel orders or only showing activity in a particular symbol). The Exchange notes that the General Market Data that would be available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would contain substantively similar information as would be available through the Exchange’s proprietary market data feeds, so access to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not provide 41 The Exchange notes that it is not proposing any non-displayed or hidden order functionality for BSTX. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 substantive information that is not otherwise available through the Exchange’s proprietary market data feeds.42 In other words, accessing General Market Data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not provide any informational advantage over proprietary market data that could be used to make trading decisions in real time. The Exchange believes that this is particularly true given that market data (both Participant Proprietary Data and General Market Data) will be posted to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain on a delay of at least five minutes, as discussed further below. Similar to Participant Proprietary Data, persons accessing the General Market Data through the Exchangeprovided API could run configurable searches of the available information. General Market Data would be anonymized, meaning that a BSTX Participant would not be able to determine the identity of another BSTX Participant’s orders, quotes, cancellations, or other messages. For the avoidance of doubt, the alphanumeric address assigned to each BSTX Participant to facilitate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not be visible as part of General Market Data.43 As a result, there should not be cause for concern regarding potential trading information leakage or the ability to reverse engineer another BSTX Participant’s trading strategies given the anonymous nature of General Market Data. BSTX Participants (and any nonBSTX Participant provided access to 42 General Market Data would differ from the Exchange’s proprietary market data feed in that the proprietary market data feed provides real time snapshots of the order book, including depth of book quotations and the quantity of shares available at each price point. In contrast, General Market Data would generally show sequential events occurring on the Exchange for each symbol (e.g., order posted to order book, then the order is executed in part, then the remaining amount of the order executed, then a new order posts to the order book etc.). In addition, proprietary market data generally does not show each individual newly posted order or cancellation of a resting order, but rather shows subscribers an updated snapshot that increases or decreases the available quantity at a given price point as new orders come in and modifications or executions of existing orders occur. In contrast, General Market Data available on the Market Data Blockchain would show viewers, in an anonymized format, the sequential entry of each order, modification, or cancellation in the order book in each symbol as historical order and transaction information rather than real time snap shots. In this respect, General Market Data is more akin to a historical market data product like TAQ data, except that it pertains only to activity occurring on BSTX rather than the entire market. 43 For example, in looking at General Market Data, BSTX Participant X would not be able to determine by name, address, or otherwise that a particular order, modification to an existing order, or executed transaction involved BSTX Participant Y or any other BSTX Participant. PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49421 General Market Data by the Exchange) would generally have available to them via the BSTX Market Data Blockchain the same information they would have today with respect to other BSTX Participants’ trading activity in subscribing to proprietary data feeds of other exchanges. The Exchange proposes to append timestamps to the information made available. Timestamps related to all information on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would indicate the time to the microsecond at which an order posted to the BSTX Book or that the BSTX System took other action with respect to an order (e.g., effects a cancellation, execution, modification). As noted above, information would be posted to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain on a delayed basis of at least five minutes.44 As a result, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not function as a substitute for real-time market data, and, accordingly the Exchange does not believe that market participants with access to the delayed market data available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would have any real time trading advantage over participants that continue to use realtime market data to make trading decisions.45 A BSTX Participant would 44 The practical purpose behind this five minute delay is for the Exchange to accrue sufficient data and information to record to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. As the name ‘‘blockchain’’ suggests, data is recorded onto a ledger in discrete blocks that are chained together at different intervals. The Exchange could record information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain over a shorter time interval in much smaller blocks, each of which would contain less data than a longer interval and a larger block. However, as proposed, the Exchange would only record information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain after at least five minutes, and each block would contain the market data and information that had accrued over the preceding five minutes on a rolling basis. Accordingly, a viewer of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be able to see the preceding five minutes of market data (as detailed above) after each five-minute interval. The Exchange believes that a five minute interval is appropriate to allow the Exchange to operate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain efficiently (i.e., sufficient market data will have accrued over five minutes to publish an update to the blockchain) and to ensure that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain does not provide a real-time trading advantage over consumers of consolidated market data or proprietary market data—both of which are disseminated on sub-second, or submillisecond, timescales. See e.g., Exchange Act Release No. 90610, 86 FR 18596, 18603 (Apr. 9, 2021) (‘‘Today, markets rely on highly sophisticated electronic trading systems that can consume many points of data at speeds measured in sub-second increments.’’); see also id. at n.679 (noting that even the consolidated securities information processors 99th percentile of quote latency are today below 100 microseconds). 45 According to data available on the Commission’s market structure website, even small capitalization stocks and exchange traded products generally have quote lifetimes of much shorter E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM Continued 02SEN2 49422 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 have the ability to download market data from the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which it could use to, for example, back test trading strategies or evaluate executions received on BSTX. Finally, in order to promote clarity with respect to how a BSTX Participant may use the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, the Exchange proposes to provide in Rule 17020(c)(3) that the information available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain does not act as a substitute for any recordkeeping obligations of a BSTX Participant. The Exchange notes that broker-dealers recordkeeping obligations generally require a much broader set of records covering the entirety of a broker-dealers trading activity across all trading centers.46 As a result, the Exchange would not expect that a BSTX Participant would ever rely on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would contain only its trading activity on BSTX, as a substitute for its independent recordkeeping obligations. With respect to information security considerations, the Exchange notes that as a system of the Exchange, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain will be subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, including Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (‘‘Reg. SCI’’) 47 and that the Exchange has in place robust safeguards to protect against any possible systems intrusion to the market data blockchain. To the extent a BSTX Participant were to share its credentials for accessing the API with third parties deliberately or inadvertently, it is possible that those third parties could gain access to its Participant Proprietary durations than five minutes. For example, 71.32% of executions and 78.7% of cancellations occurred in small capitalization stocks during Q1 2021 within 100 seconds (1.67 minutes) of being received by a market center. See Commission, Market Structure Data Visualizations, Conditional Frequency: Small Stocks (Q1 2021), https:// www.sec.gov/marketstructure/datavis/quotelife_ stocks_sm.html#.YP8Q245KhPY. Given that over two-thirds of orders are executed or canceled within 1.67 minutes (approximately one-third of the five minutes the Exchange proposes to delay publication of information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain), the Exchange does not believe that there would be any real time trading advantage provided to those who use the BSTX Market Data Blockchain over subscribers to the Exchange’s proprietary feeds or subscribers to consolidated market data. The data metrics also reveal that over 11% of executions and nearly 12% of cancellations occurred in small capitalization stocks during Q1 2021 within 1 second (1/300th of the duration of the proposed five minute delay). This data makes clear that the speed of markets is such that using the BSTX Market Data Blockchain to gain a real time trading advantage would not be possible as over 10% of trades and cancels occur within one second. 46 See e.g., 17 CFR 240.17a–3. 47 17 CFR 240.1000–1007. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Data.48 The Exchange would be able to issue new credentials upon request from a BSTX Participant (or non-BSTX Participant) that believes their credentials may have been compromised and implement additional security controls. In any case, however, unauthorized access to the API through which data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain may be accessed would not allow for any intruder to modify, delete, or otherwise change any data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. As a result, the Exchange does not believe that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain presents information security risks and that the Exchange has appropriate safeguards in place to mitigate any such risks. Periodic Audit of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain by the Exchange To help ensure the proper functioning of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain and accuracy of information thereon, the Exchange proposes in Rule 17020(c)(3) to periodically audit the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Specifically, the Exchange proposes to perform the audit at least bi-annually to ensure that that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain accurately captures order and transaction data on BSTX. The Exchange expects that it will initially audit the BSTX Market Data Blockchain more frequently (e.g., monthly) during the first year of operation to make sure the BSTX Market Data Blockchain operates as intended during the period of time when the Exchange expects BSTX Participants to be familiarizing themselves with the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. In particular, the Exchange plans to evaluate whether the information recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is accurate (i.e., that it corresponds to the Exchange’s FIX trading logs of the relevant market data) and captures all of the elements of market data specified in proposed Rule 17020(c). To the extent any issues or discrepancies are identified in the course of the audit, the Exchange will promptly remediate such issues and provide notice, as may be required, to impacted users of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain and the Commission.49 48 The Exchange notes that any such unauthorized access would not provide any real time order and transaction information of the BSTX Participant because of the five minute delay in publishing information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. 49 See generally Rule 1002 of Regulation SCI (describing notification requirements related to ‘‘SCI events’’ and ‘‘de minimis SCI events’’—i.e., those that would have no or a de minimis impact on the Exchange’s operations or market participants). 17 CFR 242.1002. PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 Benefits of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain The Exchange believes that there are two primary benefits related to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. First, the Exchange believes that a BSTX Participant may find the information useful to them for a variety of purposes such as to review the BSTX Participant’s trading activity on BSTX, determine what the market was at a particular point in time on BSTX for a given Security, evaluate execution quality on BSTX, help confirm the accuracy of their internal trading data,50 or download the data to back-test trading strategies. As proposed, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain requires no affirmative obligation on the part of the BSTX Participant. As a result, if a BSTX Participant does not find the BSTX Market Data Blockchain to be of use to it, it could simply ignore it without cost or penalty. In addition, non-BSTX Participants granted access to General Market Data may find the data useful for academic studies. The Commission could also be granted access by the Exchange, which would allow the Commission to examine how and when orders arrived at the Exchange, how and when they were modified, and how and when they were executed.51 Second, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain will help familiarize BSTX Participants with the use and capabilities of blockchain technology in a manner that does not impose any burden on them or other market participants. The Commission has stated that it is ‘‘mindful of the benefits of increasing use of new technologies for investors and the markets, and has encouraged experimentation and innovation . . .’’ 52 stating further that ‘‘[i]nformation and communications technologies are critical to healthy and efficient primary and secondary markets.’’ 53 Regarding the judgment of whether the benefits of 50 As previously discussed, however, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain could not be used as a substitute for a BSTX Participant’s recordkeeping obligations. See supra note 46 and proposed Rule 17020(c)(3). 51 The Exchange notes that it is initially proposing a relatively simple exchange model without hidden orders or the numerous other types of complex orders available on certain other exchanges (e.g., peg orders, hide-not-slide, discretionary peg orders etc.). Consequently, BSTX presents an opportunity to study, using the data available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, how a more simplified market structure operates as well as the evolution of this model over time as additional features might be added (or removed). 52 Securities and Exchange Commission, The Impact of Recent Technological Advances on the Securities Markets (Sep. 1997), https:// www.sec.gov/news/studies/techrp97.htm. 53 Id. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices certain technologies are meritorious, the Commission has explained its view that ‘‘[t]he market will ultimately prove the worth of technology—whether the benefits to the industry and its investors of developing and using new services are greater than the associated costs.’’ 54 Consistent with these statements, the Exchange believes that promoting use of blockchain technology through the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, accessed through an exchange-provided API, will allow BSTX Participants to observe and increase their familiarity with the capabilities and potential benefits of blockchain technology in a context that operates within the current equity market infrastructure and that the proposal will thereby advance and protect the public’s interest in the use and development of new data processing techniques that may create opportunities for more efficient, effective and safe securities markets.55 Moreover, the Exchange believes that new technology, such as blockchain technology, may be able to help perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 54 Id. 55 Report of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs, S. Rep. No. 94–75, at 8 (1975) (expressing Congress’ finding that new data processing and communications systems create the opportunity for more efficient and effective markets). While the Exchange believes that its proposal represents an introductory step in pairing the benefits of blockchain technology with the current equity market infrastructure, other market participants and FINRA have recognized additional potential benefits to blockchain technology in various applications related to the securities markets. FINRA has stated ‘‘[o]ne of the proposed benefits of [blockchain technology] is the ability to offer a timestamped, sequential, audit trail of transaction records. This may provide regulators and other interested parties (e.g., internal audit, public auditors) with the opportunity to leverage the technology to view the complete history of a transaction where it may not be available today and enhance existing records related to securities transactions.’’ Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Distributed Ledger Technology: Implications of Blockchain for the Securities Industry (January 2017), available at: https:// www.finra.org/sites/default/files/FINRA_ Blockchain_Report.pdf. Further, Paxos Trust Company echoed similar themes in connection with its receipt of no-action relief from the Commission staff, and explained in its request letter certain benefits of blockchain technology including ‘‘greater data accuracy and transparency, advanced security, and increased levels of availability and operational efficiency . . . .’’ See Letter from Jeffrey S. Mooney, Division of Trading and Markets, Securities and Exchange Commission to Charles Cascarilla and Daniel Burstein, Paxos Trust Company, LLC re: Clearing Agency Registration Under Section 17A(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (October 28, 2019), https:// www.sec.gov/divisions/marketreg/mr-noaction/ 2019/paxos-trust-company-102819-17a.pdf. The Exchange believes such benefits may be generally relevant to future potential applications of blockchain technology. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Exchange Act.56 At a minimum, the Exchange believes that the use of blockchain technology to store historical market data, accessible through an API, may be a more efficient and effective mechanism for consuming historical market data. Rather than having to download a file of historical market data as is typically the case today, users of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be able to query and search the blockchain for particular information of interest to them through the API. The Exchange notes that it is not proposing to offer a separate historical market data feed other than the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, so the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be the Exchange’s historical market data product offering.57 Currently, the Exchange believes that market participants, such as prospective BSTX Participants, are able to obtain and review their own order and trade information as well as historical market data on one or more exchanges through a combination of using their own books and records and through acquiring historical market data products (e.g., TAQ data). Depending on how a market participant might organize these sources of data or use historical market data, they may be able to run searches or filters to examine the market data in a manner similar to what will be available using the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain is essentially an Exchangeoffered tool accessible through an API that provides the features of searching and filtering of BSTX market data to a BSTX Participant (and non-BSTX Participants with respect to anonymized data only). In other words, market participants have available to them today through other resources (i.e., their books and records and historical data products where available) the same data elements that the Exchange proposes to make available through the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, but they may not have the information readily accessible or searchable in the same manner that it would be available using the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. In the event of any disruption to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain or a BSTX Participant’s access to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, there would be no impact on the ability of market participants to trade Securities, which the Exchange believes furthers the protection of investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). infra notes 147–152 and accompanying text, describing the Exchange’s proposed market data offerings. of the Exchange Act.58 There would also no be disruption in the distribution of market data related to Securities because the BSTX Market Data Blockchain operates as a separate and distinct service of the Exchange independently of the Exchange’s other market data products. Trading Securities on Other National Securities Exchanges Securities would be eligible for trading on other national securities exchanges that extend UTP to them. As described above in Part II.E, Securities would be held in ‘‘street name’’ at DTC, have a CUSIP number, and would clear and settle through the facilities of a clearing agency registered with the SEC (i.e., NSCC and DTC respectively). As a result, Securities would be able to trade on other exchanges and OTC in the same manner as other NMS stock. Accordingly, other exchanges would generally be able to extend UTP to Securities in accordance with Commission rules. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not impact the ability of Securities to trade on other exchanges or OTC. Ability for BSTX Participants To Include a Parameter for a Preference for Settlement of Transactions in Securities Faster Than T+2 As described above in Section II.E.5., and based on discussions with representatives from DTCC, BSTX believes that NSCC already has authority under its rules, policies and procedures to clear certain trades on a T+1 or T+0 basis, which are shorter settlement cycles than the longest settlement cycle of T+2 that is generally permitted under SEC Rule 15c6–1 for a security trade that involves a brokerdealer.59 Furthermore, BSTX understands from representatives of DTCC that NSCC does already clear trades in accordance with this authority. The Exchange proposes that BSTX Participants would be able to include in their orders in Securities that are submitted to BSTX certain parameters to indicate a preference for settlement on a same day (T+0) or next trading day (T+1) basis when certain conditions are met.60 Any such orders would at the time of order entry represent orders that would be regular-way and would be presumed to settle on a T+2 basis just like any other order submitted by a BSTX Participant that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for faster settlement. As described in greater 56 15 57 See PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49423 58 Id. 59 See 60 See E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM supra note 33. proposed Rule 25060(h). 02SEN2 49424 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 detail below, however, orders in a Security that include a parameter indicating a preference for settlement on a T+0 basis (‘‘Order with a T+0 Preference’’) or on a T+1 basis (‘‘Order with a T+1 Preference’’) would only result in executions that would actually settle more quickly than on a T+2 basis if, and only if, all of the conditions in Rule 25060(h) are met and the execution that is transmitted by BSTX to NSCC is eligible for T+0 or T+1 settlement under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency.61 Any such preference included by a BSTX Participant would only become operative if the order happens to execute against another order from a BSTX Participant that also includes a parameter indicating a preference for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis, as described in more detail below. This means that at the time of order entry all orders in Securities would be regularway orders that would be presumed to settle on a T+2 basis. Faster settlement consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency would occur if and only if two orders execute against each other in a manner that meets the conditions in Rule 25060(h). As proposed, an Order with a T+0 Preference will execute against any order against which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on a standard settlement cycle (T+2) except where: (i) The Order with a T+0 Preference executes against another Order with a T+0 Preference, in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the trade date as may be permitted by the rules, policies and procedures of the registered clearing agency, or (ii) the Order with a T+0 Preference executes against an Order with a T+1 Preference, in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the next trading day after the trade date (i.e., T+1) as may be permitted by the rules, 61 See proposed Rule 25100(d). For example, the Exchange understands that under its current rules, policies and procedures NSCC accepts trades for T+0 settlement through its continuous net settlement system provided that they are received by NSCC before a cut-off time of 11:30 a.m. ET. Matched T+0 trades on BSTX that are not received by NSCC prior to that cut-off time would not be eligible for T+0 clearance and settlement through NSCC’s continuous net settlement system. DTCC provides on its website an overview of the cut-off times and other procedural considerations under its rules, policies and procedures that are associated with processing trades for accelerated settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis. The overview can be accessed here: https://www.dtcc.com/sds. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 policies and procedures of the registered clearing agency. Similarly, as proposed, an Order with a T+1 Preference will execute against any order against which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on a standard settlement cycle (T+2) except where: (i) The Order with a T+1 Preference executes against another Order with a T+1 Preference or an Order with a T+0 Preference, in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the next trading day after the trade date (i.e., T+1) as may be permitted by the rules, policies and procedures of the registered clearing agency. In all cases, an order not marked with a preference for either T+0 or T+1 settlement would be assured under the settlement timing logic in proposed Rule 25060(h) of settlement on T+2. The possibility of a shortened settlement time would have no impact on the Exchange’s proposed price time priority structure for order matching.62 As a result of this structure, all orders in Securities would be eligible to match and execute against any order against which they are marketable with settlement to occur at the later settlement date of any two matching orders. Only where an Order with a T+1 Preference or an Order with a T+0 Preference match with another Order with a T+1 Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will those orders (or matching portions thereof) be eligible to settle more quickly than the standard settlement cycle of T+2. As previously noted in Part II.E above, the Exchange expects at the commencement of its operations that it would transmit confirmed trade details to NSCC regarding trades in Securities that occur on BSTX and that NSCC would be the registered clearing agency that clears trades in Securities and produces related settlement obligations for settlement at DTC. The Exchange believes that NSCC and DTC already have appropriate approvals from the SEC for authority in their rules, policies and procedures to be able to clear and settle settlement obligations using such shortened settlement times. Furthermore, the Exchange understands that NSCC and DTC in fact already are using this authority for shortened 62 For example, assume Order A is marked as an Order with a T+0 Preference and it is sent to BSTX and is marketable against both resting Order B (standard T+2 settlement, with time priority over Order C) and resting Order C (marked as an Order with a T+0 Preference but with priority second to that of Order B). Order A will interact first with Order B, notwithstanding that Order C is also marketable against Order A and is also marked as an Order with a T+0 Preference. PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 settlement times. For example, based on information provided by representatives of DTCC to outside counsel for BSTX, the Exchange understands that on average for each business day for the months of November and December 2019, NSCC cleared over 19,000 trades designated for T+1 settlement and over 2,000 trades designated for T+0 settlement.63 In addition, the Exchange understands that DTCC makes data regarding T+0 and T+1 clearance and settlement through NSCC and DTC available on the DTCC website for review by the public.64 As provided in proposed Rules 26136 and 26137, all trades in Securities occurring on BSTX that are cleared by NSCC, including those that BSTX transmits to NSCC for T+0 or T+1 settlement as may be permitted pursuant to NSCC’s rules, policies and procedures, will be settled through book-entry settlement at DTC pursuant to its rules, policies and procedures. The Exchange is also aware of the recent announcement by DTCC, the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (‘‘SIFMA’’) and the Investment Company Institute (‘‘ICI’’) that they plan to collaborate to help the industry reduce the standard settlement cycle from T+2 to T+1, identify a target timeframe for that transition (e.g., by 2023 as recently suggested by DTCC),65 and support market participants in their efforts to obtain requisite regulatory approvals for such a reduction in the standard settlement cycle, including from the SEC.66 The Exchange fully supports this collaboration by SIFMA, DTCC and ICI and efforts by market participants and regulators, including the SEC, to move the standard settlement cycle to T+1. The time frame for the transition, however, remains uncertain and is likely to take years, as suggested by DTCC. The Exchange strongly believes that this proposal to allow BSTX Participants for trades in 63 Mike McClain, Managing Director and General Manager of Equity Clearing and DTC Settlement Services at DTCC provided this information to BSTX’s outside counsel, Andrew Blake, Partner, Sidley Austin LLP during a telephone conference on February 13, 2020. 64 See DTCC website, Settlement by the Numbers, https://www.dtcc.com/ust1/by-the-numbers. 65 DTCC White Paper, Advancing Together: Leading the Industry to Accelerated Settlement (February 2021) (‘‘DTCC Accelerated Settlement White Paper’’), https://www.dtcc.com/-/media/ Files/PDFs/White%20Paper/DTCC-AcceleratedSettle-WP-2021.pdf. 66 Sifma Press Release, Sifma, ICI and DTCC Leading Effort to Shorten U.S. Securities Settlement Cycle to T+1, Collaborating with the Industry on Next Steps (April 28, 2021), https://www.sifma.org/ resources/news/sifma-ici-and-dtcc-leading-effort-toshorten-u-s-securities-settlement-cycle-to-t1collaborating-with-the-industry-on-next-steps/. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Securities on BSTX to access the shorter settlement cycles of T+1 and T+0 that are already being used by NSCC and DTC today represents a change that is both entirely consistent with and in furtherance of broader industry efforts to move the standard settlement cycle to T+1 and that could also incrementally and immediately provide market participants with the benefit of shorter settlement cycles that T+2 where BSTX Participants seek those benefits as provided in proposed Rule 25060(h). The Exchange agrees with DTCC representatives who have recently stated that ‘‘[t]he time to settlement equals counterparty risk which can become elevated during market shocks. It can also lead to the need for higher margin requirements, which are critical to protecting the financial system and investors against a firm default.’’ 67 The Exchange believes that BSTX Participants should be permitted to manage these settlement and margin risks through the structure that is provided in proposed Rule 25060(h). The Exchange also believes, as described in more detail below, that the structure in proposed Rule 25060(h) would allow them to do so in a manner that is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act and the requirement for the rules of the Exchange to be designed to perfect the mechanism of a free and open market 68 because under proposed Rule 25060(h), any Order with a T+1 Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will continue to interact with any other order in the Security against which it is marketable (including any order in the Security that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for settlement faster than T+2) and a resulting execution will always settle using the latest settlement timing associated with two matching orders. The Exchange believes that facilitating shorter settlement cycles as permitted under the rules, policies, and procedures of a registered clearing agency is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 69 because it is in the public interest and furthers the protection of investors as well as helps perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and the national market system. Specifically, the Exchange 67 DTCC Press Release, DTCC Proposes Approach to Shortening U.S. Settlement Cycle to T+1 Within 2 Years, (February 24, 2021) (quoting Murray Pozmanter, Head of Clearing Agency Services and Global Business Operations at DTCC), https:// www.dtcc.com/news/2021/february/24/dtccproposes-approach-to-shortening-us-settlementcycle-to-t1-within-two-years. 68 15 U.S.C. 78(f)(b)(5). 69 Id. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 believes that BSTX Participants have an interest in being able to access riskreducing market functionality that is presently available and compatible with market structure, such as shorter settlement cycles, and that this can reduce costs for market participants settling trading obligations in that Security and reduce settlement risk. For example, market participants settling trades in a Security on a T+2 basis must post margin collateral to NSCC for two trading days. The margin collateral cannot otherwise be used until settlement on T+2. In addition, and as reflected in statements by DTCC described above, by shortening the timing of settlement from T+2 to T+1 or T+0, the risk horizon for a potential default in settling the trade is correspondingly shortened as well. This means that market participants engaged in a transaction settling transactions on shorter settlement cycles than T+2 receive the benefits of not having to encumber collateral assets for as long and facing a shorter period of settlement risk. The Exchange believes that these benefits in turn free up assets to be used elsewhere in financial markets, thereby helping to promote the efficient allocation of capital and perfecting the mechanism of a free and open market.70 All else being equal, the Exchange believes that a BSTX Participant may find that between two otherwise identical stocks, one for which it may be able to settle the transaction more quickly is more attractive than one that settles over a longer duration and potentially requires collateral to be held for a longer period. The Exchange notes that the proposed potential for shortened settlement timing for an Order with a T+0 Preference or an Order with a T+1 Preference will in no way impact or prevent any market participant that desires to effect a trade in a Security on BSTX from doing so. This is because under proposed Rule 25060(h), any Order with a T+1 Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will continue to interact with any other order in the Security against which it is marketable (including any order in the Security that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for settlement faster than T+2) and a resulting execution will always settle using the latest settlement timing associated with two matching orders. Accordingly, non-BSTX Participants seeing a quote in a Security on BSTX will remain able to execute against that quote posted on BSTX even if that quote includes a latent parameter for a preference for T+0 or T+1 70 Id. PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49425 settlement where consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. In this way, the Exchange believes that the proposal is fully compatible with the current market structure and would help perfect the mechanism of a free and open market consistent with the requirement in Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 71 by allowing for shorter settlement times than T+2 where consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency and where both parties to a transaction in a Security indicate a preference for faster settlement than T+2. Finally, because all orders in Securities submitted to BSTX would at the time of the order entry be presumed to settle on a regular way T+2 basis and would interact with any other order against which the order is marketable, the Exchange believes that Orders with a T+0 Preference and Orders with a T+1 Preference would be considered ‘‘protected’’ within the meaning of Rule 611 of the Exchange Act.72 Orders with a T+0 Preference and Orders with a T+1 Preference would not fall within the exception for protected quotation status set forth in Rule 611(b)(2) of the Exchange Act because they will only settle more quickly than T+2 where all of the conditions in Rule 25060(h) are met, as described above, where settlement faster than T+2 is consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency.73 In adopting amendments to SEC Rule 15c6–1 in 2017 to shorten the standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer transactions in securities from T+3 to T+2, the Commission stated its belief that the shorter settlement cycle would have positive effects regarding the liquidity risks and costs faced by members in a clearing agency, like NSCC, that performs central counterparty 74 (‘‘CCP’’) services, and that it would also have positive effects for other market participants. Specifically, the Commission stated its belief that the resulting ‘‘reduction in the amount of unsettled trades and the period of time during which the CCP is exposed to risk would reduce the amount of financial resources that the CCP members may have to provide to support the CCP’s risk management process . . .’’ and that ‘‘[t]his reduction 71 Id. 72 17 CFR 242.611. CFR 242.611(b)(2). 74 See 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(a)(2) (defining the term ‘‘central counterparty’’ to mean ‘‘a clearing agency that interposes itself between the counterparties to securities transactions, acting functionally as the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer’’). 73 17 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49426 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices in the potential need for financial resources should, in turn, reduce the liquidity costs and capital demands clearing broker-dealers face . . . and allow for improved capital utilization.’’ 75 The Commission went on to state its belief that shortening the settlement cycle ‘‘would also lead to benefits to other market participants, including introducing broker-dealers, institutional investors, and retail investors’’ such as ‘‘quicker access to funds and securities following trade execution’’ and ‘‘reduced margin charges and other fees that clearing broker-dealers may pass down to other market participants[.]’’ 76 The Commission also ‘‘noted that a move to a T+1 standard settlement cycle could have similar qualitative benefits of market, credit, and liquidity risk reduction for market participants[.]’’ 77 BSTX agrees with these statements by the Commission and has therefore proposed BSTX Rules 25060(h) and 25100(d) in a form that would promote the benefits of available, shorter settlement cycles.78 Proposed BSTX Rules The discussion in this Part III addresses the proposed BSTX Rules that would be adopted as Rule Series 17000 through 29000. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 General Provisions of BSTX and Definitions (Rule 17000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 17000 Series (General Provisions of BSTX) a set of general provisions relating to the trading of Securities and other rules governing participation on BSTX. Proposed Rule 17000 sets forth the defined terms used throughout the BSTX Rules. The majority of the proposed definitions are substantially similar to defined terms used in other equities exchange rulebooks, such as with respect to the term ‘‘customer.’’ 79 75 Exchange Act Release No. 80295 (March 22, 2017), 82 FR 15564, 15570–71 (March 29, 2017). 76 Id. at 15571. 77 Id. at 15582. 78 As described in this Part II.I, an order for a Security marked for T+0 or T+1 could still interact with any other order, including an order with the default T+2 settlement, with settlement to occur at the later of any two matched orders (e.g., if a T+1 order matches with a T+2 order, the orders would settle T+2). Only where an order marked for a shorter settlement time matches with another order similarly marked would a shorter settlement time occur. Consequently, the proposed use of shorter settlement times would not adversely impact any market participant seeking T+2 settlement in a transaction for a Security. 79 Proposed Rule 17000(a)(17) defines the term ‘‘customer’’ to not include a broker or dealer, which parallels the same definition in other exchange rulebooks. See e.g., IEX Rule 1.160(j). Similarly, the Exchange proposes to define the term ‘‘Regular Trading Hours’’ as the time between 9:30 a.m. and VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 The Exchange proposes to set forth new definitions for certain terms to specifically identify systems, agreements, or persons as they relate to BSTX and as distinct from other Exchange systems, agreements, or persons that may be used in connection with the trading of other options on the Exchange.80 The Exchange also proposes to define certain unique terms relating to the trading of Securities, including the term ‘‘Security’’ itself,81 as well as for other features of BSTX such as the ‘‘BSTX Market Data Blockchain.’’ 82 In addition to setting forth proposed definitions used throughout the proposed Rules, the Exchange proposes to specify in proposed Rule 17010 (Applicability) that the Rules set forth in the Rule 17000 Series to Rule 29000 Series apply to the trading, listing, and related matters pertaining to the trading of Securities. Proposed Rule 17010(b) provides that, unless specific Rules relating to Securities govern or unless the context otherwise requires, the provisions of any Exchange Rule (i.e., including Exchange Rules in the Rule 100 through 16000 Series) shall be applicable to BSTX Participants.83 This is intended to make clear that BSTX Participants are subject to all of the Exchange’s Rules that may be applicable to them, notwithstanding that their trading activity may be limited solely to trading Securities. The Exchange believes that the proposed definitions set forth in Rule 17000 are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 84 because they protect investors 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. See proposed Rule 17000(a)(29) cf. IEX Rule 1.160(gg) (defining ‘‘Regular Market Hours’’ in the same manner). 80 For example, the Exchange proposes to define the term ‘‘BSTX’’ to mean the facility of the Exchange for executing transaction in Securities, the term ‘‘BSTX Participant’’ to mean a Participant or Options Participant (as those terms are defined in the Exchange’s Rule 100 Series) that is authorized to trade Securities, and the term ‘‘BSTX System’’ to mean the automated trading system used by BSTX for the trading of Securities. See proposed Rule 17000(a)(8), (11), and (15). 81 Proposed Rule 17000(a)(31) provides that the term ‘‘Security’’ means a NMS stock, as defined in Rule 600(b)(47) of the Exchange Act, trading on the BSTX System. The proposed definition further specifies that references to a ‘‘security’’ or ‘‘securities’’ in the Rules may include Securities. 82 Proposed Rule 17000(a)(9) provides that the term ‘‘BSTX Market Data Blockchain’’ means the private, permissioned blockchain network through which a BSTX Participant may access certain order and transaction data related to trading activity on BSTX. See Part II.F for further discussion of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. 83 Proposed Rule 17010 further specifies that to the extent the provisions of the Rules relating to the trading of Securities contained in Rule 17000 Series to Rule 29000 Series are inconsistent with any other provisions of the Exchange Rules, the Rules relating to Security trading shall control. 84 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 and the public interest by setting forth clear definitions that help BSTX Participants understand and apply Exchange Rules. Without clearly defining terms used in the Exchanges Rules and providing clarity as to the Exchange Rules that may apply, market participants could be confused as to the application of certain rules, which could cause harm to investors. Participation on BSTX (Rule 18000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 18000 Series (Participation on BSTX), three rules setting forth certain requirements relating to participation on BSTX. Proposed Rule 18000 (BSTX Participation) establishes ‘‘BSTX Participants’’ as a new category of Exchange participation for effecting transactions on the BSTX System, provided they: (i) Complete the BSTX Participant Application, Participation Agreement, and User Agreement; 85 (ii) be an existing Options Participant or become a Participant of the Exchange pursuant to the Rule 2000 Series; and (iii) provide such other information as required by the Exchange.86 Proposed Rule 18010 (Requirements for BSTX Participants) sets forth certain requirements for BSTX Participants including requirements that each BSTX Participant comply with Rule 15c3–1 under the Exchange Act, comply with applicable books and records requirements, and be a member of a registered clearing agency or clear Security transactions through another BSTX Participant that is a member/ participant of a registered clearing agency.87 Finally, proposed Rule 18020 (Associated Persons) provides that associated persons of a BSTX Participant are bound by the Rules of the Exchange to the same extent as each BSTX Participant. The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 18000 Series (Participation on BSTX) is consistent 85 The BSTX Participant Application, Participation Agreement, and User Agreement have been submitted as Exhibits 3A, 3B, and 3C to the proposal respectively. 86 Proposed Rule 18000 also sets forth the Exchange’s review process regarding BSTX Participation Agreements and certain limitations on the ability to transfer BSTX Participant status (e.g., in the case of a change of control). In addition proposed Rule 18000(b)(2) provides that a BSTX Participant shall continue to abide by all applicable requirements of the Rule 2000 Series, which would include, for example, IM–2040–5, which specifies continuing education requirements of Exchange Participants and their associated persons. 87 Proposed Rule 18010(b) is similar to the rules of existing exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 2.160(c). Proposed Rule 18010(a) is also similar to the rules of existing exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 1.160(s) and Cboe BZX Rule 17.2(a). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 88 because these proposed rules are designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, and protect investors and the public interest by setting forth the requirements to become a BSTX Participant and specifying that associated persons of a BSTX Participant are bound by Exchange Rules. Under proposed Rule 18000, a BSTX Participant must first become an Exchange Participant pursuant to the Exchange Rule 2000 Series which the Exchange believes would help assure that BSTX Participants meet the appropriate standards for trading on BSTX in furtherance of the protection of investors.89 Business Conduct for BSTX Participants (Rule 19000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 19000 Series (Business Conduct for BSTX Participants), twenty two rules relating to business conduct requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to business conduct rules of other exchanges.90 The proposed Rule 19000 Series would specify business conduct requirements with respect to: (i) Just and equitable principles of trade; 91 (ii) adherence to law; 92 (iii) use of fraudulent devices; 93 (iv) false statements; 94 (v) know your customer; 95 (vi) fair dealing with 88 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). Exchange notes that the approach of requiring members of a facility of an exchange to first become members of the exchange is consistent with the approach used by another national securities exchange. See Cboe BZX Rule 17.1(b)(3) (requiring that a Cboe BZX options member be an existing member or become a member of the Cboe BZX equities exchange pursuant to the Cboe BZX Chapter II Series). 90 See Cboe BZX Chapter 5 rules. See also IEX Rule 5.150 with respect to proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of Material, Non-Public Information). 91 Proposed Rule 19000 (Just and Equitable Principles of Trade) provides that no BSTX Participant, including its associated persons, shall engage in acts or practices inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade. 92 Proposed Rule 19010 (Adherence to Law) generally requires BSTX Participants to adhere to applicable laws and regulatory requirements. 93 Proposed Rule 19020 (Use of Fraudulent Devices) generally prohibits BSTX Participants from effecting a transaction in any security by means of a manipulative, deceptive or other fraudulent device or contrivance. 94 Proposed Rule 19030 (False Statements) generally prohibits BSTX Participants and their associated persons from making false statements or misrepresentations in communications with the Exchange. 95 Proposed Rule 19040 (Know Your Customer) requires BSTX Participants to comply with FINRA Rule 2090 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 89 The VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 customers; 96 (vii) suitability; 97 (viii) the prompt receipt and delivery of securities; 98 (ix) charges for services performed; 99 (x) use of information obtained in a fiduciary capacity; 100 (xi) publication of transactions and quotations; 101 (xii) offers at stated prices; 102 (xiii) payments involving publications that influence the market price of a security; 103 (xiv) customer confirmations; 104 (xv) disclosure of a control relationship with an issuer of Securities; 105 (xvi) discretionary accounts; 106 (xvii) improper use of customers’ securities or funds and a prohibition against guarantees and sharing in accounts; 107 (xviii) the extent to which sharing in accounts is 96 Proposed Rule 19050 (Fair Dealing with Customers) generally requires BSTX Participants to deal fairly with customers and specifies certain activities that would violate the duty of fair dealing (e.g., churning or overtrading in relation to the objectives and financial situation of a customer). 97 Proposed Rule 19060 (Suitability) provides that BSTX Participants and their associated persons shall comply with FINRA Rule 2111 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules. 98 Proposed Rule 19070 (Prompt Receipt and Delivery of Securities) would generally prohibit a BSTX Participant from accepting a customer’s purchase order for a security until it can determine that the customer agrees to receive the securities against payment. 99 Proposed Rule 19080 (Charges for Services Performed) generally requires that charges imposed on customers by broker-dealers shall be reasonable and not unfairly discriminatory. 100 Proposed Rule 19090 (Use of Information Obtained in a Fiduciary Capacity) generally restricts the use of information as to the ownership of securities when acting in certain capacities (e.g., as a trustee). 101 Proposed Rule 19100 (Publication of Transactions and Quotations) generally prohibits a BSTX Participant from disseminating a transaction or quotation information unless the BSTX Participant believes it to be bona fide. 102 Proposed Rule 19110 (Offers at Stated Prices) generally prohibits a BSTX Participant from offering to transact in a security at a stated price unless it is in fact prepared to do so. 103 Proposed Rule 19120 (Payments Involving Publications that Influence the Market Price of a Security) generally prohibits direct or indirect payments with the aim of disseminating information that is intended to effect the price of a security. 104 Proposed Rule 19130 (Customer Confirmations) requires that BSTX Participants comply with Rule 10b–10 of the Exchange Act. 17 CFR 240.10b–10. 105 Proposed Rule 19140 (Disclosure of Control Relationship with Issuer) generally requires BSTX Participants to disclose any control relationship with an issuer of a security before effecting a transaction in that security for the customer. 106 Proposed Rule 19150 (Discretionary Accounts) generally provides certain restrictions on BSTX Participants handling of discretionary accounts, such as by effecting excessive transactions or obtained authorization to exercise discretionary powers. 107 Proposed Rule 19160 (Improper Use of Customers’ Securities or Funds and Prohibition against Guarantees and Sharing in Accounts) generally prohibits BSTX Participants from making improper use of customers securities or funds and prohibits guarantees to customers against losses. PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49427 permissible; 108 (xix) communications with customers and the public; 109 (xx) gratuities; 110 (xxi) telemarketing; 111 and (xxii) mandatory systems testing.112 The Exchange notes that the proposed financial responsibility rules are virtually identical to those of other national securities exchanges other than changes to defined terms and certain other provisions that would not apply to the trading of Securities on the BSTX System.113 The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 19000 Series (Business Conduct) is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 114 because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles of trade, and protect investors and the public interest by setting forth appropriate standards of conduct applicable to BSTX Participants in carrying out their business activities. For example, proposed Rule 19000 (Just and Equitable Principles of Trade) and 19010 (Adherence to Law) would prohibit BSTX Participants from engaging in acts or practices inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade or that would violate applicable laws and regulations. Similarly, proposed Rule 19050 (Fair Dealing with Customers) would require that BSTX Participants deal fairly with their customers and proposed Rule 19030 (False Statements) would generally prohibit BSTX Participants, or 108 Proposed Rule 19170 (Sharing in Accounts; Extent Permissible) generally prohibits BSTX Participants and their associated persons from sharing directly or indirectly in the profit or losses of the account of a customer unless certain exceptions apply such as where an associated person receives prior written authorization from the BSTX Participant with which he or she is associated. 109 Proposed Rule 19180 (Communications with Customers and the Public) generally provides that BSTX Participants and their associated persons shall comply with FINRA Rule 2210 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules. 110 Proposed Rule 19190 (Gratuities) requires BSTX Participants to comply with the requirements set forth in BOX Exchange Rule 3060 (Gratuities). 111 Proposed Rule 19200 (Telemarketing) requires that BSTX Participants and their associated persons comply with FINRA Rule 3230 as if such rule were part of the Exchange’s Rules. 112 Proposed Rule 19210 (Mandatory Systems Testing) requires that BSTX Participants comply with Exchange Rule 3180 (Mandatory Systems Testing). 113 For example, the Exchange is not proposing to adopt a rule contained in other exchanges’ business conduct rules relating to disclosures that brokerdealers give to their customers regarding the risks of effecting securities transactions during times other than during regular trading hours (e.g., higher volatility, possibly lower liquidity) because executions may only occur during regular trading hours on the BSTX System. See e.g., IEX Rule 3.290, Cboe BZX Rule 3.21. 114 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49428 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices their associated persons from making false statements or misrepresentations to the Exchange. The Exchange believes that requiring that BSTX Participants comply with the proposed business conduct rules in the Rule 19000 Series would further the protection of investors and the public interest by promoting high standards of commercial honor and integrity. In addition, each of the rules in the proposed Rule 19000 Series (Business Conduct) is substantially similar to supervisory rules of other exchanges.115 Financial and Operational Rules for BSTX Participants (Rule 20000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 20000 Series (Financial and Operational Rules), ten rules relating to financial and operational requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to financial and operational rules of other exchanges.116 The proposed Rule 20000 Series would specify financial and operational requirements with respect to: (i) Maintenance and furnishing of books and records; 117 (ii) financial reports; 118 (iii) net capital compliance; 119 (iv) early warning notifications pursuant to Rule 17a–11 under the Exchange Act; 120 (v) authority of the Chief Regulatory Officer to impose certain restrictions; 121 (vi) 115 See supra note 90. Cboe BZX Chapter 6 rules and IEX Chapter 5 rules. 117 Proposed Rule 20000 (Maintenance, Retention and Furnishing of Books, Records and Other Information) requires that BSTX Participants comply with current Exchange Rule 1000 (Maintenance, Retention and Furnishing of Books, Records and Other Information) and that BSTX Participants shall submit to the Exchange order, market and transaction data as the Exchange may specify by Information Circular. 118 Proposed Rule 20010 (Financial Reports) provides that BSTX Participants shall comply with the requirements of current Exchange Rule 10020 (Financial Reports). 119 Proposed Rule 20020 (Capital Compliance) provides that each BSTX Participant subject to Rule 15c3–1 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.15c3– 1) shall comply with such rule and other financial and operational rules contained in the proposed Rule 20000 series. 120 17 CFR 240.17a–11. Proposed Rule 20030 (‘‘Early Warning’’ Notification) provides that BSTX Participants subject to the reporting or notifications requirements of Rule 17a–11 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.17a–11) or similar ‘‘early warning’’ requirements imposed by other regulators shall provide the Exchange with certain reports and financial statements. 121 Proposed Rule 20040 (Power of CRO to Impose Restrictions) generally provides that the Exchange’s Chief Regulatory Officer may impose restrictions and conditions on a BSTX Participant subject to the early warning notification requirements under certain circumstances. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 116 See VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 margin; 122 (vii) day-trading margin; 123 (viii) customer account information; 124 (ix) maintaining records of customer complaints; 125 and (x) disclosure of financial condition.126 The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 20000 (Financial and Operational Rules) Series is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 127 because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles of trade, and protect investors and the public interest by subjecting BSTX Participants to certain recordkeeping, disclosure, and related requirements designed to ensure that BSTX Participants conduct themselves in a financially responsible manner. For example, proposed Rule 20000 would require BSTX Participants to comply with existing Exchange Rule 1000, which sets forth certain recordkeeping responsibilities and the obligation to furnish these to the Exchange upon request so that the Exchange can appropriately monitor the financial condition of a BSTX Participant and its compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Similarly, proposed Rule 20050 would set forth the margin requirements that BSTX Participants must retain with respect to customers trading in a margin account to ensure that BSTX Participants are not extending credit to customers in a manner that might put the financial condition of the BSTX Participant in jeopardy. Each of the proposed rules in the Rule 20000 Series (Financial and Operational Rules) is substantially similar to existing rules of other exchanges or incorporates an existing rule of the Exchange or another selfregulatory organization (‘‘SRO’’) by reference. 122 Proposed Rule 20050 (Margin) sets forth the required margin amounts for certain securities held in a customer’s margin account. 123 Proposed Rule 20060 (Day Trading Margin) sets forth additional requirements with respect to customers that engage in day trading. 124 Proposed Rule 20070 (Customer Account Information) requires that BSTX Participants comply with FINRA Rule 4512 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules and further clarifies certain cross-references within FINRA Rule 4512. 125 Proposed Rule 20080 (Record of Written Customer Complaints) requires that BSTX Participants comply with FINRA Rule 4513 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules. 126 Proposed Rule 20090 (Disclosure of Financial Condition) generally requires that BSTX Participants make available certain information regarding the BSTX Participant’s financial condition upon request of a customer. 127 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 Supervision (Rule 21000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 21000 Series (Supervision), six rules relating to certain supervisory requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to supervisory rules of other exchanges.128 The Proposed Rule 21000 Series would specify supervisory requirements with respect to: (i) Enforcing written procedures to appropriately supervise the BSTX Participant’s conduct and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements; 129 (ii) designation of an individual to carry out written supervisory procedures; 130 (iii) maintenance and keeping of records carrying out the BSTX Participant’s written supervisory procedures; 131 (iv) review of activities of each of a BSTX Participant’s offices, including periodic examination of customer accounts to detect and prevent irregularities or abuses; 132 (v) the prevention of the misuse of material non-public information; 133 and (vi) implementation of an anti-money laundering (‘‘AML’’) compliance program.134 These rules are designed to ensure that BSTX Participants are able to appropriately supervise their business activities, review and maintain records with respect to such supervision, and enforce specific procedures relating insidertrading and AML. The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 21000 (Supervision) Series is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 135 because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles of trade, and protect investors 128 See Cboe BZX Chapter 5 rules. See also IEX Rule 5.150 with respect to proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of Material, Non-Public Information). 129 Proposed Rule 21000 (Written Procedures). 130 Proposed Rule 21010 (Responsibility of BSTX Participants) would also require that a copy of a BSTX’s written supervisory procedures be kept in each office and makes clear that final responsibility for proper supervision rests with the BSTX Participant. 131 Proposed Rule 21020 (Records). 132 Proposed Rule 21030 (Review of Activities). 133 Proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of Material, Non-Public Information) generally requires BSTX Participants to enforce written procedures designed to prevent misuse of material non-public information and sets forth examples of conduct that would constitute a misuse of material, non-public information. 134 Proposed Rule 21050 (Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program). The Exchange already has rules with respect to Exchange Participants enforcing an AML compliance program set forth in Exchange Rule 10070 (Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program), so proposed Rule 21050 specifies that BSTX Participants shall comply with the requirements of that pre-existing rule. 135 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices and the public interest by ensuring that BSTX Participants have appropriate supervisory controls in place to carry out their business activities in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. For example, proposed Rule 21000 (Written Procedures) would require BSTX Participants to enforce written procedures which enable them to supervise the activities of their associated persons and proposed Rule 21010 (Responsibility of BSTX Participants) would require a BSTX Participant to designate a person in each office to carry out written supervisory procedures. Requiring appropriate supervision of a BSTX Participant’s business activities and associated persons would promote compliance with the federal securities laws and other applicable regulatory requirements in furtherance of the protection of investors and the public interest.136 In addition, each of the rules in the proposed Rule 21000 Series (Supervision) is substantially similar to supervisory rules of other exchanges.137 Miscellaneous Provisions (Rule 22000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 22000 Series (Miscellaneous Provisions), six rules relating to a variety of miscellaneous requirements applicable to BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to rules of other exchanges.138 These miscellaneous provisions relate to: (i) Comparison and settlement requirements; 139 (ii) failures to deliver and failures to receive; 140 (iii) forwarding of proxy and other issuerrelated materials; 141 (iv) 136 Id. 137 See supra note 128. Cboe BZX Chapter 13 rules. See also IEX Rule 6.180 with respect to proposed Rule 22050 (Transactions Involving BOX Employees). 139 Proposed Rule 22000 (Comparison and Settlement Requirements) provides that a BSTX Participant that is a member of a registered clearing agency shall implement comparison and settlement procedures as may be required under the rules of such entity. The proposed rule would further provide that, notwithstanding this general provision, the Board may extend or postpone the time of delivery of a BSTX transaction whenever the Board determines that it is called for by the public interest, just and equitable principles of trade or to address unusual conditions. In such a case, delivery will occur as directed by the Board. 140 Proposed Rule 22010 (Failure to Deliver and Failure to Receive) provides that borrowing and deliveries must be effected in accordance with Rule 203 of Regulation SHO (17 CFR 242.203) and incorporates Rules 200–203 of Regulation SHO by reference into the rule (17 CFR 242.200–203). 141 Proposed Rule 22020 (Forwarding of Proxy and Other Information; Proxy Voting) generally provides that BSTX Participants shall forward proxy materials when requested by an issuer and sets forth certain conditions and limitations for BSTX Participants to give a proxy to vote stock that is registered in its name. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 138 See VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 commissions; 142 (v) regulatory services agreements; 143 and (vi) transactions involving Exchange employees.144 These rules are designed to capture additional regulatory requirements applicable to BSTX Participants, such as setting forth their obligation to deliver proxy materials at the request of an issuer and to incorporate by reference Rule 200–203 of Regulation SHO.145 The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 22000 (Miscellaneous Provisions) Series is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 146 because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles of trade, and protect investors and the public interest by ensuring that BSTX Participants comply with additional regulatory requirements, such as Rule 203 of Regulation SHO 147 as provided in proposed Rule 22010 (Failure to Deliver and Failure to Receive), in connection with their participation on BSTX. For example, proposed Rule 22030 (Commissions) prohibits BSTX Participants from charging fixed rates of commissions for transactions on the Exchange consistent with Section 6(e)(1) of the Exchange Act.148 Similarly, proposed Rule 22050 (Transactions involving Exchange Employees) sets forth certain requirements and prohibitions relating to a BSTX Participant providing certain financial services to an Exchange employee, which the Exchange believes helps prevent potentially fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices and furthers the protection of investors and the public interest. In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 22060 to provide a highlevel description of the market data 142 Proposed Rule 22030 (Commissions) provides that the Exchange Rules or practices shall not be construed to allow a BSTX Participant or its associated persons to agree or arrange for the charging of fixed rates commissions for transactions on the Exchange. 143 Proposed Rule 22040 (Regulatory Service Agreement) provides that the Exchange may enter into regulatory services agreements with other SROs to assist in carrying out regulatory functions, but the Exchange shall retain ultimate legal responsibility for, and control of, its SRO responsibilities. 144 Proposed Rule 22040 (Transactions Involving Exchange Employees) sets forth conditions and limitations on a BSTX Participant providing loans or supporting the account of an Exchange employee (e.g., promptly obtaining and implementing an instruction from the employee to provide duplicate account statement to the Exchange) in order to mitigate any potential conflicts of interest that might arise from such a relationship. 145 17 CFR 242.200–203. 146 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 147 17 CFR 242.203. 148 15 U.S.C. 78f(e)(1). PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49429 products that the Exchange will offer. Specifically, proposed Rule 22060 sets forth a brief description of: (i) BSTX Depth-of Book data,149 (ii) BSTX Top-ofBook,150 (iii) BSTX Last Sale,151 and (iv) the BSTX Market Data Blockchain.152 The Exchange believes that providing a brief description of the market data product offerings by the Exchange in the rulebook promotes clarity to market participants with respect to the Exchange’s different market data product offerings, which the Exchange believes helps may serve to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,153 by ensuring market participants are adequately informed of the Exchange’s offerings. The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 22060 is substantially similar to a rule of another national securities exchange.154 Trading Practice Rules (Rule 23000 Series) The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 23000 Series (Trading Practice Rules), 14 rules relating to trading practice requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to trading practice rules of other exchanges.155 The proposed Rule 23000 Series would specify trading practice requirements related to: (i) Market manipulation; (ii) fictitious transactions; (iii) excessive sales by a BSTX Participant; (iv) manipulative transactions; (v) dissemination of false information; (vi) prohibition against trading ahead of customer orders; (vii) joint activity; (viii) influencing data feeds; (ix) trade shredding; (x) best execution; (xi) publication of transactions and changes; (xii) trading ahead of research reports; (xiii) front running of block transactions; and (xiv) a prohibition against disruptive quoting and trading activity. The purpose of the trading practice rules is to set forth standards and rules relating to the 149 BSTX Depth-of-Book would be a data feed that contains all displayed orders for Securities trading on the Exchange, order executions, order cancellations, order modifications, and administrative messages. 150 BSTX Top-of-Book would be an uncompressed data feed that offers top of book quotations and execution information based on orders entered into the BSTX System. 151 BSTX Last Sale would be an uncompressed data feed that offers only execution information based on orders entered into the BSTX System. 152 The BSTX Market Data Blockchain is described in proposed Rule 22060(d) as historical market data with respect to trading on the BSTX System, as set forth in Rule 17020. 153 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 154 See MEMX LLC Rule 13.8. 155 See Cboe BZX Chapter 12 rules. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49430 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 trading conduct of BSTX Participants, primarily with respect to prohibiting forms of market manipulation and specifying certain obligations brokerdealers have to their customers, such as the duty of best execution. For example, proposed Rule 23000 (Market Manipulation) sets forth a general prohibition against a BSTX Participant purchasing a security at successively higher prices or sales of a security at successively lower prices, or to otherwise engage in activity for the purpose of creating or inducing a false, misleading or artificial appearance of activity in such security.156 Proposed Rule 23010 (Fictitious Transactions) similarly prohibits BSTX Participants from fictitious transaction activity, such as executing a transaction which involves no beneficial change in ownership, and proposed Rule 23020 (Excessive Sales by a BSTX Participant) prohibits a BSTX Participant from executing purchases or sales in any security trading on the Exchange for any account in which it has an interest, which are excessive in view of the BSTX Participant’s financial resources or in view of the market for such security.157 Proposed Rule 23060 (Joint Activity) prohibits a BSTX Participant from directly or indirectly holding any interest or participation in any joint account for buying or selling a security traded on the Exchange unless reported to the Exchange with certain information provided and proposed Rule 23090 (Best Execution) reaffirms 156 Proposed Rule 23030 (Manipulative Transactions) specifies further prohibitions relating to potential manipulation by prohibiting BSTX Participants from, among other things, participating or having any direct or indirect interest in the profits of a manipulative operation or knowingly managing or financing a manipulative operation. 157 Other proposed rules relating to potential manipulation include: (i) Rule 23040 (Dissemination of False Information), which generally prohibits, consistent with Exchange Rule 3080, BSTX Participants from spreading information that is false or misleading; (ii) Rule 23070 (Influencing Data Feeds), which generally prohibits transactions to influence data feeds; (iii) Rule 23080 (Trade Shredding), which generally prohibits conduct that has the intent or effect of splitting any order into multiple smaller orders for the primary purpose of maximizing remuneration to the BSTX Participant; (iv) Rule 23110 (Trading Ahead of Research Reports), which generally prohibits BSTX Participants from trading based on non-public advance knowledge of a research report and requires BSTX Participants to enforce policies and procedures to limit information flow from research personnel to trading personnel that might trade on such information; (v) Rule 23120 (Front Running Block Transactions), which incorporates FINRA Rule 5270 as though it were part of the Exchange’s Rules; and (vi) Rule 23130 (Disruptive Quoting and Trading Activity Prohibited), which incorporates Exchange Rule 3220 by reference. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 BSTX Participants best execution obligations to their customers.158 Proposed Rule 23050 (Prohibition against Trading Ahead of Customer Orders) is substantially similar to FINRA 5320 and rules adopted by other exchanges,159 and generally prohibits BSTX Participants from trading ahead of customer orders unless certain enumerated exceptions are available and requires BSTX Participants to have a written methodology in place governing execution priority to ensure compliance with the Rule. The Exchange proposes to adopt each of the exceptions to the prohibition against trading ahead of customer orders as provided in FINRA Rule 5320 other than the exception related to trading outside of normal market hours, since trading on the Exchange would be limited to regular trading hours. The Exchange proposes to adopt the order handling procedures requirement in proposed Rule 23050(i) consistent with the rules of other exchanges.160 Specifically, proposed Rule 23050(i) would provide that a BSTX Participant must make every effort to execute a marketable customer order that it receives fully and promptly and must cross customer orders when they are marketable against each other consistent with the proposed Rule. The Exchange proposes to adopt a modified version of the exception set forth in FINRA Rule 5320.06 relating to minimum price improvement standards as proposed in Rule 23050(h). Under proposed Rule 23050(h), BSTX Participants would be permitted to execute an order on a proprietary basis when holding an unexecuted limit order in that same security without being required to execute the held limit order provided that they give price improvement of $0.01 to the unexecuted held limit order. While FINRA Rule 5320.06 sets forth alternate, lower price improvement standards for securities priced below $1, the Exchange proposes to adopt a uniform price improvement requirement of $0.01 for Securities traded on the BSTX System consistent with the Exchange’s proposed uniform minimum price variant of $0.01 set forth in proposed Rule 25030. In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt an exception for bona fide error 158 In addition, proposed Rule 23100 (Publication of Transactions and Changes) provides that the Exchange will disseminate transaction information to appropriate data feeds, BSTX Participants must provide information necessary to facilitate the dissemination of such information, and that an Exchange official shall be responsible for approving corrections to any reports transmitted over data feeds. 159 See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.6. 160 See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.6.07. PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 transactions as proposed in Rule 25030(g) which would allow a BSTX Participant to trade ahead of a customer order if the trade is to correct a bona fide error, as defined in the rule. This proposed exception is nearly identical to similar exceptions of other exchanges 161 except that other exchange rules also provide an exception whereby firms may submit a proprietary order ahead of a customer order to offset a customer order that is in an amount other than a round lot (i.e., 100 shares). The Exchange is not adopting an exception for odd-lot orders under these circumstances because the minimum unit of trading for Securities pursuant to proposed Rule 25020 is one Security. The Exchange believes that there may be a notable amount of trading in amounts of less than 100 Securities (i.e., trading in odd-lot amounts), and the Exchange accordingly does not believe that it is appropriate to allow BSTX Participants to trade ahead of customer orders just to offset an oddlot customer order. The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 23000 Series relating to trading practice rules is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 162 because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices that could harm investors and to promote just and equitable principles of trade. The proposed rules in the Rule 23000 Series are substantially similar to the rules of other exchanges and generally include a variety of prohibitions against types of trading activity or other conduct that could potentially be manipulative, such as prohibitions against market manipulation, fictitious transactions, and the dissemination of false information. The Exchange has proposed to exclude certain provisions from, or make certain modifications to, comparable rules of other SROs, as detailed above, in order to account for certain unique aspects related to the proposed trading of Securities. The Exchange believes that it is consistent with applicable requirements under the Exchange Act to exclude these provisions and exceptions because they set forth requirements that would not apply to BSTX Participants trading in Securities and are not necessary for the Exchange to carry out its functions of facilitating Security transactions and regulating BSTX Participants. Disciplinary Rules (Rule 24000 Series) With respect to disciplinary matters, the Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 161 See 162 15 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.5.05. U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices 24000 (Discipline and Summary Suspension), which provides that the provisions of the Exchange Rule 11000 Series (Summary Suspension), 12000 Series (Discipline), 13000 Series (Review of Certain Exchange Actions), and 14000 Series (Arbitration) of the Exchange Rules shall be applicable to BSTX Participants and trading on the BSTX System. The Exchange already has Rules pertaining to discipline and suspension of Exchange Participants that it proposes to extend to BSTX Participants and trading on the BSTX System. The Exchange also proposes to adopt as Rule 24010 a minor rule violation plan with respect to transactions on BSTX.163 Proposed Rule 24000 incorporates by reference existing rules that have already been approved by the Commission. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Trading Rules and the BSTX System (Rule 25000 Series) Rule 25000—Access to and Conduct on the BSTX Marketplace The Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 25000 (Access to and Conduct on the BSTX Marketplace) to set forth rules relating to access to the BSTX System and certain conduct requirements applicable to BSTX Participants. Specifically, proposed Rule 25000 provides that only BSTX Participants, including their associated persons, that are approved for trading on the BSTX System shall effect any transaction on the BSTX System. Proposed Rule 25000(b) generally requires that a BSTX Participant maintain a list of authorized traders that may obtain access to the BSTX System on behalf of the BSTX Participant, have procedures in place reasonably designed to ensure that all authorized traders comply with Exchange Rules and to prevent unauthorized access to the BSTX System, and to provide the list of authorized traders to the Exchange upon request. Proposed Rule 25000(c) and (d) restate provisions that are already set forth in Exchange Rule 7000, generally providing that BSTX Participants shall not engage in conduct that is inconsistent with the maintenance of a fair and orderly market or the ordinary and efficient conduct of business, as well as conduct that is likely to impair public confidence in the operations of the Exchange. Examples of such prohibited conduct include failure to abide by a determination of the Exchange, refusal to provide information requested by the Exchange, 163 The proposed additions to the Exchange’s minor rule violation plan pursuant to proposed Rule 24010 are discussed below in Part IV. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 and failure to adequately supervise employees. Proposed Rule 25000(f) provides the Exchange with authority to suspend or terminate access to the BSTX System under certain circumstances. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25000 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 164 because it is designed to protect investors and the public interest and promote just and equitable principles of trade by ensuring that BSTX Participants would not allow for unauthorized access to the BSTX System and would not engage in conduct detrimental to the maintenance of fair and orderly markets. Rule 25010—Days/Hours Proposed Rule 25010 sets forth the days and hours during which BSTX would be open for business and during which transactions may be effected on the BSTX System. Under the proposed rule, transactions may be executed on the BSTX System between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The proposed rule also specifies certain holidays BSTX would be not be open (e.g., New Year’s Day) and provides that the Chief Executive Officer, President, or Chief Regulatory Officer of the Exchange, or such person’s designee who is a senior officer of the Exchange, shall have the power to halt or suspend trading in any Securities, close some or all of BSTX’s facilities, and determine the duration of any such halt, suspension, or closing, when such person deems the action necessary for the maintenance of fair and orderly markets, the protection of investors, or otherwise in the public interest. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25010 is designed to protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,165 by setting forth the days and hours that trades may be effected on the BSTX System and by providing officers of the Exchange with the authority to halt or suspend trading when such officers believe that such action is necessary or appropriate to maintain fair and orderly markets or to protect investors or in the public interest. Rule 25020—Units of Trading Proposed Rule 25020 sets forth the minimum unit of trading on the BSTX System, which shall be one Security. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25020 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 166 because 164 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 166 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 165 15 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49431 it fosters cooperation and coordination of persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities by specifying the minimum unit of trading of Securities on the BSTX System. In addition, other exchanges similarly provide that the minimum unit of trading is one share for their market and/or for certain securities.167 Rule 25030—Minimum Price Variant Proposed Rule 25030 provides the minimum price variant for Securities shall be $0.01. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25030 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because it fosters cooperation and coordination of persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities by specifying the minimum price variant for Securities and promotes compliance with Rule 612 of Regulation NMS.168 Under Rule 612 of Regulation NMS, the Exchange is, among other things, prohibited from displaying, ranking or accepting from any person a bid or offer or order in an NMS stock in an increment smaller than $0.01 if that bid or offer or order is priced equal to or greater than $1.00 per share. Where a bid or offer or order is priced less than or equal to $1.00 per share, the minimum acceptable increment is $0.0001. Proposed Rule 25030 sets a uniform minimum price variant for all Securities of $0.01 irrespective of whether the Security is trading below $1.00. Rule 25040—Opening the Marketplace Proposed Rule 25040 sets forth the opening process for the BSTX System for BSTX-listed Securities and nonBSTX-listed securities. For BSTX-listed Securities, the Exchange proposes to allow for order entry to commence at 8:30 a.m. ET during the Pre-Opening Phase. Proposed Rule 25040(a) provides that orders will not execute during the Pre-Opening Phase, which lasts until regular trading hours begin at 9:30 a.m. ET.169 Similar to how the Exchange’s opening process works for options trading, BSTX would disseminate a theoretical opening price (‘‘TOP’’) to BSTX Participants, which is the price at which the opening match would occur at a given moment in time.170 Under the proposed rule, the Exchange will also broadcast other information during the Pre-Opening Phase. Specifically, in 167 See e.g., IEX Rule 11.180. CFR 242.611. 169 As a result, orders marked IOC submitted during the Pre-Opening Phase would be rejected by the BSTX System. See proposed Rule 25040(a)(7). 170 The TOP can only be calculated where the BSTX Book is crossed during the Pre-Opening Phase. See proposed Rule 25040(a)(2). 168 17 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49432 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 addition to the TOP, the Exchange would disseminate pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(a)(3): (i) ‘‘Paired Securities,’’ which is the quantity of Securities that would execute at the TOP; (ii) the ‘‘Imbalance Quantity,’’ which is the number of Securities that may not be matched with other orders at the TOP at the time of dissemination; and (iii) the ‘‘Imbalance Side,’’ which is the buy/sell direction of any imbalance at the time of dissemination (collectively, with the TOP, ‘‘Broadcast Information’’).171 Broadcast Information would be recalculated and disseminated every time a new order is received or cancelled and where such event causes the TOP or Paired Securities to change. With respect to priority during the opening match for all Securities, consistent with proposed Rule 25080 (Execution and Price/Time Priority), among multiple orders at the same price, execution priority during the opening match is determined based on the time the order was received by the BSTX System. Consistent with the manner in which the Exchange opens options trading, the BSTX System would determine a single price at which a BSTX-listed Security would be opened by calculating the optimum number of Securities that could be matched at a price, taking into consideration all the orders on the BSTX Book.172 Proposed Rule 25040(a)(6) provides that the opening match price is the price which results in the matching of the highest number of Securities. If two or more prices would satisfy this maximum quantity criteria, the price leaving the fewest resting Securities in the BSTX Book will be selected at the opening price and where two or more prices would satisfy the maximum quantity criteria and leave the fewest Securities in the BSTX Book, the price closest to the previous day’s closing price will be selected.173 The opening price must also be within the ‘‘Collar Price Range’’ as set forth in proposed Rule 25040(a)(5), which is designed to ensure that a Security opens in an fair and orderly manner and under market conditions where there is sufficient quotation interest (e.g., a national best bid and offer), the market 171 Pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(a)(3), any orders which are at a better price (i.e., bid higher or offer lower) than the TOP would be shown only as a total quantity on the BSTX Book at a price equal to the TOP. 172 See proposed Rule 25040(a)(4)(ii). 173 With respect to an initial public offering of a Security where there is no previous day’s closing price, the opening price would be the price assigned to the Security by the underwriter for the offering, referred to as the ‘‘Initial Security Offering Reference Price.’’ See Proposed Rule 25040(a)(5)(ii)(3). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 is not crossed, and where the opening price will not drastically depart from the market at the time of the auction or the preceding day’s closing price.174 Unexecuted trading interest during the opening match will move to the BSTX Book and will preserve price time priority.175 When the BSTX System cannot determine an opening price of a BSTX-listed Security at the start of regular trading hours, BSTX would nevertheless open the Security for trading and move all trading interest received during the Pre-Opening Phase to the BSTX Book.176 For initial public offerings of Securities (‘‘Initial Security Offerings’’), the process would be generally the same as regular market openings. However, in advance of an Initial Security Offering auction (‘‘Initial Security Offering Auction’’), the Exchange shall announce a ‘‘Quote-Only Period’’ that shall be between fifteen (15) and thirty (30) minutes plus a short random period prior to the Initial Security Offering Auction.177 The Quote-Only Period may be extended in certain cases.178 As with regular market openings the Exchange would disseminate Broadcast Information at the commencement of the Quote Only Period, and Broadcast Information would be re-calculated and disseminated every time a new order is received or cancelled and where such event causes the TOP price or Paired Securities to change.179 In the event of any extension to the Quote-Only Period or a trading pause, the Exchange will notify market participants regarding the circumstances and length of the extension.180 Orders will be matched and executed at the conclusion of the Quote-Only Period, rather than at 9:30 a.m. Eastern Time.181 Following the 174 See proposed Rule 25040(a)(5). The Exchange notes that the auction collars proposed in Rule 25040(a)(5) are substantially similar to those of Cboe BZX. See Cboe BZX Rule 11.23. 175 See proposed Rule 25040(a)(7). 176 Id. 177 See proposed Rule 25040(b)(1). 178 Such cases are when: (i) There is no TOP; (ii) the underwriter requests an extension; (iii) the TOP moves the greater of 10% or fifty (50) cents in the fifteen (15) seconds prior to the initial cross; or (iv) in the event of a technical or systems issue at the Exchange that may impair the ability of BSTX Participants to participate in the Initial Security Offering or of the Exchange to complete the Initial Security Offering. See proposed Rule 25040(b)(2). 179 See proposed Rule 25040(b)(3). 180 See proposed Rule 25040(b)(4). The Exchange also proposes that if a trading pause is triggered by the Exchange or if the Exchange is unable to reopen trading at the end of the trading pause due to a systems or technology issue, the Exchange will immediately notify the single plan processor responsible for consolidation of information for the security pursuant to Rule 603 of Regulation NMS under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Id. 181 See proposed Rule 25040(b)(5). PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 initial cross at the end of the QuoteOnly Period wherein orders will execute based on price/time priority consistent with proposed Rule 25080, the Exchange will transition to normal trading pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(a)(6).182 The Exchange also proposes a process for reopening trading following a Limit Up-Limit Down Halt or trading pause (‘‘Halt Auctions’’). For Halt Auctions, the Exchange proposes that in advance of reopening, the Exchange shall announce a Quote-Only Period that shall be five (5) minutes prior to the Halt Auction.183 This Quote-Only Period may be extended in certain circumstances.184 The Exchange proposes to disseminate the same Broadcast Information as it does for an Initial Security Offering Auction and would similarly provide notification of any extension to the quote-only period as with an Initial Security Offering Auction.185 The transition to normal trading would also occur in the same manner as Initial Security Offering Auctions, as described above.186 The Exchange also proposes to adopt certain contingency procedures in proposed Rule 25040(d) that would provide that when a disruption occurs that prevents the execution of an Initial Security Offering Auction the Exchange will publicly announce the Quote-Only Period for the Initial Security Offering Auction, and the Exchange will then cancel all orders on the BSTX Book and 182 As with the regular opening process, orders marked IOC submitted during the Pre-Opening Phase of an Initial Security Offering Auction would be rejected. See proposed Rule 25040(b)(6). 183 See proposed Rule 25040(c)(1). Orders marked IOC submitted during the Quote-Only Period would be rejected. In addition, Halt Auctions would be subject to the proposed Halt Auction Collar, as set forth in proposed Rule 25040(c)(2)(i) and (ii). These proposed collars for Halt Auctions are substantially similar to those provided by Cboe BZX, and are designed to make sure that the Exchange is able to reopen trading in a Security in a fair and orderly manner. See Cboe BZX Rule 11.23(d). To the extent an Halt Auction would occur at an ‘‘Impermissible Price’’ (i.e., a price outside of the proposed Halt Auction collars), the Exchange would extend the period of Halt Auction and gradually expand the scope of the collar price range over time until it is able to re-open trading in the Security in a manner consistent with proposed Rule 25040(c)(2). 184 See proposed Rule 25040(c)(2). The QuoteOnly Period shall be extended for an additional five (5) minutes should a Halt Auction be unable to be performed due to the absence of a TOP (‘‘Initial Extension Period’’). After the Initial Extension Period, the Exchange proposes that the Quote-Only Period shall be extended for additional five (5) minute periods should a Halt Auction be unable to be performed due to absence of a TOP (‘‘Additional Extension Period’’) until a Halt Auction occurs. Under the proposed Rule, the Exchange shall attempt to conduct a Halt Auction during the course of each Additional Extension Period. Id. 185 See proposed Rule 25040(c)(3)–(5). 186 Id. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices disseminate a new scheduled time for the Quote-Only Period and opening match.187 Similarly, when a disruption occurs that prevents the execution of a Halt Auction, the Exchange will publicly announce that no Halt Auction will occur, and all orders in the halted Security on the BSTX Book will be canceled after which the Exchange will open the Security for trading without an auction.188 The opening process with respect to non-BSTX-listed securities is set forth in proposed Rule 25040(e). Pursuant to that Rule, BSTX Participants who wish to participate in the opening process may submit orders and quotes for inclusion in the BSTX Book, but such orders and quotes cannot execute until the termination of the Pre-Opening Phase (‘‘Opening Process’’). Orders that are canceled before the Opening Process will not participate in the Opening Process. The Exchange will attempt to perform the Opening Process and will match buy and sell orders that are executable at the midpoint of the NBBO.189 Generally, the price of the Opening Process will be at the midpoint of the first NBBO subsequent to the first two-sided quotation published by the listing exchange after 9:30:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(e)(4), if the conditions to establish the price of the Opening Process set forth above do not occur by 9:45:00 a.m. Eastern Time, orders will be handled in time sequence, beginning with the order with the oldest time stamp, and will be placed on the BSTX Book cancelled, or executed in accordance with the terms of the order. A similar process will occur for reopening a non-BSTX-listed security subject to a halt.190 The proposed opening process for Securities listed on another exchange serves as a placeholder in anticipation of other exchanges eventually listing and trading Securities, or the equivalent thereof, given that there are no other exchanges currently trading Securities. The proposed process for opening Securities listed on another exchange is similar to existing exchange rules governing the 187 See proposed Rule 25040(d)(1). proposed Rule 25040(d)(2). The Exchange notes that these contingency procedures are substantially similar to those of another exchange (see e.g., IEX Rule 11.350(c)(4)) and are designed to ensure that the Exchange has appropriate mechanisms in place to address possible disruptions that may arise in an Initial Security Offering Auction or Halt Auction, consistent with the protection of investors and the public interest pursuant to Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 189 See proposed Rule 25040(e)(2). 190 See proposed Rule 25040(e)(5). lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 188 See VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 opening of trading of a security listed on another exchange.191 Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,192 the Exchange believes that the proposed process for opening trading in BSTX-listed Securities and Securities listed on other exchanges will promote just and equitable principles of trade and will help perfect the mechanism of a free and open market by establishing a uniform process to determine the opening price of Securities.193 Proposed Rule 25040 provides a mechanism by which BSTX Participants may submit orders in advance of the start of regular trading hours, perform an opening cross, and commence regular hours trading in Securities listed on BSTX or otherwise. Where an opening cross is not possible in a BSTX-listed Security, the Exchange will proceed by opening regular hours trading in the Security anyway, which is consistent with the manner in which other exchanges open trading in securities.194 With respect to initial public offerings of Securities and openings after a Limit Up-Limit Down halt or trading pause, BSTX proposes to use a process with features similar to its normal opening process. There are a variety of different ways in which an exchange can open trading in securities, including with respect to an initial public offering of a Security, and the Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25040 provides a simple and clear method for opening transactions that is consistent with the protection of investors and the public interest.195 Additionally, proposed Rule 25040 applies to all BSTX Participants in the 191 See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.24. U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 193 The Exchange has not proposed to operate a closing auction at this time. As a result, the closing price of a Security on BSTX would be the last regular way transaction occurring on BSTX, which the Exchange believes is a simple and fair way to establish the closing price of a Security that does not permit unfair discrimination among customers, issuers, or broker-dealers consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. Id. This proposed process is consistent with the overall proposed simplified market structure for BSTX, which does not include a variety of order types offered by other exchanges such as market-on-close and limit-onclose orders. The Exchange believes that a simplified market structure, including the proposed manner in which a closing price would be determined, promotes the public interest and the protection of investors consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act through reduced complexity. Id. 194 See e.g., BOX Rule 7070. 195 The Exchange notes that its proposed opening, Initial Security Offering Auction, and Halt Auction processes are substantially similar to those of another exchange. See Cboe BZX Rule 11.23. The key differences between the Exchange’s proposed processes and those of the Cboe BZX exchange are that the Exchange has substantially fewer order types, which make its opening process less complex. 192 15 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49433 same manner and is therefore not designed to permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants. Rule 25050—Trading Halts BSTX proposes to adopt rules relating to trading halts 196 that are substantially similar to other exchange rules adopted in connection with the NMS Plan to Address Extraordinary Market Volatility (‘‘LULD Plan’’), with certain exceptions that reflect Exchange functionality. BSTX intends to join the LULD Plan prior to the commencement of trading Securities. Below is an explanation of BSTX’s approach to certain categories of orders during a trading halt: • Short Sales—BSTX cancels all orders on the book during a halt and rejects any new orders, so rules relating to the repricing of short sale orders during a trading halt that certain other exchanges have adopted have been omitted. • Pegged Orders—BSTX would not support pegged orders, at least initially, so rules relating to pegged orders during a trading halt have been omitted. • Routable Orders—Pursuant to proposed Rule 25130, the BSTX System will reject any order or quotation that would lock or cross a protected quotation of another exchange (rather than routing such order or quotation), and therefore rules relating to handling of routable orders during a trading halt have been omitted. • Limit Orders—Because BSTX would cancel resting order interest and reject incoming orders during a trading halt, specific rules relating to the repricing of limit-priced interest that certain other exchanges have adopted have been omitted.197 • Auction Orders, Market Orders, and FOK Orders—BSTX would not support these order types, at least initially, so rules relating to these order types during a trading halt have been omitted.198 Pursuant to proposed Rule 25050(d), the Exchange would cancel all resting orders in a non-BSTX listed security subject to a trading halt, reject any incoming orders in that Security, and will only resume accepting orders following a broadcast message to BSTX Participants indicating a forthcoming reopening of trading.199 BSTX believes that it is in the public interest and furthers the protection of 196 The Exchange notes that rules on opening trading for non-BSTX-listed security are set forth in proposed Rule 25040(e). 197 See e.g., Cboe BZX 11.18(e)(5)(B). 198 IOC orders would be handled pursuant to proposed Rule 25050(g)(5). 199 Trading would resume pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(e)(5). See proposed Rule 25050(g)(7). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49434 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices investors, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 200 to provide for a mechanism to halt trading in Securities during periods of extraordinary market volatility consistent with the LULD Plan. However, the Exchange has excluded rules relating to order types and other aspects of the LULD Plan that would not be supported by the Exchange, such as market orders and auction orders. The Exchange has also reserved the right in proposed Rule 25050(f) to halt or suspend trading in other circumstances where the Exchange deems it necessary to do so for the protection of investors and in the furtherance of the public interest. The Exchange believes that canceling resting order interest during a trading halt and rejecting incoming orders received during the trading halt is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 201 because it is not designed to permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants. The orders and trading interest of all BSTX Participants would be canceled in the event of a trading halt and each BSTX Participant would be required to resubmit any orders they had resting on the order book. Rule 25060—Order Entry Proposed Rule 25060 sets forth the manner in which BSTX Participants may enter orders to the BSTX System. The BSTX System would initially only support limit orders.202 Orders that do not designate a limit price would be rejected.203 The BSTX System would also only support two time-in-force (‘‘TIF’’) designations initially: (i) DAY; and (ii) immediate or cancel (‘‘IOC’’). DAY orders will queue during the PreOpening Phase, may trade during regular market hours, and, if unexecuted at the close of the trading day (4:00 p.m. ET), are canceled by the BSTX System.204 All orders are given a default TIF of DAY. BSTX Participants may also designate orders as IOC, which designation overrides the default TIF of DAY. IOC orders are not accepted by the BSTX System during the Pre-Opening Phase. During regular trading hours, IOC orders will execute in whole or in part 200 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 201 Id. 202 The BSTX System will also accept incoming Intermarket Sweep Orders (‘‘ISO’’) pursuant to proposed Rule 25060(c)(2). ISOs must be limit orders, are ineligible for routing, may be submitted with a limit price during Regular Trading Hours, and must have a time-in-force of IOC. Proposed Rule 25060(c)(2) is substantially similar to rules of other national securities exchanges. See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.9(d). 203 Proposed Rule 25060(c)(1). 204 Proposed Rule 25060(d)(1). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 immediately upon receipt by the BSTX System. The BSTX System will not support modification of resting orders. To change the price or quantity of an order resting on the BSTX Book, a BSTX Participant must cancel the resting order and submit a new order, which will result in a new time stamp for purposes of BSTX Book priority. In addition, all orders on BSTX will be displayed, and the BSTX System will not support hidden orders or undisplayed liquidity, as set forth in proposed Rule 25100. The Exchange has also proposed an additional order parameter for BSTX Participants to indicate a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement, as previously described in Item 3, Part II.I. Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,205 the Exchange believes that the proposed order entry rules will promote just and equitable principles of trade and help perfect the mechanism of a free and open market by establishing the types of orders and modifiers that all BSTX Participants may use in entering orders to the BSTX System. Because these order types and TIFs are available to all BSTX Participants, the proposed rule does not unfairly discriminate among market participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. The proposed rule sets forth a very simple exchange model whereby there is only one order type—limit orders— and two TIFs. Upon the initial launch of BSTX, there will be no hidden orders, price sliding, pegged orders, or other order type features that add complexity. The Exchange believes that creating a simplified exchange model is designed to protect investors and is in the public interest because it reduces complexity, thereby helping market participants better understand how orders would operate on the BSTX System. Rule 25070—Audit Trail Proposed Rule 25070 (Audit Trail) is designed to ensure that BSTX Participants provide the Exchange with information to be able to identify the source of a particular order and other information necessary to carry out the Exchange’s oversight functions. The proposed rule is substantially similar to existing BOX Rule 7120 but eliminates certain information unique to orders for options contracts (e.g., exercise price) because Securities are equity securities. The proposed rule also provides that BSTX Participants that employ an electronic order routing or order management system that complies with Exchange requirements will be deemed to comply with the Rule if the required information is recorded in an electronic 205 15 PO 00000 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). Frm 00020 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 format. The proposed rule also specifies that order information must be kept for no less than three years and that where specific customer or account number information is not provided to the Exchange, BSTX Participants must maintain such information on their books and records. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25070 is designed to protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,206 because it will provide the Exchange with information necessary to carry out its oversight role. Without being able to identify the source and terms of a particular order, the Exchange’s ability to adequately surveil its market, with or through another SRO, for trading inconsistent with applicable regulatory requirements would be impeded. In order to promote compliance with Rule 201 of Regulation SHO, proposed Rule 25080(b)(3) provides that when a short sale price test restriction is in effect, the execution price of the short sale order must be higher than (i.e., above) the best bid, unless the sell order is marked ‘‘short exempt’’ pursuant to Regulation SHO. Rule 25080—Execution and Price Time Priority Proposed Rule 25080 governs the execution of orders on the BSTX System, providing a price-time priority model. The proposed rule provides that orders of BSTX Participants shall be ranked and maintained in the BSTX Book according to price-time priority, such that within each price level, all orders shall be organized by the time of entry. The proposed rule further provides that sell orders may not execute a price below the best bid in the marketplace and buy orders cannot execute at a price above the best offer in the marketplace. Further, the proposed rule ensures compliance with Regulation SHO, Regulation NMS, and the LULD Plan, in a manner consistent with the rulebooks of other national securities exchanges.207 The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25080 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 208 because it is designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade and foster cooperation and coordination with persons facilitating transactions in securities by setting forth the order execution priority scheme for Security transactions. Numerous other exchanges similarly operate a price-time priority 206 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.13(a)(2)–(3) governing regular trading hours. 208 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 207 See E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 structure for effecting transactions. The proposed rule also does not permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants because all BSTX Participants are subject to the same price-time priority structure. In addition, the Exchange believes that specifying in proposed Rule 25080(b)(3) that execution of short sale orders when a short sale price test restriction is in effect must occur at a price above the best bid unless the order is market ‘‘short exempt,’’ is consistent with the Exchange Act because it is intended promote compliance with Regulation SHO in furtherance of the protection of investors and the public interest. Rule 25090—BSTX Risk Controls Proposed Rule 25090 sets forth certain risk controls applicable to orders submitted to the BSTX System. The proposed risk controls are designed to prevent the submission and execution of potentially erroneous orders. Under the proposed rule, the BSTX System will reject orders that exceed a maximum order size, as designated by each BSTX Participant. The Exchange, however may set default values for this control. The proposed rule also provides a means by which all of a BSTX Participant’s orders will be canceled in the event that the BSTX Participant loses its connection to the BSTX System. Proposed Rule 25090(c) provides a risk control that prevents incoming limit orders from being accepted by the BSTX System if the order’s price is more than a designated percentage away from the National Best Bid or Offer in the marketplace. Proposed Rule 25090(d) provides a maximum order rate control whereby the BSTX System will reject an incoming order if the rate of orders received by the BSTX System exceeds a designated threshold. With respect to both of these risk controls (price protection for limit orders and maximum order rate), BSTX Participants may designate the appropriate thresholds, but the Exchange may also provide default values and mandatory minimum levels. The Exchange believes the proposed risk controls in Rule 25090 are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 209 because they are designed to help prevent the execution of potentially erroneous orders, which furthers the protection of investors and the public interest. Among other things, erroneous orders can be disruptive to the operation of an exchange marketplace, can lead to temporary price dislocations, and can hinder price 209 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 formation. The Exchange believes that offering configurable risk controls to BSTX Participants, along with default values where a BSTX Participant has not designated its desired controls, will protect investors by reducing the number of erroneous executions on the BSTX System and will remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market system. The proposed risk controls are also similar to existing risk controls provided by the Exchange to Options Participants. Rule 25100—Trade Execution, Reporting, and Dissemination of Quotations Proposed Rule 25100 provides that the Exchange shall collect and disseminate last sale information for transactions executed on the BSTX system. The proposed rule further provides that the aggregate of the bestranked non-marketable Limit Order(s), pursuant to Rule 25080, to buy and the best-ranked non-marketable Limit Order(s) to sell in the BSTX Book shall be collected and made available to quotation vendors for dissemination. Proposed Rule 25100 further provides that the BSTX System will operate as an ‘‘automated market center’’ within the meaning of Regulation NMS and will display ‘‘automated quotations’’ at all times except in the event of a system malfunction.210 In addition, the proposed Rule specifies that the Exchange shall identify all trades executed pursuant to an exception or an exemption of Regulation NMS. The Exchange will disseminate last sale and quotation information pursuant to Rule 602 of Regulation NMS and will maintain connectivity to the securities information processors for dissemination of quotation information.211 BSTX Participants may obtain access to this information through the securities information processors. Proposed Rule 25100(d) provides that executions that occur as a result of orders matched against the BSTX Book, pursuant to Rule 25080, shall clear and settle pursuant to the rules, policies, 210 17 CFR 242.600(b)(4) and (5). The general purpose of an exchange being deemed an ‘‘automated trading center’’ displaying ‘‘automated quotations’’ relates to whether or not an exchange’s quotations may be considered protected under Regulation NMS. See Exchange Act Release No. 51808, 70 FR 37495, 37520 (June 29, 2005). Other trading centers may not effect transactions that would trade through a protected quotation of another trading center. The Exchange believes that it is useful to specify that it will operate as an automated trading center at this time to make clear to market participants that it is not operating a manual market with respect to Securities. 211 17 CFR 242.602. PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49435 and procedures of a registered clearing agency. Rule 25100(e) obliges BSTX Participants, or a clearing member/ participant clearing on behalf of a BSTX Participant to honor trades effected on the BSTX System on the scheduled settlement date, and the Exchange shall not be liable for the failure of BSTX Participants to satisfy these obligations.212 The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25100 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 213 because it will foster cooperation and coordination with persons processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities by requiring the Exchange to collect and disseminate quotation and last sale transaction information to market participants. BSTX Participants will need last sale and quotation information to effectively trade on the BSTX System, and proposed Rule 25100 sets forth the requirement for the Exchange to provide this information as well as the information to be provided. The proposed rule is similar to rules of other exchanges relating to the dissemination of last sale and quotation information. The Exchange believes that requiring BSTX Participants (or firms clearing trades on behalf of other BSTX Participants) to honor their trade obligations on the settlement date is consistent with the Exchange Act because it will foster cooperation with persons engaged in clearing and settling transactions in Securities, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.214 Rule 25110—Clearly Erroneous Proposed Rule 25110 sets forth the manner in which BSTX will resolve clearly erroneous executions that might occur on the BSTX System and is substantially similar to comparable clearly erroneous rules on other exchanges. Under proposed Rule 25100, transactions that involve an obvious error such as price or quantity, may be canceled after review and a determination by an officer of BSTX or such other employee designee of BSTX (‘‘Official’’).215 BSTX Participants that believe they submitted an order erroneously to the Exchange may request a review of the transaction, and 212 These proposed provisions are substantially similar to those of exchanges. See e.g., Nasdaq Rule 4627 and IEX Rule 10.250. 213 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 214 Id. 215 A transaction made in clearly erroneous error and canceled by both parties or determined by the Exchange to be clearly erroneous would be removed from the Consolidated Tape. Proposed Rule 25110(a). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49436 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 must do so within thirty (30) minutes of execution and provide certain information, including the factual basis for believing that the trade is clearly erroneous, to the Official.216 Under proposed Rule 25100(c), an Official may determine that a transaction is clearly erroneous if the price of the transaction to buy (sell) that is the subject of the complaint is greater than (less than) the ‘‘Reference Price’’ 217 by an amount that equals or exceeds specified ‘‘Numerical Guidelines.’’ 218 The Official may consider additional factors in determining whether a transaction is clearly erroneous, such as whether trading in the security had recently halted or overall market conditions.219 Similar to other exchanges’ clearly erroneous rules, the Exchange may determine that trades are clearly erroneous in certain circumstances such as during a system disruption or malfunction, on a BSTX Officer’s (or senior employee designee) own motion, during a trading halt, or with respect to a series of transactions over multiple days.220 Under proposed Rule 25110(e)(2), BSTX Participants affected by a determination by an Official may appeal this decision to the Chief Regulatory Officer of BSTX, provided such appeal is made within thirty (30) minutes after the party making the appeal is given notice of the initial determination being appealed.221 The Chief Regulatory Officer’s determination 216 Proposed Rule 25110(b). The Official may also consider certain ‘‘outlier’’ transactions on a case by case basis where the request for review is submitted after 30 minutes but no longer than sixty (60) minutes after the transaction. Proposed Rule 2511(d). 217 The Reference Price would be equal to the consolidated last sale immediately prior to the execution(s) under review except for in circumstances, such as, for example, relevant news impacting a security or securities, periods of extreme market volatility, sustained illiquidity, or widespread system issues, where use of a different Reference Price is necessary for the maintenance of a fair and orderly market and the protection of investors and the public interest. Proposed Rule 25110(c)(1). 218 The proposed Numerical Guidelines are 10% where the Reference Price ranges from $0.00 to $25.00, 5% where the Reference Price is greater than $25.00 up to and including $50.00, and 3% where the Reference Price ranges is greater than $50. Proposed Rule 25110(c)(1). 219 Proposed Rule 25110(c)(1). 220 See proposed Rule 25110(f)–(j). These provisions are virtually identical to similar provisions of other exchanges’ clearly erroneous rules other than by making certain administrative edits (e.g., replacing the term ‘‘security’’ with ‘‘Security’’). 221 Determinations by an Official pursuant to proposed Rule 25110(f) relating to system disruptions or malfunctions may not be appealed if the Official made a determination that the nullification of transactions was necessary for the maintenance of a fair and orderly market or the protection of invests and the public interest. Proposed Rule 25110(d)(2). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 shall constitute final action by the Exchange on the matter at issue pursuant to proposed Rule 25110(e)(2)(ii). The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25110 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,222 because it would promote just and equitable principles of trade, remove impediments to, and perfect the mechanism of, a free and open market and a national market system by setting forth the process by which clearly erroneous trades on the BSTX System may be identified and remedied. Proposed Rule 25110 would apply equally to all BSTX Participants and is therefore not designed to permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.223 The proposed rule is substantially similar to the clearly erroneous rules of other exchanges.224 For example, proposed Rule 25110 does not include provisions related to clearly erroneous transactions for routed orders because orders for Securities will not route to other exchanges.225 Securities would also only trade during regular trading hours (i.e., 9:30 a.m. ET to 4:00 p.m. ET), so provisions from comparable exchange rules relating to clearly erroneous executions occurring outside of regular trading hours have been excluded. Proposed Rule 25110 also excludes provisions from comparable clearly erroneous rules of certain other exchanges relating to clearly erroneous executions in unlisted trading privileges securities that are subject to an initial public offering.226 The Exchange believes that its proposed process for BSTX Participants 222 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 223 Id. 224 See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.17. Similar to other exchanges’ comparable rules, proposed Rule 25110 provides BSTX with the ability to determine clearly erroneous trades that result from a system disruption or malfunction, a BSTX Official acting on his or her own motion, trading halts, multi-day trading events, multi-stock events involving five or more (but less than twenty) securities whose executions occurred within a period of five minutes or less, multi-stock events involving twenty or more securities whose executions occurred within a period of five minutes or less, securities subject to the LULD Plan, and for leveraged ETP Securities. 225 Other exchange clearly erroneous rules reference removing trades from the Consolidated Tape. Because Security transactions would be reported pursuant to a separate transaction reporting plan, proposed Rule 25110 eliminates references to the ‘‘Consolidated Tape’’ and provides that clearly erroneous Security transactions will be removed from ‘‘all relevant data feeds disseminating last sale information for Security transactions.’’ See proposed Rule 25110(a). 226 The Exchange notes that not all equities exchanges have a provision with respect to trade nullification for UTP securities that are the subject of an initial public offering. See IEX Rule 11.270. PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 to appeal clearly erroneous execution determinations made by an Exchange Official pursuant to proposed Rule 25110 to the Chief Regulatory Officer of BSTX is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 227 because it promotes just and equitable principles of trade and fosters cooperation and coordination with persons regulating, settling, and facilitating transactions in securities by providing a clear and expedient process to appeal determinations made by an Official. BSTX Participants benefit from having a quick resolution to potentially clearly erroneous executions and giving the Chief Regulatory Officer discretion to decide any appeals of an Official’s determination provides an efficient means to resolve potential appeals that applies equally to all BSTX Participants and therefore does not permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. The Exchange notes that, with respect to options trading on the Exchange, the Exchange’s Chief Regulatory Officer similarly has sole authority to overturn or modify obvious error determinations made by an Exchange Official and that such determination constitutes final Exchange action on the matter at issue.228 In addition, proposed Rule 25110(e)(2)(iii) provides that any determination made by an Official or the Chief Regulatory Officer of BSTX under proposed Rule 25110 shall be rendered without prejudice as to the rights of the parties to the transaction to submit their dispute to arbitration. Accordingly, there is an additional safeguard in place for BSTX Participants to seek further review of the Exchange’s clearly erroneous determination. To the extent Securities become tradeable on other national securities exchanges or other changes arise that may necessitate changes to proposed Rule 25110 to conform more closely with the clearly erroneous execution rules of other exchanges, the Exchange intends to implement changes as necessary through a proposed rule change filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 19 of the Exchange Act 229 at such future date. Rule 25120—Short Sales Proposed Rule 25120 sets forth certain requirements with respect to short sale orders submitted to the BSTX System that is virtually identical to similar rules on other exchanges.230 Specifically, 227 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). BOX Rule 7170(n). 229 15 U.S.C. 78s. 230 See e.g., IEX Rule 11.290. 228 See E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices proposed Rule 25120 requires BSTX Participants to appropriately mark orders as long, short, or short exempt and provides that the BSTX System will not execute or display a short sale order not marked short exempt with respect to a ‘‘covered security’’ 231 at a price that is less than or equal to the current national best bid if the price of that security decreases by 10% or more, as determined by the listing market for the covered security, from the covered security’s closing price on the listing market as of the end of Regular Trading Hours on the prior day (the ‘‘Trigger Price’’). The proposed rule further specifies the duration of the ‘‘Short Sale Price Test’’ and that the BSTX System shall determine whether a transaction in a covered security has occurred at a Trigger Price and shall immediately notify the responsible single plan processor.232 The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25120 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,233 because it would promote just and equitable principles of trade and further the protection of investors and the public interest by enforcing rules consistent with Regulation SHO. Pursuant to Regulation SHO, broker-dealers are required to appropriately mark orders as long, short, or short exempt,234 and trading centers are required to establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to, among other things, prevent the execution or display of a short sale order of a covered security at a price that is less than or equal to the current national best bid if the price of that covered security decreases by 10% or more from its closing price on the primary listing market on the prior day.235 Proposed Rule 25120 is designed to promote compliance with Regulation SHO, is nearly identical to similar rules of other exchanges, and would apply equally to all BSTX Participants. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Rule 25130—Locking or Crossing Quotations in NMS Stocks Proposed Rule 25130 sets forth provisions related to locking or crossing quotations. The proposed rule is 231 Proposed Rule 25120(b) provides that the terms ‘‘covered security,’’ ‘‘listing market,’’ and ‘‘national best bid’’ shall have the same meaning as in Rule 201 of Regulation SHO. 17 CFR 242.201(a). 232 Proposed Rule 25120(d). The proposed rule further provides in paragraph (d)(1) that if a covered security did not trade on BSTX on the prior trading day, BSTX’s determination of the Trigger Price shall be based on the last sale price on the BSTX System for that Security on the most recent day on which the Security traded. 233 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 234 17 CFR 242.200(g). 235 17 CFR 242.201(b)(1). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 substantially similar to the rules of other national securities exchanges.236 Proposed Rule 25130 is designed to promote compliance with Regulation NMS and prohibits BSTX Participants from engaging in a pattern or practice of displaying quotations that lock or cross a protected quotation unless an exception applies. The Exchange proposes in Rule 25130(d) that the BSTX System will reject any order or quotation that would lock or cross a protected quotation of another exchange at the time of entry. The Exchange believes proposed Rule 25130 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 237 because it is designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade and foster cooperation and coordination with persons facilitating transactions in securities by ensuring that the Exchange prevents display of quotations that lock or cross any protected quotation in an NMS stock, in compliance with applicable provisions of Regulation NMS. Rule 25140—Clearance and Settlement: Anonymity Proposed Rule 25140 provides that each BSTX Participant must either (1) be a member of a registered clearing agency that uses a CNS system, or (2) clear transactions executed on the Exchange through another Participant that is a member of such a registered clearing agency. The Exchange would maintain connectivity and access to the UTC of NSCC for transmission of executed transactions. The proposed Rule requires a Participant that clears through another participant to obtain a written agreement, in a form acceptable to the Exchange, that sets out the terms of such arrangement. The proposed Rule also provides that BSTX transaction reports shall not reveal contra party identities and that transactions would be settled and cleared anonymously. In certain circumstances, such as for regulatory purposes, the Exchange may reveal the identity of a Participant or its clearing firm such as to comply with a court order. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25140 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 238 because it would foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities. Proposed Rule 25140 is similar to rules 236 See IEX Rule 11.310. U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 238 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 237 15 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4701 49437 of other exchanges relating to clearance and settlement.239 Market Making on BSTX (Rule 25200 Series) The BSTX Market Making Rules (Rules 25200–25240) provide for registration and describe the obligations of Market Makers on the Exchange. The proposed Market Making Rules also provide for registration and obligations of Designated Market Makers (‘‘DMMs’’) in a given Security, allocation of a DMM to a particular Security, and parameters for business combinations of DMMs. Proposed Rule 25200 sets forth the basic registration requirement for a BSTX Market Maker by noting that a Market Maker must enter a registration request to BSTX and that such registration shall become effective on the next trading day after the registration is entered, or, in the Exchange’s discretion, the registration may become effective the day that it is entered (and the Exchange will provide notice to the Market Maker in such cases). The proposed Rule further provides that a BSTX Market Maker’s registration shall be terminated by the Exchange if the Market Maker fails to enter quotations within five business days after the registration becomes effective.240 Proposed Rule 25210 sets forth the obligations of Market Makers, including DMMs. Under the proposed Rule, a BSTX Participant that is a Market Maker, including a DMM, is generally required to post two-sided quotes during the regular market session for each Security in which itis registered as a Market Maker.241 The Exchange proposes that such quotes must be entered within a certain percentage, called the ‘‘Designated Percentage,’’ of the National Best Bid (Offer) price in such Security (or last sale price, in the event there is no National Best Bid (Offer)) on the Exchange.242 The Exchange proposes that the Designated Percentage would be 30%.243 The Exchange notes that the proposed Designated Percentage is substantially similar to the corresponding Designated Percentage for NYSE American market makers with respect to Tier 2 NMS stocks (as defined under the LULD plan).244 The Exchange believes that the 239 See e.g., IEX Rule 11.250. Rule 25200 is substantially similar to IEX Rule 11.150. 241 See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1). 242 See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(A). 243 See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(B). 244 See NYSE American Rule 7.23E(a)(1)(B)(iii) (providing that, other than during certain time periods around the market open and close, the 240 Proposed Continued Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49438 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 proposed Designated Percentage for quotation obligations of Market Makers would be sufficient to ensure that there is adequate liquidity sufficiently close to the National Best Bid or Offer (‘‘NBBO’’) in Securities and to ensure fair and orderly markets. The Exchange notes that pursuant to proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(iii), there is nothing to preclude a Market Maker from entering trading interest at price levels that are closer to the NBBO, so Market Makers have the ability to quote must closer to the NBBO than required by the Designated Percentage requirement if they so choose. The Exchange proposes in Rule 25210(a)(4) that, in the event that price movements cause a Market Maker or DMM’s quotations to fall outside of the National Best Bid (Offer) (or last sale price in the event there is no National Best Bid (Offer)) by a given percentage, with such percentage called the ‘‘Defined Limit,’’ in a Security for which they are a Market Maker, the Market Maker or DMM must enter a new bid or offer at not more than the Designated Percentage away from the National Best Bid (Offer) in that Security. The Exchange proposes that the Defined Limit shall be 31.5%.245 Under the proposed Rules, a Market Maker’s quotations must be firm and automatically executable for their size, and, to the extent the Exchange finds that a Market Maker has a substantial or continued failure to meet its quotation obligations, such Market Maker may face disciplinary action from the Exchange.246 Under the proposed Market Maker and DMM Rules, Market Makers and DMMs’ two-sided quotation obligations must be maintained for a quantity of a ‘‘normal unit of trading’’ which is defined as one Security.247 The Exchange believes that Securities may initially trade in smaller increments relative to other listed equities and that reducing the two-sided quoting increment from one round lot (i.e., 100 shares) to one Security will be sufficient to meet liquidity demands and would make it easier for Market Makers and DMMs to meet their quotation obligations, which in turn incentivize more Market Maker participation. Designated Percentage for Tier 2 NMS stocks priced below $1.00 is 30% and for Tier 2 NMS stocks priced above $1.00 is 28%). 245 See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(3). 246 See proposed Rule 25210(b) and (c). Pursuant to proposed Rule 25310(d), a BSTX Market Maker, other than a DMM, may apply for a temporary withdrawal from its Market Maker status provided it meets certain conditions such a demonstrating legal or regulatory requirements that necessitate its temporary withdrawal. 247 See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25210 is substantially similar to NYSE American Rule 7.23E, with the exceptions of: (i) The modified normal unit of trading, Designated Percentage, and Defined Limit (as discussed above); (ii) specifying that the minimum quotation increment shall be $0.01; and (iii) specifying that Market Maker quotations must be firm for their displayed size and automatically executable. The Exchange believes that the additional specifications with respect to the minimum quotation increment and firm quotation requirement will add additional clarity to the expectations of Market Makers on the Exchange. Proposed Rule 25220 sets forth the registration requirements for a DMM. Under proposed Rule 25220, a DMM must be a registered Market Maker and be approved as a DMM in order to receive an allocation of Securities pursuant to proposed Rule 25230, which is described below.248 For Securities in which a Participant serves as a DMM, it must meet the same obligations as if it were a Market Maker and must also maintain a bid or offer at the National Best Bid and Offer at least 25% of the day measured across all Securities in which such Participant serves as DMM.249 The proposed Rule provides, among other things, that a there will be no more than one DMM per Security and that a DMM must maintain information barriers between the trading unit operating as a DMM and the trading unit operating as a BSTX Market Maker in the same Security (to the extent applicable).250 The Rule further provides a process by which a DMM may temporarily withdraw from its DMM status, which is similar to the same process for a BSTX Market Maker 251 and similar to the same process for DMMs on other exchanges.252 The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25220 is substantially similar to NYSE American Rule 7.24E with the exception that the Exchanges proposes to add a provision stating that the Exchange is not required to assign a DMM if the Security has an adequate number of BSTX Market Makers assigned to such Security. The purpose of this requirement is to acknowledge the possibility that a Security need not necessarily have a DMM provided that each Security has been assigned at least 248 See proposed 25220(b). DMMs would be approved by the Exchange pursuant to an application process an [sic]. 249 See proposed Rule 25220(c). 250 See proposed Rule 25220(b). 251 See proposed Rule 25210(d). 252 See e.g., NYSE American Rule 7.24E(b)(4). PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 three active Market Makers at initial listing and two Market Makers for continued listing, consistent with proposed Rule 26106 (Market Maker Requirement), which is discussed further below. In proposed Rule 25230, the Exchange proposes to set forth the process by which a DMMs are allocated and reallocated responsibility for a particular Security. Proposed Rule 25230(a) sets forth the basic eligibility criteria for a when a Security may be allocated to a DMM, providing that this may occur when the Security is initially listed on BSTX, when it is reassigned pursuant to Rule 25230, or when it is currently listed without a DMM assigned to the Security.253 Proposed Rule 2530(a) also specifies that a DMM’s eligibility to participate in the allocation process is determined at the time the interview is scheduled by the Exchange and specifies that a DMM must meet with the quotation requirements set forth in proposed Rule 25220(c) (DMM obligations). The proposed Rule further specifies how the Exchange will handle several situations in which the DMM does not meet its obligations, such as, for example, by issuing an initial warning advising of poor performance if the DMM fails to meet its obligations for a one-month period.254 Proposed Rule 25230(b) sets forth the manner in which a DMM may be selected and allocated a Security. Under proposed Rule 25230(b), an issuer may select its DMM directly, delegate the authority to the Exchange to selects its DMM, or may opt to proceed with listing without a DMM, in which case a minimum of three non-DMM Market Makers at initial listing and two nonDMM Market Makers for continued listing must be assigned to its Security consistent with proposed Rule 26106. Proposed Rule 25230(b) further sets forth provisions relating to the interview between the issuer and DMMs, the Exchange selection by delegation, and a requirement that a DMM serve as a DMM for a Security for at least one year unless compelling circumstances exist for which the Exchange may consider a shorter time period. Each of these 253 As previously noted, pursuant to proposed Rule 26106, a Security may, in lieu of having a DMM assigned to it, have a minimum of three nonDMM Market Makers at initial listing and two nonDMM Market Makers for continued listing to be eligible for listing on the Exchange. Consequently, a Security might not have a DMM when it initially begins trading on BSTX, but may acquire a DMM later. 254 See proposed Rule 25230(a)(4). The proposed handling of these scenarios where a DMM does not meet its obligations is substantially similar to parallel requirements in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(a)(4). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 provisions is substantially similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(b)(1)–(3), with the exception that the Exchange may shorten the one year DMM commitment period in compelling circumstances.255 Proposed Rule 25230(b) further sets forth specific provisions related to a variety of different issuances and types of securities, including spin-offs or related companies, warrants, rights, relistings, equity Security listing after preferred Security, listed company mergers, target Securities, and closedend management investment companies.256 Each of these provisions is substantially similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(b)(4)–(11). Proposed Rule 25230(c) sets forth the reallocation process for a DMM in a manner that is substantially similarly to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(c). Generally, under the proposed Rule, an issuer may request a reallocation to a new DMM and Exchange staff will review this request, along with any DMM response letter, and eventually make a determination.257 Proposed Rule 25230(d), (e), and (f), set forth provisions governing an allocation freeze, allocation sunset, and criteria for applicants that are not currently DMMs to be eligible to be allocated a Security as a DMM respectively. Each of these provisions are likewise substantially similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(d)–(f). Finally, proposed Rule 25240 sets forth the DMM combination review policy. The proposed Rule, among other things, defines a proposed combination among DMMs, requires that DMMs provide a written submission to the Office of the Corporate Secretary of the Exchange and specifies, among other things, the items to be disclosed in the written submission, the criteria that the Exchange will use to evaluate a proposed combination, and the timing for a decision by the Exchange, subject to the Exchange’s right to extend such 255 The Exchange believes that providing the Exchange with flexibility to shorten the one year commitment period is appropriate to accommodate unforeseen events or circumstances that might arise with respect to a DMM, such as a force majeure event, preventing a DMM from being able to carry out its functions. 256 See proposed Rule 25230(b)(4)–(11). 257 In addition, proposed Rule 25230(c)(2) sets forth provisions that allow for the Exchange’s CEO to immediately initiate a reallocation proceeding upon written notice to the DMM and the issuer when the DMM’s performance in a particular market situation was, in the judgment of the Exchange, so egregiously deficient as to call into question the Exchange’s integrity or impair the Exchange’s reputation for maintaining an efficient, fair, and orderly market. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 time period. The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25240 is substantially similar to NYSE American Rule 7.26E. The Exchange believes that the proposed Market Making Rules set forth in the Rule 25200 Series are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 258 because they are designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities, and to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system. The Exchange notes that the proposed Rules are substantially similar to the market making rules of other exchanges, as detailed above,259 and that all BSTX Participants are eligible to become a Market Maker or DMM provided they comply with the proposed requirements.260 The proposed Market Maker Rules set forth the quotation and related expectations of BSTX Market Makers which the Exchange believes will help ensure that there is sufficient liquidity in Securities. Although the corresponding NYSE American rules upon which the proposed Rules are based provide for multiple tiers and classes of stocks that were each associated with a different Designated Percentage and Defined Limit, the Exchange has collapsed all such classes in to one category and provided a single Designated Percentage of 30% and Defined Limit of 31.5% for all Security trading on BSTX. The Exchange believes that simplifying the Rules in this manner can reduce the potential for confusion and allows for easier compliance and will still adequately serve the liquidity needs of investors of Security investors, which the Exchange believes promotes the removal of impediments to and perfection of the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.261 The Exchange has also proposed that the minimum quotation size of Market Makers will be one Security. As noted above, the Exchange believes that Securities may initially trade in smaller increments relative to other listed equities and that reducing the two-sided quoting increment from one round lot (i.e., 100 shares) to one Security would be sufficient to meet liquidity demands 258 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). NYSE American Rule 7, Section 2. 260 In this regard, the Exchange believes the proposed Market Making Rules are not designed to permit unfair discrimination between BSTX Participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 261 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 259 See PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49439 and would make it easier for Market Makers and DMMs to meet their quotation obligations, which in turn incentivize more Market Maker participation. The Exchange believes that adopting quotation requirements and parameters that are appropriate for the nature and types of securities that will trade on the Exchange will promote the protection of investors and the public interest by assuring that the Exchange Rules are appropriately tailored to its market. BSTX Listing Rules Other Than for Exchange Traded Products and Suspension and Delisting Rules (Rule 26000 and 27000 Series) The BSTX Listing Rules Other than for Exchange Traded Products (the ‘‘Non-ETP Listing Rules’’) in the Rule Series 26000 and the Suspension and Delisting Rules in the Rule 27000 Series have been adapted from, and are substantially similar to, Parts 1–12 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide.262 Except as described below, each proposed Rule in the BSTX 26000 and 27000 Series is substantially similar to a Section of the NYSE American Company Guide.263 Below is further detail. • The BSTX Rule 26100 Series are based on the NYSE American Original Listing Requirements (Sections 101– 146).264 • The BSTX Original Listing Procedures (26200 Series) are based on the NYSE American Original Listing Procedures (Sections 201–222). • The BSTX Additional Listings Rules (26300 Series) are based on the NYSE American Additional Listings Sections (Sections 301–350). • The BSTX Disclosure Policies (26400 Series) are based on the NYSE American Disclosure Policies (Sections 401–404). • The BSTX Dividends and Splits Rules (26500 Series) are based on the 262 All references to various ‘‘Sections’’ in the discussion of these Listing Rules refer to the various Sections of the NYSE American Company Guide. 263 The Exchange notes that while the numbering of BSTX’s Listing Rules generally corresponds to a Section of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide, BSTX did not integrate certain Sections of the NYSE American Company Guide that the Exchange deemed inapplicable to its operations, such as with respect to types of securities which the Exchange is not proposing to make eligible for listing (i.e., bonds, debentures, securities of foreign companies (other than Canadian companies), investment trusts, and securities such as equitylinked term notes). The Exchange also proposes to modify cross-references in the proposed Non-ETP Listing Rules to accord with its Rules. 264 Pursuant to proposed Rule 26136, all securities initially listing on BSTX, except securities which are book-entry only, must be eligible for a Direct Registration Program operated by a clearing agency registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 78q–1. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 49440 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices NYSE American Dividends and Stock Splits Sections (Sections 501–522). • The BSTX Accounting; Annual and Quarterly Reports Rules (26600 Series) are based on the NYSE American Accounting; Annual and Quarterly Reports Sections (Sections 603–624). • The BSTX Shareholders’ Meetings, Approval and Voting of Proxies Rules (26700 Series) are based on the NYSE American Shareholders’ Meetings, Approval and Voting of Proxies Sections (Sections 701–726).265 • The BSTX Corporate Governance Rules (26800 Series) are based on the NYSE American Corporate Governance Sections (Sections 801–809). • The BSTX Additional Matters Rules (26900 Series) are based on the NYSE American Additional Matters Sections (Sections 920–994). • The BSTX Suspension and Delisting Rules (27000 Series) are based on the NYSE American Suspension and Delisting Sections (Sections 1001–1011). • The BSTX Guide to Filing Requirements (27100 Series) are based on the NYSE American Guide to Filing Requirements (Section 1101). • The BSTX Procedures for Review of Exchange Listing Determinations (27200 Series) are based on the NYSE American Procedures for Review of Exchange Listing Determinations (Sections 1201– 1211). Notwithstanding that the proposed Rule 26000 and 27000 Series are substantially similar to those of other exchanges, BSTX proposes certain additions or modifications to these rules specific to its market. For example, BSTX proposes to add definitions that apply to the proposed BSTX Rule 26000 and 27000 Series. The definitions set forth in proposed Rule 26000 are designed to facilitate understanding of these Rule Series by market participants. Increased clarity may serve to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system and may also foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.266 With respect to initial listing standards for non-ETP Securities, which begin at proposed Rule 26101, the Exchange proposes to adopt listing standards that are substantially similar 265 The Exchange notes that the proposed fees for certain items in the proposed Listing Rules (e.g., proxy follow-up mailings) are the same as those charged by NYSE American. See e.g., proposed IM– 26722–8 cf. NYSE American Section 722.80. 266 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 to the NYSE American listing rules.267 The Exchange believes that adopting listing rules similar to those in place on other national securities exchanges will facilitate more uniform standards across exchanges, which helps foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.268 Market participants that are already familiar with NYSE American’s listing standards will already be familiar with most of the substance of the proposed listing rules. The Exchange also believes that adopting proposed listing standards that closely resemble those of NYSE American may also foster competition among listing exchanges for companies seeking to publicly list their securities. The Exchange is proposing an addition (relative to the NYSE American listing rules) to the initial listing standards for preferred Securities.269 Specifically, the Exchange proposes an additional standard for preferred Securities to list on the Exchange based on NASDAQ Rule 5510.270 The Exchange believes a proposed rule providing an additional initial listing standard for preferred Securities consistent with a similar provision of NASDAQ would expand the possible universe of issuances that would be eligible to list on the Exchange to include preferred Securities. The 267 See NYSE American Section 101. The Exchange understands that the Commission has extended relief to NYSE American with respect to certain quantitative listing standards that do not meet the thresholds of SEC Rule 3a51–1. 17 CFR 240.3a51–1. Initial listings of securities that do not meet such thresholds and are not subject to the relief provided to NYSE American would qualify as ‘‘penny stocks’’ and would be subject to additional regulation. BSTX notes that it is not seeking relief related to SEC Rule 3a51–1 and therefore has clarified proposed Rule 26101(a)(2) to ensure that issuers have at least one year of operating history. BSTX will also require new listings pursuant to proposed Rule 26102 to have a public distribution of 1 million Securities, 400 public Security holders, and a minimum market price of $4 per Security. These provisions meet the requirements in SEC Rule 3a51–1 and are consistent with the rules of other national securities exchanges. See, e.g., Nasdaq Rule 5510. The quantitative thresholds specified in Rule 26102 are also reflected in the Sample Underwriter’s Letter that has been submitted as Exhibit 3L to this proposal. In addition, the Exchange notes that proposed Rule 26140, which governs the additional listing requirements of a company that is affiliated with the Exchange, is based on similar provisions in NYSE American Rule 497 and IEX 14.205. 268 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 269 See proposed Rule 26103. 270 See proposed Rule 26103(b)(2). Preferred Security Distribution Standard 2 requires that a preferred Security listing satisfy the following conditions: Minimum bid price of at least $4 per Security; at least 10 Round Lot holders; at least 200,000 Publicly Held Securities; and Market Value of Publicly Held Securities of at least $3.5 million. PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 Exchange believes that such a rule would help remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act by giving issuers an additional means by which it could list a different type of security (i.e., a preferred Security) and investors the opportunity to trade in such preferred Securities.271 Further, consistent with the public interest, rules that provide more opportunity for listings may promote competition among listing exchanges and capital formation for issuers. With respect to the definitions in proposed Rule 26000, these are designed to facilitate understanding of the BSTX Non-ETP Listing Rules by market participants. The Exchange believes that allowing market participants to better understand and interpret the BSTX Non-ETP Listing Rules removes impediments to and perfects the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and may also foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.272 The Exchange also proposes certain enhancements to the notice requirements for listed companies to communicate to BSTX related to record dates and defaults.273 The Exchange believes that these additional disclosure and communication obligations can help BSTX in monitoring for listed company compliance with applicable rules and regulations; such additional disclosure obligations are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.274 The Exchange’s proposed Rules provide additional flexibility for listed 271 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 272 Id. 273 See Proposed Rule 26502, which requires, among other things, a listing company to give the Exchange at least ten days’ notice in advance of a record date established for any other purpose, including meetings of shareholders. 274 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 companies in choosing how liquidity would be provided in their listings by allowing listed companies to meet either the DMM Requirement or Active Market Maker Requirement for initial listing and continued trading.275 Pursuant to proposed Rule 26205, a company may choose to be assigned a DMM by the Exchange or to select its own DMM.276 Alternatively, a company may elect, or the Exchange may determine, that, in lieu of a DMM, a minimum of three (3) market makers would be assigned to the Security at initial listing; such requirement may be reduced to two (2) market makers following the initial listing, consistent with proposed Rule 26106. The Exchange believes that such additional flexibility would promote the removal of impediments to and perfection of the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.277 The Commission has previously approved exchange rules providing for three market makers to be assigned to a particular security upon initial listing and only two for continued listing.278 In accordance with these previously approved rules, the Exchange believes proposed Rule 26205 would ensure fair and orderly markets and would facilitate the provision of sufficient liquidity for Securities. The Exchange also proposes a number of other non-substantive changes from 275 See proposed Rule 26205. BSTX-listed Securities must meet the criteria specified in proposed Rule 26106, which provides that unless otherwise provided, all Securities listed pursuant to the BSTX Listing Standards must meet one of the following requirements: (1) The DMM Requirement whereby a DMM must be assigned to a given Security; or (2) the Active Market Maker Requirement which states that (i) for initial inclusion the Security must have at least three registered and active Market Makers, and (ii) for continued listing, a Security must have at least two registered and active Market Makers, one of which may be a Market Maker entering a stabilizing bid. 276 Exchange personnel responsible for managing the listing and onboarding process would be responsible for determining to which DMM a Security would be assigned. As provided in proposed Rule 26205, the Exchange makes every effort to see that each Security is allocated in the best interests of the company and its shareholders, as well as that of the public and the Exchange. Similarly, the Exchange anticipates that these same personnel would be responsible for answering questions relating to the Exchange’s listing rules pursuant to proposed Rule 26994 (New Policies). The Exchange notes that certain provisions in the NYSE American Listing Manual contemplate a ‘‘Listing Qualifications Analyst’’ that would perform a number of these functions. The Exchange is not proposing to adopt provisions that specifically contemplate a ‘‘Listing Qualifications Analyst,’’ but expects to have personnel that will perform the same basic functions, such as advising issuers and prospective issuers with respect to relevant rules related to listing. 277 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 278 See e.g., IEX Rule 14.206. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 the baseline NYSE American listing rules, such as to eliminate references to the concept of a ‘‘specialist,’’ since BSTX will not have a specialist,279 or references to certificated equities, since Securities will be uncertificated equities.280 As another example, NYSE American Section 623 requires that three copies of certain press releases be sent to the exchange, while the Exchange proposes only that a single copy of such press release be shared with the Exchange.281 In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 26720 in a manner that is substantially similar to NYSE American Section 720, but proposes to modify the internal citations to ensure consistency with its proposed Rulebook.282 In its proposed Rules, the 279 See e.g., NYSE American Section 513(f), noting that open orders to buy and open orders to sell on the books of a specialist on an ex rights date are reduced by the cash value of the rights. Proposed Rule 26340(f) deletes this provision because BSTX will not have specialists. Similarly, because BSTX will not have specialists, the Exchange is not proposing to adopt a parallel rule to NYSE American Section 516, which specifies that certain types of orders are to be reduced by a specialist when a security is quoted ex-dividend, ex-distribution or ex-rights are set forth in NYSE American Rule 132. 280 See e.g., NYSE American Section 117 including a clause relating to paired securities for which ‘‘the stock certificates of which are printed back-to-back on a single certificate’’). Similarly, the Exchange has proposed to replace certain references to the ‘‘Office of General Counsel’’ contained in certain NYSE American Listing Rule (see e.g., Section 1205) with references to the Exchange’s ‘‘Legal Department’’ to accommodate differences in BSTX’s organizational structure. See proposed Rule 27204. As another example, proposed Rule 27205 refers to the Exchange’s ‘‘Hearing Committee’’ as defined in Section 6.08 of the Exchange’s By-Laws to similarly accommodate organizational differences between the Exchange and NYSE American. 281 See proposed Rule 26623. 282 Specifically, proposed Rule 26720 would provide that participants must comply with Rules 26720 through 26725 and BSTX’s Rule 22020 (Forwarding of Proxy and Other Issuer-Related Materials; Proxy Voting). NYSE American Section 726, upon which proposed Rule 26720 is based, includes cross-references to NYSE American’s corresponding rules to proposed Rules 26720 through 26725, and also includes cross-references to NYSE American Rules 578 through 585, for which the Exchange is not proposing corresponding rules. These NYSE American rules for which the Exchange is not proposing to adopt a parallel rule relate to certain requirements specific to proxy voting (e.g., requiring that a member state the actual number of shares for which a proxy is given—NYSE American Rule 578) or, in some cases, relate to certificated securities (e.g., NYSE American Rule 579), which would be inapplicable to the Exchange since it proposes to only list uncertificated securities. The Exchange believes that it does not need to propose to adopt parallel rules corresponding to NYSE American Rules 578–585 at this time and notes that other listing exchanges do not appear have corresponding versions of these NYSE American Rules. See e.g., Cboe BZX Rules. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 26720 and the Exchange’s other proposed Rules governing proxies, including those referenced in proposed Rule 26720, are sufficient to govern BSTX Participants’ obligations with respect to proxies. PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49441 Exchange has not included certain form letters related to proxy rules that are included in the NYSE American rules; 283 instead, these forms will be included in the BSTX Listing Supplement.284 The Exchange is not proposing to adopt provisions relating to future priced securities at this time.285 In addition, the Exchange is not proposing to allow for listing of foreign companies, other than Canadian companies,286 or to allow for issuers to transfer their existing securities to BSTX.287 Similarly, the Exchange is not proposing at this time to support debt securities (other than those that may be ETPs), so the Exchange has not proposed to adopt certain provisions from the NYSE American Listing Manual related to bonds/debt 283 The forms found in NYSE American Section 722.20 and 722.40 would be included in the BSTX Listing Supplement. 284 The BSTX Listing Supplement would contain samples of letters containing the information and instructions required pursuant to the proxy rules to be given to clients in the circumstances indicated in the appropriate heading. These are intended to serve as examples and not as prescribed forms. Participants would be permitted to adapt the form of these letters for their own purposes provided all of the required information and instructions are clearly enumerated in letters to clients. Pursuant to proposed Rule 26212, the BSTX Listing Supplement would also include a sample application for original listing, which the Exchange has submitted as Exhibit 3G. In addition, proposed Rule 26350 states that the BSTX Listing Supplement will include a sample cancellation notice; the Exchange expects such notice to be substantially in the same form as NYSE American’s sample notice in NYSE American Section 350. Other examples of items that would appear in the BSTX Listing Supplement include certain certifications to be completed by the CEO of listed companies pursuant to proposed Rule 26810(a) and (c), and forms of letters to be sent to clients requesting voting instructions and other letters relating to proxy votes pursuant to proposed IM–26722–2 and IM–26722–4. The Exchange expects that these proposed materials in the BSTX Listing Supplement would be substantially similar to the corresponding versions of such samples used by NYSE American. The purpose of putting these sample letters and other information into the BSTX Listing Supplement rather than directly in the rules is to improve the readability of the Rules. 285 See e.g., NYSE American Section 101, Commentary .02. The Exchange is also not proposing to adopt a parallel provision to NYSE American Section 950 (Explanation of Difference between Listed and Unlisted Trading Privileges) because the Exchange believes that such provision is not necessary and contains extraneous historical details that are not particularly relevant to the trading of Securities. The Exchange notes that numerous other listing exchanges do not have a similar provision to NYSE American Section 950. See e.g., IEX Listing Rules. 286 See proposed Rule 26109. Because the Exchange does not propose to allow foreign issuers of Securities, it does not propose to adopt a parallel provision to NYSE American Section 110 and other similar provisions relating to foreign issuers—e.g., NYSE American Section 801(f). 287 Consequently, the Exchange does not propose to adopt a parallel provision to NYSE American Section 113 at this time. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49442 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 securities 288 or the trading of units.289 The Exchange believes that the departures from the NYSE American rules upon which the proposed Rules are based, as described above, are nonsubstantive (e.g., by not including provisions relating to instruments that will not trade on the Exchange), would apply to all issuers in the same manner and are therefore not designed to permit unfair discrimination, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.290 The Exchange proposes in Rule 26507 to prohibit the issuance of fractional Securities and to provide that cash must be paid in lieu of any distribution or part of a distribution that might result in fractional interests in Securities.291 The Exchange believes that disallowing fractional shares reduces complexity. By extension, the requirement to provide cash in lieu of fractional shares simplifies the process related to share transfer and tracking of share ownership. The Exchange believes that this simplification promotes just and equitable principles of trade, fosters cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, removes impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, protects investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.292 Proposed BSTX Rule 26130 (Original Listing Applications) would require listing applicants to furnish a legal opinion that the applicant’s Security is a security under applicable United States securities laws. Such a requirement provides assurance to the Exchange that Security trading relates to appropriate asset classes. The Exchange believes that this Rule promotes just and equitable principles of trade and, in general, protects investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.293 The Exchange proposes to adopt corporate governance listing standards as its Rule 26800 Series that are substantially similar to the corporate governance listing standards set forth in Part 8 of the NYSE American Listing 288 See e.g., NYSE American Sections 1003(b)(iv) and (e). 289 See e.g., NYSE American Sections 106(f), 401(i), and 1003(g). 290 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 291 The Exchange also proposes certain conforming changes in Rule 26503 (Form of Notice) to reiterate that fractional interests in Securities are not permitted by the Exchange. 292 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 293 Id. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Manual. However, it includes certain clarifications, most notably that certain proposed provisions are not intended to restrict the number of terms that a director may serve 294 and that, if a limited partnership is managed by a general partner rather than a board of directors, the audit committee requirements applicable to the listed entity should be satisfied by the general partner.295 The Exchange also notes that, unlike the current NYSE American rules upon which the proposed Rules are based, the proposed Rules on corporate governance do not include provisions on asset-backed securities and foreign issues (other than those from Canada), since the Exchange does not proposed to allow for such foreign issuers to list on BSTX at this time. The Exchange proposes to adopt additional listing rules as its Rule 26900 Series that are substantially similar to the corporate governance listing standards set forth in Part 9 of the NYSE American Listing Manual. The only significant difference from the baseline NYSE American rules is that the proposed BSTX Rules do not include provisions related to certificated securities, since Securities listed on BSTX will be uncertificated. The Exchange proposes to adopt suspension and delisting rules as its Rule 27000 Series that are substantially similar to the corporate governance listing standards set forth in Parts 10, 11, and 12 of the NYSE American Listing Manual. The proposed rules do not include concepts from the baseline NYSE American rules regarding foreign, fixed income securities, or other nonequity securities because the Exchange is not proposing to allow for listing of such securities at this time.296 The Exchange believes that the proposals in the Rule 26800 to Rule 27000 Series, which are based on the rules of NYSE American with the differences explained above, are designed to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general to protect investors and the public interest. Further, the differences in the proposals compared to the 294 See proposed Rule 26802(d). proposed Rule 26801(b). 296 As with all sections of the proposed rules, references to ‘‘securities’’ have been changed to ‘‘Securities’’ where appropriate and, in the Rule 27000 Series, certain references have been conformed from the baseline NYSE American provisions to account for the differences in governance structure and naming conventions of BSTX. 295 See PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 analogous NYSE American provisions appropriately reflect the differences between the two exchanges. The Exchange believes that ensuring that its systems are appropriately described in the BSTX Rules facilitates market participants’ review of such Rules, which serves to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system by ensuring that market participants can easily navigate, understand and comply with the Exchange’s rulebook. Therefore, the Exchange believes its proposals are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.297 Trading and Listing Rules for ExchangeTrade Products (Rule 28000 Series) The Exchange proposes as the Rule 28000 Series rules related to trading and listing ETPs. These proposed Rules allow for an array of different types of ETPs to be traded and listed on the Exchange and would provide individuals and institutions with diverse range of products in which to invest. The proposed Rules would set forth requirements and initial as well as continued listing standards for a variety of ETPs noted in the bulleted list below. The proposed Rules have been adapted from, and are substantially similar to, rules found in the NYSE Arca Inc. (‘‘NYSE Arca’’) rulebook. Below is a list of the proposed Rules in the 28000 Series and the NYSE Arca rules on which it is based: • Proposed Rule 28000 (Investment Company Units) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 5.2–E(j)(3). • Proposed Rule 28001 (Equity IndexLinked Securities, Commodity-Linked Securities, Currency-Linked Securities, Fixed Income Index-Linked Securities, Futures-Linked Securities and Multifactor Index-Linked Securities) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 5.2–E(j)(6). • Proposed Rule 28002 (ExchangeTraded Fund Shares) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 5.2–E(j)(8). • Proposed Rule 28003 (Trust Issued Receipts) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.200–E. • Proposed Rule 28004 (CommodityBased Trust Shares) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.201–E. • Proposed Rule 28005 (Managed Fund Shares) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.600–E. • Proposed Rule 28006 (Active Proxy Portfolio Shares) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.601–E. • Proposed Rule 28007 (Managed Portfolio Shares) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.900–E. 297 15 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 For each Rule in the 28000 Series, the Exchange proposes provisions that are substantially similar to provisions in the NYSE Arca rulebook, with adjustments made to ensure appropriate reference to concepts in other parts of the BSTX Rulebook. For example, in cases where the precedent NYSE Arca rule referred to a specific provision regarding delisting procedures, the Exchange has modified the proposed Rules to reference to the proposed Rule 27000 Series, which set forth the Exchange’s proposed Rules governing suspension and delisting.298 As another example, the proposed definition of ‘‘ETP Holder,’’ which closely parallels the same definition in the NYSE Arca Rulebook, but is located in a different place in the proposed BSTX Rulebook as compared to the NYSE Arca rulebook.299 In addition, certain products or concepts that are supported by NYSE Arca but are not supported by the Exchange have not been included in the proposal. For example, the Exchange notes that the NYSE Arca rulebook provides for trading of a Nasdaq-100 Index product, Currency Trust Shares, and Commodity Index Trust Shares,300 whereas the Exchange will not support trading in these specific ETPs and therefore has not included provisions relating to the listing and trading of such products in its proposal. The discussion below describes other notable variations from the NYSE Arca rules set forth in the proposed Rule Series 28000. The Exchange believes that the proposals in the Rule 28000 Series help remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general promote the protecting of investors and the public interest because they will facilitate an additional exchange on which ETPs can be listed and traded. This adds competition to the marketplace for the listing of ETPs, providing greater choice for issuers of ETPs and an additional trading venue on which market participants can trade such products. As noted, the proposed Rule 28000 Series is substantially similar to the rules of NYSE Arca relating to ETPs, with only non298 As another example, the concept of ‘‘Core Trading Hours’’ in the NYSE Arca Rulebook (as defined therein) has no analog in the BSTX Rulebook. The BSTX Rulebook only allows for Regular Trading Hours and thus the proposal references the concept of Regular Trading Hours. 299 See proposed IM–28000–1g. In the NYSE Arca rule book, the comparable definition is set forth in NYSE Arca Rulebook Rule 1. 300 Specifically, Section 2 of Rule 8–E in the NYSE Arca rulebook allows for trading of a Nasdaq100 Index product, Currency Trust Shares, and Commodity Index Trust Shares. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 substantive differences, which differences appropriately reflect the differences between the two exchanges (e.g., internal cross-references within each rule book or excluding provisions related to products that the Exchange will not support). Fees (Rule 29000 Series) The Exchange proposes to set forth as its Rule 29000 Series (Fees) the Exchange’s authority to prescribe reasonable dues, fees, assessments or other charges as it may deem appropriate. As provided in proposed Rule 29000 (Authority to Prescribe Dues, Fees, Assessments and Other Charges), these fees may include membership dues, transaction fees, communication and technology fees, regulatory fees, and other fees, which will be equitably allocated among BSTX Participants, issuers, and other persons using the Exchange’s facilities.301 Proposed Rule 29010 (Regulatory Revenues) generally provides that any revenues received by the Exchange from fees derived from its regulatory function or regulatory fines will not be used for non-regulatory purposes or distributed to the stockholder, but rather, shall be applied to fund the legal and regulatory operations of the Exchange (including surveillance and enforcement activities). The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 29000 Series (Fees) is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because these proposed rules are designed to protect investors and the public interest by setting forth the Exchange’s authority to assess fees on BSTX Participants, which would be used to operate the BSTX System and surveil BSTX for compliance with applicable laws and rules. The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 29000 Series (Fees) is also consistent with Sections 6(b)(3) of the Exchange Act 302 because the proposed Rules specify that all fees assessed by the Exchange shall be equitably allocated among BSTX Participants, issuers and other persons using the Exchange’s facilities. The Exchange notes that the proposed Rule 29000 Series is substantially similar to the existing rules of another exchange.303 The Exchange intends to submit a proposed rule change to the Commission setting forth the proposed fees relating to trading on BSTX and 301 Proposed Rule 29000 further provides authority for the Exchange to charge BSTX Participants a regulatory transaction fee pursuant to Section 31 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78ee) and that the Exchange will set forth fees pursuant to publicly available schedule of fees. 302 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 303 See Cboe BZX Rules 15.1 and 15.2. PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49443 market data products in advance of the launch of BSTX. Minor Rule Violation Plan The Exchange’s disciplinary rules, including Exchange Rules applicable to ‘‘minor rule violations,’’ are set forth in the Rule 12000 Series of the Exchange’s current Rules. Such disciplinary rules would apply to BSTX Participants and their associated persons pursuant to proposed Rule 24000. The Exchange’s Minor Rule Violation Plan (‘‘MRVP’’) specifies those uncontested minor rule violations with sanctions not exceeding $2,500 that would not be subject to the provisions of Rule 19d–1(c)(1) under the Exchange Act 304 requiring that an SRO promptly file notice with the Commission of any final disciplinary action taken with respect to any person or organization.305 The Exchange’s MRVP includes the policies and procedures set forth in Exchange Rule 12140 (Imposition of Fines for Minor Violations). The Exchange proposes to amend its MRVP and Rule 12140 to include proposed Rule 24010 (Penalty for Minor Rule Violations). The Rules included in proposed Rule 24010 as appropriate for disposition under the Exchange’s MRVP are: (a) Rule 20000 (Maintenance, Retention and Furnishing of Records); (b) Rule 25070 (Audit Trail); (c) Rule 25210(a)(1) (Two-Sided Quotation Obligations of BSTX Market Makers); and Rule 25120 (Short Sales). The rules included in proposed Rule 12140 are the same as the rules included in the MRVPs of other exchanges.306 Upon implementation of this proposal, the Exchange will include the enumerated trading rule violations in the Exchange’s standard quarterly report of actions taken on minor rule violations under the MRVP. The quarterly report includes: The Exchange’s internal file number for the case, the name of the individual and/or organization, the nature of the violation, the specific rule provision violated, the sanction imposed, the 304 17 CFR 240.19d–1(c)(1). Commission adopted amendments to paragraph (c) of Rule 19d–1 to allow SROs to submit for Commission approval plans for the abbreviated reporting of minor disciplinary infractions. See Exchange Act Release No. 21013 (June 1, 1984), 49 FR 23828 (June 8, 1984). Any disciplinary action taken by an SRO against any person for violation of a rule of the SRO which has been designated as a minor rule violation pursuant to such a plan filed with and declared effective by the Commission will not be considered ‘‘final’’ for purposes of Section 19(d)(1) of the Exchange Act if the sanction imposed consists of a fine not exceeding $2,500 and the sanctioned person has not sought an adjudication, including a hearing, or otherwise exhausted his administrative remedies. 306 See e.g., IEX Rule 9.218 and Cboe BZX Rule 8.15.01. 305 The E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49444 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 number of times the rule violation has occurred, and the date of disposition. The Exchange’s MRVP, as proposed to be amended, is consistent with Sections 6(b)(1), 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(6) of the Exchange Act,307 which require, in part, that an exchange have the capacity to enforce compliance with, and provide appropriate discipline for, violations of the rules of the Commission and of the exchange. In addition, because amended Rule 12140 will offer procedural rights to a person sanctioned for a violation listed in proposed Rule 24010, the Exchange will provide a fair procedure for the disciplining of members and associated persons, consistent with Section 6(b)(7) of the Exchange Act.308 This proposal to include the rules listed in Rule 24010 in the Exchange’s MRVP is consistent with the public interest, the protection of investors, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act, as required by Rule 19d–1(c)(2) under the Exchange Act,309 because it should strengthen the Exchange’s ability to carry out its oversight and enforcement responsibilities as an SRO in cases where full disciplinary proceedings are unsuitable in view of the minor nature of the particular violation. In requesting the proposed change to the MRVP, the Exchange in no way minimizes the importance of compliance with Exchange Rules and all other rules subject to the imposition of fines under the MRVP. However, the MRVP provides a reasonable means of addressing rule violations that do not rise to the level of requiring formal disciplinary proceedings, while providing greater flexibility in handling certain violations. The Exchange will continue to conduct surveillance with due diligence and make a determination based on its findings, on a case-by-case basis, whether a fine of more or less than the recommended amount is appropriate for a violation under the MRVP or whether a violation requires a formal disciplinary action. Amendments to Existing BOX Rules Due to the new BSTX trading facility and the introduction of trading in Securities= [sic] on the Exchange, the Exchange proposes to amend those Exchange Rules that would apply to BSTX Participants, but that currently only contemplate trading in options. Therefore, the Exchange is seeking to amend the following Exchange Rules, each of which is set forth in Exhibit 5B submitted with the proposal: 307 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1), 78f(b)(5) and 78f(b)(6). U.S.C. 78f(b)(7). 309 17 CFR 240.19d–1(c)(2). 308 15 VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 • Rule 100(a) (Definitions) ‘‘Options Participant’’ or ‘‘Participant’’: The Exchange proposes to change the definition of ‘‘Options Participant or Participant’’ to ‘‘Participant’’ to reflect Options Participants and BSTX Participants and to amend the definition as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Participant’ means a firm, or organization that is registered with the Exchange pursuant to the Rule 2000 Series for purposes of participating in trading on a facility of the Exchange and includes an ‘Options Participant’ and ‘BSTX Participant.’ ’’ • Rule 100(a) (Definitions) ‘‘Options Participant’’: The Exchange proposes to add a definition of ‘‘Options Participant’’ that would be defined as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Options Participant’ is a Participant registered with the Exchange for purposes of participating in options trading on the Exchange.’’ 310 • Rule 2020(g)(2) (Participant Eligibility and Registration): The Exchange proposes to delete subsection (g)(2) and replace it with the following: ‘‘(2) persons associated with a Participant whose functions are related solely and exclusively to transactions in municipal securities; (3) persons associated with a Participant whose functions are related solely and exclusively to transactions in commodities; (4) persons associated with a Participant whose functions are related solely and exclusively to transactions in securities futures, provided that any such person is appropriately registered with a registered futures association; and (5) persons associated with a Participant who are restricted from accessing the Exchange and that do not engage in the securities business of the Participant relating to activity that occurs on the Exchange.’’ 311 • Rule 2060 (Revocation of Participant Status or Association with a Participant): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 2060 to refer to ‘‘securities transactions’’ rather than ‘‘options securities transactions.’’ • Rule 3180(a) (Mandatory Systems Testing): The Exchange proposes to amend subsection (a)(1) of Rule 3180 to also include BSTX Participants, in addition to the categories of Market Makers and OFPs. 310 In addition, as a result of these new defined terms, the Exchange proposes to renumber definitions set forth in Rule 100(a) to keep the definitions in alphabetically order. 311 In addition to revising Rule 2020(g)(2) to broaden it to include securities activities beyond just options trading, the Exchange proposes to add greater specificity to define persons that are exempt from registration, consistent with the approach adopted by other exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 2.160(m). PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 • Rule 7130(a)(2)(v) Execution and Price/Time Priority: The Exchange proposes to update the cross reference to Rule 100(a)(58) to refer to Rule 100(a)(59), which defines the term ‘‘Request for Quote’’ or ‘‘RFQ’’ under the Rules after the proposed renumbering. • Rule 7150(a)(2) (Price Improvement Period): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 7150(a)(2) to update the cross reference to the definition of a Professional in Rule 100(a)(51) to instead refer to Rule 100(a)(52), which is where that term would be defined in the Rules after the proposed renumbering. • Rule 7230 (Limitation of Liability): The Exchange proposes to amend the references in Rule 7230 to ‘‘Options Participants’’ to simply ‘‘Participants.’’ • Rule 7245(a)(4) (Complex Order Price Improve Period): The Exchange proposes to update the cross reference to Rule 100(a)(51) to refer to Rule 100(a)(52), which defines the term ‘‘Professional’’ after the proposed renumbering. • IM–8050–3: The Exchange proposes to update the cross reference to Rule 100(a)(56) to refer to Rule 100(a)(57), which defines the term ‘‘quote’’ or ‘‘quotation’’ after the proposed renumbering. • Rule 11010(a) ‘‘Investigation Following Suspension’’: The Exchange proposes to amend subsection (a) of Rule 11010 to remove the reference to ‘‘in BOX options contracts’’ and to modify the word ‘‘position’’ with the word ‘‘security’’ as follows: ‘‘. . . the amount owing to each and a complete list of each open long and short security position maintained by the Participant and each of his or its Customers.’’ • Rule 11030 (Failure to Obtain Reinstatement): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 11030 to replace the reference to ‘‘Options Participant’’ to simply ‘‘Participant.’’ • Rule 12140 (Imposition of Fines for Minor Rule Violations): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 12140 to replace references to ‘‘Options Participant’’ to simply ‘‘Participant.’’ In addition, the Exchange proposes to add paragraph (f) to Rule 12140, to incorporate the aforementioned modifications to the Exchange’s MRVP. New paragraph (f) of Rule 12140 would provide: ‘‘(f) Transactions on BSTX. Rules and penalties relating to trading on BSTX that are set forth in Rule 24010 (Penalty for Minor Rule Violations).’’ The Exchange believes that the proposed amendments to the definitions set forth in Rule 100 are consistent with E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 312 because they protect investors and the public interest by setting forth clear definitions that help BOX and BSTX Participants understand and apply Exchange Rules. Without defining terms used in the Exchange Rules clearly, market participants could be confused as to the application of certain rules, which could cause harm to investors. The Exchange believes that the proposed amendments to the other Exchange Rules detailed above are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 313 because the proposed rule change is designed to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general to protect investors and the public interest. The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change would remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system by ensuring that market participants can easily navigate, understand and comply with the Exchange’s rulebook. The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change enables the Exchange to continue to enforce the Exchange’s rules. The Exchange notes that none of the proposed changes to the current Exchange rulebook would materially alter the application of any of those Rules, other than by extending them to apply to BSTX Participants and trading on the BSTX System. As such, the proposed amendments would foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities and would remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national exchange system. Further, the Exchange believes that, by ensuring the rulebook accurately reflects the intention of the Exchange’s rules, the proposed rule change reduces potential investor or market participant confusion. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Forms To Be Used in Connection With BSTX In connection with the operation of BSTX, the Exchange proposes to uses a series of new forms to facilitate becoming a BSTX Participant and for issuers to list their Securities. These forms have been submitted with the proposal as Exhibits 3A–3L. Each are described below. 312 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 313 Id. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 BSTX Participant Application Pursuant to proposed Rule 18000(b), in order to become a BSTX Participant, an applicant must complete a BSTX Participant Application, which has been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3A. The proposed BSTX Participant Application requires the applicant to provide certain basic information such as identifying the applicants name and contact information, Designated Examining Authority, organizational structure, and Central Registration Depository (‘‘CRD’’) number. The BSTX Participant Application also requires applicants to provide additional information including certain beneficial ownership information, the applicant’s current Form BD, an organization chart, a description of how the applicant receives orders from customers, how it will send orders to BSTX, and a copy of written supervisory procedures and information barrier procedures. In addition, the BSTX Participant Application allows applicants to indicate whether they are applying to be a BSTX Market Maker or a Designated Market Maker. Applicants wishing to become a BSTX Market Maker or Designated Market Maker must provide certain additional information including a list of each of the applicant’s trading representatives (including a copy of each representative’s Form U4), a copy of the applicant’s written supervisory procedures relating to market making, a description of the source and amount of the applicant’s capital, and information regarding the applicant’s other business activities and information barrier procedures. BSTX Participant Agreement Pursuant to Exchange Rule 18000(b), to transact business on BSTX, prospective BSTX Participants must complete a BSTX Participant Agreement. The BSTX Participant Agreement has been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3B. The BSTX Participant Agreement provides that a BSTX Participant must agree with the Exchange as follows: 1. Participant agrees to abide by the Rules of the Exchange and applicable bylaws, as amended from time to time, and all circulars, notices, interpretations, directives and/or decisions adopted by the Exchange. 2. Participant acknowledges that BSTX Participant and its associated persons are subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the Exchange. 3. Participant authorizes the Exchange to make available to any governmental agency or SRO any information it may have concerning the BSTX Participant PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49445 or its associated persons, and releases the Exchange from any and all liability in furnishing such information. 4. Participant acknowledges its obligation to update any and all information contained in any part of the BSTX Participant’s application, including termination of membership with another SRO. These provisions of the BSTX Participant Agreement and others therein are generally designed to reflect the Exchange’s SRO obligations to regulate BSTX Participants. Accordingly, these provisions contractually bind a BSTX Participant to comply with Exchange rules, acknowledge the Exchange’s oversight and jurisdiction, authorize the Exchange to disclose information regarding the Participant to any governmental agency or SRO and acknowledge the obligation to update any and all Application contained in the Participant’s application. BSTX User Agreement In order to become a BSTX Participant, prospective participants must also execute a BSTX User Agreement pursuant to proposed Rule 18000(b). The BSTX User Agreement, submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3C, includes provisions related to the term of the agreement, compliance with exchange rules, right and obligations under the agreement, changes to BSTX, proprietary rights under the agreement, use of information received under the relationship, disclaimer of warranty, limitation of liability, indemnification, termination and assignment. The information is necessary to outline the rights and obligations of the prospective Participant and the Exchange under the terms of the agreement. Both the BSTX Participant Agreement and BSTX User Agreement will be available on the Exchange’s website (boxoptions.com). BSTX Security Market Designated Market Maker Selection Form In accordance with proposed Rule 25230(b)(1), BSTX will maintain the BSTX Security Designated Market Maker Selection Form, which has been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3D. The issuer may select its DMM from among a pool of DMMs eligible to participate in the process. Within two business days of the issuer selecting its DMM, it will use the BSTX Security Market Designated Market Maker Selection form to notify BSTX of the selection. The form must be signed by a duly authorized officer as specified in proposed Rule 25230(b)(1). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49446 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices Clearing Authorization Forms In accordance with proposed Rule 18010, BSTX Participants that are not members/participants of a registered clearing agency must clear their transactions through a BSTX Participant that is a member of a registered clearing agency. A BSTX Participant clearing through another BSTX Participant would do so using, as applicable, either the BSTX Clearing Authorization (nonMarket Maker) form (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3E) or the BSTX Participant Clearing Authorization (Market Maker) form (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3F). Each form would be maintained by BSTX and each form specifies that the BSTX Participant clearing on behalf of the other BSTX Participant accepts financial responsibility for all transactions on BSTX that are made by the BSTX Participant designated on the form. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 BSTX Listing Applications The Exchange proposes to specify the required forms of listing application, listing agreement and other documentation that listing applicants and listed companies must execute or complete (as applicable) as a prerequisite for initial and ongoing listing on the Exchange, as applicable (collectively, ‘‘listing documentation’’). As proposed, the listing forms are substantially similar to those currently in use by NYSE American LLC, with certain differences to account for the trading of Securities. All listing documentation will be available on the Exchange’s website (boxoptions.com). Each of the listing documents form a duly authorized representative of the company must sign an affirmation that the information provided is true and correct as of the date the form was signed. In the event that in the future the Exchange makes any substantive changes (including changes to the rights, duties, or obligations of a listed company or listing applicant or the Exchange, or that would otherwise require a rule filing) to such documents, it will submit a rule filing in accordance with Rule 19b–4.314 Pursuant to Rule 26130 and 26300 of the Exchange Rules, a company must file and execute the BSTX Original Listing Application (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3G) or the BSTX Additional Listing Application (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3H) to apply for the listing of Securities 314 The Exchange will not submit a rule filing if the changes made to a document are solely typographical or stylistic in nature. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 on BSTX.315 The BSTX Original Listing Application provides information necessary, and in accordance with Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act,316 for Exchange regulatory staff to conduct a due diligence review of a company to determine if it qualifies for listing on the Exchange. The BSTX Additional Listing Application requires certain further information for an additional listing of Securities. Relevant factors regarding the company and securities to be listed would determine the type of information required. The following describes each category and use of application information: 1. Corporate information regarding the issuer of the security to be listed, including company name, address, contact information, Central Index Key Code (CIK), SEC File Number, state and country of incorporation, date of incorporation, whether the company is a foreign private issuer, website address, SIC Code, CUSIP number of the security being listed and the date of fiscal year end. This information is required of all applicants and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect basic company information for recordkeeping and due diligence purposes, including review of information contained in the company’s SEC filings. 2. For original listing applications only, corporate contact information including the company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary, General Counsel and Investor Relations Officer. This information is required of all initial applicants and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect current company contact information for purposes of obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of the applicant. 3. For original listing applications only, offering and security information regarding an offering, including the type of offering, a description of the issue, par value, number of Securities outstanding or offered, total Securities unissued, but reserved for issuance, date authorized, purpose of Securities to be issued, number of Securities authorized, and information relating to payment of dividends. This information is required of all applicants listing Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect basic information about the offering. 315 Pursuant to proposed Exchange Rule 26130, an applicant seeking the initial listing of its Security must also provide a legal opinion that the applicant’s Security is a security under applicable United States securities laws. 316 15 U.S.C. 78l(b). PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 4. For original listing applications only, information regarding the company’s transfer agent. Transfer agent information is required for all applicants. This information is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect current contact information for such company transfer agent for purposes of obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of the applicant. 5. For original listing applications only, contact information for the outside counsel with respect to the listing application, if any. This information is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect applicable contact information for purposes of obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of the applicant and assess compliance with Exchange Rule 26130. 6. For original listing applications only, a description of any security preferences. This information is necessary to determine whether the Applicant issuer has any existing class of common stock or equity securities entitling the holders to differential voting rights, dividend payments, or other preferences. 7. For original listing applications only, type of Security listing, including the type of transaction (initial public offering of a Security, merger, spin-off, follow on offering, reorganization, exchange offer or conversion) and other details related to the transaction, including the name and contact information for the investment banker/ financial advisor contacts. This information is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect information for such company for purposes of obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of the applicant. 8. For original listing applications only, exchange requirements for listing consideration. This section notes that to be considered for listing, the Applicant Issuer must meet the Exchange’s minimum listing requirements, that the Exchange has broad discretion regarding the listing of any Security and may deny listing or apply additional or more stringent criteria based on any event, condition or circumstance that makes the listing of an Applicant Issuer’s Security inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of the Exchange. The section also notes that even if an Applicant Issuer meets the Exchange’s listing standards for listing on the BSTX Security Market, it does not necessarily mean that its application will be E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices approved. This information is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to assess whether an Applicant Issuer is qualified for listing. 9. For original listing applications only, regulatory review information, including a certification that no officer, board member or non-institutional shareholder with greater than 10% ownership of the company has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor relating to financial issues during the past ten years or a detailed description of any such matters. This section also notes that the Exchange will review background materials available to it regarding the aforementioned individuals as part of the eligibility review process. This regulatory review information is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to assess whether there are regulatory matters related to the company that render it unqualified for listing. 10. For original listing applications only, supporting documentation required prior to listing approval includes a listing agreement, corporate governance affirmation, listing application checklist and underwriter’s letter. This documentation is necessary in order to support the Exchange’s regulatory staff listing qualification review (corporate governance affirmation, listing application checklist and underwriter’s letter) and to effectuate the listed company’s agreement to the terms of listing (listing agreement). 11. For additional listing applications only, transaction details, including the purpose of the issuance, total Securities, date of board authorization, date of shareholder authorization and anticipated date of issuance. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect basic information about the offering. 12. For additional listing applications only, insider participation and future potential issuances, including whether any director, officer or principal shareholder of the company has a direct or indirect interest in the transaction, and if the transaction potentially requires the company to issue any Securities in the future above the amount they are currently applying for. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect basic information about the offering. 13. For additional listing applications only, information for a technical original listing, including reverse VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Security splits and changes in states of incorporation. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order for the Exchange’s regulatory staff to collect basic information about the offering. 14. For additional listing applications only, information for a forward Security split or Security dividend, including forward Security split ratios and information related to Security dividends. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order to determine the rights associated with the Securities. 15. For additional listing applications only, relevant company documents. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary to assess to support the Exchange’s regulatory staff listing qualification review. 16. For additional listing applications only, reconciliation for technical original listing, including Securities issued and outstanding after the technical original event, listed reserves previously approved for listing, and unlisted reserves not yet approved by the Exchange. This information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary to assess to support the Exchange’s regulatory staff listing qualification review and to obtain all of the information relevant to the offering. Checklist for Original Listing Application In order to assist issuers seeking to list its Securities on BSTX, the Exchange has provided a checklist for issuers to seeking to file an original listing application with BSTX. The BSTX Listing Application Checklist, submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3I, provides that issuers must provide BSTX with a listing application, listing agreement, corporate governance affirmation, underwriter’s letter (for an initial public offering of a Security only) and relevant SEC filings (e.g., 8–A, 10, 40–F, 20–F). Each of the above referenced forms are fully described herein. The checklist is necessary to assist issuers and the Exchange regulatory staff in assessing the completion of the relevant documents. BSTX Security Market Listing Agreement Pursuant to proposed Exchange Rule 26132, to apply for listing on the Exchange, a company must execute the BSTX Security Market Listing Agreement (the ‘‘Listing Agreement’’), PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49447 which has been submitted with this proposal as Exhibit 3J. Pursuant to the proposed Listing Agreement, a company agrees with the Exchange as follows: 1. Company certifies that it will comply with all Exchange rules, policies, and procedures that apply to listed companies as they are now in effect and as they may be amended from time to time, regardless of whether the Company’s organization documents would allow for a different result. 2. Company shall notify the Exchange at least 20 days in advance of any change in the form or nature of any listed Securities or in the rights, benefits, and privileges of the holders of such Securities. 3. Company understands that the Exchange may remove its Securities from listing on the BSTX Security Market, pursuant to applicable procedures, if it fails to meet one or more requirements of Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this agreement. 4. In order to publicize the Company’s listing on the BSTX Security Market, the Company authorizes the Exchange to use the Company’s corporate logos, website address, trade names, and trade/ service marks in order to convey quotation information, transactional reporting information, and other information regarding the Company in connection with the Exchange. In order to ensure the accuracy of the information, the Company agrees to provide the Exchange with the Company’s current corporate logos, website address, trade names, and trade/ service marks and with any subsequent changes to those logos, trade names and marks. The Listing Agreement further requires that the Company specify a telephone number to which questions regarding logo usage should be directed. 5. Company indemnifies the Exchange and holds it harmless from any thirdparty rights and/or claims arising out of use by the Exchange or, any affiliate or facility of the Exchange (‘‘Corporations’’) of the Company’s corporate logos, website address, trade names, trade/service marks, and/or the trading symbol used by the Company. 6. Company warrants and represents that the trading symbol to be used by the Company does not violate any trade/ service mark, trade name, or other intellectual property right of any third party. The Company’s trading symbol is provided to the Company for the limited purpose of identifying the Company’s security in authorized quotation and trading systems. The Exchange reserves the right to change the Company’s trading symbol at the Exchange’s discretion at any time. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49448 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 7. Company agrees to furnish to the Exchange on demand such information concerning the Company as the Exchange may reasonably request. 8. Company agrees to pay when due all fees associated with its listing of Securities on the BSTX Security Market, in accordance with the Exchange’s Rules. 9. Company agrees to file all required periodic financial reports with the SEC, including annual reports and, where applicable, quarterly or semi-annual reports, by the due dates established by the SEC. The various provisions of the Listing Agreement are designed to accomplish several objectives. First, clauses 1–3 and 6–8 reflect the Exchange’s SRO obligations to assure that only listed companies that are compliant with applicable Exchange rules may remain listed. Thus, these provisions contractually bind a listed company to comply with Exchange rules, provide notification of any corporate action or other event that will cause the company to cease to be in compliance with Exchange listing requirements, evidence the company’s understanding that it may be removed from listing (subject to applicable procedures) if it fails to be in compliance or notify the Exchange of any event of noncompliance, furnish the Exchange with requested information on demand, pay all fees due and file all required periodic reports with the SEC. Clauses four and five contain standard legal representations and agreements from the listed company to the Exchange regarding use of its logo, trade names, trade/service markets, and trading symbols as well as potential legal claims against the Exchange in connection thereto. BSTX Security Market Company Corporate Governance Affirmation In accordance with the proposed Rule 26800 Series, companies listed on BSTX would be required to comply with certain corporate governance standards, relating to, for example, audit committees, director nominations, executive compensation, board composition, and executive sessions. In certain circumstances the corporate governance standards that apply vary depending on the nature of the company. In addition, there are phasein periods and exemptions available to certain types of companies. The proposed BSTX Security Market Corporate Governance Affirmation, submitted with this proposal as Exhibit 3K, enables a company to confirm to the Exchange that it is in compliance with the applicable standards, and specify any applicable phase-ins or exemptions. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 Companies are required to submit a BSTX Security Market Corporate Governance Affirmation upon initial listing on the Exchange and thereafter when an event occurs that makes an existing form inaccurate. This BSTX Security Market Corporate Governance Affirmation assists the Exchange regulatory staff in monitoring listed company compliance with the corporate governance requirements. Sample Underwriter’s Letter In accordance with proposed Rule 26101, an initial public offering of a Security must meet certain listing requirements. The Exchange seeks to require the issuer’s underwriter to execute a letter setting forth the details of the offering, including the name of the offering and why the offering meets the criteria of the BSTX rules. This information, set forth in the proposed Sample Underwriter’s Letter and submitted with this proposal as Exhibit 3L, is necessary to assist the Exchange’s regulatory staff in assessing the offering’s compliance with BSTX listing standards for an initial public offering of a Security. Regulation In connection with the operation of BSTX, the Exchange will leverage many of the structures it established to operate a national securities exchange in compliance with Section 6 of the Exchange Act.317 Specifically, the Exchange will extend its Regulatory Services Agreement with FINRA to cover BSTX Participants and trading on the BSTX System. This Regulatory Services Agreement will govern many aspects of the regulation and discipline of BSTX Participants, just as it does for options regulation. The Exchange will perform Security listing regulation, authorize BSTX Participants to trade on the BSTX System, and conduct surveillance of Security trading on the BSTX System. Section 17(d) of the Exchange Act 318 and the related Exchange Act rules permit SROs to allocate certain regulatory responsibilities to avoid duplicative oversight and regulation. Under Exchange Act Rule 17d–1,319 the SEC designates one SRO to be the Designated Examining Authority, or DEA, for each broker-dealer that is a member of more than one SRO. The DEA is responsible for the financial aspects of that broker-dealer’s regulatory oversight. Because Exchange Participants, including BSTX 317 15 U.S.C. 78f. U.S.C. 78q(d). 319 17 CFR 240.17d–1. 318 15 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 Participants, also must be members of at least one other SRO, the Exchange would generally not be designated as the DEA for any of its members.320 Rule 17d–2 under the Exchange Act 321 permits SROs to file with the Commission plans under which the SROs allocate among each other the responsibility to receive regulatory reports from, and examine and enforce compliance with specified provisions of the Exchange Act and rules thereunder and SRO rules by, firms that are members of more than one SRO (‘‘common members’’). If such a plan is declared effective by the Commission, an SRO that is a party to the plan is relieved of regulatory responsibility as to any common member for whom responsibility is allocated under the plan to another SRO. The Exchange plans to join the Plan for the Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Regarding Regulation NMS.322 The Exchange may choose to join certain Rule 17d–2 agreements such as the agreement allocating responsibility for insider trading rules.323 For those regulatory responsibilities that fall outside the scope of any Rule 17d–2 agreements that the Exchange may join, subject to Commission approval, the Exchange will retain full regulatory responsibility under the Exchange Act. However, as noted, the Exchange will extend its existing Regulatory Services Agreement with FINRA to provide that FINRA personnel will operate as agents for the Exchange in performing certain regulatory functions with respect to BSTX. As is the case with the Exchange’s options trading platform, the Exchange will supervise FINRA and continue to bear ultimate regulatory responsibility for BSTX. Consistent with the Exchange’s existing regulatory structure, the Exchange’s Chief Regulatory Officer shall have general supervision of the regulatory operations of BSTX, including responsibility for overseeing the surveillance, examination, and enforcement functions and for administering all regulatory services agreements applicable to BSTX. Similarly, the Exchange’s existing Regulatory Oversight Committee will be responsible for overseeing the adequacy and effectiveness of Exchange’s regulatory and self-regulatory organization responsibilities, including 320 See Exchange Rule 2020(a) (requiring that a Participant be a member of another registered national securities exchange or association). 321 17 CFR 240.17d–2. 322 Exchange Act Release No. 85046 (February 4, 2019), 84 FR 2643 (February 7, 2019). 323 Exchange Act Release No. 84392 (October 10, 2018), 83 FR 52243 (October 16, 2018). E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices those applicable to BSTX. Finally, as it does with options, the Exchange will perform automated surveillance of trading on BSTX for the purpose of maintaining a fair and orderly market at all times and monitor BSTX to identify unusual trading patterns and determine whether particular trading activity requires further regulatory investigation by FINRA. In addition, the Exchange will oversee the process for determining and implementing trade halts, identifying and responding to unusual market conditions, and administering the Exchange’s process for identifying and remediating ‘‘clearly erroneous trades’’ pursuant to proposed Rule 25110. NMS Plans The Exchange intends to join the Order Execution Quality Disclosure Plan, the Plan to Address Extraordinary Market Volatility, the Plan Governing the Process of Selecting a Plan Processor, and the applicable plan(s) for consolidation and dissemination of market data. The Exchange is already a participant in the NMS plan related to the Consolidated Audit Trail. Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,324 the Exchange believes that joining the same set of NMS plans that all other national securities exchanges that trade equities must join fosters cooperation and coordination with other national securities exchanges and other market participants engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities. lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 2. Statutory Basis The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with the provisions of the Exchange Act,325 in general and with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,326 in particular, in that it is designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest; and it is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers, or to regulate by virtue of any authority conferred by this title matters not 324 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). U.S.C. 78a et seq. 326 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 325 15 VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 related to the purposes of this title or the administration of the Exchange. The Exchange believes that BSTX will benefit individual investors, other market participants, and the equities market generally. The Exchange proposes to establish BSTX as a facility of the Exchange that would trade equities in a similar manner to how equities presently trade on other exchanges. BSTX would also make available to BSTX Participants the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which provides certain order and transaction information with respect to a BSTX Participant’s trading activity on BSTX, as well as anonymized order and transaction data with respect to all trading activity occurring on BSTX. The Exchange believes that the content of information available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would generally be similar to TAQ data made available by NYSE today, except that (i) the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would use a private, permissioned network controlled by the Exchange to make the market data available to BSTX Participants; (ii) a BSTX Participant would be able to certain see nonanonymized information about its own trading activity on BSTX; 327 and (iii) the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would include market data only with respect to trading activity occurring on BSTX, while the Exchange understands that TAQ data includes certain trading and quotation data that may occur on other markets.328 The Exchange believes that the use of blockchain technology, through a private permissioned network accessible through an API that operates in manner that is fully compatible with the existing regulatory structures for trading, recordkeeping, and clearance and settlement that market participants are familiar with is an appropriate way to introduce blockchain to the current market structure. BSTX Participants would not have affirmative obligations to provide information to the blockchain nor would they be required to access or use it. The data inputs to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be captured in the ordinary course as BSTX Participants’ orders and messages are sent to the Exchange through the FIX 327 All non-anonymized information would be available only to the BSTX Participant who provided such information to the Exchange through its trading activity on BSTX. 328 See e.g., NYSE, Daily TAQ Fact Sheet, (noting that TAQ data ‘‘provides users access to all trades and quotes for all issues traded on NYSE, Nasdaq and the regional exchanges for a single trading day’’ and is ‘‘a comprehensive history of daily activity from NYSE markets and the U.S. Consolidated Tape covering U.S. Equities instruments (CTA and UTP participating markets’’) https://www.nyse.com/ publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_Fact_Sheet.pdf. PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49449 gateway. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain, therefore, would be optional functionality available to all BSTX Participants on equal terms, and therefore is not unfairly discriminatory, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.329 The Exchange has proposed to make anonymized General Market Data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain available to both BSTX Participants and nonBSTX Participants through the same means of an API. Accordingly, the Exchange believes that because General Market Data available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be available to both BSTX and non-BSTX Participants, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is not unfairly discriminatory and does not impose a burden on competition, consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act.330 Non-BSTX Participants would not be provided access to any Participant Proprietary Data to protect the private trading information of each BSTX Participant (and each BSTX Participant would only have access to its own Participant Proprietary Data), which the Exchange believes is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act because providing the Participant Proprietary Data of a given BSTX Participant to non-BSTX Participants (or other BSTX Participants) would unfairly discriminate against the BSTX Participant whose information is being shared and could place that BSTX Participant at an unfair competitive disadvantage if its order and trading information were shared with other market participants. In addition, because the BSTX Market Data Blockchain only captures information with respect to trading activity on BSTX, it would have no effect or impact on other exchanges, promoting consistency with Section 6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act, which prohibits an exchange’s rules from imposing a burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the Exchange Act.331 The entry of an innovative competitor such as BSTX seeking to implement a measured introduction of blockchain technology in connection with the trading of equity securities may promote competition by encouraging other market participants to find ways of using blockchain technology in connection with securities transactions. The proposed regulation of BSTX and BSTX Participants, as well as the execution of 329 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). U.S.C. 78f(b)(5) and (8). 331 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8). 330 15 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 49450 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices Securities using a price-time priority model and the clearance and settlement of Securities pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency will all operate in a manner substantially similar to existing equities exchanges. In this way, the Exchange believes that BSTX provides a robust regulatory structure that protects investors and the public interest while introducing the use of blockchain technology as an additional feature in connection with Securities traded on the Exchange. In connection with the clearance and settlement of Securities pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency, the Exchange proposes that BSTX Participants would be able to include in their orders in Securities that are submitted to BSTX certain parameters to indicate a preference for settlement on a same day (T+0) or next trading day (T+1) basis when certain conditions are met.332 Any such orders would at the time of order entry represent orders that would be regular-way and would be presumed to settle on a T+2 basis just like any other order submitted by a BSTX Participant that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for faster settlement. As described in greater detail above, however, an Order with a T+0 Preference or an Order with a T+1 Preference would only result in executions that would actually settle more quickly than on a T+2 basis if, and only if, all of the conditions in Rule 25060(h) are met and the execution that is transmitted to NSCC is eligible for T+0 or T+1 settlement under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency.333 Any such preference included by a BSTX Participant would only become operative if the order happens to execute against another order from a BSTX Participant that also includes a parameter indicating a preference for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis. The Exchange believes that the proposed ability for BSTX Participants to indicate a preference for shorter settlement times as described above is consistent with the Exchange Act and in particular Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because it would help remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between or among market participants.334 Specifically, allowing for BSTX Participants to potentially reduce the settlement time proposed Rule 25060(h). proposed Rule 25100(d). 334 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). for transactions on BSTX pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency helps remove impediments to and perfects a free and open market by allowing greater choice for BSTX Participants who may want to avail themselves of currently available functionality at registered clearing agencies. Moreover, the Commission has previously noted a number of positive effects relating to the liquidity risks and costs faced by members in a clearing agency, and the Exchange believes that this proposed functionality on BSTX would help realize such positive effects.335 Proposed Rule 25060(h) is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between market participants consistent with Section 6(b)(5) 336 because the Rule would allow all orders that are marketable against one another—regardless of the settlement preference of the BSTX Participant submitting the order (or their customer)—to execute against each other. A BSTX Participant that would like settlement of T+2 could still interact with orders on BSTX that indicate a preference for a shorter settlement cycle and vice-versa and, in all cases, the trade would settle pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. Only where two orders that both indicate a preference for a shorter settlement cycle match on BSTX would a shorter settlement cycle be possible pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s Statement on Burden on Competition The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will result in any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act.337 The Exchange operates in an intensely competitive global marketplace for transaction services. The Exchange competes for the privilege of providing market services to broker-dealers through the Exchange’s service offerings and associated benefits it is able to provide. The Exchange’s ability to compete in this environment is based in large part on the quality of its trading systems, the overall quality of its market and its attractiveness to market participants who evaluate the Exchange on, among other things, speed, reliability, the likelihood and costs of 332 See 335 See 333 See 336 15 VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 supra notes 75–78 and accompanying text. U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 337 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8). Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 executions, as well as spreads, fairness, and transparency. The Exchange believes that the primary areas where the proposed rule change could potentially result in a burden on competition are with regard to the terms on which: (1) Issuers may list their securities for trading, (2) market participants may access BSTX as a facility of the Exchange and use its services including the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, (3) Security transactions may be cleared and settled, (4) Security transactions would occur OTC (5) Security transactions would occur on other exchanges through an extension of UTP to Securities. Regarding considerations (1) and (2), and as described in detail in Item 3 above, the BSTX Rules are drawn substantially from the existing rules of other exchanges that the Commission has already found to be consistent with the Exchange Act, including regarding whether they impose any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of its purposes. For example, the BSTX NonETP Listing Rules in the 26000 Series and Suspension and Delisting Rules in the 27000 Series that affect issuers and their ability to list Securities for trading are based substantially on the current rules of NYSE American. Additionally, the BSTX Trading and Listing of ETPs Rules in the 28000 Series that concern issuers and their ability to list Securities that are exchange-traded products are based substantially on the current rules of NYSE Arca. Additionally, the BSTX Rules regarding membership and access to and use of the facilities of BSTX are also substantially based on existing exchange rules. Specifically, the relevant BSTX Rules are as follows: Participation on BSTX (Rule 18000 Series); business conduct for BSTX Participants (Rule 19000 Series); financial and operational rules for BSTX Participants (Rule 20000 Series); supervision (Rule 21000 Series); miscellaneous provisions (Rule 22000 Series); trading practices (Rule 23000 Series); discipline and summary suspension (Rule 24000 Series); trading (Rule 25000 Series); market making (Rule 25200 Series); and dues, fees, assessments, and other charges (Rule 28000 [sic] Series). As described in detail in Item 3, these rules are substantially based on analogous rules of the following exchanges, as applicable: BOX; Investors Exchange LLC; Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.; The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; and NYSE American LLC. Regarding consideration (2) and use of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, the terms on which BSTX would operate E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 the BSTX Market Data Blockchain under Rule 17020 would apply equally to all BSTX Participants (and non-BSTX Participants accessing anonymized General Market Data) and would therefore not impose any different burden on one BSTX Participant compared to another (or between and among non-BSTX Participants). As described in detail in Item 3, BSTX would issue login credentials to each BSTX Participant or non-BSTX Participant through which users may access the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Accessing the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not be required. If a BSTX Participant chooses to access the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, it would be able to see its order and transaction information on BSTX as well as anonymized General Market Data from other BSTX Participants and a non-BSTX Participant would only be able to see the anonymized General Market Data. Because the General Market Data would be anonymized, the Exchange believes that there would not be cause for concern regarding potential trading information leakage or the ability for a BSTX Participant to reverse engineer another BSTX Participant’s trading strategies.338 Moreover, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not require any affirmative action on the part of a BSTX Participant for its information to be recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Rather the Exchange would control all aspects of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain as a private, permission-based blockchain accessible to BSTX Participants, and the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would capture order and execution activity that occurs in the normal course on BSTX and is made available to BSTX Participants (and non-BSTX Participants with respect to anonymized General Market Data) as an additional resource that they may use in their discretion. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would functionally provide market data similarly to what NYSE offers through TAQ data, but would simply provide it 338 Non-BSTX Participants accessing the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would have access to the same anonymized General Market Data as BSTX Participants. While a non-BSTX Participant would be treated differently than a BSTX Participant in that they would not be able to access any proprietary market data of a BSTX Participant, the reason for this difference is to prevent a non-BSTX Participant from being able to see the confidential trading information of a BSTX Participant. If the Exchange were to provide non-BSTX Participants with access to one or more BSTX Participants’ proprietary market data, the Exchange would impose an undue burden on competition against BSTX Participants whose confidential trading information would be shared. Accordingly, nonBSTX Participants may only access anonymized, General Market Data. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 using distributed ledger technology. Accordingly, although capturing a different set of market data than captured by NYSE TAQ data, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is procompetitive by offering a similar type of market data and using an innovative technology to do so. For these reasons, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not impose any burden on competition. In addition to not imposing any burden on competition, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would provide two primary benefits to BSTX Participants. First, the Exchange believes that BSTX Participants that choose to access the BSTX Market Data Blockchain may find the information useful as a focused source of market data regarding order and transaction information on BSTX.339 Second, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would help familiarize BSTX Participants that access the market data with the capabilities of blockchain technology in a manner that does not impose any burden on competition on them or others. The Commission has stated that it is ‘‘mindful of the benefits of increasing use of new technologies for investors and the markets, and has encouraged experimentation and innovation . . .’’ stating further that ‘‘[i]nformation and communications technologies are critical to healthy and efficient primary and secondary markets.’’ 340 Regarding the judgment of whether the benefits of certain technologies are meritorious, the Commission has explained its view that ‘‘[t]he market will ultimately prove the worth of technology—whether the benefits to the industry and its investors of developing and using new services are greater than the associated costs.’’ 341 Consistent with these statements, the Exchange believes that promoting use of the functionality of blockchain technology through the BSTX Market Data Blockchain will allow BSTX Participants to observe and increase their familiarity with the capabilities and potential benefits of blockchain technology in a context that operates within the current equity market infrastructure and thereby advances and protects the public’s interest in the use and development of new data processing techniques that may create 339 For example, a BSTX Participant may wish to use the market data to review its trading activity on BSTX, determine what the market quality was at a particular time for a given Security or to evaluate execution quality on BSTX. 340 See supra n. 52–54 and accompanying text. 341 Id. PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49451 opportunities for more efficient, effective and safe securities markets.342 Regarding consideration (3) and the manner in which Security transactions may be cleared and settled, the Exchange proposes under BSTX Rule 25100(d) to clear and settle transactions in Securities in accordance with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. The Exchange believes that this is consistent with how other exchange-listed equity securities are cleared and settled today. Therefore, BSTX’s rules regarding clearance and settlement of Security transactions do not impose any relative burden on competition regarding the manner in which trades may be cleared and settled because market participants would be able to clear and settle Security transactions in the same manner as they already do in other types of NMS stock. The Exchange believes that this is equally true regarding the proposed ability of BSTX Participants to submit to BSTX orders in Securities in which they include a parameter expressing a preference for T+1 or T+0 settlement, consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency, as proposed in the operation of proposed BSTX Rules 25060(h) and 25100(d). As described in detail in Item 3 above, BSTX believes that NSCC and DTC already have authority under their rules policies and procedures to clear and settle certain trades on a T+1 or T+0 basis and that these clearing agencies do already clear and settle trades in accordance with this authority. The Exchange believes that answering the question of whether a burden on competition is imposed by the proposal to allow BSTX Participants to specify an order parameter indicating a preference for potential settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis requires an assessment under three general circumstances for order submissions and executions. The first possible circumstance contemplates orders that BSTX Participants would submit to the BSTX System and that would result in an execution on BSTX. Here, it would be entirely the choice of any BSTX Participant regarding whether to include an order parameter indicating a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement where possible under the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060(h) and subject to functionality permitted by the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. If no such additional parameter is included in the order or the matched orders are not eligible for shortened settlement pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a 342 See E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM supra n.55 and accompanying text. 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 49452 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices registered clearing agency (e.g., the trade is not received by NSCC for T+0 clearance and settlement through NSCC’s contiuous net settlement system in advance of the applicable cut-off time), the order defaults to settle on a regular-way T+2 basis under the settlement logic in proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h). As described in Part II.H of Item 3, an order that includes a parameter indicating a preference for potential T+0 settlement will execute against any order against which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on a standard settlement cycle of T+2 except where: (i) The order with the parameter for potential settlement on T+0 executes against another order with a parameter for potential settlement on T+0 (in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the trade date if the transaction is also eligible for settlement on T+0 under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency) or (ii) the order with a parameter for potential settlement on T+0 executes against an order with a parameter for potential settlement on T+1 (in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on T+1 if the transaction is also eligible for settlement on T+1 under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency). Similarly, as proposed, an order that includes a parameter for potential settlement on T+1 will execute against any order against which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on standard settlement cycle of T+2 except where an order that includes a parameter for potential settlement on T+1 executes against another such order or an order that includes a parameter for potential settlement on T+0 (in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on T+1 if the transaction is also eligible for settlement on T+1 under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency). In all cases under the settlement logic in proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h), an order that does not include an optional parameter indicating a preference for potential settlement on T+0 or T+1 would be a regular way order that would always receive T+2 settlement if it executes against any other order in the BSTX System. In this way, all of the orders submitted to BSTX would be regular way orders that in and VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 of themselves would be presumed to settle on T+2. Only where a BSTX Participant includes the optional parameters to express a preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement (where consistent with and eligible for shortened settlement under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency) and the order matches against another order seeking a shorter settlement time than T+2 could a transaction settle more quickly than T+2 under the settlement logic in proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h) and as described immediately above. Thus, every market participant seeking T+2 settlement for an execution on BSTX would be able to interact with any order against which their order is marketable, including those marked for possible T+0 or T+1 settlement. In addition, the possibility of shortened settlement timing would have no impact on the Exchange’s price time priority.343 For these reasons, the Exchange believes that no burden on competition is imposed in this first possible circumstance. The second possible circumstance arises when an order that would be required under Exchange Act Rule 611,344 the Commission’s ‘‘order protection rule’’, to be routed to BSTX from a third party exchange that extends UTP to a Security. This required routing of the order in such a Security would occur in this setting because the NBBO existed on BSTX at the time of the entry of the order. Under proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h), the order routed to BSTX would execute against any order against which it is marketable without regard to whether a BSTX Participant may have included an optional parameter for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement where the order executes against another order that also has an optional parameter for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement under the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060(h). In the event the order routed to BSTX executes against another order on BSTX against which it is marketable, that executed transaction in the Security would be bound for regular way T+2 settlement under BSTX Rule 25060(h) because the Exchange believes that the routed order from a third party exchange would not include a parameter for T+0 or T+1 settlement. This is because the Exchange believes that no other exchange currently includes any such optional parameters to be able to indicate a preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement. This structure means that any non-BSTX Participant that sees a quote in a Security on BSTX would remain able to 343 See 344 17 PO 00000 supra n.62 and accompanying text. CFR 242.611. Frm 00038 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 execute against that quote even if that quote includes an optional parameter indicating a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement where an executed order becomes eligible for any such settlement on a basis that is faster that T+2 under the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060(h). The Exchange believes that no burden on competition results in this second possible circumstance because an order routed to BSTX would interact against any order on BSTX against which it is marketable. All orders in a Security that are submitted directly to BSTX by BSTX Participants or that may be routed to BSTX would be regular way orders that when viewed in isolation would be presumed to settle on a T+2 basis at the time of order entry. It would only be upon execution against another order that also includes an order parameter expressing a preference for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis that the executed transaction (i.e., not the initial orders) would become eligible for settlement faster than T+2 under the settlement logic in Rule 25060(h) pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. The Exchange believes this imposes no burden on competition on BSTX Participants because inclusion of any T+0 or T+1 parameter would be entirely optional and any BSTX Participant that includes such a parameter would do so with an ex-ante understanding of the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060 that could cause an executed transaction to settle more quickly that T+2. As noted, the Exchange believes that orders in a Security that would be required to be routed to BSTX, for example under the Commission’s Order Protection Rule, would also not impose any burden on competition because other exchanges do not have rules that similarly contemplate the inclusion of a T+0 or T+1 parameter, such routed orders would therefore result in T+2 settlement if executed against any other order on BSTX against which the order is marketable (regardless of whether the order against which it executes includes an optional parameter indicating a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement). Therefore, any order routed to BSTX would be able to interact with any other order on BSTX against which it is marketable and would settle on a regular way T+2 basis just as occurs today regarding any order in an NMS stock that is routed to a national securities exchange. The third possible circumstance contemplates an order that must be routed under the order protection rule from BSTX to a third party exchange E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices that extends UTP for a Security because the third party exchange has the NBBO at that time. The Exchange believes that this setting is not relevant under the proposed rules of BSTX. Specifically, the Exchange believes that it is not relevant because proposed BSTX Rule 25130(d) states that the BSTX System will reject any order or quotation that would lock or cross a protected quotation of another exchange at the time of entry. Therefore, any such orders that would otherwise be required to be routed by BSTX to another exchange will instead be rejected by the BSTX System. Accordingly, any specification by a BSTX Participant of a T+0 or T+1 settlement timing parameter for an order in this setting could not create any burden on competition because the order will be rejected and would never lead to an execution. In addition to not imposing any burden on competition, the Exchange believes that allowing BSTX Participants to use faster settlement cycles where consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency would mitigate settlement risk for transactions in such Securities, consistent with the benefits the Commission has noted in this area. Namely, in adopting amendments to SEC Rule 15c6–1 in 2017 to shorten the standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer transactions in securities from T+3 to T+2, the Commission stated its belief that the shorter settlement cycle would have positive effects regarding the liquidity risks and costs faced by members in a clearing agency, like NSCC, that performs CCP services, and that it would also have positive effects for other market participants. Specifically, the Commission stated its belief that the resulting ‘‘reduction in the amount of unsettled trades and the period of time during which the CCP is exposed to risk would reduce the amount of financial resources that the CCP members may have to provide to support the CCP’s risk management process . . .’’ and that ‘‘[t]his reduction in the potential need for financial resources should, in turn, reduce the liquidity costs and capital demands clearing broker-dealers face . . . and allow for improved capital utilization.’’ 345 The Commission went on to state its belief that shortening the settlement cycle ‘‘would also lead to benefits to other market participants, including introducing broker-dealers, institutional investors, and retail investors’’ such as ‘‘quicker access to funds and securities following trade execution’’ and ‘‘reduced margin 345 See supra n.75–78 and accompanying text. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 charges and other fees that clearing broker-dealers may pass down to other market participants[.]’’ 346 The Commission also ‘‘noted that a move to a T+1 standard settlement cycle could have similar qualitative benefits of market, credit, and liquidity risk reduction for market participants[.]’’ 347 The Exchange agrees with these statements by the Commission and has therefore proposed BSTX Rule 25100(d) in a form that would promote the benefits of shorter settlement cycles for Securities without imposing burdens on other national securities exchanges or market participants that are not BSTX Participants. With respect to consideration (4) above, as previously noted, market participants would not be limited in their ability to trade Securities OTC because Securities could be traded OTC and would be cleared and settled in the same manner as other NMS stocks through the facilities of a registered clearing agency. Thus, the Exchange does not believe that its proposal will place any new burden on competition with respect to OTC trading, given that trading, clearance and settlement will take place in the same manner as for other NMS stocks. With respect to consideration (5) noted above regarding other exchanges extending UTP to Securities, the Exchange does not believe that the proposed Rules would impose a burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act. This is because other national securities exchanges would be able to extend UTP to Securities in accordance with Commission rules just as they can regarding any other NMS stock. C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s Statement on Comments on the Proposed Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others The Exchange has neither solicited nor received comments on the proposed rule change. III. Summary of the Comment Letters Received Several commenters express support for the proposal’s proposed use of a shortened settlement cycle under certain circumstances.348 One commenter states in support of the 346 Id. 347 Id. 348 See Letter from Meagan Darata, Utah Salt Supplements (June 21, 2021) (‘‘Darata Letter’’); Letter from Mark Nelson (June 10, 2021) (‘‘Nelson Letter’’); Letter from Robert Shaw (June 11, 2021) (‘‘Shaw Letter’’); Letter from Neil Skinner (June 11, 2021) (‘‘Skinner Letter’’). PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49453 proposal that the proposed BSTX exchange would provide significant advantages over existing exchanges by providing fairer conditions to market participants through reduced settlement times and more transparency.349 This commenter states that T+0 settlement would improve market conditions for retail investors by reducing risk of failure to deliver on highly shorted stocks, and would reduce actual and opportunity costs by eliminating margin lending for the period before settlement and lost opportunities to reinvest.350 Two commenters refer to recent problems that they characterize as arising from T+2 settlement and short selling,351 and state that the proposal for a shorter settlement cycle would level the playing field for retail investors.352 One commenter states that the United States should support blockchain technologies like BSTX to be competitive globally, and that blockchain affords more efficiency and transparency.353 Another commenter states that blockchain will bring the advantages of better security, higher transparency, more trust, and a fairer marketplace to the sector.354 This commenter also states that blockchain would afford savings in time and money, make the market safer against fraud, and help United States markets keep up with other global systems.355 Another commenter states that it would like to see the development of financial institutions and securities exchanges that allow access to financial instruments and investments without the burdens and controls placed by traditional exchanges, and that the proposal represents the first steps in a free and equitable publicly auditable financial system.356 Finally, one commenter states that the proposal does not specifically address how participants shall access BSTX and 349 See Nelson Letter, supra note 348. id. This commenter also states that the commenter expects the reduced costs of operating the exchange to be passed on to prospective companies and issuers, thereby creating more opportunities for companies and asset holders to offer securities, and resulting in a market boom as new market participants join the exchange. See id. 351 See Letter from Anonymous (June 15, 2021) (‘‘Anonymous Letter I’’); Skinner Letter, supra note 348. See also Shaw Letter, supra note 348 (stating that, with the current issues regarding settlement time, the proposal to offer speedy settlement is one answer to improving the system). 352 See Anonymous Letter I, supra note 351; Skinner Letter, supra note 348. See also Darata Letter, supra note 348 (stating that there is a wide power differential between retail and institutional traders). 353 See Letter from Anonymous (June 15, 2021) (‘‘Anonymous Letter II’’). 354 See Letter from Anonymous (June 21, 2021). 355 See id. 356 See Letter from Tyler Hess (June 17, 2021). 350 See E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49454 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices that, by comparison, with respect to the trading of options, the Exchange does not currently enforce equidistant cabling among and between participants and its matching engine located in the same data center.357 This commenter states that, absent confirmation that access to BSTX will be offered on an equal and non-discriminatory basis, the commenter urges the Commission to disapprove the proposal.358 In response, the Exchange states that BSTX will provide for equidistant cabling arrangements to ensure that all colocated BSTX Participants are on a level playing field in connecting to the BSTX matching engine.359 The Exchange also states that BSTX plans to have equidistant cabling arrangements within the area of the data center that it controls, and that it will make technical details regarding those arrangements available to prospective BSTX Participants in certain specification documents after approval of BSTX as a new facility of the Exchange.360 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 IV. Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove SR–BOX– 2021–06, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, and Grounds for Disapproval Under Consideration The Commission is instituting proceedings pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act 361 to determine whether the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, should be approved or disapproved. Institution of such proceedings is appropriate at this time in view of the legal and policy issues raised by the proposed rule change. Institution of proceedings does not indicate that the Commission has reached any conclusions with respect to any of the issues involved. Rather, as described below, the Commission seeks and encourages interested persons to provide additional comment on the proposed rule change to inform the Commission’s analysis of whether to approve or disapprove the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act,362 the Commission is providing 357 See Letter from Andrew Stevens, General Counsel, IMC Chicago, LLC and Richard McDonald, Compliance Coordinator, Susquehanna International Group, LLP (June 28, 2021), at 2. 358 See id. at 3. 359 See Letter from Lisa J. Fall, President, BOX Exchange LLC (July 1, 2021), at 1. 360 See id. at 2. The Exchange states that its options trading platform is an entirely separate facility of the Exchange with a separate ownership structure from BSTX, and BSTX will use separate data center operations and a different technology provider. See id. at 3. 361 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B). 362 Id. VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 notice of the grounds for disapproval under consideration. As described above, the Exchange proposes to adopt rules to govern the trading of equity securities on the Exchange through the BSTX facility. Among other things, the Exchange proposes to operate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain and to submit trades to NSCC for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis under certain conditions. As stated above, the Commission has received comment letters on the proposal and a response letter from the Exchange. Moreover, on August 18, 2021, the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change. The Commission is instituting proceedings to allow for additional analysis of, and input from commenters with respect to, the consistency of the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, with the Act and, in particular, with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, which requires, among other things, that the rules of a national securities exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and to protect investors and the public interest, and not be designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers; 363 Section 6(b)(7) of the Act, which requires that the rules of a national securities exchange provide a fair procedure for the prohibition or limitation by the exchange of any person with respect to access to services offered by the exchange; 364 and Section 6(b)(8) of the Act, which requires that the rules of a national securities exchange not impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act.365 The Exchange proposes to make available the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would operate as a private, permission-based blockchain that would be accessible through an API available through the internet. Through use of the API, BSTX Participants would be able to see detailed information about their own trading activity on BSTX and anonymized, general information with respect to the trading activity of other 363 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). U.S.C. 78f(b)(7). 365 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8). 364 15 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 BSTX Participants.366 Non-BSTX Participants permissioned by the Exchange would be able to view only the anonymized, general market data through login credentials provided by the Exchange, although it is not clear what conditions, if any, the Exchange may place on non-BSTX Participants before granting this access.367 The Exchange proposes to post information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain on a delayed basis of at least five minutes. This five minute delay distinguishes the BSTX Market Data Blockchain from sources of real-time market data, but is much shorter than the delay used by other historical market data products, such as the New York Stock Exchange’s TAQ data, to which the Exchange draws a comparison.368 The Exchange states that posting five minute blocks of data would allow the Exchange to accrue sufficient information to record to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain.369 The Commission believes there are questions as to whether the Exchange’s proposed use of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5), 6(b)(7), and 6(b)(8) of the Act, and, in particular, the requirements that the rules of the Exchange be designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and to protect investors and the public interest, and not be designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers; provide a fair procedure for the prohibition or limitation by the Exchange of any person with respect to access to services offered by the Exchange; and not impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. In addition, the Exchange proposes to allow BSTX Participants to utilize an order parameter to indicate a preference 366 The Exchange states that BSTX Participants may find the BSTX Market Data Blockchain useful to review their trading activity on BSTX, determine what the market for a given Security was at a particular time, evaluate execution quality on BSTX, help confirm the accrual of internal trading data, or back test trading strategies. See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6, at 27. 367 See id. at 18–20. The Exchange states that nonBSTX Participants may find the data useful for academic study. See id. at 27. 368 See id. at 17, 22 n.35, 128. The New York Stock Exchange’s TAQ data is produced as a daily file that becomes available after the close of U.S. equities markets on the same day. See New York Stock Exchange, Daily TAQ Client Specifications (August 31, 2020), available at https:// www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_ Client_Spec_v3.3a.pdf. 369 See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6, at 23 n.37. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis. An executed trade would settle more quickly than on a T+2 basis if certain conditions are met and the execution is eligible for T+0 or T+1 settlement under the rules, policies, and procedures of a registered clearing agency. According to the Exchange, NSCC has authority under its rules, policies, and procedures to clear certain trades on a T+0 or T+1 basis, and NSCC does clear trades in accordance with this authority.370 The Exchange also states that certain industry participants have announced plans to collaborate to help the industry to reduce the standard settlement cycle from T+2 to T+1.371 The Exchange states that it believes that no other national securities exchange currently includes in its rules optional parameters that allow market participants to indicate a preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement.372 The Exchange has provided information regarding trades that NSCC clears on a T+0 or T+1 basis, but has not indicated whether these trades involved exchange-traded NMS stocks.373 It is also unclear whether not having certainty that an order would receive faster settlement at the time of order entry would reduce the ability of a market participant to reap the potential benefits of faster settlement. Further, the Exchange has not addressed whether introducing the possibility for T+0 or T+1 settlement for on-exchange trades in NMS stocks pursuant to the rules of a single national securities exchange, at a time when the industry standard is still T+2 settlement, might have any adverse market effects. Accordingly, the Commission believes that there are questions as to whether the Exchange’s proposal to provide BSTX Participants with the ability to preference T+0 or T+1 settlement is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Act, including the requirements that the rules of the Exchange be designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and to protect investors and the public interest; and not impose any burden on competition not necessary or 370 See id. at 31. id. at 34–35. 372 See id. at 140. 373 See id. at 34. 371 See VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. Under the Commission’s Rules of Practice, the ‘‘burden to demonstrate that a proposed rule change is consistent with the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations issued thereunder . . . is on the [SRO] that proposed the rule change.’’ 374 The description of a proposed rule change, its purpose and operation, its effect, and a legal analysis of its consistency with applicable requirements must all be sufficiently detailed and specific to support an affirmative Commission finding,375 and any failure of an SRO to provide this information may result in the Commission not having a sufficient basis to make an affirmative finding that a proposed rule change is consistent with the Act and the applicable rules and regulations.376 For these reasons, the Commission believes it is appropriate to institute proceedings pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act to determine whether the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, should be approved or disapproved. V. Procedure: Request for Written Comments The Commission requests that interested persons provide written submissions of their views, data, and arguments with respect to the issues identified above, as well as any other concerns they may have with the proposal. In particular, the Commission invites the written views of interested persons concerning whether the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5),377 6(b)(7),378 and 6(b)(8) 379 of the Act or any other provision of the Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder. Although there do not appear to be any issues relevant to approval or disapproval that would be facilitated by an oral presentation of views, data, and arguments, the Commission will consider, pursuant to Rule 19b–4 under the Act,380 any request for an opportunity to make an oral presentation.381 374 17 CFR 201.700(b)(3). id. 376 See id. 377 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). 378 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(7). 379 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8). 380 17 CFR 240.19b–4. 381 Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, as amended by the Securities Act Amendments of 1975, Pub. L. 94–29 (June 4, 1975), grants the Commission flexibility to determine what type of proceeding—either oral or notice and opportunity for written comments—is appropriate for consideration of a particular proposal by a self-regulatory organization. See Securities Act Amendments of 1975, Senate Comm. 375 See PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 49455 Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and arguments regarding whether the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, should be approved or disapproved by September 23, 2021. Any person who wishes to file a rebuttal to any other person’s submission must file that rebuttal by October 7, 2021. The Commission asks that commenters address the sufficiency of the Exchange’s statements in support of the proposal, which are set forth in Amendment No. 1,382 in addition to any other comments they may wish to submit about the proposed rule change. Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods: Electronic Comments • Use the Commission’s internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/ rules/sro.shtml); or • Send an email to rule-comments@ sec.gov. Please include File Number SR– BOX–2021–06 on the subject line. Paper Comments • Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549–1090. All submissions should refer to File Number SR–BOX–2021–06. This file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission’s internet website (https://www.sec.gov/ rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in the Commission’s Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are cautioned that we do not redact or edit on Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs, S. Rep. No. 75, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. 30 (1975). 382 See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6. E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2 49456 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / Notices personal identifying information from comment submissions. You should submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions should refer to File Number SR–BOX–2021–06 and should be submitted by September 23, 2021. Rebuttal comments should be submitted by October 7, 2021. 383 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(57). For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated authority.383 Vanessa A. Countryman, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2021–18947 Filed 9–1–21; 8:45 am] lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with NOTICES2 BILLING CODE 8011–01–P VerDate Sep<11>2014 18:03 Sep 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 9990 E:\FR\FM\02SEN2.SGM 02SEN2

Agencies

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 168 (Thursday, September 2, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Pages 49416-49456]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-18947]



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No. 168

September 2, 2021

Part II





Securities and Exchange Commission





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Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of 
Amendment No. 1 and Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether 
To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by 
Amendment No. 1, To Adopt Rules Governing the Trading of Equity 
Securities on the Exchange Through a Facility of the Exchange Known as 
the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC; Notice

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 168 / Thursday, September 2, 2021 / 
Notices

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-92796; File No. SR-BOX-2021-06]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing 
of Amendment No. 1 and Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine 
Whether To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by 
Amendment No. 1, To Adopt Rules Governing the Trading of Equity 
Securities on the Exchange Through a Facility of the Exchange Known as 
the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC

August 27, 2021.
    On May 12, 2021, BOX Exchange LLC (``Exchange'' or ``BOX'') filed 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''), pursuant 
to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') 
\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to adopt rules 
governing the listing and trading of equity securities that would be 
NMS stocks on the Exchange through a facility of the Exchange known as 
the Boston Security Token Exchange LLC (``BSTX''). The proposed rule 
change was published for comment in the Federal Register on June 2, 
2021.\3\ On July 13, 2021, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,\4\ 
the Commission designated a longer period within which to approve the 
proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule change, or institute 
proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule 
change.\5\ On August 18, 2021, the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to 
the proposed rule change, which replaced and superseded the proposed 
rule change as originally filed.\6\ The Commission is publishing this 
notice and order to solicit comments on the proposed rule change, as 
modified by Amendment No. 1, from interested persons, and to institute 
proceedings pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act \7\ to determine 
whether to approve or disapprove the proposed rule change, as modified 
by Amendment No. 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92017 (May 25, 
2021), 86 FR 29634 (``Notice''). Comments on the proposed rule 
change can be found at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-box-2021-06/srbox202106.htm.
    \4\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \5\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92387 (July 13, 
2021), 86 FR 38140 (July 19, 2021). The Commission designated August 
31, 2021 as the date by which the Commission shall approve or 
disapprove, or institute proceedings to determine whether to approve 
or disapprove, the proposed rule change.
    \6\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange revised the proposal to: 
(i) Eliminate the proposed suspension of unlisted trading privileges 
for thinly traded securities; (ii) modify proposed rule text 
regarding the order parameter that would allow participants to 
indicate a preference for same day (``T+0'') or next day (``T+1'') 
settlement to clarify that, based on how the preferences of the two 
sides of an executed trade compare, the Exchange will transmit 
matched order information to a registered clearing agency for 
settlement as indicated to the extent that such settlement timing 
may be permitted under the rules, policies, and procedures of the 
registered clearing agency; (iii) modify aspects of the proposed 
market data blockchain to remove the Exchange's ability to change 
the content of the market data blockchain through a regulatory 
circular, remove the unique identification number from the types of 
member-specific market data, specify that anonymized, general market 
data will pertain to displayed orders, and add that the Exchange may 
provide permission for non-members to view the anonymized, general 
market data; (iv) add rule text regarding the Exchange's proposed 
market data products; (v) eliminate a proposed rule regarding issuer 
conversion of a security to listing on BSTX; (vi) provide additional 
description of several aspects of the proposal, including the market 
data blockchain and the possibility to settle on a T+0 or T+1 basis; 
and (vii) make technical and conforming changes. Amendment No. 1 is 
available on the Commission's website at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-box-2021-06/srbox202106-9159349-247726.pdf.
    \7\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. The Exchange's Description of the Proposed Rule Change, as Modified 
by Amendment No. 1

    Pursuant to the provisions of Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (``Exchange Act''),\8\ BOX Exchange LLC 
(``BOX'' or the ``Exchange'') is filing with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission (``SEC'' or ``Commission'') a proposed rule change 
to adopt rules to govern the trading of equity securities on the 
Exchange through a facility of the Exchange known as Boston Security 
Token Exchange LLC (``BSTX''). As described more fully below, BSTX 
would operate a fully automated, price/time priority execution system 
for the trading of ``Securities,'' which would be equity securities 
that meet BSTX listing standards and for which certain information 
regarding orders and executions on BSTX would be recorded and 
disseminated on a proprietary market data feed that BSTX operates using 
a proprietary blockchain system (``BSTX Market Data Blockchain''). The 
proposed additions to the Exchange's Rules setting forth new Rule 
Series 17000-29000 have been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 5A. 
All text set forth in Exhibit 5A would be added to the Exchange's rules 
and therefore underlining of the text is omitted to improve 
readability. Forms proposed to be used in connection with the proposed 
rule change, such as the application to become a BSTX Participant, have 
been submitted with the proposal as Exhibits 3A through 3L.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the Exchange proposes to make certain amendments to 
several existing BOX Rules to facilitate trading on BSTX. The proposed 
changes to the existing BOX Rules would not change the core purpose of 
the subject Rules or the functionality of other BOX trading systems and 
facilities. Specifically, the Exchange is seeking to amend BOX Rules 
100, 2020, 2060, 3180, 7130, 7150, 7230, 7245, IM-8050-3, 11010, 11030 
and 12140. These proposed changes are set forth in Exhibit 5B. Material 
proposed to be added to the Rule as currently in effect is underlined 
and material proposed to be deleted is bracketed.
    All capitalized terms not defined herein have the same meaning as 
set forth in the Exchange's Rules.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ The Exchange's Rules can be found on the Exchange's public 
website: https://boxoptions.com/regulatory/rulebook-filings/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The text of the proposed rule change is available from the 
principal office of the Exchange, at the Commission's Public Reference 
Room and also on the Exchange's internet website at https://
https://boxoptions.com">boxoptions.com.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the self-regulatory organization 
included statements concerning the purpose of, and basis for, the 
proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the 
proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at 
the places specified in Item IV below. The self-regulatory organization 
has prepared summaries, set forth in Sections A, B, and C below, of the 
most significant aspects of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    The Exchange is proposing to adopt a series of rules to govern the 
trading of certain equity securities through a facility of the Exchange 
known as BSTX and make certain amendments to the existing BOX rules to 
facilitate trading on BSTX. As described more fully below, BSTX would 
operate a fully automated, price/time priority execution system (``BSTX 
System'') for the trading of certain equity securities that would be 
considered ``Securities'' under the proposed rules. The

[[Page 49417]]

``Securities'' \10\ under the proposed rules would be equity securities 
that meet BSTX listing standards and that trade on the BSTX System. The 
Exchange would operate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would 
record certain information regarding orders and transactions occurring 
on BSTX with respect to Securities. All BOX Participants would be 
eligible to participate in BSTX provided that they become a BSTX 
Participant pursuant to the proposed rules. Under the proposed rules, 
BSTX would serve as the listing market for eligible companies and 
issuers of exchange traded products (``ETPs'') that wish to issue their 
registered securities as Securities. Securities would trade as NMS 
stock.\11\ The Exchange is not proposing rules that would support its 
extension of unlisted trading privileges (``UTP'') to other NMS stock, 
and accordingly the Exchange does not intend to extend any such UTP in 
connection with this proposal. The Exchange would therefore only trade 
Securities listed on BSTX unless and until it proposes and receives 
Commission approval for rules that would support trading in other types 
of securities, including through any extension of UTP to other NMS 
stock. A guide to the structure of the proposed rule change is 
described immediately below.
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    \10\ As discussed further below, BSTX proposes to use the term 
``Security'' to refer to BSTX-listed securities to distinguish them 
from other securities issued by an issuer that the issuer does not 
list on BSTX.
    \11\ 17 CFR 242.600(b)(48).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Guide to the Scope of the Proposed Rule Change
    The proposal for trading of Securities through BSTX generally 
involves changes to existing BOX Rules and new BOX Rules pertaining 
specifically to BSTX (``BSTX Rules''). In addition, the Exchange plans 
to submit a separate proposed rule change pertaining to BSTX's 
corporate governance documents. To support the trading of Securities 
through BSTX, certain conforming changes are proposed to existing BOX 
Rules and entirely new BSTX Rules are also proposed as Rule Series 
17000 through 29000.\12\ Each of those new Rule Series and the 
provisions thereunder are described in greater detail below. Where the 
BSTX Rules are based on existing rules of another national securities 
exchange, the source rule from the relevant exchange is noted along 
with a discussion of notable differences between the source rule and 
the proposed BSTX Rule. The proposed BSTX Rules are addressed in Part 
III below and they generally cover the following areas:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ The proposed changes to BOX Rules and the proposed BSTX 
Rules have been submitted with this proposal as Exhibits 5B and 5A, 
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Section 17000--General Provisions of BSTX;
     Section 18000--Participation on BSTX;
     Section 19000--Business Conduct for BSTX Participants;
     Section 20000--Financial and Operational Rules for BSTX 
Participants;
     Section 21000--Supervision;
     Section 22000--Miscellaneous Provisions;
     Section 23000--Trading Practice Rules;
     Section 24000--Discipline and Summary Suspension;
     Section 25000--Trading Rules;
     Section 25200--Market Making on BSTX;
     Section 26000--BSTX Listing Rules Other Than for Exchange 
Traded Products;
     Section 27000--Suspension and Delisting;
     Section 27100--Guide to Filing Requirements;
     Section 27200--Procedures for Review of Exchange Listing 
Determinations; and
     Section 28000--Trading and Listing of Exchange Traded 
Products;
     Section 29000--Dues, Fees, Assessments and Other Charges.
Overview of BSTX and Considerations Related to the Listing, Trading and 
Clearance and Settlement of Securities
The Joint Venture and Ownership of BSTX
    On June 19, 2018, t0.com Inc. (``tZERO'') and BOX Digital Markets 
LLC (``BOX Digital'') announced a joint venture to facilitate the 
trading of Securities on the Exchange.\13\ As part of the joint 
venture, BOX Digital, which is a subsidiary of BOX Holdings Group LLC, 
and tZERO each own 50% of the voting class of equity and over 45% 
economic interest of BSTX LLC. Pursuant to the BSTX LLC Agreement, BOX 
Digital and tZERO will perform certain specified functions with respect 
to the operation of BSTX. As noted, these details, as well as the 
proposed governance structure of the joint venture will be the subject 
of a separate proposed rule change that the Exchange will submit to the 
Commission.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ See tZERO and BOX Digital Markets Sign Deal to Create Joint 
Venture, Business Wire (June 19, 2018), https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180619005897/en/tZERO-and-BOX-Digital-Markets-Sign-Deal-to-Create-Joint-Venture.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

BSTX Would Be a Facility of BOX That Would Support Trading in the New 
Asset Class of Securities for BOX
    BSTX would operate as a facility \14\ of BOX, which is a national 
securities exchange registered with the SEC. As a facility of BOX, 
BSTX's operations would be subject to applicable requirements in 
Sections 6 and 19 of the Exchange Act, among other applicable rules and 
regulations.\15\ Currently, BOX functions as an exchange only for 
standardized options. At the time that BSTX commences operations it 
would support trading in Securities that are equity securities 
(including certain ETPs), as descried in more detail below. 
Accordingly, the proposal represents a new asset class for BOX, and the 
discussion below sets forth the changes and additions to the Exchange's 
Rules to support the trading of equity securities as Securities on 
BSTX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(2). Section 3(a)(2) of the Exchange Act, 
provides that ``the term `facility' when used with respect to an 
exchange includes its premises, tangible or intangible property 
whether on the premises or not, any right to the use of such 
premises or property or any service thereof for the purpose of 
effecting or reporting a transaction on an exchange (including, 
among other things, any system of communication to or from the 
exchange, by ticker or otherwise, maintained by or with the consent 
of the exchange), and any right of the exchange to the use of any 
property or service.'' Because BSTX will share certain systems of 
the Exchange, BSTX would be a facility of the Exchange.
    \15\ 15 U.S.C. 78f; 15 U.S.C. 78s.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to use the term ``Security'' \16\ to describe 
a NMS stock trading on the BSTX system. The legal significance, 
therefore, of a ``Security'' is that it would be an equity security 
that is approved for listing on BSTX and that trades on the BSTX 
System. A security that is offered by an issuer with the intent of it 
becoming listed on BSTX would therefore not become a ``Security'' under 
the proposed BSTX Rules unless and until it actually does become listed 
on BSTX and trades on the BSTX System.\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ The Exchange proposes to define the term ``Security'' to 
mean a NMS stock, as defined in Rule 600(b)(47) of the Exchange Act, 
trading on the BSTX System. See proposed Rule 17000(a)(31).
    \17\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Securities Would Be NMS Stocks
    The Securities would qualify as NMS stocks pursuant to Regulation 
NMS,\18\ which defines the term ``NMS security'' in relevant part to 
mean ``any security or class of securities for which transaction 
reports are collected, processed and made available pursuant to an 
effective transaction reporting plan

[[Page 49418]]

. . . .'' \19\ The Exchange plans to join existing transaction 
reporting plans, as discussed in Part VIII below, for the purposes of 
Security quotation and transaction reporting.\20\ The term ``NMS 
stock'' means ``any NMS security other than an option'' \21\ and 
therefore Securities traded on BSTX would be classified as NMS stock.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ 17 CFR 242.600 through 613.
    \19\ 17 CFR 242.600(b)(47).
    \20\ 17 CFR 242.601(a)(1). The Rule states in relevant part that 
``every national securities exchange shall file [with the SEC] a 
transaction reporting plan regarding transactions in listed equity 
and Nasdaq securities executed through its facilities . . . .''
    \21\ 17 CFR 242.600(b)(47).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Securities would meet the definition of NMS stock and would trade, 
clear, and settle in the same manner as all other NMS stocks traded 
today. As described in further detail below, the operation of the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain would in no way modify or alter market 
participants' obligations under Regulation NMS.
BSTX Would Support Trading of Registered Securities
    All Securities traded on BSTX would generally be required to be 
registered with the Commission under both Section 12 of the Exchange 
Act \22\ and Section 6 of the Securities Act of 1933 (``Securities 
Act'').\23\ BSTX would not support trading of Securities offered under 
an exemption from registration for public offerings, with the exception 
of certain offerings under Regulation A that meet the proposed BSTX 
listing standards.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ 15 U.S.C. 78l.
    \23\ 15 U.S.C. 77f.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Issuance and Clearance and Settlement of Securities
    BSTX would maintain certain rules, as described below, to address 
custody, clearance and settlement in connection with Securities. All 
transactions in Securities would clear and settle in accordance with 
the rules, policies and procedures of registered clearing agencies. 
Specifically, BSTX anticipates that at the time it commences 
operations, Securities that are listed and traded on BSTX would be 
securities that have been made eligible for services by The Depository 
Trust Company (``DTC'') and that DTC would serve as the securities 
depository \24\ for such Securities. It is also expected that confirmed 
trades in Securities on BSTX would be transmitted to National 
Securities Clearing Corporation (``NSCC'') for clearing such that NSCC 
would clear the trades through its systems to produce settlement 
obligations that would be due for settlement between participants at 
DTC. BSTX believes that this custody, clearance and settlement 
structure is the same general structure that exists today for other 
exchange-traded equity securities. Importantly, for purposes of NSCC's 
clearing activities and DTC's settlement activities in respect of the 
Securities, the relevant Securities would be cleared and settled by 
NSCC and DTC in exactly the same manner as those activities are 
performed by NSCC and DTC currently regarding a class of NMS Stock.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(23)(A). Section 3(a)(23)(A) of the 
Exchange Act defines the term ``clearing agency'' to include ``any 
person, such as a securities depository, who (i) acts as a custodian 
of securities in connection with a system for the handling of 
securities whereby all securities of a particular class or series of 
any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and 
may be transferred, loaned, or pledged by bookkeeping entry without 
physical delivery of securities certificates, or (ii) otherwise 
permits or facilitates the settlement of securities transactions or 
the hypothecation or lending of securities without physical delivery 
of securities certificates.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The operation of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain will have no 
impact or effect on the manner in which a Security clears and settles. 
The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be implemented through the 
operation of the proposed BSTX Rules and would occur separate and apart 
from the clearance and settlement process. The Security would be an 
ordinary equity security for NSCC's and DTC's purposes. The BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain would be a separate set of market data that uses 
distributed ledger technology to record certain order and transaction 
information regarding orders and transactions in Securities on BSTX.
Issuance of Equity Securities Eligible To Become a Security
    With the exception of certain offerings under Regulation A that 
meet the proposed BSTX listing standards, all Securities traded on BSTX 
will have been offered and sold in registered offerings under the 
Securities Act, which means that purchasers of the Securities will 
benefit from all of the protections of registration. The Division of 
Corporation Finance will need to make a public interest finding in 
order to accelerate the effectiveness of the registration statements 
for these offerings. Because BSTX would be a facility of a national 
securities exchange, all Securities would be registered under Section 
12(b) of the Exchange Act, thereby subjecting all of these issuers to 
the reporting regime in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
    All offerings of securities that are intended to be listed as 
Securities on BSTX would be conducted in the same general manner in 
which offerings of exchange-listed equity securities are conducted 
today under the federal securities laws. An issuer will enter into a 
firm commitment or best efforts underwriting agreement with a sole 
underwriter or underwriting syndicate; the underwriter(s) will market 
the securities and distribute them to purchasers; and secondary trading 
in the securities (that are intended to trade on BSTX as Securities) 
will thereafter commence on BSTX.
    Issuers on BSTX could include both (1) new issuers who do not 
currently have any class of securities registered on a national 
securities exchange, and (2) issuers who currently have securities 
registered on a national securities exchange and who are seeking 
registration of a separate class of equity securities for listing on 
BSTX as Securities.
    BSTX does not intend for Securities listed, or intended to be 
listed, on BSTX to be fungible with any other class of securities from 
the same issuer.\25\ If an issuer sought to list securities on BSTX 
that are not a separate class of an issuer's securities, BSTX does not 
intend to approve such a class of security for listing on BSTX as a 
Security, pursuant to BSTX's authority under BSTX Rule 26101. However, 
an issuer would be free to pursue listing of the same class of the 
Security on another national securities exchange if it so chose, just 
as the Exchange understands issuers are able to do in respect of their 
securities today. At the commencement of BSTX's operations, certain 
equities (including ETPs) would be eligible for listing as Securities. 
This would be addressed by BSTX Rules 26102 (Equity Issues), 26103 
(Preferred Securities), 26105 (Warrant Securities) and the Rule 28000 
Series (Trading and Listing of Exchange Traded Products), which would 
be part of BSTX's listing rules and would contemplate that only

[[Page 49419]]

those specified types of equity securities would be eligible for 
listing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ The Exchange notes that distinct classes of securities 
issued by an issuer that are Securities would not be fungible with 
another class of securities of the same issuer because no class of 
an issuer's securities is fungible with a separate class of its 
securities--otherwise they would be the same class of security. To 
the extent that two classes of an issuer's shares had identical 
voting and economic rights but were registered with the Commission 
as separate classes (e.g., Class A shares and Class B shares), the 
two classes of shares could be economically fungible with one 
another insofar as they convey the same economic and beneficial 
rights and interests to investors, but this would not mean that 
ownership of a Class A share is the same as ownership of a Class B 
share notwithstanding that each class provides the same economic 
benefits. In any case, nothing herein proposes any change to the 
existing framework for different classes of securities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Securities Depository Eligibility
    BSTX would maintain rules that would promote a structure in which 
Securities would be held in ``street name'' with DTC.\26\ BSTX Rule 
26137 would require that for an issuer's security to be eligible to be 
a Security, BSTX must have received a representation from the issuer 
that a CUSIP number that identifies the security is included in a file 
of eligible issues maintained by a securities depository that is 
registered with the SEC as a clearing agency. This is based on rules 
that are currently maintained by other equities exchanges.\27\ In 
practice, BSTX Rule 26137 requires the Security to have a CUSIP number 
that is included in a file of eligible securities that is maintained by 
DTC because the Exchange believes that DTC currently is the only 
clearing agency registered with the SEC that provides securities 
depository services.\28\
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    \26\ The term ``street name'' refers to a securities holding 
structure in which DTC, through its nominee Cede & Co., would be the 
registered holder of the securities and, in turn, DTC would grant 
security entitlements in such securities to relevant accounts of its 
participants. Proposed BSTX Rule 26136 would also provide, with 
certain exceptions, that securities listed on BSTX must be eligible 
for a direct registration program operated by a clearing agency 
registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC operates the 
only such program today, known as the Direct Registration System, 
which permits an investor to hold a security as the registered owner 
in electronic form on the books of the issuer.
    \27\ Proposed BSTX Rule 26137 is based on current NYSE Rule 777.
    \28\ See Exchange Act Release No. 78963 (September 28, 2016), 81 
FR 70744, 70748 (October 13, 2016) (footnote 46 and the accompanying 
text acknowledge that DTC is the only registered clearing agency 
that provides securities depository services for the U.S. securities 
markets).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Book-Entry Settlement at a Securities Depository
    BSTX would also maintain Proposed BSTX Rule 26135 regarding uniform 
book-entry settlement. The rule would require each BSTX Participant to 
use the facilities of a securities depository for the book-entry 
settlement of all transactions in depository eligible securities with 
another BSTX Participant or a member of a national securities exchange 
that is not BSTX or a member of a national securities association.\29\ 
Proposed BSTX Rule 26135 is based on the depository eligibility rules 
of other equities exchanges and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority 
(``FINRA'').\30\ Those rules were first adopted as part of a 
coordinated industry effort in 1995 to promote book-entry settlement 
for the vast majority of initial public offerings and ``thereby reduce 
settlement risk'' in the U.S. national market system.\31\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ FINRA is currently the only national securities association 
registered with the SEC.
    \30\ See e.g., FINRA Rule 11310. Book-Entry Settlement and NYSE 
Rule 776. Book-Entry Settlement of Transactions.
    \31\ These coordinated depository eligibility rules resulted 
from proposed listing rules amendments developed by the Legal and 
Regulatory Subgroup of the U.S. Working Committee, Group of Thirty 
Clearance and Settlement Project. See Securities Exchange Act 
Release Nos 35774 (May 26, 1995) (SR-NASD-95-24), 60 FR 28813 (June 
2, 1995); 35773 (May 26, 1995), 60 FR 28817 (June 2, 1995) (SR-NYSE-
95-19).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Participation in a Registered Clearing Agency That Uses a Continuous 
Net Settlement System
    Under proposed BSTX Rule 25140, each BSTX Participant would be 
required to either (i) be a member of a registered clearing agency that 
uses a continuous net settlement (``CNS'') system, or (ii) clear 
transactions executed on BSTX through a member of such a registered 
clearing agency. The Exchange believes that today NSCC is the only 
registered clearing agency that uses a CNS system to clear equity 
securities, and proposed BSTX Rule 25140 further specifies that BSTX 
will maintain connectivity and access to the Universal Trade Capture 
system of NSCC to transmit confirmed trade details to NSCC regarding 
trades executed on BSTX. The proposed rule would also address the 
following: (i) A requirement that each Security transaction executed 
through BSTX must be executed on a locked-in basis for automatic 
clearance and settlement processing; (ii) the circumstances under which 
the identity of contra parties to a Security transaction that is 
executed through BSTX would be required to remain anonymous or may be 
revealed; and (iii) certain circumstances under which a Security 
transaction may be cleared through arrangements with a member of a 
foreign clearing agency. Proposed BSTX Rule 25140 is based on a 
substantially identical rule of the Investor's Exchange, LLC (``IEX''), 
which, in turn, is consistent with the rules of other equities 
exchanges.\32\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \32\ See IEX Rule 11.250 (Clearance and Settlement; Anonymity), 
which was approved by the Commission in 2016 as part of its approval 
of IEX's application for registration as a national securities 
exchange. Exchange Act Release No. 78101 (June 17, 2016); 81 FR 
41142 (June 23, 2016); see also Cboe BZX Rule 11.14 (Clearance and 
Settlement; Anonymity).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BSTX believes that the operation of its depository eligibility rule 
and its book-entry services rule would promote a framework in which 
Securities that would be eligible to be listed and traded on BSTX would 
be equity securities that have been made eligible for services by a 
registered clearing agency that operates as a securities depository and 
that are settled through the facilities of the securities depository by 
book-entry. The Exchange believes that because DTC currently is the 
only clearing agency registered with the SEC that provides securities 
depository services, at the commencement of BSTX's operations, 
Securities would be securities that have been made eligible for 
services by DTC, including book-entry settlement services.
Settlement Cycle
    Proposed BSTX Rule 25100(d) would address settlement cycle 
considerations regarding trades in Securities. Security trades that 
result from orders matched against the electronic order book of BSTX 
would be required to clear and settle pursuant to the rules, policies 
and procedures of a registered clearing agency. As noted above in 
connection with the description of proposed BSTX Rule 25140, the 
Exchange expects that at the commencement of operations by BSTX it 
would transmit confirmed trade details to NSCC regarding Security 
trades that occur on BSTX and that NSCC would be the registered 
clearing agency that clears Security trades for settlement at DTC.
    As described in greater detail below in Part II.H, the Exchange is 
also proposing that BSTX Participants would be able to include 
parameters in orders submitted to BSTX to indicate a preference to use 
faster settlement cycles that are currently available through NSCC and 
DTC under certain circumstances. BSTX believes that allowing BSTX 
Participants to use these faster settlement cycles where consistent 
with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency 
would mitigate settlement risk for transactions in such Securities due 
to faster settlement. BSTX believes that NSCC already has authority 
under its rules, policies and procedures to clear certain trades on a 
T+1 or T+0 basis, which are shorter settlement cycles than the longest 
settlement cycle of T+2 that is generally permitted under SEC Rule 
15c6-1 for a security trade that involves a broker-dealer.\33\ 
Furthermore, BSTX

[[Page 49420]]

understands that NSCC does already clear trades in accordance with this 
authority, and supporting data from The Depository Trust & Clearing 
Corporation (``DTCC'') regarding clearance and settlement activity on 
such shorter settlement cycles is provided in Section II.H. below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ 17 CFR 240.15c6-1. Under SEC Rule 15c6-1, with certain 
exceptions, a broker-dealer is not permitted to enter a contract for 
the purchase or sale of security that provides for payment of funds 
and delivery of securities later than the second business day after 
the date of the contract unless otherwise expressly agreed to by the 
parties at the time of the transaction.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The BSTX Market Data Blockchain
    BSTX will make available to BSTX Participants certain market data 
related to trading activity occurring on BSTX through the use of a 
private, permissioned blockchain maintained by the Exchange. As 
described further below, a BSTX Participant would have the ability to 
see through an online portal provided by the Exchange the market data 
information on the private blockchain consisting of detailed 
information about its trading activity on BSTX and anonymized 
information with respect to the trading activity of other BSTX 
Participants.\34\ BSTX Participants would have no obligations with 
respect to providing information to, accessing, maintaining, or using 
the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. The Exchange believes that the 
information made available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be 
generally similar to Daily Trade and Quote (``TAQ'') data made 
available by New York Stock Exchange LLC except that the Exchange would 
use distributed ledger or ``blockchain'' technology to record such 
information, a BSTX Participant would be able to see non-anonymized 
information about its own trading activity on BSTX, and the market data 
would pertain only to trading activity on BSTX and not the broader 
market (e.g., an over-the-counter (``OTC'') \35\ transaction in a 
Security reported to the consolidated tape).\36\
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    \34\ Additionally, as also explained below, non-BSTX 
Participants would have the ability to see the anonymized market 
data relating to trading on BSTX.
    \35\ OTC in this context refers to trading occurring otherwise 
than on a national securities exchange.
    \36\ See e.g., NYSE, Daily TAQ Fact Sheet, https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_Fact_Sheet.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background on Blockchain Technology
    In general, a blockchain is essentially a ledger that can maintain 
digital records of assets, transactions, or other information. A 
blockchain's central function is to encode transitions or changes to 
the ledger. Whenever one change to the blockchain ledger occurs to 
record a state transition, the entire blockchain is immutably changed 
to reflect the state transition.
    There are broadly two types of blockchains: (i) Public blockchains 
that are decentralized, open to anyone running the same protocol; \37\ 
and (ii) a private, permission-based blockchains where only those 
granted access may view or take other actions with respect to the 
blockchain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ A ``protocol'' in this context generally means a set of 
rules governing the format of messages that are exchanged between 
the participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

BSTX Market Data Blockchain As a Private Permissioned Network
    The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would operate as a private, 
permission-based blockchain that would be accessible through an 
application program interface (``API'') available through the internet. 
The Exchange would control all aspects of the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain and the associated API. Pursuant to proposed Rule 17020(b), 
each BSTX Participant would be assigned a BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
address that corresponds to the BSTX Participant's trading activity on 
BSTX. The Exchange will also issue login credentials to each BSTX 
Participant through which the BSTX Participant may access the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain through the API to see its order and transaction 
information on BSTX as well as certain anonymized market data from 
other BSTX Participants, as discussed further below. Similarly, the 
Exchange has the ability to issue login credentials to any non-BSTX 
Participant to allow access to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through 
the API, but a non-BSTX Participant accessing the Market Data 
Blockchain would be limited to viewing only anonymized market data, as 
also explained below. BSTX Participants (and any non-BSTX Participants 
to which the Market Data Blockchain is made available by the Exchange) 
would only be able to access the information contained on the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain through the API, and only the Exchange would 
have direct access to the underlying data on the private blockchain.
    The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would generally operate by 
collecting information from two sources, which the Exchange would then 
translate into information capable of being recorded to the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain. Specifically, the data inputs for the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain would come from (i) the BSTX System \38\ to capture 
information such as executed transactions and (ii) each BSTX 
Participant's order/message information passing through the financial 
information exchange (``FIX'') gateway through which all orders and 
messages pass in order to connect to the BSTX System.\39\ For example, 
if a BSTX Participant sends an order to buy 100 shares of Security XYZ, 
when that order is sent to the Exchange, the Exchange would capture 
this information as it passes through the FIX gateway in an automated 
process that results in the BSTX Participant being able to see that 
order on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain through its login credentials 
once the information is recorded on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ The ``BSTX System'' refers to the automated trading system 
used by BSTX for the trading of Securities. See proposed Rule 
17000(a)(15).
    \39\ The Exchange notes that the FIX Gateway and the BSTX System 
are the same sources of information from which information is taken 
to be provided as part of consolidated market data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The BSTX Market Data Blockchain does not require any affirmative 
action on the part of a BSTX Participant in order for its information 
to be recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. Rather, the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain captures trading activity that occurs on BSTX in 
the normal course and is made available to BSTX Participants as an 
additional resource that they may choose to use in their discretion in 
the same general manner that a market participant might use TAQ data.
Information Available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain
    As set forth in proposed Rule 17020(c), there are two types of 
information that would be available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain: 
(i) A BSTX Participant's own order and transaction information related 
to its trading activity on BSTX (``Participant Proprietary Data''); and 
(ii) anonymized, general market data available to all BSTX Participants 
and non-BSTX Participants permissioned by the Exchange (``General 
Market Data'').\40\ With respect to Participant Proprietary Data, a 
BSTX Participant would be able to see the following information with 
respect to all orders and messages and executions submitted to and 
occurring on BSTX:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \40\ The Exchange notes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is 
effectively just the repository for these two categories of 
information (i.e., Participant Proprietary Data and General Market 
Data), and it is through the Exchange-provided API that this 
information is able to be viewed and searched.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (1) Symbol, side (buy/sell), limit price, quantity, time-in-force
    (2) Order type (e.g., limit order, ISO)
    (3) Order capacity (principal/agent)
    (4) Short/long sale order marking
    (5) Message type (e.g., order, modification, cancellation)
    Participant Proprietary Data would effectively contain a record of 
all of a

[[Page 49421]]

BSTX's Participant's trading activity on BSTX. Participant Proprietary 
Data would only be available to the BSTX Participant from which such 
data derived. That is, a BSTX Participant would not have access to the 
Participant Proprietary Data of another BSTX Participant, nor would any 
non-BSTX Participant provided access to the Market Data Blockchain have 
access to Participant Proprietary Data. As a result, no BSTX 
Participant (or non-BSTX Participant) would be provided with access to 
trading information of another BSTX Participant in a manner that would 
allow for reverse engineering of trading strategies or otherwise 
compromise the confidential nature of each BSTX Participant's trading 
information. Through the API, a BSTX Participant can run searches of 
its previous order and trading activity. The Participant Proprietary 
Data would be visible to the BSTX Participant to which it corresponds 
in sequential order of when each action occurred, though the BSTX 
Participant would have the ability to filter the different information 
fields or run searches for particular items (e.g., only showing cancel 
orders or only showing activity in a particular symbol).
    General Market Data is the second type of information that would be 
available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would consist of:
    (1) All displayed orders,\41\ modifications, cancellations, and 
executions occurring on BSTX in an anonymized format.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ The Exchange notes that it is not proposing any non-
displayed or hidden order functionality for BSTX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Administrative data and other information from the Exchange 
(e.g., trading halts, or technical messages).
    General Market Data would allow viewers to be able to observe the 
historical orders, executions, and other events (e.g., cancellations) 
received by and occurring on BSTX. Similar to the format and 
presentation of Participant Proprietary Data, the General Market Data 
would generally be visible in sequential order of when each action 
occurred, though viewers would have the ability to filter the different 
information fields or run searches for particular items (e.g., only 
showing cancel orders or only showing activity in a particular symbol). 
The Exchange notes that the General Market Data that would be available 
on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would contain substantively similar 
information as would be available through the Exchange's proprietary 
market data feeds, so access to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would 
not provide substantive information that is not otherwise available 
through the Exchange's proprietary market data feeds.\42\ In other 
words, accessing General Market Data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
would not provide any informational advantage over proprietary market 
data that could be used to make trading decisions in real time. The 
Exchange believes that this is particularly true given that market data 
(both Participant Proprietary Data and General Market Data) will be 
posted to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain on a delay of at least five 
minutes, as discussed further below. Similar to Participant Proprietary 
Data, persons accessing the General Market Data through the Exchange-
provided API could run configurable searches of the available 
information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ General Market Data would differ from the Exchange's 
proprietary market data feed in that the proprietary market data 
feed provides real time snapshots of the order book, including depth 
of book quotations and the quantity of shares available at each 
price point. In contrast, General Market Data would generally show 
sequential events occurring on the Exchange for each symbol (e.g., 
order posted to order book, then the order is executed in part, then 
the remaining amount of the order executed, then a new order posts 
to the order book etc.). In addition, proprietary market data 
generally does not show each individual newly posted order or 
cancellation of a resting order, but rather shows subscribers an 
updated snapshot that increases or decreases the available quantity 
at a given price point as new orders come in and modifications or 
executions of existing orders occur. In contrast, General Market 
Data available on the Market Data Blockchain would show viewers, in 
an anonymized format, the sequential entry of each order, 
modification, or cancellation in the order book in each symbol as 
historical order and transaction information rather than real time 
snap shots. In this respect, General Market Data is more akin to a 
historical market data product like TAQ data, except that it 
pertains only to activity occurring on BSTX rather than the entire 
market.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    General Market Data would be anonymized, meaning that a BSTX 
Participant would not be able to determine the identity of another BSTX 
Participant's orders, quotes, cancellations, or other messages. For the 
avoidance of doubt, the alphanumeric address assigned to each BSTX 
Participant to facilitate the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not be 
visible as part of General Market Data.\43\ As a result, there should 
not be cause for concern regarding potential trading information 
leakage or the ability to reverse engineer another BSTX Participant's 
trading strategies given the anonymous nature of General Market Data. 
BSTX Participants (and any non-BSTX Participant provided access to 
General Market Data by the Exchange) would generally have available to 
them via the BSTX Market Data Blockchain the same information they 
would have today with respect to other BSTX Participants' trading 
activity in subscribing to proprietary data feeds of other exchanges.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ For example, in looking at General Market Data, BSTX 
Participant X would not be able to determine by name, address, or 
otherwise that a particular order, modification to an existing 
order, or executed transaction involved BSTX Participant Y or any 
other BSTX Participant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to append timestamps to the information made 
available. Timestamps related to all information on the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain would indicate the time to the microsecond at which an 
order posted to the BSTX Book or that the BSTX System took other action 
with respect to an order (e.g., effects a cancellation, execution, 
modification). As noted above, information would be posted to the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain on a delayed basis of at least five minutes.\44\ 
As a result, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not function as a 
substitute for real-time market data, and, accordingly the Exchange 
does not believe that market participants with access to the delayed 
market data available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would have any 
real time trading advantage over participants that continue to use 
real-time market data to make trading decisions.\45\ A BSTX Participant 
would

[[Page 49422]]

have the ability to download market data from the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain, which it could use to, for example, back test trading 
strategies or evaluate executions received on BSTX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ The practical purpose behind this five minute delay is for 
the Exchange to accrue sufficient data and information to record to 
the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. As the name ``blockchain'' 
suggests, data is recorded onto a ledger in discrete blocks that are 
chained together at different intervals. The Exchange could record 
information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain over a shorter time 
interval in much smaller blocks, each of which would contain less 
data than a longer interval and a larger block. However, as 
proposed, the Exchange would only record information to the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain after at least five minutes, and each block 
would contain the market data and information that had accrued over 
the preceding five minutes on a rolling basis. Accordingly, a viewer 
of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be able to see the 
preceding five minutes of market data (as detailed above) after each 
five-minute interval. The Exchange believes that a five minute 
interval is appropriate to allow the Exchange to operate the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain efficiently (i.e., sufficient market data 
will have accrued over five minutes to publish an update to the 
blockchain) and to ensure that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain does 
not provide a real-time trading advantage over consumers of 
consolidated market data or proprietary market data--both of which 
are disseminated on sub-second, or sub-millisecond, timescales. See 
e.g., Exchange Act Release No. 90610, 86 FR 18596, 18603 (Apr. 9, 
2021) (``Today, markets rely on highly sophisticated electronic 
trading systems that can consume many points of data at speeds 
measured in sub-second increments.''); see also id. at n.679 (noting 
that even the consolidated securities information processors 99th 
percentile of quote latency are today below 100 microseconds).
    \45\ According to data available on the Commission's market 
structure website, even small capitalization stocks and exchange 
traded products generally have quote lifetimes of much shorter 
durations than five minutes. For example, 71.32% of executions and 
78.7% of cancellations occurred in small capitalization stocks 
during Q1 2021 within 100 seconds (1.67 minutes) of being received 
by a market center. See Commission, Market Structure Data 
Visualizations, Conditional Frequency: Small Stocks (Q1 2021), 
https://www.sec.gov/marketstructure/datavis/quotelife_stocks_sm.html#.YP8Q245KhPY. Given that over two-thirds of 
orders are executed or canceled within 1.67 minutes (approximately 
one-third of the five minutes the Exchange proposes to delay 
publication of information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain), the 
Exchange does not believe that there would be any real time trading 
advantage provided to those who use the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
over subscribers to the Exchange's proprietary feeds or subscribers 
to consolidated market data. The data metrics also reveal that over 
11% of executions and nearly 12% of cancellations occurred in small 
capitalization stocks during Q1 2021 within 1 second (1/300th of the 
duration of the proposed five minute delay). This data makes clear 
that the speed of markets is such that using the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain to gain a real time trading advantage would not be 
possible as over 10% of trades and cancels occur within one second.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, in order to promote clarity with respect to how a BSTX 
Participant may use the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, the Exchange 
proposes to provide in Rule 17020(c)(3) that the information available 
on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain does not act as a substitute for any 
recordkeeping obligations of a BSTX Participant. The Exchange notes 
that broker-dealers recordkeeping obligations generally require a much 
broader set of records covering the entirety of a broker-dealers 
trading activity across all trading centers.\46\ As a result, the 
Exchange would not expect that a BSTX Participant would ever rely on 
the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which would contain only its trading 
activity on BSTX, as a substitute for its independent recordkeeping 
obligations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ See e.g., 17 CFR 240.17a-3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to information security considerations, the Exchange 
notes that as a system of the Exchange, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
will be subject to the requirements of the Exchange Act, including 
Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (``Reg. SCI'') \47\ and 
that the Exchange has in place robust safeguards to protect against any 
possible systems intrusion to the market data blockchain. To the extent 
a BSTX Participant were to share its credentials for accessing the API 
with third parties deliberately or inadvertently, it is possible that 
those third parties could gain access to its Participant Proprietary 
Data.\48\ The Exchange would be able to issue new credentials upon 
request from a BSTX Participant (or non-BSTX Participant) that believes 
their credentials may have been compromised and implement additional 
security controls. In any case, however, unauthorized access to the API 
through which data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain may be accessed 
would not allow for any intruder to modify, delete, or otherwise change 
any data on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. As a result, the Exchange 
does not believe that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain presents 
information security risks and that the Exchange has appropriate 
safeguards in place to mitigate any such risks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ 17 CFR 240.1000-1007.
    \48\ The Exchange notes that any such unauthorized access would 
not provide any real time order and transaction information of the 
BSTX Participant because of the five minute delay in publishing 
information to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Periodic Audit of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain by the Exchange
    To help ensure the proper functioning of the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain and accuracy of information thereon, the Exchange proposes 
in Rule 17020(c)(3) to periodically audit the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain. Specifically, the Exchange proposes to perform the audit at 
least bi-annually to ensure that that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
accurately captures order and transaction data on BSTX. The Exchange 
expects that it will initially audit the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
more frequently (e.g., monthly) during the first year of operation to 
make sure the BSTX Market Data Blockchain operates as intended during 
the period of time when the Exchange expects BSTX Participants to be 
familiarizing themselves with the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. In 
particular, the Exchange plans to evaluate whether the information 
recorded to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is accurate (i.e., that it 
corresponds to the Exchange's FIX trading logs of the relevant market 
data) and captures all of the elements of market data specified in 
proposed Rule 17020(c). To the extent any issues or discrepancies are 
identified in the course of the audit, the Exchange will promptly 
remediate such issues and provide notice, as may be required, to 
impacted users of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain and the 
Commission.\49\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ See generally Rule 1002 of Regulation SCI (describing 
notification requirements related to ``SCI events'' and ``de minimis 
SCI events''--i.e., those that would have no or a de minimis impact 
on the Exchange's operations or market participants). 17 CFR 
242.1002.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Benefits of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain
    The Exchange believes that there are two primary benefits related 
to the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. First, the Exchange believes that a 
BSTX Participant may find the information useful to them for a variety 
of purposes such as to review the BSTX Participant's trading activity 
on BSTX, determine what the market was at a particular point in time on 
BSTX for a given Security, evaluate execution quality on BSTX, help 
confirm the accuracy of their internal trading data,\50\ or download 
the data to back-test trading strategies. As proposed, the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain requires no affirmative obligation on the part of the 
BSTX Participant. As a result, if a BSTX Participant does not find the 
BSTX Market Data Blockchain to be of use to it, it could simply ignore 
it without cost or penalty. In addition, non-BSTX Participants granted 
access to General Market Data may find the data useful for academic 
studies. The Commission could also be granted access by the Exchange, 
which would allow the Commission to examine how and when orders arrived 
at the Exchange, how and when they were modified, and how and when they 
were executed.\51\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ As previously discussed, however, the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain could not be used as a substitute for a BSTX 
Participant's recordkeeping obligations. See supra note 46 and 
proposed Rule 17020(c)(3).
    \51\ The Exchange notes that it is initially proposing a 
relatively simple exchange model without hidden orders or the 
numerous other types of complex orders available on certain other 
exchanges (e.g., peg orders, hide-not-slide, discretionary peg 
orders etc.). Consequently, BSTX presents an opportunity to study, 
using the data available on the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, how a 
more simplified market structure operates as well as the evolution 
of this model over time as additional features might be added (or 
removed).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Second, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
will help familiarize BSTX Participants with the use and capabilities 
of blockchain technology in a manner that does not impose any burden on 
them or other market participants. The Commission has stated that it is 
``mindful of the benefits of increasing use of new technologies for 
investors and the markets, and has encouraged experimentation and 
innovation . . .'' \52\ stating further that ``[i]nformation and 
communications technologies are critical to healthy and efficient 
primary and secondary markets.'' \53\ Regarding the judgment of whether 
the benefits of

[[Page 49423]]

certain technologies are meritorious, the Commission has explained its 
view that ``[t]he market will ultimately prove the worth of 
technology--whether the benefits to the industry and its investors of 
developing and using new services are greater than the associated 
costs.'' \54\ Consistent with these statements, the Exchange believes 
that promoting use of blockchain technology through the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain, accessed through an exchange-provided API, will allow 
BSTX Participants to observe and increase their familiarity with the 
capabilities and potential benefits of blockchain technology in a 
context that operates within the current equity market infrastructure 
and that the proposal will thereby advance and protect the public's 
interest in the use and development of new data processing techniques 
that may create opportunities for more efficient, effective and safe 
securities markets.\55\ Moreover, the Exchange believes that new 
technology, such as blockchain technology, may be able to help perfect 
the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\56\ At a minimum, 
the Exchange believes that the use of blockchain technology to store 
historical market data, accessible through an API, may be a more 
efficient and effective mechanism for consuming historical market data. 
Rather than having to download a file of historical market data as is 
typically the case today, users of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
would be able to query and search the blockchain for particular 
information of interest to them through the API. The Exchange notes 
that it is not proposing to offer a separate historical market data 
feed other than the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, so the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain would be the Exchange's historical market data product 
offering.\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ Securities and Exchange Commission, The Impact of Recent 
Technological Advances on the Securities Markets (Sep. 1997), 
https://www.sec.gov/news/studies/techrp97.htm.
    \53\ Id.
    \54\ Id.
    \55\ Report of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing & Urban 
Affairs, S. Rep. No. 94-75, at 8 (1975) (expressing Congress' 
finding that new data processing and communications systems create 
the opportunity for more efficient and effective markets). While the 
Exchange believes that its proposal represents an introductory step 
in pairing the benefits of blockchain technology with the current 
equity market infrastructure, other market participants and FINRA 
have recognized additional potential benefits to blockchain 
technology in various applications related to the securities 
markets. FINRA has stated ``[o]ne of the proposed benefits of 
[blockchain technology] is the ability to offer a timestamped, 
sequential, audit trail of transaction records. This may provide 
regulators and other interested parties (e.g., internal audit, 
public auditors) with the opportunity to leverage the technology to 
view the complete history of a transaction where it may not be 
available today and enhance existing records related to securities 
transactions.'' Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Distributed 
Ledger Technology: Implications of Blockchain for the Securities 
Industry (January 2017), available at: https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/FINRA_Blockchain_Report.pdf. Further, Paxos Trust 
Company echoed similar themes in connection with its receipt of no-
action relief from the Commission staff, and explained in its 
request letter certain benefits of blockchain technology including 
``greater data accuracy and transparency, advanced security, and 
increased levels of availability and operational efficiency . . . 
.'' See Letter from Jeffrey S. Mooney, Division of Trading and 
Markets, Securities and Exchange Commission to Charles Cascarilla 
and Daniel Burstein, Paxos Trust Company, LLC re: Clearing Agency 
Registration Under Section 17A(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 (October 28, 2019), https://www.sec.gov/divisions/marketreg/mr-noaction/2019/paxos-trust-company-102819-17a.pdf. The Exchange 
believes such benefits may be generally relevant to future potential 
applications of blockchain technology.
    \56\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \57\ See infra notes 147-152 and accompanying text, describing 
the Exchange's proposed market data offerings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Currently, the Exchange believes that market participants, such as 
prospective BSTX Participants, are able to obtain and review their own 
order and trade information as well as historical market data on one or 
more exchanges through a combination of using their own books and 
records and through acquiring historical market data products (e.g., 
TAQ data). Depending on how a market participant might organize these 
sources of data or use historical market data, they may be able to run 
searches or filters to examine the market data in a manner similar to 
what will be available using the BSTX Market Data Blockchain. The BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain is essentially an Exchange-offered tool 
accessible through an API that provides the features of searching and 
filtering of BSTX market data to a BSTX Participant (and non-BSTX 
Participants with respect to anonymized data only). In other words, 
market participants have available to them today through other 
resources (i.e., their books and records and historical data products 
where available) the same data elements that the Exchange proposes to 
make available through the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, but they may 
not have the information readily accessible or searchable in the same 
manner that it would be available using the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain. In the event of any disruption to the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain or a BSTX Participant's access to the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain, there would be no impact on the ability of market 
participants to trade Securities, which the Exchange believes furthers 
the protection of investors and the public interest, consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\58\ There would also no be 
disruption in the distribution of market data related to Securities 
because the BSTX Market Data Blockchain operates as a separate and 
distinct service of the Exchange independently of the Exchange's other 
market data products.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trading Securities on Other National Securities Exchanges
    Securities would be eligible for trading on other national 
securities exchanges that extend UTP to them. As described above in 
Part II.E, Securities would be held in ``street name'' at DTC, have a 
CUSIP number, and would clear and settle through the facilities of a 
clearing agency registered with the SEC (i.e., NSCC and DTC 
respectively). As a result, Securities would be able to trade on other 
exchanges and OTC in the same manner as other NMS stock. Accordingly, 
other exchanges would generally be able to extend UTP to Securities in 
accordance with Commission rules. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain would 
not impact the ability of Securities to trade on other exchanges or 
OTC.
Ability for BSTX Participants To Include a Parameter for a Preference 
for Settlement of Transactions in Securities Faster Than T+2
    As described above in Section II.E.5., and based on discussions 
with representatives from DTCC, BSTX believes that NSCC already has 
authority under its rules, policies and procedures to clear certain 
trades on a T+1 or T+0 basis, which are shorter settlement cycles than 
the longest settlement cycle of T+2 that is generally permitted under 
SEC Rule 15c6-1 for a security trade that involves a broker-dealer.\59\ 
Furthermore, BSTX understands from representatives of DTCC that NSCC 
does already clear trades in accordance with this authority.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \59\ See supra note 33.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes that BSTX Participants would be able to 
include in their orders in Securities that are submitted to BSTX 
certain parameters to indicate a preference for settlement on a same 
day (T+0) or next trading day (T+1) basis when certain conditions are 
met.\60\ Any such orders would at the time of order entry represent 
orders that would be regular-way and would be presumed to settle on a 
T+2 basis just like any other order submitted by a BSTX Participant 
that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for faster 
settlement. As described in greater

[[Page 49424]]

detail below, however, orders in a Security that include a parameter 
indicating a preference for settlement on a T+0 basis (``Order with a 
T+0 Preference'') or on a T+1 basis (``Order with a T+1 Preference'') 
would only result in executions that would actually settle more quickly 
than on a T+2 basis if, and only if, all of the conditions in Rule 
25060(h) are met and the execution that is transmitted by BSTX to NSCC 
is eligible for T+0 or T+1 settlement under the rules, policies and 
procedures of a registered clearing agency.\61\ Any such preference 
included by a BSTX Participant would only become operative if the order 
happens to execute against another order from a BSTX Participant that 
also includes a parameter indicating a preference for settlement on a 
T+0 or T+1 basis, as described in more detail below. This means that at 
the time of order entry all orders in Securities would be regular-way 
orders that would be presumed to settle on a T+2 basis. Faster 
settlement consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a 
registered clearing agency would occur if and only if two orders 
execute against each other in a manner that meets the conditions in 
Rule 25060(h).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \60\ See proposed Rule 25060(h).
    \61\ See proposed Rule 25100(d). For example, the Exchange 
understands that under its current rules, policies and procedures 
NSCC accepts trades for T+0 settlement through its continuous net 
settlement system provided that they are received by NSCC before a 
cut-off time of 11:30 a.m. ET. Matched T+0 trades on BSTX that are 
not received by NSCC prior to that cut-off time would not be 
eligible for T+0 clearance and settlement through NSCC's continuous 
net settlement system. DTCC provides on its website an overview of 
the cut-off times and other procedural considerations under its 
rules, policies and procedures that are associated with processing 
trades for accelerated settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis. The 
overview can be accessed here: https://www.dtcc.com/sds.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As proposed, an Order with a T+0 Preference will execute against 
any order against which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the 
matched order information to a registered clearing agency for 
settlement on a standard settlement cycle (T+2) except where: (i) The 
Order with a T+0 Preference executes against another Order with a T+0 
Preference, in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order 
information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the trade 
date as may be permitted by the rules, policies and procedures of the 
registered clearing agency, or (ii) the Order with a T+0 Preference 
executes against an Order with a T+1 Preference, in which case BSTX 
will transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing 
agency for settlement on the next trading day after the trade date 
(i.e., T+1) as may be permitted by the rules, policies and procedures 
of the registered clearing agency. Similarly, as proposed, an Order 
with a T+1 Preference will execute against any order against which it 
is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a 
registered clearing agency for settlement on a standard settlement 
cycle (T+2) except where: (i) The Order with a T+1 Preference executes 
against another Order with a T+1 Preference or an Order with a T+0 
Preference, in which case BSTX will transmit the matched order 
information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on the next 
trading day after the trade date (i.e., T+1) as may be permitted by the 
rules, policies and procedures of the registered clearing agency. In 
all cases, an order not marked with a preference for either T+0 or T+1 
settlement would be assured under the settlement timing logic in 
proposed Rule 25060(h) of settlement on T+2. The possibility of a 
shortened settlement time would have no impact on the Exchange's 
proposed price time priority structure for order matching.\62\
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    \62\ For example, assume Order A is marked as an Order with a 
T+0 Preference and it is sent to BSTX and is marketable against both 
resting Order B (standard T+2 settlement, with time priority over 
Order C) and resting Order C (marked as an Order with a T+0 
Preference but with priority second to that of Order B). Order A 
will interact first with Order B, notwithstanding that Order C is 
also marketable against Order A and is also marked as an Order with 
a T+0 Preference.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As a result of this structure, all orders in Securities would be 
eligible to match and execute against any order against which they are 
marketable with settlement to occur at the later settlement date of any 
two matching orders. Only where an Order with a T+1 Preference or an 
Order with a T+0 Preference match with another Order with a T+1 
Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will those orders (or 
matching portions thereof) be eligible to settle more quickly than the 
standard settlement cycle of T+2.
    As previously noted in Part II.E above, the Exchange expects at the 
commencement of its operations that it would transmit confirmed trade 
details to NSCC regarding trades in Securities that occur on BSTX and 
that NSCC would be the registered clearing agency that clears trades in 
Securities and produces related settlement obligations for settlement 
at DTC. The Exchange believes that NSCC and DTC already have 
appropriate approvals from the SEC for authority in their rules, 
policies and procedures to be able to clear and settle settlement 
obligations using such shortened settlement times. Furthermore, the 
Exchange understands that NSCC and DTC in fact already are using this 
authority for shortened settlement times. For example, based on 
information provided by representatives of DTCC to outside counsel for 
BSTX, the Exchange understands that on average for each business day 
for the months of November and December 2019, NSCC cleared over 19,000 
trades designated for T+1 settlement and over 2,000 trades designated 
for T+0 settlement.\63\ In addition, the Exchange understands that DTCC 
makes data regarding T+0 and T+1 clearance and settlement through NSCC 
and DTC available on the DTCC website for review by the public.\64\ As 
provided in proposed Rules 26136 and 26137, all trades in Securities 
occurring on BSTX that are cleared by NSCC, including those that BSTX 
transmits to NSCC for T+0 or T+1 settlement as may be permitted 
pursuant to NSCC's rules, policies and procedures, will be settled 
through book-entry settlement at DTC pursuant to its rules, policies 
and procedures.
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    \63\ Mike McClain, Managing Director and General Manager of 
Equity Clearing and DTC Settlement Services at DTCC provided this 
information to BSTX's outside counsel, Andrew Blake, Partner, Sidley 
Austin LLP during a telephone conference on February 13, 2020.
    \64\ See DTCC website, Settlement by the Numbers, https://www.dtcc.com/ust1/by-the-numbers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange is also aware of the recent announcement by DTCC, the 
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (``SIFMA'') and 
the Investment Company Institute (``ICI'') that they plan to 
collaborate to help the industry reduce the standard settlement cycle 
from T+2 to T+1, identify a target timeframe for that transition (e.g., 
by 2023 as recently suggested by DTCC),\65\ and support market 
participants in their efforts to obtain requisite regulatory approvals 
for such a reduction in the standard settlement cycle, including from 
the SEC.\66\ The Exchange fully supports this collaboration by SIFMA, 
DTCC and ICI and efforts by market participants and regulators, 
including the SEC, to move the standard settlement cycle to T+1. The 
time frame for the transition, however, remains uncertain and is likely 
to take years, as suggested by DTCC. The Exchange strongly believes 
that this proposal to allow BSTX Participants for trades in

[[Page 49425]]

Securities on BSTX to access the shorter settlement cycles of T+1 and 
T+0 that are already being used by NSCC and DTC today represents a 
change that is both entirely consistent with and in furtherance of 
broader industry efforts to move the standard settlement cycle to T+1 
and that could also incrementally and immediately provide market 
participants with the benefit of shorter settlement cycles that T+2 
where BSTX Participants seek those benefits as provided in proposed 
Rule 25060(h). The Exchange agrees with DTCC representatives who have 
recently stated that ``[t]he time to settlement equals counterparty 
risk which can become elevated during market shocks. It can also lead 
to the need for higher margin requirements, which are critical to 
protecting the financial system and investors against a firm default.'' 
\67\ The Exchange believes that BSTX Participants should be permitted 
to manage these settlement and margin risks through the structure that 
is provided in proposed Rule 25060(h). The Exchange also believes, as 
described in more detail below, that the structure in proposed Rule 
25060(h) would allow them to do so in a manner that is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act and the requirement for the rules 
of the Exchange to be designed to perfect the mechanism of a free and 
open market \68\ because under proposed Rule 25060(h), any Order with a 
T+1 Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will continue to interact 
with any other order in the Security against which it is marketable 
(including any order in the Security that does not include a parameter 
indicating a preference for settlement faster than T+2) and a resulting 
execution will always settle using the latest settlement timing 
associated with two matching orders.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ DTCC White Paper, Advancing Together: Leading the Industry 
to Accelerated Settlement (February 2021) (``DTCC Accelerated 
Settlement White Paper''), https://www.dtcc.com/-/media/Files/PDFs/White%20Paper/DTCC-Accelerated-Settle-WP-2021.pdf.
    \66\ Sifma Press Release, Sifma, ICI and DTCC Leading Effort to 
Shorten U.S. Securities Settlement Cycle to T+1, Collaborating with 
the Industry on Next Steps (April 28, 2021), https://www.sifma.org/resources/news/sifma-ici-and-dtcc-leading-effort-to-shorten-u-s-securities-settlement-cycle-to-t1-collaborating-with-the-industry-on-next-steps/.
    \67\ DTCC Press Release, DTCC Proposes Approach to Shortening 
U.S. Settlement Cycle to T+1 Within 2 Years, (February 24, 2021) 
(quoting Murray Pozmanter, Head of Clearing Agency Services and 
Global Business Operations at DTCC), https://www.dtcc.com/news/2021/february/24/dtcc-proposes-approach-to-shortening-us-settlement-cycle-to-t1-within-two-years.
    \68\ 15 U.S.C. 78(f)(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that facilitating shorter settlement cycles 
as permitted under the rules, policies, and procedures of a registered 
clearing agency is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 
\69\ because it is in the public interest and furthers the protection 
of investors as well as helps perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and the national market system. Specifically, the Exchange 
believes that BSTX Participants have an interest in being able to 
access risk-reducing market functionality that is presently available 
and compatible with market structure, such as shorter settlement 
cycles, and that this can reduce costs for market participants settling 
trading obligations in that Security and reduce settlement risk. For 
example, market participants settling trades in a Security on a T+2 
basis must post margin collateral to NSCC for two trading days. The 
margin collateral cannot otherwise be used until settlement on T+2. In 
addition, and as reflected in statements by DTCC described above, by 
shortening the timing of settlement from T+2 to T+1 or T+0, the risk 
horizon for a potential default in settling the trade is 
correspondingly shortened as well. This means that market participants 
engaged in a transaction settling transactions on shorter settlement 
cycles than T+2 receive the benefits of not having to encumber 
collateral assets for as long and facing a shorter period of settlement 
risk. The Exchange believes that these benefits in turn free up assets 
to be used elsewhere in financial markets, thereby helping to promote 
the efficient allocation of capital and perfecting the mechanism of a 
free and open market.\70\ All else being equal, the Exchange believes 
that a BSTX Participant may find that between two otherwise identical 
stocks, one for which it may be able to settle the transaction more 
quickly is more attractive than one that settles over a longer duration 
and potentially requires collateral to be held for a longer period.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \69\ Id.
    \70\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange notes that the proposed potential for shortened 
settlement timing for an Order with a T+0 Preference or an Order with a 
T+1 Preference will in no way impact or prevent any market participant 
that desires to effect a trade in a Security on BSTX from doing so. 
This is because under proposed Rule 25060(h), any Order with a T+1 
Preference or Order with a T+0 Preference will continue to interact 
with any other order in the Security against which it is marketable 
(including any order in the Security that does not include a parameter 
indicating a preference for settlement faster than T+2) and a resulting 
execution will always settle using the latest settlement timing 
associated with two matching orders. Accordingly, non-BSTX Participants 
seeing a quote in a Security on BSTX will remain able to execute 
against that quote posted on BSTX even if that quote includes a latent 
parameter for a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement where consistent 
with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing 
agency. In this way, the Exchange believes that the proposal is fully 
compatible with the current market structure and would help perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market consistent with the requirement in 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \71\ by allowing for shorter 
settlement times than T+2 where consistent with the rules, policies and 
procedures of a registered clearing agency and where both parties to a 
transaction in a Security indicate a preference for faster settlement 
than T+2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \71\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, because all orders in Securities submitted to BSTX would 
at the time of the order entry be presumed to settle on a regular way 
T+2 basis and would interact with any other order against which the 
order is marketable, the Exchange believes that Orders with a T+0 
Preference and Orders with a T+1 Preference would be considered 
``protected'' within the meaning of Rule 611 of the Exchange Act.\72\ 
Orders with a T+0 Preference and Orders with a T+1 Preference would not 
fall within the exception for protected quotation status set forth in 
Rule 611(b)(2) of the Exchange Act because they will only settle more 
quickly than T+2 where all of the conditions in Rule 25060(h) are met, 
as described above, where settlement faster than T+2 is consistent with 
the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency.\73\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \72\ 17 CFR 242.611.
    \73\ 17 CFR 242.611(b)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In adopting amendments to SEC Rule 15c6-1 in 2017 to shorten the 
standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer transactions in 
securities from T+3 to T+2, the Commission stated its belief that the 
shorter settlement cycle would have positive effects regarding the 
liquidity risks and costs faced by members in a clearing agency, like 
NSCC, that performs central counterparty \74\ (``CCP'') services, and 
that it would also have positive effects for other market participants. 
Specifically, the Commission stated its belief that the resulting 
``reduction in the amount of unsettled trades and the period of time 
during which the CCP is exposed to risk would reduce the amount of 
financial resources that the CCP members may have to provide to support 
the CCP's risk management process . . .'' and that ``[t]his reduction

[[Page 49426]]

in the potential need for financial resources should, in turn, reduce 
the liquidity costs and capital demands clearing broker-dealers face . 
. . and allow for improved capital utilization.'' \75\ The Commission 
went on to state its belief that shortening the settlement cycle 
``would also lead to benefits to other market participants, including 
introducing broker-dealers, institutional investors, and retail 
investors'' such as ``quicker access to funds and securities following 
trade execution'' and ``reduced margin charges and other fees that 
clearing broker-dealers may pass down to other market participants[.]'' 
\76\ The Commission also ``noted that a move to a T+1 standard 
settlement cycle could have similar qualitative benefits of market, 
credit, and liquidity risk reduction for market participants[.]'' \77\ 
BSTX agrees with these statements by the Commission and has therefore 
proposed BSTX Rules 25060(h) and 25100(d) in a form that would promote 
the benefits of available, shorter settlement cycles.\78\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ See 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(a)(2) (defining the term ``central 
counterparty'' to mean ``a clearing agency that interposes itself 
between the counterparties to securities transactions, acting 
functionally as the buyer to every seller and the seller to every 
buyer'').
    \75\ Exchange Act Release No. 80295 (March 22, 2017), 82 FR 
15564, 15570-71 (March 29, 2017).
    \76\ Id. at 15571.
    \77\ Id. at 15582.
    \78\ As described in this Part II.I, an order for a Security 
marked for T+0 or T+1 could still interact with any other order, 
including an order with the default T+2 settlement, with settlement 
to occur at the later of any two matched orders (e.g., if a T+1 
order matches with a T+2 order, the orders would settle T+2). Only 
where an order marked for a shorter settlement time matches with 
another order similarly marked would a shorter settlement time 
occur. Consequently, the proposed use of shorter settlement times 
would not adversely impact any market participant seeking T+2 
settlement in a transaction for a Security.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Proposed BSTX Rules
    The discussion in this Part III addresses the proposed BSTX Rules 
that would be adopted as Rule Series 17000 through 29000.
General Provisions of BSTX and Definitions (Rule 17000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 17000 Series (General 
Provisions of BSTX) a set of general provisions relating to the trading 
of Securities and other rules governing participation on BSTX. Proposed 
Rule 17000 sets forth the defined terms used throughout the BSTX Rules. 
The majority of the proposed definitions are substantially similar to 
defined terms used in other equities exchange rulebooks, such as with 
respect to the term ``customer.'' \79\ The Exchange proposes to set 
forth new definitions for certain terms to specifically identify 
systems, agreements, or persons as they relate to BSTX and as distinct 
from other Exchange systems, agreements, or persons that may be used in 
connection with the trading of other options on the Exchange.\80\ The 
Exchange also proposes to define certain unique terms relating to the 
trading of Securities, including the term ``Security'' itself,\81\ as 
well as for other features of BSTX such as the ``BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain.'' \82\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \79\ Proposed Rule 17000(a)(17) defines the term ``customer'' to 
not include a broker or dealer, which parallels the same definition 
in other exchange rulebooks. See e.g., IEX Rule 1.160(j). Similarly, 
the Exchange proposes to define the term ``Regular Trading Hours'' 
as the time between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. See 
proposed Rule 17000(a)(29) cf. IEX Rule 1.160(gg) (defining 
``Regular Market Hours'' in the same manner).
    \80\ For example, the Exchange proposes to define the term 
``BSTX'' to mean the facility of the Exchange for executing 
transaction in Securities, the term ``BSTX Participant'' to mean a 
Participant or Options Participant (as those terms are defined in 
the Exchange's Rule 100 Series) that is authorized to trade 
Securities, and the term ``BSTX System'' to mean the automated 
trading system used by BSTX for the trading of Securities. See 
proposed Rule 17000(a)(8), (11), and (15).
    \81\ Proposed Rule 17000(a)(31) provides that the term 
``Security'' means a NMS stock, as defined in Rule 600(b)(47) of the 
Exchange Act, trading on the BSTX System. The proposed definition 
further specifies that references to a ``security'' or 
``securities'' in the Rules may include Securities.
    \82\ Proposed Rule 17000(a)(9) provides that the term ``BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain'' means the private, permissioned blockchain 
network through which a BSTX Participant may access certain order 
and transaction data related to trading activity on BSTX. See Part 
II.F for further discussion of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to setting forth proposed definitions used throughout 
the proposed Rules, the Exchange proposes to specify in proposed Rule 
17010 (Applicability) that the Rules set forth in the Rule 17000 Series 
to Rule 29000 Series apply to the trading, listing, and related matters 
pertaining to the trading of Securities. Proposed Rule 17010(b) 
provides that, unless specific Rules relating to Securities govern or 
unless the context otherwise requires, the provisions of any Exchange 
Rule (i.e., including Exchange Rules in the Rule 100 through 16000 
Series) shall be applicable to BSTX Participants.\83\ This is intended 
to make clear that BSTX Participants are subject to all of the 
Exchange's Rules that may be applicable to them, notwithstanding that 
their trading activity may be limited solely to trading Securities. The 
Exchange believes that the proposed definitions set forth in Rule 17000 
are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \84\ because 
they protect investors and the public interest by setting forth clear 
definitions that help BSTX Participants understand and apply Exchange 
Rules. Without clearly defining terms used in the Exchanges Rules and 
providing clarity as to the Exchange Rules that may apply, market 
participants could be confused as to the application of certain rules, 
which could cause harm to investors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ Proposed Rule 17010 further specifies that to the extent 
the provisions of the Rules relating to the trading of Securities 
contained in Rule 17000 Series to Rule 29000 Series are inconsistent 
with any other provisions of the Exchange Rules, the Rules relating 
to Security trading shall control.
    \84\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Participation on BSTX (Rule 18000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 18000 Series 
(Participation on BSTX), three rules setting forth certain requirements 
relating to participation on BSTX. Proposed Rule 18000 (BSTX 
Participation) establishes ``BSTX Participants'' as a new category of 
Exchange participation for effecting transactions on the BSTX System, 
provided they: (i) Complete the BSTX Participant Application, 
Participation Agreement, and User Agreement; \85\ (ii) be an existing 
Options Participant or become a Participant of the Exchange pursuant to 
the Rule 2000 Series; and (iii) provide such other information as 
required by the Exchange.\86\ Proposed Rule 18010 (Requirements for 
BSTX Participants) sets forth certain requirements for BSTX 
Participants including requirements that each BSTX Participant comply 
with Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act, comply with applicable books 
and records requirements, and be a member of a registered clearing 
agency or clear Security transactions through another BSTX Participant 
that is a member/participant of a registered clearing agency.\87\ 
Finally, proposed Rule 18020 (Associated Persons) provides that 
associated persons of a BSTX Participant are bound by the Rules of the 
Exchange to the same extent as each BSTX Participant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ The BSTX Participant Application, Participation Agreement, 
and User Agreement have been submitted as Exhibits 3A, 3B, and 3C to 
the proposal respectively.
    \86\ Proposed Rule 18000 also sets forth the Exchange's review 
process regarding BSTX Participation Agreements and certain 
limitations on the ability to transfer BSTX Participant status 
(e.g., in the case of a change of control). In addition proposed 
Rule 18000(b)(2) provides that a BSTX Participant shall continue to 
abide by all applicable requirements of the Rule 2000 Series, which 
would include, for example, IM-2040-5, which specifies continuing 
education requirements of Exchange Participants and their associated 
persons.
    \87\ Proposed Rule 18010(b) is similar to the rules of existing 
exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 2.160(c). Proposed Rule 18010(a) is 
also similar to the rules of existing exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 
1.160(s) and Cboe BZX Rule 17.2(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 18000 Series 
(Participation on BSTX) is consistent

[[Page 49427]]

with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \88\ because these proposed 
rules are designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, 
and protect investors and the public interest by setting forth the 
requirements to become a BSTX Participant and specifying that 
associated persons of a BSTX Participant are bound by Exchange Rules. 
Under proposed Rule 18000, a BSTX Participant must first become an 
Exchange Participant pursuant to the Exchange Rule 2000 Series which 
the Exchange believes would help assure that BSTX Participants meet the 
appropriate standards for trading on BSTX in furtherance of the 
protection of investors.\89\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \89\ The Exchange notes that the approach of requiring members 
of a facility of an exchange to first become members of the exchange 
is consistent with the approach used by another national securities 
exchange. See Cboe BZX Rule 17.1(b)(3) (requiring that a Cboe BZX 
options member be an existing member or become a member of the Cboe 
BZX equities exchange pursuant to the Cboe BZX Chapter II Series).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Business Conduct for BSTX Participants (Rule 19000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 19000 Series (Business 
Conduct for BSTX Participants), twenty two rules relating to business 
conduct requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially 
similar to business conduct rules of other exchanges.\90\ The proposed 
Rule 19000 Series would specify business conduct requirements with 
respect to: (i) Just and equitable principles of trade; \91\ (ii) 
adherence to law; \92\ (iii) use of fraudulent devices; \93\ (iv) false 
statements; \94\ (v) know your customer; \95\ (vi) fair dealing with 
customers; \96\ (vii) suitability; \97\ (viii) the prompt receipt and 
delivery of securities; \98\ (ix) charges for services performed; \99\ 
(x) use of information obtained in a fiduciary capacity; \100\ (xi) 
publication of transactions and quotations; \101\ (xii) offers at 
stated prices; \102\ (xiii) payments involving publications that 
influence the market price of a security; \103\ (xiv) customer 
confirmations; \104\ (xv) disclosure of a control relationship with an 
issuer of Securities; \105\ (xvi) discretionary accounts; \106\ (xvii) 
improper use of customers' securities or funds and a prohibition 
against guarantees and sharing in accounts; \107\ (xviii) the extent to 
which sharing in accounts is permissible; \108\ (xix) communications 
with customers and the public; \109\ (xx) gratuities; \110\ (xxi) 
telemarketing; \111\ and (xxii) mandatory systems testing.\112\ The 
Exchange notes that the proposed financial responsibility rules are 
virtually identical to those of other national securities exchanges 
other than changes to defined terms and certain other provisions that 
would not apply to the trading of Securities on the BSTX System.\113\
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    \90\ See Cboe BZX Chapter 5 rules. See also IEX Rule 5.150 with 
respect to proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of 
Material, Non-Public Information).
    \91\ Proposed Rule 19000 (Just and Equitable Principles of 
Trade) provides that no BSTX Participant, including its associated 
persons, shall engage in acts or practices inconsistent with just 
and equitable principles of trade.
    \92\ Proposed Rule 19010 (Adherence to Law) generally requires 
BSTX Participants to adhere to applicable laws and regulatory 
requirements.
    \93\ Proposed Rule 19020 (Use of Fraudulent Devices) generally 
prohibits BSTX Participants from effecting a transaction in any 
security by means of a manipulative, deceptive or other fraudulent 
device or contrivance.
    \94\ Proposed Rule 19030 (False Statements) generally prohibits 
BSTX Participants and their associated persons from making false 
statements or misrepresentations in communications with the 
Exchange.
    \95\ Proposed Rule 19040 (Know Your Customer) requires BSTX 
Participants to comply with FINRA Rule 2090 as if such rule were 
part of the Exchange Rules.
    \96\ Proposed Rule 19050 (Fair Dealing with Customers) generally 
requires BSTX Participants to deal fairly with customers and 
specifies certain activities that would violate the duty of fair 
dealing (e.g., churning or overtrading in relation to the objectives 
and financial situation of a customer).
    \97\ Proposed Rule 19060 (Suitability) provides that BSTX 
Participants and their associated persons shall comply with FINRA 
Rule 2111 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules.
    \98\ Proposed Rule 19070 (Prompt Receipt and Delivery of 
Securities) would generally prohibit a BSTX Participant from 
accepting a customer's purchase order for a security until it can 
determine that the customer agrees to receive the securities against 
payment.
    \99\ Proposed Rule 19080 (Charges for Services Performed) 
generally requires that charges imposed on customers by broker-
dealers shall be reasonable and not unfairly discriminatory.
    \100\ Proposed Rule 19090 (Use of Information Obtained in a 
Fiduciary Capacity) generally restricts the use of information as to 
the ownership of securities when acting in certain capacities (e.g., 
as a trustee).
    \101\ Proposed Rule 19100 (Publication of Transactions and 
Quotations) generally prohibits a BSTX Participant from 
disseminating a transaction or quotation information unless the BSTX 
Participant believes it to be bona fide.
    \102\ Proposed Rule 19110 (Offers at Stated Prices) generally 
prohibits a BSTX Participant from offering to transact in a security 
at a stated price unless it is in fact prepared to do so.
    \103\ Proposed Rule 19120 (Payments Involving Publications that 
Influence the Market Price of a Security) generally prohibits direct 
or indirect payments with the aim of disseminating information that 
is intended to effect the price of a security.
    \104\ Proposed Rule 19130 (Customer Confirmations) requires that 
BSTX Participants comply with Rule 10b-10 of the Exchange Act. 17 
CFR 240.10b-10.
    \105\ Proposed Rule 19140 (Disclosure of Control Relationship 
with Issuer) generally requires BSTX Participants to disclose any 
control relationship with an issuer of a security before effecting a 
transaction in that security for the customer.
    \106\ Proposed Rule 19150 (Discretionary Accounts) generally 
provides certain restrictions on BSTX Participants handling of 
discretionary accounts, such as by effecting excessive transactions 
or obtained authorization to exercise discretionary powers.
    \107\ Proposed Rule 19160 (Improper Use of Customers' Securities 
or Funds and Prohibition against Guarantees and Sharing in Accounts) 
generally prohibits BSTX Participants from making improper use of 
customers securities or funds and prohibits guarantees to customers 
against losses.
    \108\ Proposed Rule 19170 (Sharing in Accounts; Extent 
Permissible) generally prohibits BSTX Participants and their 
associated persons from sharing directly or indirectly in the profit 
or losses of the account of a customer unless certain exceptions 
apply such as where an associated person receives prior written 
authorization from the BSTX Participant with which he or she is 
associated.
    \109\ Proposed Rule 19180 (Communications with Customers and the 
Public) generally provides that BSTX Participants and their 
associated persons shall comply with FINRA Rule 2210 as if such rule 
were part of the Exchange Rules.
    \110\ Proposed Rule 19190 (Gratuities) requires BSTX 
Participants to comply with the requirements set forth in BOX 
Exchange Rule 3060 (Gratuities).
    \111\ Proposed Rule 19200 (Telemarketing) requires that BSTX 
Participants and their associated persons comply with FINRA Rule 
3230 as if such rule were part of the Exchange's Rules.
    \112\ Proposed Rule 19210 (Mandatory Systems Testing) requires 
that BSTX Participants comply with Exchange Rule 3180 (Mandatory 
Systems Testing).
    \113\ For example, the Exchange is not proposing to adopt a rule 
contained in other exchanges' business conduct rules relating to 
disclosures that broker-dealers give to their customers regarding 
the risks of effecting securities transactions during times other 
than during regular trading hours (e.g., higher volatility, possibly 
lower liquidity) because executions may only occur during regular 
trading hours on the BSTX System. See e.g., IEX Rule 3.290, Cboe BZX 
Rule 3.21.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 19000 Series (Business 
Conduct) is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \114\ 
because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and 
manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles 
of trade, and protect investors and the public interest by setting 
forth appropriate standards of conduct applicable to BSTX Participants 
in carrying out their business activities. For example, proposed Rule 
19000 (Just and Equitable Principles of Trade) and 19010 (Adherence to 
Law) would prohibit BSTX Participants from engaging in acts or 
practices inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade or 
that would violate applicable laws and regulations. Similarly, proposed 
Rule 19050 (Fair Dealing with Customers) would require that BSTX 
Participants deal fairly with their customers and proposed Rule 19030 
(False Statements) would generally prohibit BSTX Participants, or

[[Page 49428]]

their associated persons from making false statements or 
misrepresentations to the Exchange. The Exchange believes that 
requiring that BSTX Participants comply with the proposed business 
conduct rules in the Rule 19000 Series would further the protection of 
investors and the public interest by promoting high standards of 
commercial honor and integrity. In addition, each of the rules in the 
proposed Rule 19000 Series (Business Conduct) is substantially similar 
to supervisory rules of other exchanges.\115\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \114\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \115\ See supra note 90.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Financial and Operational Rules for BSTX Participants (Rule 20000 
Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 20000 Series (Financial 
and Operational Rules), ten rules relating to financial and operational 
requirements for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to 
financial and operational rules of other exchanges.\116\ The proposed 
Rule 20000 Series would specify financial and operational requirements 
with respect to: (i) Maintenance and furnishing of books and records; 
\117\ (ii) financial reports; \118\ (iii) net capital compliance; \119\ 
(iv) early warning notifications pursuant to Rule 17a-11 under the 
Exchange Act; \120\ (v) authority of the Chief Regulatory Officer to 
impose certain restrictions; \121\ (vi) margin; \122\ (vii) day-trading 
margin; \123\ (viii) customer account information; \124\ (ix) 
maintaining records of customer complaints; \125\ and (x) disclosure of 
financial condition.\126\
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    \116\ See Cboe BZX Chapter 6 rules and IEX Chapter 5 rules.
    \117\ Proposed Rule 20000 (Maintenance, Retention and Furnishing 
of Books, Records and Other Information) requires that BSTX 
Participants comply with current Exchange Rule 1000 (Maintenance, 
Retention and Furnishing of Books, Records and Other Information) 
and that BSTX Participants shall submit to the Exchange order, 
market and transaction data as the Exchange may specify by 
Information Circular.
    \118\ Proposed Rule 20010 (Financial Reports) provides that BSTX 
Participants shall comply with the requirements of current Exchange 
Rule 10020 (Financial Reports).
    \119\ Proposed Rule 20020 (Capital Compliance) provides that 
each BSTX Participant subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act 
(17 CFR 240.15c3-1) shall comply with such rule and other financial 
and operational rules contained in the proposed Rule 20000 series.
    \120\ 17 CFR 240.17a-11. Proposed Rule 20030 (``Early Warning'' 
Notification) provides that BSTX Participants subject to the 
reporting or notifications requirements of Rule 17a-11 under the 
Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.17a-11) or similar ``early warning'' 
requirements imposed by other regulators shall provide the Exchange 
with certain reports and financial statements.
    \121\ Proposed Rule 20040 (Power of CRO to Impose Restrictions) 
generally provides that the Exchange's Chief Regulatory Officer may 
impose restrictions and conditions on a BSTX Participant subject to 
the early warning notification requirements under certain 
circumstances.
    \122\ Proposed Rule 20050 (Margin) sets forth the required 
margin amounts for certain securities held in a customer's margin 
account.
    \123\ Proposed Rule 20060 (Day Trading Margin) sets forth 
additional requirements with respect to customers that engage in day 
trading.
    \124\ Proposed Rule 20070 (Customer Account Information) 
requires that BSTX Participants comply with FINRA Rule 4512 as if 
such rule were part of the Exchange Rules and further clarifies 
certain cross-references within FINRA Rule 4512.
    \125\ Proposed Rule 20080 (Record of Written Customer 
Complaints) requires that BSTX Participants comply with FINRA Rule 
4513 as if such rule were part of the Exchange Rules.
    \126\ Proposed Rule 20090 (Disclosure of Financial Condition) 
generally requires that BSTX Participants make available certain 
information regarding the BSTX Participant's financial condition 
upon request of a customer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 20000 (Financial and 
Operational Rules) Series is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act \127\ because these proposed rules are designed to prevent 
fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, promote just and 
equitable principles of trade, and protect investors and the public 
interest by subjecting BSTX Participants to certain recordkeeping, 
disclosure, and related requirements designed to ensure that BSTX 
Participants conduct themselves in a financially responsible manner. 
For example, proposed Rule 20000 would require BSTX Participants to 
comply with existing Exchange Rule 1000, which sets forth certain 
recordkeeping responsibilities and the obligation to furnish these to 
the Exchange upon request so that the Exchange can appropriately 
monitor the financial condition of a BSTX Participant and its 
compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Similarly, proposed 
Rule 20050 would set forth the margin requirements that BSTX 
Participants must retain with respect to customers trading in a margin 
account to ensure that BSTX Participants are not extending credit to 
customers in a manner that might put the financial condition of the 
BSTX Participant in jeopardy. Each of the proposed rules in the Rule 
20000 Series (Financial and Operational Rules) is substantially similar 
to existing rules of other exchanges or incorporates an existing rule 
of the Exchange or another self-regulatory organization (``SRO'') by 
reference.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \127\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Supervision (Rule 21000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 21000 Series 
(Supervision), six rules relating to certain supervisory requirements 
for BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to supervisory 
rules of other exchanges.\128\ The Proposed Rule 21000 Series would 
specify supervisory requirements with respect to: (i) Enforcing written 
procedures to appropriately supervise the BSTX Participant's conduct 
and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements; \129\ (ii) 
designation of an individual to carry out written supervisory 
procedures; \130\ (iii) maintenance and keeping of records carrying out 
the BSTX Participant's written supervisory procedures; \131\ (iv) 
review of activities of each of a BSTX Participant's offices, including 
periodic examination of customer accounts to detect and prevent 
irregularities or abuses; \132\ (v) the prevention of the misuse of 
material non-public information; \133\ and (vi) implementation of an 
anti-money laundering (``AML'') compliance program.\134\ These rules 
are designed to ensure that BSTX Participants are able to appropriately 
supervise their business activities, review and maintain records with 
respect to such supervision, and enforce specific procedures relating 
insider-trading and AML.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \128\ See Cboe BZX Chapter 5 rules. See also IEX Rule 5.150 with 
respect to proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of 
Material, Non-Public Information).
    \129\ Proposed Rule 21000 (Written Procedures).
    \130\ Proposed Rule 21010 (Responsibility of BSTX Participants) 
would also require that a copy of a BSTX's written supervisory 
procedures be kept in each office and makes clear that final 
responsibility for proper supervision rests with the BSTX 
Participant.
    \131\ Proposed Rule 21020 (Records).
    \132\ Proposed Rule 21030 (Review of Activities).
    \133\ Proposed Rule 21040 (Prevention of the Misuse of Material, 
Non-Public Information) generally requires BSTX Participants to 
enforce written procedures designed to prevent misuse of material 
non-public information and sets forth examples of conduct that would 
constitute a misuse of material, non-public information.
    \134\ Proposed Rule 21050 (Anti-Money Laundering Compliance 
Program). The Exchange already has rules with respect to Exchange 
Participants enforcing an AML compliance program set forth in 
Exchange Rule 10070 (Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program), so 
proposed Rule 21050 specifies that BSTX Participants shall comply 
with the requirements of that pre-existing rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 21000 (Supervision) 
Series is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \135\ 
because these proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and 
manipulative acts and practices, promote just and equitable principles 
of trade, and protect investors

[[Page 49429]]

and the public interest by ensuring that BSTX Participants have 
appropriate supervisory controls in place to carry out their business 
activities in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. For 
example, proposed Rule 21000 (Written Procedures) would require BSTX 
Participants to enforce written procedures which enable them to 
supervise the activities of their associated persons and proposed Rule 
21010 (Responsibility of BSTX Participants) would require a BSTX 
Participant to designate a person in each office to carry out written 
supervisory procedures. Requiring appropriate supervision of a BSTX 
Participant's business activities and associated persons would promote 
compliance with the federal securities laws and other applicable 
regulatory requirements in furtherance of the protection of investors 
and the public interest.\136\ In addition, each of the rules in the 
proposed Rule 21000 Series (Supervision) is substantially similar to 
supervisory rules of other exchanges.\137\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \135\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \136\ Id.
    \137\ See supra note 128.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Miscellaneous Provisions (Rule 22000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 22000 Series 
(Miscellaneous Provisions), six rules relating to a variety of 
miscellaneous requirements applicable to BSTX Participants that are 
substantially similar to rules of other exchanges.\138\ These 
miscellaneous provisions relate to: (i) Comparison and settlement 
requirements; \139\ (ii) failures to deliver and failures to receive; 
\140\ (iii) forwarding of proxy and other issuer-related materials; 
\141\ (iv) commissions; \142\ (v) regulatory services agreements; \143\ 
and (vi) transactions involving Exchange employees.\144\ These rules 
are designed to capture additional regulatory requirements applicable 
to BSTX Participants, such as setting forth their obligation to deliver 
proxy materials at the request of an issuer and to incorporate by 
reference Rule 200-203 of Regulation SHO.\145\ The Exchange believes 
that the proposed Rule 22000 (Miscellaneous Provisions) Series is 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \146\ because these 
proposed rules are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts 
and practices, promote just and equitable principles of trade, and 
protect investors and the public interest by ensuring that BSTX 
Participants comply with additional regulatory requirements, such as 
Rule 203 of Regulation SHO \147\ as provided in proposed Rule 22010 
(Failure to Deliver and Failure to Receive), in connection with their 
participation on BSTX. For example, proposed Rule 22030 (Commissions) 
prohibits BSTX Participants from charging fixed rates of commissions 
for transactions on the Exchange consistent with Section 6(e)(1) of the 
Exchange Act.\148\ Similarly, proposed Rule 22050 (Transactions 
involving Exchange Employees) sets forth certain requirements and 
prohibitions relating to a BSTX Participant providing certain financial 
services to an Exchange employee, which the Exchange believes helps 
prevent potentially fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices and 
furthers the protection of investors and the public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \138\ See Cboe BZX Chapter 13 rules. See also IEX Rule 6.180 
with respect to proposed Rule 22050 (Transactions Involving BOX 
Employees).
    \139\ Proposed Rule 22000 (Comparison and Settlement 
Requirements) provides that a BSTX Participant that is a member of a 
registered clearing agency shall implement comparison and settlement 
procedures as may be required under the rules of such entity. The 
proposed rule would further provide that, notwithstanding this 
general provision, the Board may extend or postpone the time of 
delivery of a BSTX transaction whenever the Board determines that it 
is called for by the public interest, just and equitable principles 
of trade or to address unusual conditions. In such a case, delivery 
will occur as directed by the Board.
    \140\ Proposed Rule 22010 (Failure to Deliver and Failure to 
Receive) provides that borrowing and deliveries must be effected in 
accordance with Rule 203 of Regulation SHO (17 CFR 242.203) and 
incorporates Rules 200-203 of Regulation SHO by reference into the 
rule (17 CFR 242.200-203).
    \141\ Proposed Rule 22020 (Forwarding of Proxy and Other 
Information; Proxy Voting) generally provides that BSTX Participants 
shall forward proxy materials when requested by an issuer and sets 
forth certain conditions and limitations for BSTX Participants to 
give a proxy to vote stock that is registered in its name.
    \142\ Proposed Rule 22030 (Commissions) provides that the 
Exchange Rules or practices shall not be construed to allow a BSTX 
Participant or its associated persons to agree or arrange for the 
charging of fixed rates commissions for transactions on the 
Exchange.
    \143\ Proposed Rule 22040 (Regulatory Service Agreement) 
provides that the Exchange may enter into regulatory services 
agreements with other SROs to assist in carrying out regulatory 
functions, but the Exchange shall retain ultimate legal 
responsibility for, and control of, its SRO responsibilities.
    \144\ Proposed Rule 22040 (Transactions Involving Exchange 
Employees) sets forth conditions and limitations on a BSTX 
Participant providing loans or supporting the account of an Exchange 
employee (e.g., promptly obtaining and implementing an instruction 
from the employee to provide duplicate account statement to the 
Exchange) in order to mitigate any potential conflicts of interest 
that might arise from such a relationship.
    \145\ 17 CFR 242.200-203.
    \146\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \147\ 17 CFR 242.203.
    \148\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(e)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 22060 to provide a 
high-level description of the market data products that the Exchange 
will offer. Specifically, proposed Rule 22060 sets forth a brief 
description of: (i) BSTX Depth-of Book data,\149\ (ii) BSTX Top-of-
Book,\150\ (iii) BSTX Last Sale,\151\ and (iv) the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain.\152\ The Exchange believes that providing a brief 
description of the market data product offerings by the Exchange in the 
rulebook promotes clarity to market participants with respect to the 
Exchange's different market data product offerings, which the Exchange 
believes helps may serve to remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\153\ by ensuring 
market participants are adequately informed of the Exchange's 
offerings. The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 22060 is substantially 
similar to a rule of another national securities exchange.\154\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \149\ BSTX Depth-of-Book would be a data feed that contains all 
displayed orders for Securities trading on the Exchange, order 
executions, order cancellations, order modifications, and 
administrative messages.
    \150\ BSTX Top-of-Book would be an uncompressed data feed that 
offers top of book quotations and execution information based on 
orders entered into the BSTX System.
    \151\ BSTX Last Sale would be an uncompressed data feed that 
offers only execution information based on orders entered into the 
BSTX System.
    \152\ The BSTX Market Data Blockchain is described in proposed 
Rule 22060(d) as historical market data with respect to trading on 
the BSTX System, as set forth in Rule 17020.
    \153\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \154\ See MEMX LLC Rule 13.8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trading Practice Rules (Rule 23000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to adopt as its Rule 23000 Series (Trading 
Practice Rules), 14 rules relating to trading practice requirements for 
BSTX Participants that are substantially similar to trading practice 
rules of other exchanges.\155\ The proposed Rule 23000 Series would 
specify trading practice requirements related to: (i) Market 
manipulation; (ii) fictitious transactions; (iii) excessive sales by a 
BSTX Participant; (iv) manipulative transactions; (v) dissemination of 
false information; (vi) prohibition against trading ahead of customer 
orders; (vii) joint activity; (viii) influencing data feeds; (ix) trade 
shredding; (x) best execution; (xi) publication of transactions and 
changes; (xii) trading ahead of research reports; (xiii) front running 
of block transactions; and (xiv) a prohibition against disruptive 
quoting and trading activity. The purpose of the trading practice rules 
is to set forth standards and rules relating to the

[[Page 49430]]

trading conduct of BSTX Participants, primarily with respect to 
prohibiting forms of market manipulation and specifying certain 
obligations broker-dealers have to their customers, such as the duty of 
best execution. For example, proposed Rule 23000 (Market Manipulation) 
sets forth a general prohibition against a BSTX Participant purchasing 
a security at successively higher prices or sales of a security at 
successively lower prices, or to otherwise engage in activity for the 
purpose of creating or inducing a false, misleading or artificial 
appearance of activity in such security.\156\ Proposed Rule 23010 
(Fictitious Transactions) similarly prohibits BSTX Participants from 
fictitious transaction activity, such as executing a transaction which 
involves no beneficial change in ownership, and proposed Rule 23020 
(Excessive Sales by a BSTX Participant) prohibits a BSTX Participant 
from executing purchases or sales in any security trading on the 
Exchange for any account in which it has an interest, which are 
excessive in view of the BSTX Participant's financial resources or in 
view of the market for such security.\157\ Proposed Rule 23060 (Joint 
Activity) prohibits a BSTX Participant from directly or indirectly 
holding any interest or participation in any joint account for buying 
or selling a security traded on the Exchange unless reported to the 
Exchange with certain information provided and proposed Rule 23090 
(Best Execution) reaffirms BSTX Participants best execution obligations 
to their customers.\158\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \155\ See Cboe BZX Chapter 12 rules.
    \156\ Proposed Rule 23030 (Manipulative Transactions) specifies 
further prohibitions relating to potential manipulation by 
prohibiting BSTX Participants from, among other things, 
participating or having any direct or indirect interest in the 
profits of a manipulative operation or knowingly managing or 
financing a manipulative operation.
    \157\ Other proposed rules relating to potential manipulation 
include: (i) Rule 23040 (Dissemination of False Information), which 
generally prohibits, consistent with Exchange Rule 3080, BSTX 
Participants from spreading information that is false or misleading; 
(ii) Rule 23070 (Influencing Data Feeds), which generally prohibits 
transactions to influence data feeds; (iii) Rule 23080 (Trade 
Shredding), which generally prohibits conduct that has the intent or 
effect of splitting any order into multiple smaller orders for the 
primary purpose of maximizing remuneration to the BSTX Participant; 
(iv) Rule 23110 (Trading Ahead of Research Reports), which generally 
prohibits BSTX Participants from trading based on non-public advance 
knowledge of a research report and requires BSTX Participants to 
enforce policies and procedures to limit information flow from 
research personnel to trading personnel that might trade on such 
information; (v) Rule 23120 (Front Running Block Transactions), 
which incorporates FINRA Rule 5270 as though it were part of the 
Exchange's Rules; and (vi) Rule 23130 (Disruptive Quoting and 
Trading Activity Prohibited), which incorporates Exchange Rule 3220 
by reference.
    \158\ In addition, proposed Rule 23100 (Publication of 
Transactions and Changes) provides that the Exchange will 
disseminate transaction information to appropriate data feeds, BSTX 
Participants must provide information necessary to facilitate the 
dissemination of such information, and that an Exchange official 
shall be responsible for approving corrections to any reports 
transmitted over data feeds.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 23050 (Prohibition against Trading Ahead of Customer 
Orders) is substantially similar to FINRA 5320 and rules adopted by 
other exchanges,\159\ and generally prohibits BSTX Participants from 
trading ahead of customer orders unless certain enumerated exceptions 
are available and requires BSTX Participants to have a written 
methodology in place governing execution priority to ensure compliance 
with the Rule. The Exchange proposes to adopt each of the exceptions to 
the prohibition against trading ahead of customer orders as provided in 
FINRA Rule 5320 other than the exception related to trading outside of 
normal market hours, since trading on the Exchange would be limited to 
regular trading hours.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \159\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to adopt the order handling procedures 
requirement in proposed Rule 23050(i) consistent with the rules of 
other exchanges.\160\ Specifically, proposed Rule 23050(i) would 
provide that a BSTX Participant must make every effort to execute a 
marketable customer order that it receives fully and promptly and must 
cross customer orders when they are marketable against each other 
consistent with the proposed Rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \160\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.6.07.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to adopt a modified version of the exception 
set forth in FINRA Rule 5320.06 relating to minimum price improvement 
standards as proposed in Rule 23050(h). Under proposed Rule 23050(h), 
BSTX Participants would be permitted to execute an order on a 
proprietary basis when holding an unexecuted limit order in that same 
security without being required to execute the held limit order 
provided that they give price improvement of $0.01 to the unexecuted 
held limit order. While FINRA Rule 5320.06 sets forth alternate, lower 
price improvement standards for securities priced below $1, the 
Exchange proposes to adopt a uniform price improvement requirement of 
$0.01 for Securities traded on the BSTX System consistent with the 
Exchange's proposed uniform minimum price variant of $0.01 set forth in 
proposed Rule 25030.
    In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt an exception for bona 
fide error transactions as proposed in Rule 25030(g) which would allow 
a BSTX Participant to trade ahead of a customer order if the trade is 
to correct a bona fide error, as defined in the rule. This proposed 
exception is nearly identical to similar exceptions of other exchanges 
\161\ except that other exchange rules also provide an exception 
whereby firms may submit a proprietary order ahead of a customer order 
to offset a customer order that is in an amount other than a round lot 
(i.e., 100 shares). The Exchange is not adopting an exception for odd-
lot orders under these circumstances because the minimum unit of 
trading for Securities pursuant to proposed Rule 25020 is one Security. 
The Exchange believes that there may be a notable amount of trading in 
amounts of less than 100 Securities (i.e., trading in odd-lot amounts), 
and the Exchange accordingly does not believe that it is appropriate to 
allow BSTX Participants to trade ahead of customer orders just to 
offset an odd-lot customer order.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \161\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 12.5.05.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 23000 Series relating 
to trading practice rules is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act \162\ because these proposed rules are designed to prevent 
fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices that could harm 
investors and to promote just and equitable principles of trade. The 
proposed rules in the Rule 23000 Series are substantially similar to 
the rules of other exchanges and generally include a variety of 
prohibitions against types of trading activity or other conduct that 
could potentially be manipulative, such as prohibitions against market 
manipulation, fictitious transactions, and the dissemination of false 
information. The Exchange has proposed to exclude certain provisions 
from, or make certain modifications to, comparable rules of other SROs, 
as detailed above, in order to account for certain unique aspects 
related to the proposed trading of Securities. The Exchange believes 
that it is consistent with applicable requirements under the Exchange 
Act to exclude these provisions and exceptions because they set forth 
requirements that would not apply to BSTX Participants trading in 
Securities and are not necessary for the Exchange to carry out its 
functions of facilitating Security transactions and regulating BSTX 
Participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \162\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disciplinary Rules (Rule 24000 Series)
    With respect to disciplinary matters, the Exchange proposes to 
adopt Rule

[[Page 49431]]

24000 (Discipline and Summary Suspension), which provides that the 
provisions of the Exchange Rule 11000 Series (Summary Suspension), 
12000 Series (Discipline), 13000 Series (Review of Certain Exchange 
Actions), and 14000 Series (Arbitration) of the Exchange Rules shall be 
applicable to BSTX Participants and trading on the BSTX System. The 
Exchange already has Rules pertaining to discipline and suspension of 
Exchange Participants that it proposes to extend to BSTX Participants 
and trading on the BSTX System. The Exchange also proposes to adopt as 
Rule 24010 a minor rule violation plan with respect to transactions on 
BSTX.\163\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \163\ The proposed additions to the Exchange's minor rule 
violation plan pursuant to proposed Rule 24010 are discussed below 
in Part IV.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 24000 incorporates by reference existing rules that 
have already been approved by the Commission.
Trading Rules and the BSTX System (Rule 25000 Series)
Rule 25000--Access to and Conduct on the BSTX Marketplace
    The Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 25000 (Access to and Conduct on 
the BSTX Marketplace) to set forth rules relating to access to the BSTX 
System and certain conduct requirements applicable to BSTX 
Participants. Specifically, proposed Rule 25000 provides that only BSTX 
Participants, including their associated persons, that are approved for 
trading on the BSTX System shall effect any transaction on the BSTX 
System. Proposed Rule 25000(b) generally requires that a BSTX 
Participant maintain a list of authorized traders that may obtain 
access to the BSTX System on behalf of the BSTX Participant, have 
procedures in place reasonably designed to ensure that all authorized 
traders comply with Exchange Rules and to prevent unauthorized access 
to the BSTX System, and to provide the list of authorized traders to 
the Exchange upon request. Proposed Rule 25000(c) and (d) restate 
provisions that are already set forth in Exchange Rule 7000, generally 
providing that BSTX Participants shall not engage in conduct that is 
inconsistent with the maintenance of a fair and orderly market or the 
ordinary and efficient conduct of business, as well as conduct that is 
likely to impair public confidence in the operations of the Exchange. 
Examples of such prohibited conduct include failure to abide by a 
determination of the Exchange, refusal to provide information requested 
by the Exchange, and failure to adequately supervise employees. 
Proposed Rule 25000(f) provides the Exchange with authority to suspend 
or terminate access to the BSTX System under certain circumstances.
    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25000 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \164\ because it is designed to 
protect investors and the public interest and promote just and 
equitable principles of trade by ensuring that BSTX Participants would 
not allow for unauthorized access to the BSTX System and would not 
engage in conduct detrimental to the maintenance of fair and orderly 
markets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \164\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25010--Days/Hours
    Proposed Rule 25010 sets forth the days and hours during which BSTX 
would be open for business and during which transactions may be 
effected on the BSTX System. Under the proposed rule, transactions may 
be executed on the BSTX System between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern 
Time. The proposed rule also specifies certain holidays BSTX would be 
not be open (e.g., New Year's Day) and provides that the Chief 
Executive Officer, President, or Chief Regulatory Officer of the 
Exchange, or such person's designee who is a senior officer of the 
Exchange, shall have the power to halt or suspend trading in any 
Securities, close some or all of BSTX's facilities, and determine the 
duration of any such halt, suspension, or closing, when such person 
deems the action necessary for the maintenance of fair and orderly 
markets, the protection of investors, or otherwise in the public 
interest.
    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25010 is designed to 
protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\165\ by setting forth the days and hours 
that trades may be effected on the BSTX System and by providing 
officers of the Exchange with the authority to halt or suspend trading 
when such officers believe that such action is necessary or appropriate 
to maintain fair and orderly markets or to protect investors or in the 
public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \165\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25020--Units of Trading
    Proposed Rule 25020 sets forth the minimum unit of trading on the 
BSTX System, which shall be one Security. The Exchange believes that 
proposed Rule 25020 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act \166\ because it fosters cooperation and coordination of persons 
engaged in facilitating transactions in securities by specifying the 
minimum unit of trading of Securities on the BSTX System. In addition, 
other exchanges similarly provide that the minimum unit of trading is 
one share for their market and/or for certain securities.\167\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \166\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \167\ See e.g., IEX Rule 11.180.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25030--Minimum Price Variant
    Proposed Rule 25030 provides the minimum price variant for 
Securities shall be $0.01. The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 
25030 is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because it 
fosters cooperation and coordination of persons engaged in facilitating 
transactions in securities by specifying the minimum price variant for 
Securities and promotes compliance with Rule 612 of Regulation 
NMS.\168\ Under Rule 612 of Regulation NMS, the Exchange is, among 
other things, prohibited from displaying, ranking or accepting from any 
person a bid or offer or order in an NMS stock in an increment smaller 
than $0.01 if that bid or offer or order is priced equal to or greater 
than $1.00 per share. Where a bid or offer or order is priced less than 
or equal to $1.00 per share, the minimum acceptable increment is 
$0.0001. Proposed Rule 25030 sets a uniform minimum price variant for 
all Securities of $0.01 irrespective of whether the Security is trading 
below $1.00.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \168\ 17 CFR 242.611.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25040--Opening the Marketplace
    Proposed Rule 25040 sets forth the opening process for the BSTX 
System for BSTX-listed Securities and non-BSTX-listed securities. For 
BSTX-listed Securities, the Exchange proposes to allow for order entry 
to commence at 8:30 a.m. ET during the Pre-Opening Phase. Proposed Rule 
25040(a) provides that orders will not execute during the Pre-Opening 
Phase, which lasts until regular trading hours begin at 9:30 a.m. 
ET.\169\ Similar to how the Exchange's opening process works for 
options trading, BSTX would disseminate a theoretical opening price 
(``TOP'') to BSTX Participants, which is the price at which the opening 
match would occur at a given moment in time.\170\ Under the proposed 
rule, the Exchange will also broadcast other information during the 
Pre-Opening Phase. Specifically, in

[[Page 49432]]

addition to the TOP, the Exchange would disseminate pursuant to 
proposed Rule 25040(a)(3): (i) ``Paired Securities,'' which is the 
quantity of Securities that would execute at the TOP; (ii) the 
``Imbalance Quantity,'' which is the number of Securities that may not 
be matched with other orders at the TOP at the time of dissemination; 
and (iii) the ``Imbalance Side,'' which is the buy/sell direction of 
any imbalance at the time of dissemination (collectively, with the TOP, 
``Broadcast Information'').\171\ Broadcast Information would be 
recalculated and disseminated every time a new order is received or 
cancelled and where such event causes the TOP or Paired Securities to 
change. With respect to priority during the opening match for all 
Securities, consistent with proposed Rule 25080 (Execution and Price/
Time Priority), among multiple orders at the same price, execution 
priority during the opening match is determined based on the time the 
order was received by the BSTX System.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \169\ As a result, orders marked IOC submitted during the Pre-
Opening Phase would be rejected by the BSTX System. See proposed 
Rule 25040(a)(7).
    \170\ The TOP can only be calculated where the BSTX Book is 
crossed during the Pre-Opening Phase. See proposed Rule 25040(a)(2).
    \171\ Pursuant to proposed Rule 25040(a)(3), any orders which 
are at a better price (i.e., bid higher or offer lower) than the TOP 
would be shown only as a total quantity on the BSTX Book at a price 
equal to the TOP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Consistent with the manner in which the Exchange opens options 
trading, the BSTX System would determine a single price at which a 
BSTX-listed Security would be opened by calculating the optimum number 
of Securities that could be matched at a price, taking into 
consideration all the orders on the BSTX Book.\172\ Proposed Rule 
25040(a)(6) provides that the opening match price is the price which 
results in the matching of the highest number of Securities. If two or 
more prices would satisfy this maximum quantity criteria, the price 
leaving the fewest resting Securities in the BSTX Book will be selected 
at the opening price and where two or more prices would satisfy the 
maximum quantity criteria and leave the fewest Securities in the BSTX 
Book, the price closest to the previous day's closing price will be 
selected.\173\ The opening price must also be within the ``Collar Price 
Range'' as set forth in proposed Rule 25040(a)(5), which is designed to 
ensure that a Security opens in an fair and orderly manner and under 
market conditions where there is sufficient quotation interest (e.g., a 
national best bid and offer), the market is not crossed, and where the 
opening price will not drastically depart from the market at the time 
of the auction or the preceding day's closing price.\174\ Unexecuted 
trading interest during the opening match will move to the BSTX Book 
and will preserve price time priority.\175\ When the BSTX System cannot 
determine an opening price of a BSTX-listed Security at the start of 
regular trading hours, BSTX would nevertheless open the Security for 
trading and move all trading interest received during the Pre-Opening 
Phase to the BSTX Book.\176\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \172\ See proposed Rule 25040(a)(4)(ii).
    \173\ With respect to an initial public offering of a Security 
where there is no previous day's closing price, the opening price 
would be the price assigned to the Security by the underwriter for 
the offering, referred to as the ``Initial Security Offering 
Reference Price.'' See Proposed Rule 25040(a)(5)(ii)(3).
    \174\ See proposed Rule 25040(a)(5). The Exchange notes that the 
auction collars proposed in Rule 25040(a)(5) are substantially 
similar to those of Cboe BZX. See Cboe BZX Rule 11.23.
    \175\ See proposed Rule 25040(a)(7).
    \176\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For initial public offerings of Securities (``Initial Security 
Offerings''), the process would be generally the same as regular market 
openings. However, in advance of an Initial Security Offering auction 
(``Initial Security Offering Auction''), the Exchange shall announce a 
``Quote-Only Period'' that shall be between fifteen (15) and thirty 
(30) minutes plus a short random period prior to the Initial Security 
Offering Auction.\177\ The Quote-Only Period may be extended in certain 
cases.\178\ As with regular market openings the Exchange would 
disseminate Broadcast Information at the commencement of the Quote Only 
Period, and Broadcast Information would be re-calculated and 
disseminated every time a new order is received or cancelled and where 
such event causes the TOP price or Paired Securities to change.\179\ In 
the event of any extension to the Quote-Only Period or a trading pause, 
the Exchange will notify market participants regarding the 
circumstances and length of the extension.\180\ Orders will be matched 
and executed at the conclusion of the Quote-Only Period, rather than at 
9:30 a.m. Eastern Time.\181\ Following the initial cross at the end of 
the Quote-Only Period wherein orders will execute based on price/time 
priority consistent with proposed Rule 25080, the Exchange will 
transition to normal trading pursuant to proposed Rule 
25040(a)(6).\182\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \177\ See proposed Rule 25040(b)(1).
    \178\ Such cases are when: (i) There is no TOP; (ii) the 
underwriter requests an extension; (iii) the TOP moves the greater 
of 10% or fifty (50) cents in the fifteen (15) seconds prior to the 
initial cross; or (iv) in the event of a technical or systems issue 
at the Exchange that may impair the ability of BSTX Participants to 
participate in the Initial Security Offering or of the Exchange to 
complete the Initial Security Offering. See proposed Rule 
25040(b)(2).
    \179\ See proposed Rule 25040(b)(3).
    \180\ See proposed Rule 25040(b)(4). The Exchange also proposes 
that if a trading pause is triggered by the Exchange or if the 
Exchange is unable to reopen trading at the end of the trading pause 
due to a systems or technology issue, the Exchange will immediately 
notify the single plan processor responsible for consolidation of 
information for the security pursuant to Rule 603 of Regulation NMS 
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Id.
    \181\ See proposed Rule 25040(b)(5).
    \182\ As with the regular opening process, orders marked IOC 
submitted during the Pre-Opening Phase of an Initial Security 
Offering Auction would be rejected. See proposed Rule 25040(b)(6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange also proposes a process for reopening trading 
following a Limit Up-Limit Down Halt or trading pause (``Halt 
Auctions''). For Halt Auctions, the Exchange proposes that in advance 
of reopening, the Exchange shall announce a Quote-Only Period that 
shall be five (5) minutes prior to the Halt Auction.\183\ This Quote-
Only Period may be extended in certain circumstances.\184\ The Exchange 
proposes to disseminate the same Broadcast Information as it does for 
an Initial Security Offering Auction and would similarly provide 
notification of any extension to the quote-only period as with an 
Initial Security Offering Auction.\185\ The transition to normal 
trading would also occur in the same manner as Initial Security 
Offering Auctions, as described above.\186\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \183\ See proposed Rule 25040(c)(1). Orders marked IOC submitted 
during the Quote-Only Period would be rejected. In addition, Halt 
Auctions would be subject to the proposed Halt Auction Collar, as 
set forth in proposed Rule 25040(c)(2)(i) and (ii). These proposed 
collars for Halt Auctions are substantially similar to those 
provided by Cboe BZX, and are designed to make sure that the 
Exchange is able to reopen trading in a Security in a fair and 
orderly manner. See Cboe BZX Rule 11.23(d). To the extent an Halt 
Auction would occur at an ``Impermissible Price'' (i.e., a price 
outside of the proposed Halt Auction collars), the Exchange would 
extend the period of Halt Auction and gradually expand the scope of 
the collar price range over time until it is able to re-open trading 
in the Security in a manner consistent with proposed Rule 
25040(c)(2).
    \184\ See proposed Rule 25040(c)(2). The Quote-Only Period shall 
be extended for an additional five (5) minutes should a Halt Auction 
be unable to be performed due to the absence of a TOP (``Initial 
Extension Period''). After the Initial Extension Period, the 
Exchange proposes that the Quote-Only Period shall be extended for 
additional five (5) minute periods should a Halt Auction be unable 
to be performed due to absence of a TOP (``Additional Extension 
Period'') until a Halt Auction occurs. Under the proposed Rule, the 
Exchange shall attempt to conduct a Halt Auction during the course 
of each Additional Extension Period. Id.
    \185\ See proposed Rule 25040(c)(3)-(5).
    \186\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange also proposes to adopt certain contingency procedures 
in proposed Rule 25040(d) that would provide that when a disruption 
occurs that prevents the execution of an Initial Security Offering 
Auction the Exchange will publicly announce the Quote-Only Period for 
the Initial Security Offering Auction, and the Exchange will then 
cancel all orders on the BSTX Book and

[[Page 49433]]

disseminate a new scheduled time for the Quote-Only Period and opening 
match.\187\ Similarly, when a disruption occurs that prevents the 
execution of a Halt Auction, the Exchange will publicly announce that 
no Halt Auction will occur, and all orders in the halted Security on 
the BSTX Book will be canceled after which the Exchange will open the 
Security for trading without an auction.\188\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \187\ See proposed Rule 25040(d)(1).
    \188\ See proposed Rule 25040(d)(2). The Exchange notes that 
these contingency procedures are substantially similar to those of 
another exchange (see e.g., IEX Rule 11.350(c)(4)) and are designed 
to ensure that the Exchange has appropriate mechanisms in place to 
address possible disruptions that may arise in an Initial Security 
Offering Auction or Halt Auction, consistent with the protection of 
investors and the public interest pursuant to Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The opening process with respect to non-BSTX-listed securities is 
set forth in proposed Rule 25040(e). Pursuant to that Rule, BSTX 
Participants who wish to participate in the opening process may submit 
orders and quotes for inclusion in the BSTX Book, but such orders and 
quotes cannot execute until the termination of the Pre-Opening Phase 
(``Opening Process''). Orders that are canceled before the Opening 
Process will not participate in the Opening Process. The Exchange will 
attempt to perform the Opening Process and will match buy and sell 
orders that are executable at the midpoint of the NBBO.\189\ Generally, 
the price of the Opening Process will be at the midpoint of the first 
NBBO subsequent to the first two-sided quotation published by the 
listing exchange after 9:30:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Pursuant to proposed 
Rule 25040(e)(4), if the conditions to establish the price of the 
Opening Process set forth above do not occur by 9:45:00 a.m. Eastern 
Time, orders will be handled in time sequence, beginning with the order 
with the oldest time stamp, and will be placed on the BSTX Book 
cancelled, or executed in accordance with the terms of the order. A 
similar process will occur for re-opening a non-BSTX-listed security 
subject to a halt.\190\ The proposed opening process for Securities 
listed on another exchange serves as a placeholder in anticipation of 
other exchanges eventually listing and trading Securities, or the 
equivalent thereof, given that there are no other exchanges currently 
trading Securities. The proposed process for opening Securities listed 
on another exchange is similar to existing exchange rules governing the 
opening of trading of a security listed on another exchange.\191\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \189\ See proposed Rule 25040(e)(2).
    \190\ See proposed Rule 25040(e)(5).
    \191\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.24.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\192\ the 
Exchange believes that the proposed process for opening trading in 
BSTX-listed Securities and Securities listed on other exchanges will 
promote just and equitable principles of trade and will help perfect 
the mechanism of a free and open market by establishing a uniform 
process to determine the opening price of Securities.\193\ Proposed 
Rule 25040 provides a mechanism by which BSTX Participants may submit 
orders in advance of the start of regular trading hours, perform an 
opening cross, and commence regular hours trading in Securities listed 
on BSTX or otherwise. Where an opening cross is not possible in a BSTX-
listed Security, the Exchange will proceed by opening regular hours 
trading in the Security anyway, which is consistent with the manner in 
which other exchanges open trading in securities.\194\ With respect to 
initial public offerings of Securities and openings after a Limit Up-
Limit Down halt or trading pause, BSTX proposes to use a process with 
features similar to its normal opening process. There are a variety of 
different ways in which an exchange can open trading in securities, 
including with respect to an initial public offering of a Security, and 
the Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25040 provides a simple and 
clear method for opening transactions that is consistent with the 
protection of investors and the public interest.\195\ Additionally, 
proposed Rule 25040 applies to all BSTX Participants in the same manner 
and is therefore not designed to permit unfair discrimination among 
BSTX Participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \192\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \193\ The Exchange has not proposed to operate a closing auction 
at this time. As a result, the closing price of a Security on BSTX 
would be the last regular way transaction occurring on BSTX, which 
the Exchange believes is a simple and fair way to establish the 
closing price of a Security that does not permit unfair 
discrimination among customers, issuers, or broker-dealers 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. Id. This 
proposed process is consistent with the overall proposed simplified 
market structure for BSTX, which does not include a variety of order 
types offered by other exchanges such as market-on-close and limit-
on-close orders. The Exchange believes that a simplified market 
structure, including the proposed manner in which a closing price 
would be determined, promotes the public interest and the protection 
of investors consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 
through reduced complexity. Id.
    \194\ See e.g., BOX Rule 7070.
    \195\ The Exchange notes that its proposed opening, Initial 
Security Offering Auction, and Halt Auction processes are 
substantially similar to those of another exchange. See Cboe BZX 
Rule 11.23. The key differences between the Exchange's proposed 
processes and those of the Cboe BZX exchange are that the Exchange 
has substantially fewer order types, which make its opening process 
less complex.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25050--Trading Halts
    BSTX proposes to adopt rules relating to trading halts \196\ that 
are substantially similar to other exchange rules adopted in connection 
with the NMS Plan to Address Extraordinary Market Volatility (``LULD 
Plan''), with certain exceptions that reflect Exchange functionality. 
BSTX intends to join the LULD Plan prior to the commencement of trading 
Securities. Below is an explanation of BSTX's approach to certain 
categories of orders during a trading halt:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \196\ The Exchange notes that rules on opening trading for non-
BSTX-listed security are set forth in proposed Rule 25040(e).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Short Sales--BSTX cancels all orders on the book during a 
halt and rejects any new orders, so rules relating to the repricing of 
short sale orders during a trading halt that certain other exchanges 
have adopted have been omitted.
     Pegged Orders--BSTX would not support pegged orders, at 
least initially, so rules relating to pegged orders during a trading 
halt have been omitted.
     Routable Orders--Pursuant to proposed Rule 25130, the BSTX 
System will reject any order or quotation that would lock or cross a 
protected quotation of another exchange (rather than routing such order 
or quotation), and therefore rules relating to handling of routable 
orders during a trading halt have been omitted.
     Limit Orders--Because BSTX would cancel resting order 
interest and reject incoming orders during a trading halt, specific 
rules relating to the repricing of limit-priced interest that certain 
other exchanges have adopted have been omitted.\197\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \197\ See e.g., Cboe BZX 11.18(e)(5)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Auction Orders, Market Orders, and FOK Orders--BSTX would 
not support these order types, at least initially, so rules relating to 
these order types during a trading halt have been omitted.\198\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \198\ IOC orders would be handled pursuant to proposed Rule 
25050(g)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pursuant to proposed Rule 25050(d), the Exchange would cancel all 
resting orders in a non-BSTX listed security subject to a trading halt, 
reject any incoming orders in that Security, and will only resume 
accepting orders following a broadcast message to BSTX Participants 
indicating a forthcoming re-opening of trading.\199\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \199\ Trading would resume pursuant to proposed Rule 
25040(e)(5). See proposed Rule 25050(g)(7).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BSTX believes that it is in the public interest and furthers the 
protection of

[[Page 49434]]

investors, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \200\ to 
provide for a mechanism to halt trading in Securities during periods of 
extraordinary market volatility consistent with the LULD Plan. However, 
the Exchange has excluded rules relating to order types and other 
aspects of the LULD Plan that would not be supported by the Exchange, 
such as market orders and auction orders. The Exchange has also 
reserved the right in proposed Rule 25050(f) to halt or suspend trading 
in other circumstances where the Exchange deems it necessary to do so 
for the protection of investors and in the furtherance of the public 
interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \200\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that canceling resting order interest during 
a trading halt and rejecting incoming orders received during the 
trading halt is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act 
\201\ because it is not designed to permit unfair discrimination among 
BSTX Participants. The orders and trading interest of all BSTX 
Participants would be canceled in the event of a trading halt and each 
BSTX Participant would be required to resubmit any orders they had 
resting on the order book.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \201\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25060--Order Entry
    Proposed Rule 25060 sets forth the manner in which BSTX 
Participants may enter orders to the BSTX System. The BSTX System would 
initially only support limit orders.\202\ Orders that do not designate 
a limit price would be rejected.\203\ The BSTX System would also only 
support two time-in-force (``TIF'') designations initially: (i) DAY; 
and (ii) immediate or cancel (``IOC''). DAY orders will queue during 
the Pre-Opening Phase, may trade during regular market hours, and, if 
unexecuted at the close of the trading day (4:00 p.m. ET), are canceled 
by the BSTX System.\204\ All orders are given a default TIF of DAY. 
BSTX Participants may also designate orders as IOC, which designation 
overrides the default TIF of DAY. IOC orders are not accepted by the 
BSTX System during the Pre-Opening Phase. During regular trading hours, 
IOC orders will execute in whole or in part immediately upon receipt by 
the BSTX System. The BSTX System will not support modification of 
resting orders. To change the price or quantity of an order resting on 
the BSTX Book, a BSTX Participant must cancel the resting order and 
submit a new order, which will result in a new time stamp for purposes 
of BSTX Book priority. In addition, all orders on BSTX will be 
displayed, and the BSTX System will not support hidden orders or 
undisplayed liquidity, as set forth in proposed Rule 25100. The 
Exchange has also proposed an additional order parameter for BSTX 
Participants to indicate a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement, as 
previously described in Item 3, Part II.I.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \202\ The BSTX System will also accept incoming Intermarket 
Sweep Orders (``ISO'') pursuant to proposed Rule 25060(c)(2). ISOs 
must be limit orders, are ineligible for routing, may be submitted 
with a limit price during Regular Trading Hours, and must have a 
time-in-force of IOC. Proposed Rule 25060(c)(2) is substantially 
similar to rules of other national securities exchanges. See e.g., 
Cboe BZX Rule 11.9(d).
    \203\ Proposed Rule 25060(c)(1).
    \204\ Proposed Rule 25060(d)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\205\ the 
Exchange believes that the proposed order entry rules will promote just 
and equitable principles of trade and help perfect the mechanism of a 
free and open market by establishing the types of orders and modifiers 
that all BSTX Participants may use in entering orders to the BSTX 
System. Because these order types and TIFs are available to all BSTX 
Participants, the proposed rule does not unfairly discriminate among 
market participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act. The proposed rule sets forth a very simple exchange model whereby 
there is only one order type--limit orders--and two TIFs. Upon the 
initial launch of BSTX, there will be no hidden orders, price sliding, 
pegged orders, or other order type features that add complexity. The 
Exchange believes that creating a simplified exchange model is designed 
to protect investors and is in the public interest because it reduces 
complexity, thereby helping market participants better understand how 
orders would operate on the BSTX System.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \205\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25070--Audit Trail
    Proposed Rule 25070 (Audit Trail) is designed to ensure that BSTX 
Participants provide the Exchange with information to be able to 
identify the source of a particular order and other information 
necessary to carry out the Exchange's oversight functions. The proposed 
rule is substantially similar to existing BOX Rule 7120 but eliminates 
certain information unique to orders for options contracts (e.g., 
exercise price) because Securities are equity securities. The proposed 
rule also provides that BSTX Participants that employ an electronic 
order routing or order management system that complies with Exchange 
requirements will be deemed to comply with the Rule if the required 
information is recorded in an electronic format. The proposed rule also 
specifies that order information must be kept for no less than three 
years and that where specific customer or account number information is 
not provided to the Exchange, BSTX Participants must maintain such 
information on their books and records.
    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25070 is designed to 
protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\206\ because it will provide the Exchange 
with information necessary to carry out its oversight role. Without 
being able to identify the source and terms of a particular order, the 
Exchange's ability to adequately surveil its market, with or through 
another SRO, for trading inconsistent with applicable regulatory 
requirements would be impeded. In order to promote compliance with Rule 
201 of Regulation SHO, proposed Rule 25080(b)(3) provides that when a 
short sale price test restriction is in effect, the execution price of 
the short sale order must be higher than (i.e., above) the best bid, 
unless the sell order is marked ``short exempt'' pursuant to Regulation 
SHO.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \206\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25080--Execution and Price Time Priority
    Proposed Rule 25080 governs the execution of orders on the BSTX 
System, providing a price-time priority model. The proposed rule 
provides that orders of BSTX Participants shall be ranked and 
maintained in the BSTX Book according to price-time priority, such that 
within each price level, all orders shall be organized by the time of 
entry. The proposed rule further provides that sell orders may not 
execute a price below the best bid in the marketplace and buy orders 
cannot execute at a price above the best offer in the marketplace. 
Further, the proposed rule ensures compliance with Regulation SHO, 
Regulation NMS, and the LULD Plan, in a manner consistent with the 
rulebooks of other national securities exchanges.\207\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \207\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.13(a)(2)-(3) governing regular 
trading hours.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25080 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \208\ because it is designed to 
promote just and equitable principles of trade and foster cooperation 
and coordination with persons facilitating transactions in securities 
by setting forth the order execution priority scheme for Security 
transactions. Numerous other exchanges similarly operate a price-time 
priority

[[Page 49435]]

structure for effecting transactions. The proposed rule also does not 
permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants because all BSTX 
Participants are subject to the same price-time priority structure. In 
addition, the Exchange believes that specifying in proposed Rule 
25080(b)(3) that execution of short sale orders when a short sale price 
test restriction is in effect must occur at a price above the best bid 
unless the order is market ``short exempt,'' is consistent with the 
Exchange Act because it is intended promote compliance with Regulation 
SHO in furtherance of the protection of investors and the public 
interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \208\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25090--BSTX Risk Controls
    Proposed Rule 25090 sets forth certain risk controls applicable to 
orders submitted to the BSTX System. The proposed risk controls are 
designed to prevent the submission and execution of potentially 
erroneous orders. Under the proposed rule, the BSTX System will reject 
orders that exceed a maximum order size, as designated by each BSTX 
Participant. The Exchange, however may set default values for this 
control. The proposed rule also provides a means by which all of a BSTX 
Participant's orders will be canceled in the event that the BSTX 
Participant loses its connection to the BSTX System. Proposed Rule 
25090(c) provides a risk control that prevents incoming limit orders 
from being accepted by the BSTX System if the order's price is more 
than a designated percentage away from the National Best Bid or Offer 
in the marketplace. Proposed Rule 25090(d) provides a maximum order 
rate control whereby the BSTX System will reject an incoming order if 
the rate of orders received by the BSTX System exceeds a designated 
threshold. With respect to both of these risk controls (price 
protection for limit orders and maximum order rate), BSTX Participants 
may designate the appropriate thresholds, but the Exchange may also 
provide default values and mandatory minimum levels.
    The Exchange believes the proposed risk controls in Rule 25090 are 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \209\ because they 
are designed to help prevent the execution of potentially erroneous 
orders, which furthers the protection of investors and the public 
interest. Among other things, erroneous orders can be disruptive to the 
operation of an exchange marketplace, can lead to temporary price 
dislocations, and can hinder price formation. The Exchange believes 
that offering configurable risk controls to BSTX Participants, along 
with default values where a BSTX Participant has not designated its 
desired controls, will protect investors by reducing the number of 
erroneous executions on the BSTX System and will remove impediments to 
and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market system. The 
proposed risk controls are also similar to existing risk controls 
provided by the Exchange to Options Participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \209\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25100--Trade Execution, Reporting, and Dissemination of Quotations
    Proposed Rule 25100 provides that the Exchange shall collect and 
disseminate last sale information for transactions executed on the BSTX 
system. The proposed rule further provides that the aggregate of the 
best-ranked non-marketable Limit Order(s), pursuant to Rule 25080, to 
buy and the best-ranked non-marketable Limit Order(s) to sell in the 
BSTX Book shall be collected and made available to quotation vendors 
for dissemination. Proposed Rule 25100 further provides that the BSTX 
System will operate as an ``automated market center'' within the 
meaning of Regulation NMS and will display ``automated quotations'' at 
all times except in the event of a system malfunction.\210\ In 
addition, the proposed Rule specifies that the Exchange shall identify 
all trades executed pursuant to an exception or an exemption of 
Regulation NMS. The Exchange will disseminate last sale and quotation 
information pursuant to Rule 602 of Regulation NMS and will maintain 
connectivity to the securities information processors for dissemination 
of quotation information.\211\ BSTX Participants may obtain access to 
this information through the securities information processors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \210\ 17 CFR 242.600(b)(4) and (5). The general purpose of an 
exchange being deemed an ``automated trading center'' displaying 
``automated quotations'' relates to whether or not an exchange's 
quotations may be considered protected under Regulation NMS. See 
Exchange Act Release No. 51808, 70 FR 37495, 37520 (June 29, 2005). 
Other trading centers may not effect transactions that would trade 
through a protected quotation of another trading center. The 
Exchange believes that it is useful to specify that it will operate 
as an automated trading center at this time to make clear to market 
participants that it is not operating a manual market with respect 
to Securities.
    \211\ 17 CFR 242.602.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 25100(d) provides that executions that occur as a 
result of orders matched against the BSTX Book, pursuant to Rule 25080, 
shall clear and settle pursuant to the rules, policies, and procedures 
of a registered clearing agency. Rule 25100(e) obliges BSTX 
Participants, or a clearing member/participant clearing on behalf of a 
BSTX Participant to honor trades effected on the BSTX System on the 
scheduled settlement date, and the Exchange shall not be liable for the 
failure of BSTX Participants to satisfy these obligations.\212\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \212\ These proposed provisions are substantially similar to 
those of exchanges. See e.g., Nasdaq Rule 4627 and IEX Rule 10.250.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25100 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \213\ because it will foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons processing information with 
respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities by requiring 
the Exchange to collect and disseminate quotation and last sale 
transaction information to market participants. BSTX Participants will 
need last sale and quotation information to effectively trade on the 
BSTX System, and proposed Rule 25100 sets forth the requirement for the 
Exchange to provide this information as well as the information to be 
provided. The proposed rule is similar to rules of other exchanges 
relating to the dissemination of last sale and quotation information. 
The Exchange believes that requiring BSTX Participants (or firms 
clearing trades on behalf of other BSTX Participants) to honor their 
trade obligations on the settlement date is consistent with the 
Exchange Act because it will foster cooperation with persons engaged in 
clearing and settling transactions in Securities, consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\214\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \213\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \214\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25110--Clearly Erroneous
    Proposed Rule 25110 sets forth the manner in which BSTX will 
resolve clearly erroneous executions that might occur on the BSTX 
System and is substantially similar to comparable clearly erroneous 
rules on other exchanges. Under proposed Rule 25100, transactions that 
involve an obvious error such as price or quantity, may be canceled 
after review and a determination by an officer of BSTX or such other 
employee designee of BSTX (``Official'').\215\ BSTX Participants that 
believe they submitted an order erroneously to the Exchange may request 
a review of the transaction, and

[[Page 49436]]

must do so within thirty (30) minutes of execution and provide certain 
information, including the factual basis for believing that the trade 
is clearly erroneous, to the Official.\216\ Under proposed Rule 
25100(c), an Official may determine that a transaction is clearly 
erroneous if the price of the transaction to buy (sell) that is the 
subject of the complaint is greater than (less than) the ``Reference 
Price'' \217\ by an amount that equals or exceeds specified ``Numerical 
Guidelines.'' \218\ The Official may consider additional factors in 
determining whether a transaction is clearly erroneous, such as whether 
trading in the security had recently halted or overall market 
conditions.\219\ Similar to other exchanges' clearly erroneous rules, 
the Exchange may determine that trades are clearly erroneous in certain 
circumstances such as during a system disruption or malfunction, on a 
BSTX Officer's (or senior employee designee) own motion, during a 
trading halt, or with respect to a series of transactions over multiple 
days.\220\ Under proposed Rule 25110(e)(2), BSTX Participants affected 
by a determination by an Official may appeal this decision to the Chief 
Regulatory Officer of BSTX, provided such appeal is made within thirty 
(30) minutes after the party making the appeal is given notice of the 
initial determination being appealed.\221\ The Chief Regulatory 
Officer's determination shall constitute final action by the Exchange 
on the matter at issue pursuant to proposed Rule 25110(e)(2)(ii).
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    \215\ A transaction made in clearly erroneous error and canceled 
by both parties or determined by the Exchange to be clearly 
erroneous would be removed from the Consolidated Tape. Proposed Rule 
25110(a).
    \216\ Proposed Rule 25110(b). The Official may also consider 
certain ``outlier'' transactions on a case by case basis where the 
request for review is submitted after 30 minutes but no longer than 
sixty (60) minutes after the transaction. Proposed Rule 2511(d).
    \217\ The Reference Price would be equal to the consolidated 
last sale immediately prior to the execution(s) under review except 
for in circumstances, such as, for example, relevant news impacting 
a security or securities, periods of extreme market volatility, 
sustained illiquidity, or widespread system issues, where use of a 
different Reference Price is necessary for the maintenance of a fair 
and orderly market and the protection of investors and the public 
interest. Proposed Rule 25110(c)(1).
    \218\ The proposed Numerical Guidelines are 10% where the 
Reference Price ranges from $0.00 to $25.00, 5% where the Reference 
Price is greater than $25.00 up to and including $50.00, and 3% 
where the Reference Price ranges is greater than $50. Proposed Rule 
25110(c)(1).
    \219\ Proposed Rule 25110(c)(1).
    \220\ See proposed Rule 25110(f)-(j). These provisions are 
virtually identical to similar provisions of other exchanges' 
clearly erroneous rules other than by making certain administrative 
edits (e.g., replacing the term ``security'' with ``Security'').
    \221\ Determinations by an Official pursuant to proposed Rule 
25110(f) relating to system disruptions or malfunctions may not be 
appealed if the Official made a determination that the nullification 
of transactions was necessary for the maintenance of a fair and 
orderly market or the protection of invests and the public interest. 
Proposed Rule 25110(d)(2).
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    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25110 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\222\ because it would promote just 
and equitable principles of trade, remove impediments to, and perfect 
the mechanism of, a free and open market and a national market system 
by setting forth the process by which clearly erroneous trades on the 
BSTX System may be identified and remedied. Proposed Rule 25110 would 
apply equally to all BSTX Participants and is therefore not designed to 
permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants, consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\223\ The proposed rule is 
substantially similar to the clearly erroneous rules of other 
exchanges.\224\ For example, proposed Rule 25110 does not include 
provisions related to clearly erroneous transactions for routed orders 
because orders for Securities will not route to other exchanges.\225\ 
Securities would also only trade during regular trading hours (i.e., 
9:30 a.m. ET to 4:00 p.m. ET), so provisions from comparable exchange 
rules relating to clearly erroneous executions occurring outside of 
regular trading hours have been excluded. Proposed Rule 25110 also 
excludes provisions from comparable clearly erroneous rules of certain 
other exchanges relating to clearly erroneous executions in unlisted 
trading privileges securities that are subject to an initial public 
offering.\226\
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    \222\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \223\ Id.
    \224\ See e.g., Cboe BZX Rule 11.17. Similar to other exchanges' 
comparable rules, proposed Rule 25110 provides BSTX with the ability 
to determine clearly erroneous trades that result from a system 
disruption or malfunction, a BSTX Official acting on his or her own 
motion, trading halts, multi-day trading events, multi-stock events 
involving five or more (but less than twenty) securities whose 
executions occurred within a period of five minutes or less, multi-
stock events involving twenty or more securities whose executions 
occurred within a period of five minutes or less, securities subject 
to the LULD Plan, and for leveraged ETP Securities.
    \225\ Other exchange clearly erroneous rules reference removing 
trades from the Consolidated Tape. Because Security transactions 
would be reported pursuant to a separate transaction reporting plan, 
proposed Rule 25110 eliminates references to the ``Consolidated 
Tape'' and provides that clearly erroneous Security transactions 
will be removed from ``all relevant data feeds disseminating last 
sale information for Security transactions.'' See proposed Rule 
25110(a).
    \226\ The Exchange notes that not all equities exchanges have a 
provision with respect to trade nullification for UTP securities 
that are the subject of an initial public offering. See IEX Rule 
11.270.
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    The Exchange believes that its proposed process for BSTX 
Participants to appeal clearly erroneous execution determinations made 
by an Exchange Official pursuant to proposed Rule 25110 to the Chief 
Regulatory Officer of BSTX is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act \227\ because it promotes just and equitable principles of 
trade and fosters cooperation and coordination with persons regulating, 
settling, and facilitating transactions in securities by providing a 
clear and expedient process to appeal determinations made by an 
Official. BSTX Participants benefit from having a quick resolution to 
potentially clearly erroneous executions and giving the Chief 
Regulatory Officer discretion to decide any appeals of an Official's 
determination provides an efficient means to resolve potential appeals 
that applies equally to all BSTX Participants and therefore does not 
permit unfair discrimination among BSTX Participants, consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. The Exchange notes that, with 
respect to options trading on the Exchange, the Exchange's Chief 
Regulatory Officer similarly has sole authority to overturn or modify 
obvious error determinations made by an Exchange Official and that such 
determination constitutes final Exchange action on the matter at 
issue.\228\ In addition, proposed Rule 25110(e)(2)(iii) provides that 
any determination made by an Official or the Chief Regulatory Officer 
of BSTX under proposed Rule 25110 shall be rendered without prejudice 
as to the rights of the parties to the transaction to submit their 
dispute to arbitration. Accordingly, there is an additional safeguard 
in place for BSTX Participants to seek further review of the Exchange's 
clearly erroneous determination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \227\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \228\ See BOX Rule 7170(n).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To the extent Securities become tradeable on other national 
securities exchanges or other changes arise that may necessitate 
changes to proposed Rule 25110 to conform more closely with the clearly 
erroneous execution rules of other exchanges, the Exchange intends to 
implement changes as necessary through a proposed rule change filed 
with the Commission pursuant to Section 19 of the Exchange Act \229\ at 
such future date.
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    \229\ 15 U.S.C. 78s.
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Rule 25120--Short Sales
    Proposed Rule 25120 sets forth certain requirements with respect to 
short sale orders submitted to the BSTX System that is virtually 
identical to similar rules on other exchanges.\230\ Specifically,

[[Page 49437]]

proposed Rule 25120 requires BSTX Participants to appropriately mark 
orders as long, short, or short exempt and provides that the BSTX 
System will not execute or display a short sale order not marked short 
exempt with respect to a ``covered security'' \231\ at a price that is 
less than or equal to the current national best bid if the price of 
that security decreases by 10% or more, as determined by the listing 
market for the covered security, from the covered security's closing 
price on the listing market as of the end of Regular Trading Hours on 
the prior day (the ``Trigger Price''). The proposed rule further 
specifies the duration of the ``Short Sale Price Test'' and that the 
BSTX System shall determine whether a transaction in a covered security 
has occurred at a Trigger Price and shall immediately notify the 
responsible single plan processor.\232\
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    \230\ See e.g., IEX Rule 11.290.
    \231\ Proposed Rule 25120(b) provides that the terms ``covered 
security,'' ``listing market,'' and ``national best bid'' shall have 
the same meaning as in Rule 201 of Regulation SHO. 17 CFR 
242.201(a).
    \232\ Proposed Rule 25120(d). The proposed rule further provides 
in paragraph (d)(1) that if a covered security did not trade on BSTX 
on the prior trading day, BSTX's determination of the Trigger Price 
shall be based on the last sale price on the BSTX System for that 
Security on the most recent day on which the Security traded.
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    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25120 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\233\ because it would promote just 
and equitable principles of trade and further the protection of 
investors and the public interest by enforcing rules consistent with 
Regulation SHO. Pursuant to Regulation SHO, broker-dealers are required 
to appropriately mark orders as long, short, or short exempt,\234\ and 
trading centers are required to establish, maintain, and enforce 
written policies and procedures reasonably designed to, among other 
things, prevent the execution or display of a short sale order of a 
covered security at a price that is less than or equal to the current 
national best bid if the price of that covered security decreases by 
10% or more from its closing price on the primary listing market on the 
prior day.\235\ Proposed Rule 25120 is designed to promote compliance 
with Regulation SHO, is nearly identical to similar rules of other 
exchanges, and would apply equally to all BSTX Participants.
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    \233\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \234\ 17 CFR 242.200(g).
    \235\ 17 CFR 242.201(b)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25130--Locking or Crossing Quotations in NMS Stocks
    Proposed Rule 25130 sets forth provisions related to locking or 
crossing quotations. The proposed rule is substantially similar to the 
rules of other national securities exchanges.\236\ Proposed Rule 25130 
is designed to promote compliance with Regulation NMS and prohibits 
BSTX Participants from engaging in a pattern or practice of displaying 
quotations that lock or cross a protected quotation unless an exception 
applies. The Exchange proposes in Rule 25130(d) that the BSTX System 
will reject any order or quotation that would lock or cross a protected 
quotation of another exchange at the time of entry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \236\ See IEX Rule 11.310.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes proposed Rule 25130 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \237\ because it is designed to 
promote just and equitable principles of trade and foster cooperation 
and coordination with persons facilitating transactions in securities 
by ensuring that the Exchange prevents display of quotations that lock 
or cross any protected quotation in an NMS stock, in compliance with 
applicable provisions of Regulation NMS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \237\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 25140--Clearance and Settlement: Anonymity
    Proposed Rule 25140 provides that each BSTX Participant must either 
(1) be a member of a registered clearing agency that uses a CNS system, 
or (2) clear transactions executed on the Exchange through another 
Participant that is a member of such a registered clearing agency. The 
Exchange would maintain connectivity and access to the UTC of NSCC for 
transmission of executed transactions. The proposed Rule requires a 
Participant that clears through another participant to obtain a written 
agreement, in a form acceptable to the Exchange, that sets out the 
terms of such arrangement. The proposed Rule also provides that BSTX 
transaction reports shall not reveal contra party identities and that 
transactions would be settled and cleared anonymously. In certain 
circumstances, such as for regulatory purposes, the Exchange may reveal 
the identity of a Participant or its clearing firm such as to comply 
with a court order.
    The Exchange believes that proposed Rule 25140 is consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \238\ because it would foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, 
clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and 
facilitating transactions in securities. Proposed Rule 25140 is similar 
to rules of other exchanges relating to clearance and settlement.\239\
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    \238\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \239\ See e.g., IEX Rule 11.250.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Market Making on BSTX (Rule 25200 Series)
    The BSTX Market Making Rules (Rules 25200-25240) provide for 
registration and describe the obligations of Market Makers on the 
Exchange. The proposed Market Making Rules also provide for 
registration and obligations of Designated Market Makers (``DMMs'') in 
a given Security, allocation of a DMM to a particular Security, and 
parameters for business combinations of DMMs.
    Proposed Rule 25200 sets forth the basic registration requirement 
for a BSTX Market Maker by noting that a Market Maker must enter a 
registration request to BSTX and that such registration shall become 
effective on the next trading day after the registration is entered, 
or, in the Exchange's discretion, the registration may become effective 
the day that it is entered (and the Exchange will provide notice to the 
Market Maker in such cases). The proposed Rule further provides that a 
BSTX Market Maker's registration shall be terminated by the Exchange if 
the Market Maker fails to enter quotations within five business days 
after the registration becomes effective.\240\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \240\ Proposed Rule 25200 is substantially similar to IEX Rule 
11.150.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 25210 sets forth the obligations of Market Makers, 
including DMMs. Under the proposed Rule, a BSTX Participant that is a 
Market Maker, including a DMM, is generally required to post two-sided 
quotes during the regular market session for each Security in which 
itis registered as a Market Maker.\241\ The Exchange proposes that such 
quotes must be entered within a certain percentage, called the 
``Designated Percentage,'' of the National Best Bid (Offer) price in 
such Security (or last sale price, in the event there is no National 
Best Bid (Offer)) on the Exchange.\242\ The Exchange proposes that the 
Designated Percentage would be 30%.\243\ The Exchange notes that the 
proposed Designated Percentage is substantially similar to the 
corresponding Designated Percentage for NYSE American market makers 
with respect to Tier 2 NMS stocks (as defined under the LULD 
plan).\244\ The Exchange believes that the

[[Page 49438]]

proposed Designated Percentage for quotation obligations of Market 
Makers would be sufficient to ensure that there is adequate liquidity 
sufficiently close to the National Best Bid or Offer (``NBBO'') in 
Securities and to ensure fair and orderly markets. The Exchange notes 
that pursuant to proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(iii), there is nothing to 
preclude a Market Maker from entering trading interest at price levels 
that are closer to the NBBO, so Market Makers have the ability to quote 
must closer to the NBBO than required by the Designated Percentage 
requirement if they so choose.
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    \241\ See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1).
    \242\ See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(A).
    \243\ See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(B).
    \244\ See NYSE American Rule 7.23E(a)(1)(B)(iii) (providing 
that, other than during certain time periods around the market open 
and close, the Designated Percentage for Tier 2 NMS stocks priced 
below $1.00 is 30% and for Tier 2 NMS stocks priced above $1.00 is 
28%).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes in Rule 25210(a)(4) that, in the event that 
price movements cause a Market Maker or DMM's quotations to fall 
outside of the National Best Bid (Offer) (or last sale price in the 
event there is no National Best Bid (Offer)) by a given percentage, 
with such percentage called the ``Defined Limit,'' in a Security for 
which they are a Market Maker, the Market Maker or DMM must enter a new 
bid or offer at not more than the Designated Percentage away from the 
National Best Bid (Offer) in that Security. The Exchange proposes that 
the Defined Limit shall be 31.5%.\245\ Under the proposed Rules, a 
Market Maker's quotations must be firm and automatically executable for 
their size, and, to the extent the Exchange finds that a Market Maker 
has a substantial or continued failure to meet its quotation 
obligations, such Market Maker may face disciplinary action from the 
Exchange.\246\ Under the proposed Market Maker and DMM Rules, Market 
Makers and DMMs' two-sided quotation obligations must be maintained for 
a quantity of a ``normal unit of trading'' which is defined as one 
Security.\247\ The Exchange believes that Securities may initially 
trade in smaller increments relative to other listed equities and that 
reducing the two-sided quoting increment from one round lot (i.e., 100 
shares) to one Security will be sufficient to meet liquidity demands 
and would make it easier for Market Makers and DMMs to meet their 
quotation obligations, which in turn incentivize more Market Maker 
participation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \245\ See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1)(ii)(3).
    \246\ See proposed Rule 25210(b) and (c). Pursuant to proposed 
Rule 25310(d), a BSTX Market Maker, other than a DMM, may apply for 
a temporary withdrawal from its Market Maker status provided it 
meets certain conditions such a demonstrating legal or regulatory 
requirements that necessitate its temporary withdrawal.
    \247\ See proposed Rule 25210(a)(1).
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    The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25210 is substantially 
similar to NYSE American Rule 7.23E, with the exceptions of: (i) The 
modified normal unit of trading, Designated Percentage, and Defined 
Limit (as discussed above); (ii) specifying that the minimum quotation 
increment shall be $0.01; and (iii) specifying that Market Maker 
quotations must be firm for their displayed size and automatically 
executable. The Exchange believes that the additional specifications 
with respect to the minimum quotation increment and firm quotation 
requirement will add additional clarity to the expectations of Market 
Makers on the Exchange.
    Proposed Rule 25220 sets forth the registration requirements for a 
DMM. Under proposed Rule 25220, a DMM must be a registered Market Maker 
and be approved as a DMM in order to receive an allocation of 
Securities pursuant to proposed Rule 25230, which is described 
below.\248\ For Securities in which a Participant serves as a DMM, it 
must meet the same obligations as if it were a Market Maker and must 
also maintain a bid or offer at the National Best Bid and Offer at 
least 25% of the day measured across all Securities in which such 
Participant serves as DMM.\249\ The proposed Rule provides, among other 
things, that a there will be no more than one DMM per Security and that 
a DMM must maintain information barriers between the trading unit 
operating as a DMM and the trading unit operating as a BSTX Market 
Maker in the same Security (to the extent applicable).\250\ The Rule 
further provides a process by which a DMM may temporarily withdraw from 
its DMM status, which is similar to the same process for a BSTX Market 
Maker \251\ and similar to the same process for DMMs on other 
exchanges.\252\ The Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25220 is 
substantially similar to NYSE American Rule 7.24E with the exception 
that the Exchanges proposes to add a provision stating that the 
Exchange is not required to assign a DMM if the Security has an 
adequate number of BSTX Market Makers assigned to such Security. The 
purpose of this requirement is to acknowledge the possibility that a 
Security need not necessarily have a DMM provided that each Security 
has been assigned at least three active Market Makers at initial 
listing and two Market Makers for continued listing, consistent with 
proposed Rule 26106 (Market Maker Requirement), which is discussed 
further below.
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    \248\ See proposed 25220(b). DMMs would be approved by the 
Exchange pursuant to an application process an [sic].
    \249\ See proposed Rule 25220(c).
    \250\ See proposed Rule 25220(b).
    \251\ See proposed Rule 25210(d).
    \252\ See e.g., NYSE American Rule 7.24E(b)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In proposed Rule 25230, the Exchange proposes to set forth the 
process by which a DMMs are allocated and reallocated responsibility 
for a particular Security. Proposed Rule 25230(a) sets forth the basic 
eligibility criteria for a when a Security may be allocated to a DMM, 
providing that this may occur when the Security is initially listed on 
BSTX, when it is reassigned pursuant to Rule 25230, or when it is 
currently listed without a DMM assigned to the Security.\253\ Proposed 
Rule 2530(a) also specifies that a DMM's eligibility to participate in 
the allocation process is determined at the time the interview is 
scheduled by the Exchange and specifies that a DMM must meet with the 
quotation requirements set forth in proposed Rule 25220(c) (DMM 
obligations). The proposed Rule further specifies how the Exchange will 
handle several situations in which the DMM does not meet its 
obligations, such as, for example, by issuing an initial warning 
advising of poor performance if the DMM fails to meet its obligations 
for a one-month period.\254\
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    \253\ As previously noted, pursuant to proposed Rule 26106, a 
Security may, in lieu of having a DMM assigned to it, have a minimum 
of three non-DMM Market Makers at initial listing and two non-DMM 
Market Makers for continued listing to be eligible for listing on 
the Exchange. Consequently, a Security might not have a DMM when it 
initially begins trading on BSTX, but may acquire a DMM later.
    \254\ See proposed Rule 25230(a)(4). The proposed handling of 
these scenarios where a DMM does not meet its obligations is 
substantially similar to parallel requirements in NYSE American Rule 
7.25E(a)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 25230(b) sets forth the manner in which a DMM may be 
selected and allocated a Security. Under proposed Rule 25230(b), an 
issuer may select its DMM directly, delegate the authority to the 
Exchange to selects its DMM, or may opt to proceed with listing without 
a DMM, in which case a minimum of three non-DMM Market Makers at 
initial listing and two non-DMM Market Makers for continued listing 
must be assigned to its Security consistent with proposed Rule 26106. 
Proposed Rule 25230(b) further sets forth provisions relating to the 
interview between the issuer and DMMs, the Exchange selection by 
delegation, and a requirement that a DMM serve as a DMM for a Security 
for at least one year unless compelling circumstances exist for which 
the Exchange may consider a shorter time period. Each of these

[[Page 49439]]

provisions is substantially similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE 
American Rule 7.25E(b)(1)-(3), with the exception that the Exchange may 
shorten the one year DMM commitment period in compelling 
circumstances.\255\ Proposed Rule 25230(b) further sets forth specific 
provisions related to a variety of different issuances and types of 
securities, including spin-offs or related companies, warrants, rights, 
relistings, equity Security listing after preferred Security, listed 
company mergers, target Securities, and closed-end management 
investment companies.\256\ Each of these provisions is substantially 
similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(b)(4)-
(11).
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    \255\ The Exchange believes that providing the Exchange with 
flexibility to shorten the one year commitment period is appropriate 
to accommodate unforeseen events or circumstances that might arise 
with respect to a DMM, such as a force majeure event, preventing a 
DMM from being able to carry out its functions.
    \256\ See proposed Rule 25230(b)(4)-(11).
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    Proposed Rule 25230(c) sets forth the reallocation process for a 
DMM in a manner that is substantially similarly to corresponding 
provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(c). Generally, under the 
proposed Rule, an issuer may request a reallocation to a new DMM and 
Exchange staff will review this request, along with any DMM response 
letter, and eventually make a determination.\257\ Proposed Rule 
25230(d), (e), and (f), set forth provisions governing an allocation 
freeze, allocation sunset, and criteria for applicants that are not 
currently DMMs to be eligible to be allocated a Security as a DMM 
respectively. Each of these provisions are likewise substantially 
similar to corresponding provisions in NYSE American Rule 7.25E(d)-(f).
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    \257\ In addition, proposed Rule 25230(c)(2) sets forth 
provisions that allow for the Exchange's CEO to immediately initiate 
a reallocation proceeding upon written notice to the DMM and the 
issuer when the DMM's performance in a particular market situation 
was, in the judgment of the Exchange, so egregiously deficient as to 
call into question the Exchange's integrity or impair the Exchange's 
reputation for maintaining an efficient, fair, and orderly market.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, proposed Rule 25240 sets forth the DMM combination review 
policy. The proposed Rule, among other things, defines a proposed 
combination among DMMs, requires that DMMs provide a written submission 
to the Office of the Corporate Secretary of the Exchange and specifies, 
among other things, the items to be disclosed in the written 
submission, the criteria that the Exchange will use to evaluate a 
proposed combination, and the timing for a decision by the Exchange, 
subject to the Exchange's right to extend such time period. The 
Exchange notes that proposed Rule 25240 is substantially similar to 
NYSE American Rule 7.26E.
    The Exchange believes that the proposed Market Making Rules set 
forth in the Rule 25200 Series are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of 
the Exchange Act \258\ because they are designed to promote just and 
equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination 
with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities, and to 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system. The Exchange notes that the 
proposed Rules are substantially similar to the market making rules of 
other exchanges, as detailed above,\259\ and that all BSTX Participants 
are eligible to become a Market Maker or DMM provided they comply with 
the proposed requirements.\260\ The proposed Market Maker Rules set 
forth the quotation and related expectations of BSTX Market Makers 
which the Exchange believes will help ensure that there is sufficient 
liquidity in Securities. Although the corresponding NYSE American rules 
upon which the proposed Rules are based provide for multiple tiers and 
classes of stocks that were each associated with a different Designated 
Percentage and Defined Limit, the Exchange has collapsed all such 
classes in to one category and provided a single Designated Percentage 
of 30% and Defined Limit of 31.5% for all Security trading on BSTX. The 
Exchange believes that simplifying the Rules in this manner can reduce 
the potential for confusion and allows for easier compliance and will 
still adequately serve the liquidity needs of investors of Security 
investors, which the Exchange believes promotes the removal of 
impediments to and perfection of the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of 
the Exchange Act.\261\
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    \258\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \259\ See NYSE American Rule 7, Section 2.
    \260\ In this regard, the Exchange believes the proposed Market 
Making Rules are not designed to permit unfair discrimination 
between BSTX Participants, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \261\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange has also proposed that the minimum quotation size of 
Market Makers will be one Security. As noted above, the Exchange 
believes that Securities may initially trade in smaller increments 
relative to other listed equities and that reducing the two-sided 
quoting increment from one round lot (i.e., 100 shares) to one Security 
would be sufficient to meet liquidity demands and would make it easier 
for Market Makers and DMMs to meet their quotation obligations, which 
in turn incentivize more Market Maker participation. The Exchange 
believes that adopting quotation requirements and parameters that are 
appropriate for the nature and types of securities that will trade on 
the Exchange will promote the protection of investors and the public 
interest by assuring that the Exchange Rules are appropriately tailored 
to its market.
BSTX Listing Rules Other Than for Exchange Traded Products and 
Suspension and Delisting Rules (Rule 26000 and 27000 Series)
    The BSTX Listing Rules Other than for Exchange Traded Products (the 
``Non-ETP Listing Rules'') in the Rule Series 26000 and the Suspension 
and Delisting Rules in the Rule 27000 Series have been adapted from, 
and are substantially similar to, Parts 1-12 of the NYSE American LLC 
Company Guide.\262\ Except as described below, each proposed Rule in 
the BSTX 26000 and 27000 Series is substantially similar to a Section 
of the NYSE American Company Guide.\263\ Below is further detail.
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    \262\ All references to various ``Sections'' in the discussion 
of these Listing Rules refer to the various Sections of the NYSE 
American Company Guide.
    \263\ The Exchange notes that while the numbering of BSTX's 
Listing Rules generally corresponds to a Section of the NYSE 
American LLC Company Guide, BSTX did not integrate certain Sections 
of the NYSE American Company Guide that the Exchange deemed 
inapplicable to its operations, such as with respect to types of 
securities which the Exchange is not proposing to make eligible for 
listing (i.e., bonds, debentures, securities of foreign companies 
(other than Canadian companies), investment trusts, and securities 
such as equity-linked term notes). The Exchange also proposes to 
modify cross-references in the proposed Non-ETP Listing Rules to 
accord with its Rules.
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     The BSTX Rule 26100 Series are based on the NYSE American 
Original Listing Requirements (Sections 101-146).\264\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \264\ Pursuant to proposed Rule 26136, all securities initially 
listing on BSTX, except securities which are book-entry only, must 
be eligible for a Direct Registration Program operated by a clearing 
agency registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act. 15 U.S.C. 
78q-1.
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     The BSTX Original Listing Procedures (26200 Series) are 
based on the NYSE American Original Listing Procedures (Sections 201-
222).
     The BSTX Additional Listings Rules (26300 Series) are 
based on the NYSE American Additional Listings Sections (Sections 301-
350).
     The BSTX Disclosure Policies (26400 Series) are based on 
the NYSE American Disclosure Policies (Sections 401-404).
     The BSTX Dividends and Splits Rules (26500 Series) are 
based on the

[[Page 49440]]

NYSE American Dividends and Stock Splits Sections (Sections 501-522).
     The BSTX Accounting; Annual and Quarterly Reports Rules 
(26600 Series) are based on the NYSE American Accounting; Annual and 
Quarterly Reports Sections (Sections 603-624).
     The BSTX Shareholders' Meetings, Approval and Voting of 
Proxies Rules (26700 Series) are based on the NYSE American 
Shareholders' Meetings, Approval and Voting of Proxies Sections 
(Sections 701-726).\265\
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    \265\ The Exchange notes that the proposed fees for certain 
items in the proposed Listing Rules (e.g., proxy follow-up mailings) 
are the same as those charged by NYSE American. See e.g., proposed 
IM-26722-8 cf. NYSE American Section 722.80.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     The BSTX Corporate Governance Rules (26800 Series) are 
based on the NYSE American Corporate Governance Sections (Sections 801-
809).
     The BSTX Additional Matters Rules (26900 Series) are based 
on the NYSE American Additional Matters Sections (Sections 920-994).
     The BSTX Suspension and Delisting Rules (27000 Series) are 
based on the NYSE American Suspension and Delisting Sections (Sections 
1001-1011).
     The BSTX Guide to Filing Requirements (27100 Series) are 
based on the NYSE American Guide to Filing Requirements (Section 1101).
     The BSTX Procedures for Review of Exchange Listing 
Determinations (27200 Series) are based on the NYSE American Procedures 
for Review of Exchange Listing Determinations (Sections 1201-1211).
    Notwithstanding that the proposed Rule 26000 and 27000 Series are 
substantially similar to those of other exchanges, BSTX proposes 
certain additions or modifications to these rules specific to its 
market. For example, BSTX proposes to add definitions that apply to the 
proposed BSTX Rule 26000 and 27000 Series. The definitions set forth in 
proposed Rule 26000 are designed to facilitate understanding of these 
Rule Series by market participants. Increased clarity may serve to 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system and may also foster cooperation and 
coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, 
processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions 
in securities, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act.\266\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \266\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to initial listing standards for non-ETP Securities, 
which begin at proposed Rule 26101, the Exchange proposes to adopt 
listing standards that are substantially similar to the NYSE American 
listing rules.\267\ The Exchange believes that adopting listing rules 
similar to those in place on other national securities exchanges will 
facilitate more uniform standards across exchanges, which helps foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, 
clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and 
facilitating transactions in securities, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\268\ Market participants that are already 
familiar with NYSE American's listing standards will already be 
familiar with most of the substance of the proposed listing rules. The 
Exchange also believes that adopting proposed listing standards that 
closely resemble those of NYSE American may also foster competition 
among listing exchanges for companies seeking to publicly list their 
securities. The Exchange is proposing an addition (relative to the NYSE 
American listing rules) to the initial listing standards for preferred 
Securities.\269\ Specifically, the Exchange proposes an additional 
standard for preferred Securities to list on the Exchange based on 
NASDAQ Rule 5510.\270\ The Exchange believes a proposed rule providing 
an additional initial listing standard for preferred Securities 
consistent with a similar provision of NASDAQ would expand the possible 
universe of issuances that would be eligible to list on the Exchange to 
include preferred Securities. The Exchange believes that such a rule 
would help remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free 
and open market and a national market system, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act by giving issuers an additional means by 
which it could list a different type of security (i.e., a preferred 
Security) and investors the opportunity to trade in such preferred 
Securities.\271\ Further, consistent with the public interest, rules 
that provide more opportunity for listings may promote competition 
among listing exchanges and capital formation for issuers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \267\ See NYSE American Section 101. The Exchange understands 
that the Commission has extended relief to NYSE American with 
respect to certain quantitative listing standards that do not meet 
the thresholds of SEC Rule 3a51-1. 17 CFR 240.3a51-1. Initial 
listings of securities that do not meet such thresholds and are not 
subject to the relief provided to NYSE American would qualify as 
``penny stocks'' and would be subject to additional regulation. BSTX 
notes that it is not seeking relief related to SEC Rule 3a51-1 and 
therefore has clarified proposed Rule 26101(a)(2) to ensure that 
issuers have at least one year of operating history. BSTX will also 
require new listings pursuant to proposed Rule 26102 to have a 
public distribution of 1 million Securities, 400 public Security 
holders, and a minimum market price of $4 per Security. These 
provisions meet the requirements in SEC Rule 3a51-1 and are 
consistent with the rules of other national securities exchanges. 
See, e.g., Nasdaq Rule 5510. The quantitative thresholds specified 
in Rule 26102 are also reflected in the Sample Underwriter's Letter 
that has been submitted as Exhibit 3L to this proposal. In addition, 
the Exchange notes that proposed Rule 26140, which governs the 
additional listing requirements of a company that is affiliated with 
the Exchange, is based on similar provisions in NYSE American Rule 
497 and IEX 14.205.
    \268\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \269\ See proposed Rule 26103.
    \270\ See proposed Rule 26103(b)(2). Preferred Security 
Distribution Standard 2 requires that a preferred Security listing 
satisfy the following conditions: Minimum bid price of at least $4 
per Security; at least 10 Round Lot holders; at least 200,000 
Publicly Held Securities; and Market Value of Publicly Held 
Securities of at least $3.5 million.
    \271\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to the definitions in proposed Rule 26000, these are 
designed to facilitate understanding of the BSTX Non-ETP Listing Rules 
by market participants. The Exchange believes that allowing market 
participants to better understand and interpret the BSTX Non-ETP 
Listing Rules removes impediments to and perfects the mechanism of a 
free and open market and a national market system, and may also foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, 
clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and 
facilitating transactions in securities, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\272\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \272\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange also proposes certain enhancements to the notice 
requirements for listed companies to communicate to BSTX related to 
record dates and defaults.\273\ The Exchange believes that these 
additional disclosure and communication obligations can help BSTX in 
monitoring for listed company compliance with applicable rules and 
regulations; such additional disclosure obligations are designed to 
prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just 
and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and 
coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, 
processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions 
in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a 
free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to 
protect investors and the public interest, consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\274\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \273\ See Proposed Rule 26502, which requires, among other 
things, a listing company to give the Exchange at least ten days' 
notice in advance of a record date established for any other 
purpose, including meetings of shareholders.
    \274\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange's proposed Rules provide additional flexibility for 
listed

[[Page 49441]]

companies in choosing how liquidity would be provided in their listings 
by allowing listed companies to meet either the DMM Requirement or 
Active Market Maker Requirement for initial listing and continued 
trading.\275\ Pursuant to proposed Rule 26205, a company may choose to 
be assigned a DMM by the Exchange or to select its own DMM.\276\ 
Alternatively, a company may elect, or the Exchange may determine, 
that, in lieu of a DMM, a minimum of three (3) market makers would be 
assigned to the Security at initial listing; such requirement may be 
reduced to two (2) market makers following the initial listing, 
consistent with proposed Rule 26106. The Exchange believes that such 
additional flexibility would promote the removal of impediments to and 
perfection of the mechanism of a free and open market and a national 
market system, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act.\277\ The Commission has previously approved exchange rules 
providing for three market makers to be assigned to a particular 
security upon initial listing and only two for continued listing.\278\ 
In accordance with these previously approved rules, the Exchange 
believes proposed Rule 26205 would ensure fair and orderly markets and 
would facilitate the provision of sufficient liquidity for Securities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \275\ See proposed Rule 26205. BSTX-listed Securities must meet 
the criteria specified in proposed Rule 26106, which provides that 
unless otherwise provided, all Securities listed pursuant to the 
BSTX Listing Standards must meet one of the following requirements: 
(1) The DMM Requirement whereby a DMM must be assigned to a given 
Security; or (2) the Active Market Maker Requirement which states 
that (i) for initial inclusion the Security must have at least three 
registered and active Market Makers, and (ii) for continued listing, 
a Security must have at least two registered and active Market 
Makers, one of which may be a Market Maker entering a stabilizing 
bid.
    \276\ Exchange personnel responsible for managing the listing 
and onboarding process would be responsible for determining to which 
DMM a Security would be assigned. As provided in proposed Rule 
26205, the Exchange makes every effort to see that each Security is 
allocated in the best interests of the company and its shareholders, 
as well as that of the public and the Exchange. Similarly, the 
Exchange anticipates that these same personnel would be responsible 
for answering questions relating to the Exchange's listing rules 
pursuant to proposed Rule 26994 (New Policies). The Exchange notes 
that certain provisions in the NYSE American Listing Manual 
contemplate a ``Listing Qualifications Analyst'' that would perform 
a number of these functions. The Exchange is not proposing to adopt 
provisions that specifically contemplate a ``Listing Qualifications 
Analyst,'' but expects to have personnel that will perform the same 
basic functions, such as advising issuers and prospective issuers 
with respect to relevant rules related to listing.
    \277\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \278\ See e.g., IEX Rule 14.206.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange also proposes a number of other non-substantive 
changes from the baseline NYSE American listing rules, such as to 
eliminate references to the concept of a ``specialist,'' since BSTX 
will not have a specialist,\279\ or references to certificated 
equities, since Securities will be uncertificated equities.\280\ As 
another example, NYSE American Section 623 requires that three copies 
of certain press releases be sent to the exchange, while the Exchange 
proposes only that a single copy of such press release be shared with 
the Exchange.\281\ In addition, the Exchange proposes to adopt Rule 
26720 in a manner that is substantially similar to NYSE American 
Section 720, but proposes to modify the internal citations to ensure 
consistency with its proposed Rulebook.\282\ In its proposed Rules, the 
Exchange has not included certain form letters related to proxy rules 
that are included in the NYSE American rules; \283\ instead, these 
forms will be included in the BSTX Listing Supplement.\284\ The 
Exchange is not proposing to adopt provisions relating to future priced 
securities at this time.\285\ In addition, the Exchange is not 
proposing to allow for listing of foreign companies, other than 
Canadian companies,\286\ or to allow for issuers to transfer their 
existing securities to BSTX.\287\ Similarly, the Exchange is not 
proposing at this time to support debt securities (other than those 
that may be ETPs), so the Exchange has not proposed to adopt certain 
provisions from the NYSE American Listing Manual related to bonds/debt

[[Page 49442]]

securities \288\ or the trading of units.\289\ The Exchange believes 
that the departures from the NYSE American rules upon which the 
proposed Rules are based, as described above, are non-substantive 
(e.g., by not including provisions relating to instruments that will 
not trade on the Exchange), would apply to all issuers in the same 
manner and are therefore not designed to permit unfair discrimination, 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\290\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \279\ See e.g., NYSE American Section 513(f), noting that open 
orders to buy and open orders to sell on the books of a specialist 
on an ex rights date are reduced by the cash value of the rights. 
Proposed Rule 26340(f) deletes this provision because BSTX will not 
have specialists. Similarly, because BSTX will not have specialists, 
the Exchange is not proposing to adopt a parallel rule to NYSE 
American Section 516, which specifies that certain types of orders 
are to be reduced by a specialist when a security is quoted ex-
dividend, ex-distribution or ex-rights are set forth in NYSE 
American Rule 132.
    \280\ See e.g., NYSE American Section 117 including a clause 
relating to paired securities for which ``the stock certificates of 
which are printed back-to-back on a single certificate''). 
Similarly, the Exchange has proposed to replace certain references 
to the ``Office of General Counsel'' contained in certain NYSE 
American Listing Rule (see e.g., Section 1205) with references to 
the Exchange's ``Legal Department'' to accommodate differences in 
BSTX's organizational structure. See proposed Rule 27204. As another 
example, proposed Rule 27205 refers to the Exchange's ``Hearing 
Committee'' as defined in Section 6.08 of the Exchange's By-Laws to 
similarly accommodate organizational differences between the 
Exchange and NYSE American.
    \281\ See proposed Rule 26623.
    \282\ Specifically, proposed Rule 26720 would provide that 
participants must comply with Rules 26720 through 26725 and BSTX's 
Rule 22020 (Forwarding of Proxy and Other Issuer-Related Materials; 
Proxy Voting). NYSE American Section 726, upon which proposed Rule 
26720 is based, includes cross-references to NYSE American's 
corresponding rules to proposed Rules 26720 through 26725, and also 
includes cross-references to NYSE American Rules 578 through 585, 
for which the Exchange is not proposing corresponding rules. These 
NYSE American rules for which the Exchange is not proposing to adopt 
a parallel rule relate to certain requirements specific to proxy 
voting (e.g., requiring that a member state the actual number of 
shares for which a proxy is given--NYSE American Rule 578) or, in 
some cases, relate to certificated securities (e.g., NYSE American 
Rule 579), which would be inapplicable to the Exchange since it 
proposes to only list uncertificated securities. The Exchange 
believes that it does not need to propose to adopt parallel rules 
corresponding to NYSE American Rules 578-585 at this time and notes 
that other listing exchanges do not appear have corresponding 
versions of these NYSE American Rules. See e.g., Cboe BZX Rules. The 
Exchange believes that proposed Rule 26720 and the Exchange's other 
proposed Rules governing proxies, including those referenced in 
proposed Rule 26720, are sufficient to govern BSTX Participants' 
obligations with respect to proxies.
    \283\ The forms found in NYSE American Section 722.20 and 722.40 
would be included in the BSTX Listing Supplement.
    \284\ The BSTX Listing Supplement would contain samples of 
letters containing the information and instructions required 
pursuant to the proxy rules to be given to clients in the 
circumstances indicated in the appropriate heading. These are 
intended to serve as examples and not as prescribed forms. 
Participants would be permitted to adapt the form of these letters 
for their own purposes provided all of the required information and 
instructions are clearly enumerated in letters to clients. Pursuant 
to proposed Rule 26212, the BSTX Listing Supplement would also 
include a sample application for original listing, which the 
Exchange has submitted as Exhibit 3G. In addition, proposed Rule 
26350 states that the BSTX Listing Supplement will include a sample 
cancellation notice; the Exchange expects such notice to be 
substantially in the same form as NYSE American's sample notice in 
NYSE American Section 350. Other examples of items that would appear 
in the BSTX Listing Supplement include certain certifications to be 
completed by the CEO of listed companies pursuant to proposed Rule 
26810(a) and (c), and forms of letters to be sent to clients 
requesting voting instructions and other letters relating to proxy 
votes pursuant to proposed IM-26722-2 and IM-26722-4. The Exchange 
expects that these proposed materials in the BSTX Listing Supplement 
would be substantially similar to the corresponding versions of such 
samples used by NYSE American. The purpose of putting these sample 
letters and other information into the BSTX Listing Supplement 
rather than directly in the rules is to improve the readability of 
the Rules.
    \285\ See e.g., NYSE American Section 101, Commentary .02. The 
Exchange is also not proposing to adopt a parallel provision to NYSE 
American Section 950 (Explanation of Difference between Listed and 
Unlisted Trading Privileges) because the Exchange believes that such 
provision is not necessary and contains extraneous historical 
details that are not particularly relevant to the trading of 
Securities. The Exchange notes that numerous other listing exchanges 
do not have a similar provision to NYSE American Section 950. See 
e.g., IEX Listing Rules.
    \286\ See proposed Rule 26109. Because the Exchange does not 
propose to allow foreign issuers of Securities, it does not propose 
to adopt a parallel provision to NYSE American Section 110 and other 
similar provisions relating to foreign issuers--e.g., NYSE American 
Section 801(f).
    \287\ Consequently, the Exchange does not propose to adopt a 
parallel provision to NYSE American Section 113 at this time.
    \288\ See e.g., NYSE American Sections 1003(b)(iv) and (e).
    \289\ See e.g., NYSE American Sections 106(f), 401(i), and 
1003(g).
    \290\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes in Rule 26507 to prohibit the issuance of 
fractional Securities and to provide that cash must be paid in lieu of 
any distribution or part of a distribution that might result in 
fractional interests in Securities.\291\ The Exchange believes that 
disallowing fractional shares reduces complexity. By extension, the 
requirement to provide cash in lieu of fractional shares simplifies the 
process related to share transfer and tracking of share ownership. The 
Exchange believes that this simplification promotes just and equitable 
principles of trade, fosters cooperation and coordination with persons 
engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with 
respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, removes 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system, and, in general, protects investors and the 
public interest, consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act.\292\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \291\ The Exchange also proposes certain conforming changes in 
Rule 26503 (Form of Notice) to reiterate that fractional interests 
in Securities are not permitted by the Exchange.
    \292\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed BSTX Rule 26130 (Original Listing Applications) would 
require listing applicants to furnish a legal opinion that the 
applicant's Security is a security under applicable United States 
securities laws. Such a requirement provides assurance to the Exchange 
that Security trading relates to appropriate asset classes. The 
Exchange believes that this Rule promotes just and equitable principles 
of trade and, in general, protects investors and the public interest, 
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\293\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \293\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to adopt corporate governance listing 
standards as its Rule 26800 Series that are substantially similar to 
the corporate governance listing standards set forth in Part 8 of the 
NYSE American Listing Manual. However, it includes certain 
clarifications, most notably that certain proposed provisions are not 
intended to restrict the number of terms that a director may serve 
\294\ and that, if a limited partnership is managed by a general 
partner rather than a board of directors, the audit committee 
requirements applicable to the listed entity should be satisfied by the 
general partner.\295\ The Exchange also notes that, unlike the current 
NYSE American rules upon which the proposed Rules are based, the 
proposed Rules on corporate governance do not include provisions on 
asset-backed securities and foreign issues (other than those from 
Canada), since the Exchange does not proposed to allow for such foreign 
issuers to list on BSTX at this time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \294\ See proposed Rule 26802(d).
    \295\ See proposed Rule 26801(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to adopt additional listing rules as its Rule 
26900 Series that are substantially similar to the corporate governance 
listing standards set forth in Part 9 of the NYSE American Listing 
Manual. The only significant difference from the baseline NYSE American 
rules is that the proposed BSTX Rules do not include provisions related 
to certificated securities, since Securities listed on BSTX will be 
uncertificated.
    The Exchange proposes to adopt suspension and delisting rules as 
its Rule 27000 Series that are substantially similar to the corporate 
governance listing standards set forth in Parts 10, 11, and 12 of the 
NYSE American Listing Manual. The proposed rules do not include 
concepts from the baseline NYSE American rules regarding foreign, fixed 
income securities, or other non-equity securities because the Exchange 
is not proposing to allow for listing of such securities at this 
time.\296\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \296\ As with all sections of the proposed rules, references to 
``securities'' have been changed to ``Securities'' where appropriate 
and, in the Rule 27000 Series, certain references have been 
conformed from the baseline NYSE American provisions to account for 
the differences in governance structure and naming conventions of 
BSTX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposals in the Rule 26800 to Rule 
27000 Series, which are based on the rules of NYSE American with the 
differences explained above, are designed to foster cooperation and 
coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in 
securities, remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free 
and open market and a national market system, and, in general to 
protect investors and the public interest. Further, the differences in 
the proposals compared to the analogous NYSE American provisions 
appropriately reflect the differences between the two exchanges. The 
Exchange believes that ensuring that its systems are appropriately 
described in the BSTX Rules facilitates market participants' review of 
such Rules, which serves to remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system by 
ensuring that market participants can easily navigate, understand and 
comply with the Exchange's rulebook. Therefore, the Exchange believes 
its proposals are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange 
Act.\297\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \297\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trading and Listing Rules for Exchange-Trade Products (Rule 28000 
Series)
    The Exchange proposes as the Rule 28000 Series rules related to 
trading and listing ETPs. These proposed Rules allow for an array of 
different types of ETPs to be traded and listed on the Exchange and 
would provide individuals and institutions with diverse range of 
products in which to invest. The proposed Rules would set forth 
requirements and initial as well as continued listing standards for a 
variety of ETPs noted in the bulleted list below. The proposed Rules 
have been adapted from, and are substantially similar to, rules found 
in the NYSE Arca Inc. (``NYSE Arca'') rulebook. Below is a list of the 
proposed Rules in the 28000 Series and the NYSE Arca rules on which it 
is based:
     Proposed Rule 28000 (Investment Company Units) is based on 
NYSE Arca Rule 5.2-E(j)(3).
     Proposed Rule 28001 (Equity Index-Linked Securities, 
Commodity-Linked Securities, Currency-Linked Securities, Fixed Income 
Index-Linked Securities, Futures-Linked Securities and Multifactor 
Index-Linked Securities) is based on NYSE Arca Rule 5.2-E(j)(6).
     Proposed Rule 28002 (Exchange-Traded Fund Shares) is based 
on NYSE Arca Rule 5.2-E(j)(8).
     Proposed Rule 28003 (Trust Issued Receipts) is based on 
NYSE Arca Rule 8.200-E.
     Proposed Rule 28004 (Commodity-Based Trust Shares) is 
based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.201-E.
     Proposed Rule 28005 (Managed Fund Shares) is based on NYSE 
Arca Rule 8.600-E.
     Proposed Rule 28006 (Active Proxy Portfolio Shares) is 
based on NYSE Arca Rule 8.601-E.
     Proposed Rule 28007 (Managed Portfolio Shares) is based on 
NYSE Arca Rule 8.900-E.

[[Page 49443]]

    For each Rule in the 28000 Series, the Exchange proposes provisions 
that are substantially similar to provisions in the NYSE Arca rulebook, 
with adjustments made to ensure appropriate reference to concepts in 
other parts of the BSTX Rulebook. For example, in cases where the 
precedent NYSE Arca rule referred to a specific provision regarding 
delisting procedures, the Exchange has modified the proposed Rules to 
reference to the proposed Rule 27000 Series, which set forth the 
Exchange's proposed Rules governing suspension and delisting.\298\ As 
another example, the proposed definition of ``ETP Holder,'' which 
closely parallels the same definition in the NYSE Arca Rulebook, but is 
located in a different place in the proposed BSTX Rulebook as compared 
to the NYSE Arca rulebook.\299\ In addition, certain products or 
concepts that are supported by NYSE Arca but are not supported by the 
Exchange have not been included in the proposal. For example, the 
Exchange notes that the NYSE Arca rulebook provides for trading of a 
Nasdaq-100 Index product, Currency Trust Shares, and Commodity Index 
Trust Shares,\300\ whereas the Exchange will not support trading in 
these specific ETPs and therefore has not included provisions relating 
to the listing and trading of such products in its proposal. The 
discussion below describes other notable variations from the NYSE Arca 
rules set forth in the proposed Rule Series 28000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \298\ As another example, the concept of ``Core Trading Hours'' 
in the NYSE Arca Rulebook (as defined therein) has no analog in the 
BSTX Rulebook. The BSTX Rulebook only allows for Regular Trading 
Hours and thus the proposal references the concept of Regular 
Trading Hours.
    \299\ See proposed IM-28000-1g. In the NYSE Arca rule book, the 
comparable definition is set forth in NYSE Arca Rulebook Rule 1.
    \300\ Specifically, Section 2 of Rule 8-E in the NYSE Arca 
rulebook allows for trading of a Nasdaq-100 Index product, Currency 
Trust Shares, and Commodity Index Trust Shares.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposals in the Rule 28000 Series 
help remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system, and, in general promote the 
protecting of investors and the public interest because they will 
facilitate an additional exchange on which ETPs can be listed and 
traded. This adds competition to the marketplace for the listing of 
ETPs, providing greater choice for issuers of ETPs and an additional 
trading venue on which market participants can trade such products. As 
noted, the proposed Rule 28000 Series is substantially similar to the 
rules of NYSE Arca relating to ETPs, with only non-substantive 
differences, which differences appropriately reflect the differences 
between the two exchanges (e.g., internal cross-references within each 
rule book or excluding provisions related to products that the Exchange 
will not support).
Fees (Rule 29000 Series)
    The Exchange proposes to set forth as its Rule 29000 Series (Fees) 
the Exchange's authority to prescribe reasonable dues, fees, 
assessments or other charges as it may deem appropriate. As provided in 
proposed Rule 29000 (Authority to Prescribe Dues, Fees, Assessments and 
Other Charges), these fees may include membership dues, transaction 
fees, communication and technology fees, regulatory fees, and other 
fees, which will be equitably allocated among BSTX Participants, 
issuers, and other persons using the Exchange's facilities.\301\ 
Proposed Rule 29010 (Regulatory Revenues) generally provides that any 
revenues received by the Exchange from fees derived from its regulatory 
function or regulatory fines will not be used for non-regulatory 
purposes or distributed to the stockholder, but rather, shall be 
applied to fund the legal and regulatory operations of the Exchange 
(including surveillance and enforcement activities).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \301\ Proposed Rule 29000 further provides authority for the 
Exchange to charge BSTX Participants a regulatory transaction fee 
pursuant to Section 31 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78ee) and that 
the Exchange will set forth fees pursuant to publicly available 
schedule of fees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 29000 Series (Fees) is 
consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because these 
proposed rules are designed to protect investors and the public 
interest by setting forth the Exchange's authority to assess fees on 
BSTX Participants, which would be used to operate the BSTX System and 
surveil BSTX for compliance with applicable laws and rules. The 
Exchange believes that the proposed Rule 29000 Series (Fees) is also 
consistent with Sections 6(b)(3) of the Exchange Act \302\ because the 
proposed Rules specify that all fees assessed by the Exchange shall be 
equitably allocated among BSTX Participants, issuers and other persons 
using the Exchange's facilities. The Exchange notes that the proposed 
Rule 29000 Series is substantially similar to the existing rules of 
another exchange.\303\ The Exchange intends to submit a proposed rule 
change to the Commission setting forth the proposed fees relating to 
trading on BSTX and market data products in advance of the launch of 
BSTX.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \302\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \303\ See Cboe BZX Rules 15.1 and 15.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Minor Rule Violation Plan
    The Exchange's disciplinary rules, including Exchange Rules 
applicable to ``minor rule violations,'' are set forth in the Rule 
12000 Series of the Exchange's current Rules. Such disciplinary rules 
would apply to BSTX Participants and their associated persons pursuant 
to proposed Rule 24000. The Exchange's Minor Rule Violation Plan 
(``MRVP'') specifies those uncontested minor rule violations with 
sanctions not exceeding $2,500 that would not be subject to the 
provisions of Rule 19d-1(c)(1) under the Exchange Act \304\ requiring 
that an SRO promptly file notice with the Commission of any final 
disciplinary action taken with respect to any person or 
organization.\305\ The Exchange's MRVP includes the policies and 
procedures set forth in Exchange Rule 12140 (Imposition of Fines for 
Minor Violations).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \304\ 17 CFR 240.19d-1(c)(1).
    \305\ The Commission adopted amendments to paragraph (c) of Rule 
19d-1 to allow SROs to submit for Commission approval plans for the 
abbreviated reporting of minor disciplinary infractions. See 
Exchange Act Release No. 21013 (June 1, 1984), 49 FR 23828 (June 8, 
1984). Any disciplinary action taken by an SRO against any person 
for violation of a rule of the SRO which has been designated as a 
minor rule violation pursuant to such a plan filed with and declared 
effective by the Commission will not be considered ``final'' for 
purposes of Section 19(d)(1) of the Exchange Act if the sanction 
imposed consists of a fine not exceeding $2,500 and the sanctioned 
person has not sought an adjudication, including a hearing, or 
otherwise exhausted his administrative remedies.
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    The Exchange proposes to amend its MRVP and Rule 12140 to include 
proposed Rule 24010 (Penalty for Minor Rule Violations). The Rules 
included in proposed Rule 24010 as appropriate for disposition under 
the Exchange's MRVP are: (a) Rule 20000 (Maintenance, Retention and 
Furnishing of Records); (b) Rule 25070 (Audit Trail); (c) Rule 
25210(a)(1) (Two-Sided Quotation Obligations of BSTX Market Makers); 
and Rule 25120 (Short Sales). The rules included in proposed Rule 12140 
are the same as the rules included in the MRVPs of other 
exchanges.\306\ Upon implementation of this proposal, the Exchange will 
include the enumerated trading rule violations in the Exchange's 
standard quarterly report of actions taken on minor rule violations 
under the MRVP. The quarterly report includes: The Exchange's internal 
file number for the case, the name of the individual and/or 
organization, the nature of the violation, the specific rule provision 
violated, the sanction imposed, the

[[Page 49444]]

number of times the rule violation has occurred, and the date of 
disposition. The Exchange's MRVP, as proposed to be amended, is 
consistent with Sections 6(b)(1), 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(6) of the Exchange 
Act,\307\ which require, in part, that an exchange have the capacity to 
enforce compliance with, and provide appropriate discipline for, 
violations of the rules of the Commission and of the exchange. In 
addition, because amended Rule 12140 will offer procedural rights to a 
person sanctioned for a violation listed in proposed Rule 24010, the 
Exchange will provide a fair procedure for the disciplining of members 
and associated persons, consistent with Section 6(b)(7) of the Exchange 
Act.\308\
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    \306\ See e.g., IEX Rule 9.218 and Cboe BZX Rule 8.15.01.
    \307\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1), 78f(b)(5) and 78f(b)(6).
    \308\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(7).
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    This proposal to include the rules listed in Rule 24010 in the 
Exchange's MRVP is consistent with the public interest, the protection 
of investors, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the 
Exchange Act, as required by Rule 19d-1(c)(2) under the Exchange 
Act,\309\ because it should strengthen the Exchange's ability to carry 
out its oversight and enforcement responsibilities as an SRO in cases 
where full disciplinary proceedings are unsuitable in view of the minor 
nature of the particular violation. In requesting the proposed change 
to the MRVP, the Exchange in no way minimizes the importance of 
compliance with Exchange Rules and all other rules subject to the 
imposition of fines under the MRVP. However, the MRVP provides a 
reasonable means of addressing rule violations that do not rise to the 
level of requiring formal disciplinary proceedings, while providing 
greater flexibility in handling certain violations. The Exchange will 
continue to conduct surveillance with due diligence and make a 
determination based on its findings, on a case-by-case basis, whether a 
fine of more or less than the recommended amount is appropriate for a 
violation under the MRVP or whether a violation requires a formal 
disciplinary action.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \309\ 17 CFR 240.19d-1(c)(2).
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Amendments to Existing BOX Rules
    Due to the new BSTX trading facility and the introduction of 
trading in Securities= [sic] on the Exchange, the Exchange proposes to 
amend those Exchange Rules that would apply to BSTX Participants, but 
that currently only contemplate trading in options. Therefore, the 
Exchange is seeking to amend the following Exchange Rules, each of 
which is set forth in Exhibit 5B submitted with the proposal:
     Rule 100(a) (Definitions) ``Options Participant'' or 
``Participant'': The Exchange proposes to change the definition of 
``Options Participant or Participant'' to ``Participant'' to reflect 
Options Participants and BSTX Participants and to amend the definition 
as follows: ``The term `Participant' means a firm, or organization that 
is registered with the Exchange pursuant to the Rule 2000 Series for 
purposes of participating in trading on a facility of the Exchange and 
includes an `Options Participant' and `BSTX Participant.' ''
     Rule 100(a) (Definitions) ``Options Participant'': The 
Exchange proposes to add a definition of ``Options Participant'' that 
would be defined as follows: ``The term `Options Participant' is a 
Participant registered with the Exchange for purposes of participating 
in options trading on the Exchange.'' \310\
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    \310\ In addition, as a result of these new defined terms, the 
Exchange proposes to renumber definitions set forth in Rule 100(a) 
to keep the definitions in alphabetically order.
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     Rule 2020(g)(2) (Participant Eligibility and 
Registration): The Exchange proposes to delete subsection (g)(2) and 
replace it with the following: ``(2) persons associated with a 
Participant whose functions are related solely and exclusively to 
transactions in municipal securities; (3) persons associated with a 
Participant whose functions are related solely and exclusively to 
transactions in commodities; (4) persons associated with a Participant 
whose functions are related solely and exclusively to transactions in 
securities futures, provided that any such person is appropriately 
registered with a registered futures association; and (5) persons 
associated with a Participant who are restricted from accessing the 
Exchange and that do not engage in the securities business of the 
Participant relating to activity that occurs on the Exchange.'' \311\
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    \311\ In addition to revising Rule 2020(g)(2) to broaden it to 
include securities activities beyond just options trading, the 
Exchange proposes to add greater specificity to define persons that 
are exempt from registration, consistent with the approach adopted 
by other exchanges. See e.g., IEX Rule 2.160(m).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Rule 2060 (Revocation of Participant Status or Association 
with a Participant): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 2060 to refer 
to ``securities transactions'' rather than ``options securities 
transactions.''
     Rule 3180(a) (Mandatory Systems Testing): The Exchange 
proposes to amend subsection (a)(1) of Rule 3180 to also include BSTX 
Participants, in addition to the categories of Market Makers and OFPs.
     Rule 7130(a)(2)(v) Execution and Price/Time Priority: The 
Exchange proposes to update the cross reference to Rule 100(a)(58) to 
refer to Rule 100(a)(59), which defines the term ``Request for Quote'' 
or ``RFQ'' under the Rules after the proposed renumbering.
     Rule 7150(a)(2) (Price Improvement Period): The Exchange 
proposes to amend Rule 7150(a)(2) to update the cross reference to the 
definition of a Professional in Rule 100(a)(51) to instead refer to 
Rule 100(a)(52), which is where that term would be defined in the Rules 
after the proposed renumbering.
     Rule 7230 (Limitation of Liability): The Exchange proposes 
to amend the references in Rule 7230 to ``Options Participants'' to 
simply ``Participants.''
     Rule 7245(a)(4) (Complex Order Price Improve Period): The 
Exchange proposes to update the cross reference to Rule 100(a)(51) to 
refer to Rule 100(a)(52), which defines the term ``Professional'' after 
the proposed renumbering.
     IM-8050-3: The Exchange proposes to update the cross 
reference to Rule 100(a)(56) to refer to Rule 100(a)(57), which defines 
the term ``quote'' or ``quotation'' after the proposed renumbering.
     Rule 11010(a) ``Investigation Following Suspension'': The 
Exchange proposes to amend subsection (a) of Rule 11010 to remove the 
reference to ``in BOX options contracts'' and to modify the word 
``position'' with the word ``security'' as follows: ``. . . the amount 
owing to each and a complete list of each open long and short security 
position maintained by the Participant and each of his or its 
Customers.''
     Rule 11030 (Failure to Obtain Reinstatement): The Exchange 
proposes to amend Rule 11030 to replace the reference to ``Options 
Participant'' to simply ``Participant.''
     Rule 12140 (Imposition of Fines for Minor Rule 
Violations): The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 12140 to replace 
references to ``Options Participant'' to simply ``Participant.'' In 
addition, the Exchange proposes to add paragraph (f) to Rule 12140, to 
incorporate the aforementioned modifications to the Exchange's MRVP. 
New paragraph (f) of Rule 12140 would provide: ``(f) Transactions on 
BSTX. Rules and penalties relating to trading on BSTX that are set 
forth in Rule 24010 (Penalty for Minor Rule Violations).''
    The Exchange believes that the proposed amendments to the 
definitions set forth in Rule 100 are consistent with

[[Page 49445]]

Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act \312\ because they protect 
investors and the public interest by setting forth clear definitions 
that help BOX and BSTX Participants understand and apply Exchange 
Rules. Without defining terms used in the Exchange Rules clearly, 
market participants could be confused as to the application of certain 
rules, which could cause harm to investors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \312\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed amendments to the other 
Exchange Rules detailed above are consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of 
the Exchange Act \313\ because the proposed rule change is designed to 
foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in 
facilitating transactions in securities, remove impediments to and 
perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market 
system, and, in general to protect investors and the public interest. 
The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change would remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system by ensuring that market participants can 
easily navigate, understand and comply with the Exchange's rulebook. 
The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change enables the 
Exchange to continue to enforce the Exchange's rules. The Exchange 
notes that none of the proposed changes to the current Exchange 
rulebook would materially alter the application of any of those Rules, 
other than by extending them to apply to BSTX Participants and trading 
on the BSTX System. As such, the proposed amendments would foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating 
transactions in securities and would remove impediments to and perfect 
the mechanism of a free and open market and a national exchange system. 
Further, the Exchange believes that, by ensuring the rulebook 
accurately reflects the intention of the Exchange's rules, the proposed 
rule change reduces potential investor or market participant confusion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \313\ Id.
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Forms To Be Used in Connection With BSTX
    In connection with the operation of BSTX, the Exchange proposes to 
uses a series of new forms to facilitate becoming a BSTX Participant 
and for issuers to list their Securities. These forms have been 
submitted with the proposal as Exhibits 3A-3L. Each are described 
below.
BSTX Participant Application
    Pursuant to proposed Rule 18000(b), in order to become a BSTX 
Participant, an applicant must complete a BSTX Participant Application, 
which has been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3A. The proposed 
BSTX Participant Application requires the applicant to provide certain 
basic information such as identifying the applicants name and contact 
information, Designated Examining Authority, organizational structure, 
and Central Registration Depository (``CRD'') number. The BSTX 
Participant Application also requires applicants to provide additional 
information including certain beneficial ownership information, the 
applicant's current Form BD, an organization chart, a description of 
how the applicant receives orders from customers, how it will send 
orders to BSTX, and a copy of written supervisory procedures and 
information barrier procedures.
    In addition, the BSTX Participant Application allows applicants to 
indicate whether they are applying to be a BSTX Market Maker or a 
Designated Market Maker. Applicants wishing to become a BSTX Market 
Maker or Designated Market Maker must provide certain additional 
information including a list of each of the applicant's trading 
representatives (including a copy of each representative's Form U4), a 
copy of the applicant's written supervisory procedures relating to 
market making, a description of the source and amount of the 
applicant's capital, and information regarding the applicant's other 
business activities and information barrier procedures.
BSTX Participant Agreement
    Pursuant to Exchange Rule 18000(b), to transact business on BSTX, 
prospective BSTX Participants must complete a BSTX Participant 
Agreement. The BSTX Participant Agreement has been submitted with the 
proposal as Exhibit 3B. The BSTX Participant Agreement provides that a 
BSTX Participant must agree with the Exchange as follows:
    1. Participant agrees to abide by the Rules of the Exchange and 
applicable bylaws, as amended from time to time, and all circulars, 
notices, interpretations, directives and/or decisions adopted by the 
Exchange.
    2. Participant acknowledges that BSTX Participant and its 
associated persons are subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the 
Exchange.
    3. Participant authorizes the Exchange to make available to any 
governmental agency or SRO any information it may have concerning the 
BSTX Participant or its associated persons, and releases the Exchange 
from any and all liability in furnishing such information.
    4. Participant acknowledges its obligation to update any and all 
information contained in any part of the BSTX Participant's 
application, including termination of membership with another SRO.
    These provisions of the BSTX Participant Agreement and others 
therein are generally designed to reflect the Exchange's SRO 
obligations to regulate BSTX Participants. Accordingly, these 
provisions contractually bind a BSTX Participant to comply with 
Exchange rules, acknowledge the Exchange's oversight and jurisdiction, 
authorize the Exchange to disclose information regarding the 
Participant to any governmental agency or SRO and acknowledge the 
obligation to update any and all Application contained in the 
Participant's application.
BSTX User Agreement
    In order to become a BSTX Participant, prospective participants 
must also execute a BSTX User Agreement pursuant to proposed Rule 
18000(b). The BSTX User Agreement, submitted with the proposal as 
Exhibit 3C, includes provisions related to the term of the agreement, 
compliance with exchange rules, right and obligations under the 
agreement, changes to BSTX, proprietary rights under the agreement, use 
of information received under the relationship, disclaimer of warranty, 
limitation of liability, indemnification, termination and assignment. 
The information is necessary to outline the rights and obligations of 
the prospective Participant and the Exchange under the terms of the 
agreement. Both the BSTX Participant Agreement and BSTX User Agreement 
will be available on the Exchange's website (https://boxoptions.com">boxoptions.com).
BSTX Security Market Designated Market Maker Selection Form
    In accordance with proposed Rule 25230(b)(1), BSTX will maintain 
the BSTX Security Designated Market Maker Selection Form, which has 
been submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3D. The issuer may select 
its DMM from among a pool of DMMs eligible to participate in the 
process. Within two business days of the issuer selecting its DMM, it 
will use the BSTX Security Market Designated Market Maker Selection 
form to notify BSTX of the selection. The form must be signed by a duly 
authorized officer as specified in proposed Rule 25230(b)(1).

[[Page 49446]]

Clearing Authorization Forms
    In accordance with proposed Rule 18010, BSTX Participants that are 
not members/participants of a registered clearing agency must clear 
their transactions through a BSTX Participant that is a member of a 
registered clearing agency. A BSTX Participant clearing through another 
BSTX Participant would do so using, as applicable, either the BSTX 
Clearing Authorization (non-Market Maker) form (submitted with the 
proposal as Exhibit 3E) or the BSTX Participant Clearing Authorization 
(Market Maker) form (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3F). Each 
form would be maintained by BSTX and each form specifies that the BSTX 
Participant clearing on behalf of the other BSTX Participant accepts 
financial responsibility for all transactions on BSTX that are made by 
the BSTX Participant designated on the form.
BSTX Listing Applications
    The Exchange proposes to specify the required forms of listing 
application, listing agreement and other documentation that listing 
applicants and listed companies must execute or complete (as 
applicable) as a prerequisite for initial and ongoing listing on the 
Exchange, as applicable (collectively, ``listing documentation''). As 
proposed, the listing forms are substantially similar to those 
currently in use by NYSE American LLC, with certain differences to 
account for the trading of Securities. All listing documentation will 
be available on the Exchange's website (https://boxoptions.com">boxoptions.com). Each of the 
listing documents form a duly authorized representative of the company 
must sign an affirmation that the information provided is true and 
correct as of the date the form was signed. In the event that in the 
future the Exchange makes any substantive changes (including changes to 
the rights, duties, or obligations of a listed company or listing 
applicant or the Exchange, or that would otherwise require a rule 
filing) to such documents, it will submit a rule filing in accordance 
with Rule 19b-4.\314\
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    \314\ The Exchange will not submit a rule filing if the changes 
made to a document are solely typographical or stylistic in nature.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pursuant to Rule 26130 and 26300 of the Exchange Rules, a company 
must file and execute the BSTX Original Listing Application (submitted 
with the proposal as Exhibit 3G) or the BSTX Additional Listing 
Application (submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3H) to apply for 
the listing of Securities on BSTX.\315\ The BSTX Original Listing 
Application provides information necessary, and in accordance with 
Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act,\316\ for Exchange regulatory staff 
to conduct a due diligence review of a company to determine if it 
qualifies for listing on the Exchange. The BSTX Additional Listing 
Application requires certain further information for an additional 
listing of Securities. Relevant factors regarding the company and 
securities to be listed would determine the type of information 
required. The following describes each category and use of application 
information:
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    \315\ Pursuant to proposed Exchange Rule 26130, an applicant 
seeking the initial listing of its Security must also provide a 
legal opinion that the applicant's Security is a security under 
applicable United States securities laws.
    \316\ 15 U.S.C. 78l(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. Corporate information regarding the issuer of the security to be 
listed, including company name, address, contact information, Central 
Index Key Code (CIK), SEC File Number, state and country of 
incorporation, date of incorporation, whether the company is a foreign 
private issuer, website address, SIC Code, CUSIP number of the security 
being listed and the date of fiscal year end. This information is 
required of all applicants and is necessary in order for the Exchange's 
regulatory staff to collect basic company information for recordkeeping 
and due diligence purposes, including review of information contained 
in the company's SEC filings.
    2. For original listing applications only, corporate contact 
information including the company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief 
Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary, General Counsel and Investor 
Relations Officer. This information is required of all initial 
applicants and is necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory 
staff to collect current company contact information for purposes of 
obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a 
listing qualification review of the applicant.
    3. For original listing applications only, offering and security 
information regarding an offering, including the type of offering, a 
description of the issue, par value, number of Securities outstanding 
or offered, total Securities unissued, but reserved for issuance, date 
authorized, purpose of Securities to be issued, number of Securities 
authorized, and information relating to payment of dividends. This 
information is required of all applicants listing Securities on the 
Exchange, and is necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory staff 
to collect basic information about the offering.
    4. For original listing applications only, information regarding 
the company's transfer agent. Transfer agent information is required 
for all applicants. This information is necessary in order for the 
Exchange's regulatory staff to collect current contact information for 
such company transfer agent for purposes of obtaining any additional 
due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of 
the applicant.
    5. For original listing applications only, contact information for 
the outside counsel with respect to the listing application, if any. 
This information is necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory 
staff to collect applicable contact information for purposes of 
obtaining any additional due diligence information to complete a 
listing qualification review of the applicant and assess compliance 
with Exchange Rule 26130.
    6. For original listing applications only, a description of any 
security preferences. This information is necessary to determine 
whether the Applicant issuer has any existing class of common stock or 
equity securities entitling the holders to differential voting rights, 
dividend payments, or other preferences.
    7. For original listing applications only, type of Security 
listing, including the type of transaction (initial public offering of 
a Security, merger, spin-off, follow on offering, reorganization, 
exchange offer or conversion) and other details related to the 
transaction, including the name and contact information for the 
investment banker/financial advisor contacts. This information is 
necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory staff to collect 
information for such company for purposes of obtaining any additional 
due diligence information to complete a listing qualification review of 
the applicant.
    8. For original listing applications only, exchange requirements 
for listing consideration. This section notes that to be considered for 
listing, the Applicant Issuer must meet the Exchange's minimum listing 
requirements, that the Exchange has broad discretion regarding the 
listing of any Security and may deny listing or apply additional or 
more stringent criteria based on any event, condition or circumstance 
that makes the listing of an Applicant Issuer's Security inadvisable or 
unwarranted in the opinion of the Exchange. The section also notes that 
even if an Applicant Issuer meets the Exchange's listing standards for 
listing on the BSTX Security Market, it does not necessarily mean that 
its application will be

[[Page 49447]]

approved. This information is necessary in order for the Exchange's 
regulatory staff to assess whether an Applicant Issuer is qualified for 
listing.
    9. For original listing applications only, regulatory review 
information, including a certification that no officer, board member or 
non-institutional shareholder with greater than 10% ownership of the 
company has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor relating to 
financial issues during the past ten years or a detailed description of 
any such matters. This section also notes that the Exchange will review 
background materials available to it regarding the aforementioned 
individuals as part of the eligibility review process. This regulatory 
review information is necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory 
staff to assess whether there are regulatory matters related to the 
company that render it unqualified for listing.
    10. For original listing applications only, supporting 
documentation required prior to listing approval includes a listing 
agreement, corporate governance affirmation, listing application 
checklist and underwriter's letter. This documentation is necessary in 
order to support the Exchange's regulatory staff listing qualification 
review (corporate governance affirmation, listing application checklist 
and underwriter's letter) and to effectuate the listed company's 
agreement to the terms of listing (listing agreement).
    11. For additional listing applications only, transaction details, 
including the purpose of the issuance, total Securities, date of board 
authorization, date of shareholder authorization and anticipated date 
of issuance. This information is required of all applicants listing 
additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary in order for 
the Exchange's regulatory staff to collect basic information about the 
offering.
    12. For additional listing applications only, insider participation 
and future potential issuances, including whether any director, officer 
or principal shareholder of the company has a direct or indirect 
interest in the transaction, and if the transaction potentially 
requires the company to issue any Securities in the future above the 
amount they are currently applying for. This information is required of 
all applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is 
necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory staff to collect basic 
information about the offering.
    13. For additional listing applications only, information for a 
technical original listing, including reverse Security splits and 
changes in states of incorporation. This information is required of all 
applicants listing additional Securities on the Exchange, and is 
necessary in order for the Exchange's regulatory staff to collect basic 
information about the offering.
    14. For additional listing applications only, information for a 
forward Security split or Security dividend, including forward Security 
split ratios and information related to Security dividends. This 
information is required of all applicants listing additional Securities 
on the Exchange, and is necessary in order to determine the rights 
associated with the Securities.
    15. For additional listing applications only, relevant company 
documents. This information is required of all applicants listing 
additional Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary to assess to 
support the Exchange's regulatory staff listing qualification review.
    16. For additional listing applications only, reconciliation for 
technical original listing, including Securities issued and outstanding 
after the technical original event, listed reserves previously approved 
for listing, and unlisted reserves not yet approved by the Exchange. 
This information is required of all applicants listing additional 
Securities on the Exchange, and is necessary to assess to support the 
Exchange's regulatory staff listing qualification review and to obtain 
all of the information relevant to the offering.
Checklist for Original Listing Application
    In order to assist issuers seeking to list its Securities on BSTX, 
the Exchange has provided a checklist for issuers to seeking to file an 
original listing application with BSTX. The BSTX Listing Application 
Checklist, submitted with the proposal as Exhibit 3I, provides that 
issuers must provide BSTX with a listing application, listing 
agreement, corporate governance affirmation, underwriter's letter (for 
an initial public offering of a Security only) and relevant SEC filings 
(e.g., 8-A, 10, 40-F, 20-F). Each of the above referenced forms are 
fully described herein. The checklist is necessary to assist issuers 
and the Exchange regulatory staff in assessing the completion of the 
relevant documents.
BSTX Security Market Listing Agreement
    Pursuant to proposed Exchange Rule 26132, to apply for listing on 
the Exchange, a company must execute the BSTX Security Market Listing 
Agreement (the ``Listing Agreement''), which has been submitted with 
this proposal as Exhibit 3J. Pursuant to the proposed Listing 
Agreement, a company agrees with the Exchange as follows:
    1. Company certifies that it will comply with all Exchange rules, 
policies, and procedures that apply to listed companies as they are now 
in effect and as they may be amended from time to time, regardless of 
whether the Company's organization documents would allow for a 
different result.
    2. Company shall notify the Exchange at least 20 days in advance of 
any change in the form or nature of any listed Securities or in the 
rights, benefits, and privileges of the holders of such Securities.
    3. Company understands that the Exchange may remove its Securities 
from listing on the BSTX Security Market, pursuant to applicable 
procedures, if it fails to meet one or more requirements of Paragraphs 
1 and 2 of this agreement.
    4. In order to publicize the Company's listing on the BSTX Security 
Market, the Company authorizes the Exchange to use the Company's 
corporate logos, website address, trade names, and trade/service marks 
in order to convey quotation information, transactional reporting 
information, and other information regarding the Company in connection 
with the Exchange. In order to ensure the accuracy of the information, 
the Company agrees to provide the Exchange with the Company's current 
corporate logos, website address, trade names, and trade/service marks 
and with any subsequent changes to those logos, trade names and marks. 
The Listing Agreement further requires that the Company specify a 
telephone number to which questions regarding logo usage should be 
directed.
    5. Company indemnifies the Exchange and holds it harmless from any 
third-party rights and/or claims arising out of use by the Exchange or, 
any affiliate or facility of the Exchange (``Corporations'') of the 
Company's corporate logos, website address, trade names, trade/service 
marks, and/or the trading symbol used by the Company.
    6. Company warrants and represents that the trading symbol to be 
used by the Company does not violate any trade/service mark, trade 
name, or other intellectual property right of any third party. The 
Company's trading symbol is provided to the Company for the limited 
purpose of identifying the Company's security in authorized quotation 
and trading systems. The Exchange reserves the right to change the 
Company's trading symbol at the Exchange's discretion at any time.

[[Page 49448]]

    7. Company agrees to furnish to the Exchange on demand such 
information concerning the Company as the Exchange may reasonably 
request.
    8. Company agrees to pay when due all fees associated with its 
listing of Securities on the BSTX Security Market, in accordance with 
the Exchange's Rules.
    9. Company agrees to file all required periodic financial reports 
with the SEC, including annual reports and, where applicable, quarterly 
or semi-annual reports, by the due dates established by the SEC.
    The various provisions of the Listing Agreement are designed to 
accomplish several objectives. First, clauses 1-3 and 6-8 reflect the 
Exchange's SRO obligations to assure that only listed companies that 
are compliant with applicable Exchange rules may remain listed. Thus, 
these provisions contractually bind a listed company to comply with 
Exchange rules, provide notification of any corporate action or other 
event that will cause the company to cease to be in compliance with 
Exchange listing requirements, evidence the company's understanding 
that it may be removed from listing (subject to applicable procedures) 
if it fails to be in compliance or notify the Exchange of any event of 
noncompliance, furnish the Exchange with requested information on 
demand, pay all fees due and file all required periodic reports with 
the SEC. Clauses four and five contain standard legal representations 
and agreements from the listed company to the Exchange regarding use of 
its logo, trade names, trade/service markets, and trading symbols as 
well as potential legal claims against the Exchange in connection 
thereto.
BSTX Security Market Company Corporate Governance Affirmation
    In accordance with the proposed Rule 26800 Series, companies listed 
on BSTX would be required to comply with certain corporate governance 
standards, relating to, for example, audit committees, director 
nominations, executive compensation, board composition, and executive 
sessions. In certain circumstances the corporate governance standards 
that apply vary depending on the nature of the company. In addition, 
there are phase-in periods and exemptions available to certain types of 
companies. The proposed BSTX Security Market Corporate Governance 
Affirmation, submitted with this proposal as Exhibit 3K, enables a 
company to confirm to the Exchange that it is in compliance with the 
applicable standards, and specify any applicable phase-ins or 
exemptions. Companies are required to submit a BSTX Security Market 
Corporate Governance Affirmation upon initial listing on the Exchange 
and thereafter when an event occurs that makes an existing form 
inaccurate. This BSTX Security Market Corporate Governance Affirmation 
assists the Exchange regulatory staff in monitoring listed company 
compliance with the corporate governance requirements.
Sample Underwriter's Letter
    In accordance with proposed Rule 26101, an initial public offering 
of a Security must meet certain listing requirements. The Exchange 
seeks to require the issuer's underwriter to execute a letter setting 
forth the details of the offering, including the name of the offering 
and why the offering meets the criteria of the BSTX rules. This 
information, set forth in the proposed Sample Underwriter's Letter and 
submitted with this proposal as Exhibit 3L, is necessary to assist the 
Exchange's regulatory staff in assessing the offering's compliance with 
BSTX listing standards for an initial public offering of a Security.
Regulation
    In connection with the operation of BSTX, the Exchange will 
leverage many of the structures it established to operate a national 
securities exchange in compliance with Section 6 of the Exchange 
Act.\317\ Specifically, the Exchange will extend its Regulatory 
Services Agreement with FINRA to cover BSTX Participants and trading on 
the BSTX System. This Regulatory Services Agreement will govern many 
aspects of the regulation and discipline of BSTX Participants, just as 
it does for options regulation. The Exchange will perform Security 
listing regulation, authorize BSTX Participants to trade on the BSTX 
System, and conduct surveillance of Security trading on the BSTX 
System.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \317\ 15 U.S.C. 78f.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Section 17(d) of the Exchange Act \318\ and the related Exchange 
Act rules permit SROs to allocate certain regulatory responsibilities 
to avoid duplicative oversight and regulation. Under Exchange Act Rule 
17d-1,\319\ the SEC designates one SRO to be the Designated Examining 
Authority, or DEA, for each broker-dealer that is a member of more than 
one SRO. The DEA is responsible for the financial aspects of that 
broker-dealer's regulatory oversight. Because Exchange Participants, 
including BSTX Participants, also must be members of at least one other 
SRO, the Exchange would generally not be designated as the DEA for any 
of its members.\320\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \318\ 15 U.S.C. 78q(d).
    \319\ 17 CFR 240.17d-1.
    \320\ See Exchange Rule 2020(a) (requiring that a Participant be 
a member of another registered national securities exchange or 
association).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Rule 17d-2 under the Exchange Act \321\ permits SROs to file with 
the Commission plans under which the SROs allocate among each other the 
responsibility to receive regulatory reports from, and examine and 
enforce compliance with specified provisions of the Exchange Act and 
rules thereunder and SRO rules by, firms that are members of more than 
one SRO (``common members''). If such a plan is declared effective by 
the Commission, an SRO that is a party to the plan is relieved of 
regulatory responsibility as to any common member for whom 
responsibility is allocated under the plan to another SRO. The Exchange 
plans to join the Plan for the Allocation of Regulatory 
Responsibilities Regarding Regulation NMS.\322\ The Exchange may choose 
to join certain Rule 17d-2 agreements such as the agreement allocating 
responsibility for insider trading rules.\323\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \321\ 17 CFR 240.17d-2.
    \322\ Exchange Act Release No. 85046 (February 4, 2019), 84 FR 
2643 (February 7, 2019).
    \323\ Exchange Act Release No. 84392 (October 10, 2018), 83 FR 
52243 (October 16, 2018).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For those regulatory responsibilities that fall outside the scope 
of any Rule 17d-2 agreements that the Exchange may join, subject to 
Commission approval, the Exchange will retain full regulatory 
responsibility under the Exchange Act. However, as noted, the Exchange 
will extend its existing Regulatory Services Agreement with FINRA to 
provide that FINRA personnel will operate as agents for the Exchange in 
performing certain regulatory functions with respect to BSTX. As is the 
case with the Exchange's options trading platform, the Exchange will 
supervise FINRA and continue to bear ultimate regulatory responsibility 
for BSTX. Consistent with the Exchange's existing regulatory structure, 
the Exchange's Chief Regulatory Officer shall have general supervision 
of the regulatory operations of BSTX, including responsibility for 
overseeing the surveillance, examination, and enforcement functions and 
for administering all regulatory services agreements applicable to 
BSTX. Similarly, the Exchange's existing Regulatory Oversight Committee 
will be responsible for overseeing the adequacy and effectiveness of 
Exchange's regulatory and self-regulatory organization 
responsibilities, including

[[Page 49449]]

those applicable to BSTX. Finally, as it does with options, the 
Exchange will perform automated surveillance of trading on BSTX for the 
purpose of maintaining a fair and orderly market at all times and 
monitor BSTX to identify unusual trading patterns and determine whether 
particular trading activity requires further regulatory investigation 
by FINRA.
    In addition, the Exchange will oversee the process for determining 
and implementing trade halts, identifying and responding to unusual 
market conditions, and administering the Exchange's process for 
identifying and remediating ``clearly erroneous trades'' pursuant to 
proposed Rule 25110.
NMS Plans
    The Exchange intends to join the Order Execution Quality Disclosure 
Plan, the Plan to Address Extraordinary Market Volatility, the Plan 
Governing the Process of Selecting a Plan Processor, and the applicable 
plan(s) for consolidation and dissemination of market data. The 
Exchange is already a participant in the NMS plan related to the 
Consolidated Audit Trail. Consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Exchange Act,\324\ the Exchange believes that joining the same set of 
NMS plans that all other national securities exchanges that trade 
equities must join fosters cooperation and coordination with other 
national securities exchanges and other market participants engaged in 
regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, 
and facilitating transactions in securities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \324\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change is consistent 
with the provisions of the Exchange Act,\325\ in general and with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\326\ in particular, in that it is 
designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster 
cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, 
clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and 
facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and 
perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market 
system, and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest; 
and it is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between 
customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers, or to regulate by virtue of 
any authority conferred by this title matters not related to the 
purposes of this title or the administration of the Exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \325\ 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.
    \326\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that BSTX will benefit individual investors, 
other market participants, and the equities market generally. The 
Exchange proposes to establish BSTX as a facility of the Exchange that 
would trade equities in a similar manner to how equities presently 
trade on other exchanges. BSTX would also make available to BSTX 
Participants the BSTX Market Data Blockchain, which provides certain 
order and transaction information with respect to a BSTX Participant's 
trading activity on BSTX, as well as anonymized order and transaction 
data with respect to all trading activity occurring on BSTX. The 
Exchange believes that the content of information available on the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain would generally be similar to TAQ data made 
available by NYSE today, except that (i) the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain would use a private, permissioned network controlled by the 
Exchange to make the market data available to BSTX Participants; (ii) a 
BSTX Participant would be able to certain see non-anonymized 
information about its own trading activity on BSTX; \327\ and (iii) the 
BSTX Market Data Blockchain would include market data only with respect 
to trading activity occurring on BSTX, while the Exchange understands 
that TAQ data includes certain trading and quotation data that may 
occur on other markets.\328\ The Exchange believes that the use of 
blockchain technology, through a private permissioned network 
accessible through an API that operates in manner that is fully 
compatible with the existing regulatory structures for trading, 
recordkeeping, and clearance and settlement that market participants 
are familiar with is an appropriate way to introduce blockchain to the 
current market structure. BSTX Participants would not have affirmative 
obligations to provide information to the blockchain nor would they be 
required to access or use it. The data inputs to the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain would be captured in the ordinary course as BSTX 
Participants' orders and messages are sent to the Exchange through the 
FIX gateway. The BSTX Market Data Blockchain, therefore, would be 
optional functionality available to all BSTX Participants on equal 
terms, and therefore is not unfairly discriminatory, consistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act.\329\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \327\ All non-anonymized information would be available only to 
the BSTX Participant who provided such information to the Exchange 
through its trading activity on BSTX.
    \328\ See e.g., NYSE, Daily TAQ Fact Sheet, (noting that TAQ 
data ``provides users access to all trades and quotes for all issues 
traded on NYSE, Nasdaq and the regional exchanges for a single 
trading day'' and is ``a comprehensive history of daily activity 
from NYSE markets and the U.S. Consolidated Tape covering U.S. 
Equities instruments (CTA and UTP participating markets'') https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_Fact_Sheet.pdf.
    \329\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange has proposed to make anonymized General Market Data on 
the BSTX Market Data Blockchain available to both BSTX Participants and 
non-BSTX Participants through the same means of an API. Accordingly, 
the Exchange believes that because General Market Data available on the 
BSTX Market Data Blockchain would be available to both BSTX and non-
BSTX Participants, the BSTX Market Data Blockchain is not unfairly 
discriminatory and does not impose a burden on competition, consistent 
with Sections 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act.\330\ Non-BSTX 
Participants would not be provided access to any Participant 
Proprietary Data to protect the private trading information of each 
BSTX Participant (and each BSTX Participant would only have access to 
its own Participant Proprietary Data), which the Exchange believes is 
consistent with Sections 6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act 
because providing the Participant Proprietary Data of a given BSTX 
Participant to non-BSTX Participants (or other BSTX Participants) would 
unfairly discriminate against the BSTX Participant whose information is 
being shared and could place that BSTX Participant at an unfair 
competitive disadvantage if its order and trading information were 
shared with other market participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \330\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5) and (8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, because the BSTX Market Data Blockchain only captures 
information with respect to trading activity on BSTX, it would have no 
effect or impact on other exchanges, promoting consistency with Section 
6(b)(8) of the Exchange Act, which prohibits an exchange's rules from 
imposing a burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the Exchange Act.\331\ The entry of an innovative 
competitor such as BSTX seeking to implement a measured introduction of 
blockchain technology in connection with the trading of equity 
securities may promote competition by encouraging other market 
participants to find ways of using blockchain technology in connection 
with securities transactions. The proposed regulation of BSTX and BSTX 
Participants, as well as the execution of

[[Page 49450]]

Securities using a price-time priority model and the clearance and 
settlement of Securities pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures 
of a registered clearing agency will all operate in a manner 
substantially similar to existing equities exchanges. In this way, the 
Exchange believes that BSTX provides a robust regulatory structure that 
protects investors and the public interest while introducing the use of 
blockchain technology as an additional feature in connection with 
Securities traded on the Exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \331\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In connection with the clearance and settlement of Securities 
pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing 
agency, the Exchange proposes that BSTX Participants would be able to 
include in their orders in Securities that are submitted to BSTX 
certain parameters to indicate a preference for settlement on a same 
day (T+0) or next trading day (T+1) basis when certain conditions are 
met.\332\ Any such orders would at the time of order entry represent 
orders that would be regular-way and would be presumed to settle on a 
T+2 basis just like any other order submitted by a BSTX Participant 
that does not include a parameter indicating a preference for faster 
settlement. As described in greater detail above, however, an Order 
with a T+0 Preference or an Order with a T+1 Preference would only 
result in executions that would actually settle more quickly than on a 
T+2 basis if, and only if, all of the conditions in Rule 25060(h) are 
met and the execution that is transmitted to NSCC is eligible for T+0 
or T+1 settlement under the rules, policies and procedures of a 
registered clearing agency.\333\ Any such preference included by a BSTX 
Participant would only become operative if the order happens to execute 
against another order from a BSTX Participant that also includes a 
parameter indicating a preference for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \332\ See proposed Rule 25060(h).
    \333\ See proposed Rule 25100(d).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the proposed ability for BSTX 
Participants to indicate a preference for shorter settlement times as 
described above is consistent with the Exchange Act and in particular 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act because it would help remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
is not designed to permit unfair discrimination between or among market 
participants.\334\ Specifically, allowing for BSTX Participants to 
potentially reduce the settlement time for transactions on BSTX 
pursuant to the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing 
agency helps remove impediments to and perfects a free and open market 
by allowing greater choice for BSTX Participants who may want to avail 
themselves of currently available functionality at registered clearing 
agencies. Moreover, the Commission has previously noted a number of 
positive effects relating to the liquidity risks and costs faced by 
members in a clearing agency, and the Exchange believes that this 
proposed functionality on BSTX would help realize such positive 
effects.\335\ Proposed Rule 25060(h) is not designed to permit unfair 
discrimination between market participants consistent with Section 
6(b)(5) \336\ because the Rule would allow all orders that are 
marketable against one another--regardless of the settlement preference 
of the BSTX Participant submitting the order (or their customer)--to 
execute against each other. A BSTX Participant that would like 
settlement of T+2 could still interact with orders on BSTX that 
indicate a preference for a shorter settlement cycle and vice-versa 
and, in all cases, the trade would settle pursuant to the rules, 
policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. Only where two 
orders that both indicate a preference for a shorter settlement cycle 
match on BSTX would a shorter settlement cycle be possible pursuant to 
the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \334\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \335\ See supra notes 75-78 and accompanying text.
    \336\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will 
result in any burden on competition that is not necessary or 
appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act.\337\ 
The Exchange operates in an intensely competitive global marketplace 
for transaction services. The Exchange competes for the privilege of 
providing market services to broker-dealers through the Exchange's 
service offerings and associated benefits it is able to provide. The 
Exchange's ability to compete in this environment is based in large 
part on the quality of its trading systems, the overall quality of its 
market and its attractiveness to market participants who evaluate the 
Exchange on, among other things, speed, reliability, the likelihood and 
costs of executions, as well as spreads, fairness, and transparency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \337\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes that the primary areas where the proposed 
rule change could potentially result in a burden on competition are 
with regard to the terms on which: (1) Issuers may list their 
securities for trading, (2) market participants may access BSTX as a 
facility of the Exchange and use its services including the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain, (3) Security transactions may be cleared and settled, 
(4) Security transactions would occur OTC (5) Security transactions 
would occur on other exchanges through an extension of UTP to 
Securities.
    Regarding considerations (1) and (2), and as described in detail in 
Item 3 above, the BSTX Rules are drawn substantially from the existing 
rules of other exchanges that the Commission has already found to be 
consistent with the Exchange Act, including regarding whether they 
impose any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate 
in furtherance of its purposes. For example, the BSTX Non-ETP Listing 
Rules in the 26000 Series and Suspension and Delisting Rules in the 
27000 Series that affect issuers and their ability to list Securities 
for trading are based substantially on the current rules of NYSE 
American. Additionally, the BSTX Trading and Listing of ETPs Rules in 
the 28000 Series that concern issuers and their ability to list 
Securities that are exchange-traded products are based substantially on 
the current rules of NYSE Arca. Additionally, the BSTX Rules regarding 
membership and access to and use of the facilities of BSTX are also 
substantially based on existing exchange rules. Specifically, the 
relevant BSTX Rules are as follows: Participation on BSTX (Rule 18000 
Series); business conduct for BSTX Participants (Rule 19000 Series); 
financial and operational rules for BSTX Participants (Rule 20000 
Series); supervision (Rule 21000 Series); miscellaneous provisions 
(Rule 22000 Series); trading practices (Rule 23000 Series); discipline 
and summary suspension (Rule 24000 Series); trading (Rule 25000 
Series); market making (Rule 25200 Series); and dues, fees, 
assessments, and other charges (Rule 28000 [sic] Series). As described 
in detail in Item 3, these rules are substantially based on analogous 
rules of the following exchanges, as applicable: BOX; Investors 
Exchange LLC; Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.; The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; and 
NYSE American LLC.
    Regarding consideration (2) and use of the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain, the terms on which BSTX would operate

[[Page 49451]]

the BSTX Market Data Blockchain under Rule 17020 would apply equally to 
all BSTX Participants (and non-BSTX Participants accessing anonymized 
General Market Data) and would therefore not impose any different 
burden on one BSTX Participant compared to another (or between and 
among non-BSTX Participants). As described in detail in Item 3, BSTX 
would issue login credentials to each BSTX Participant or non-BSTX 
Participant through which users may access the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain. Accessing the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would not be 
required. If a BSTX Participant chooses to access the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain, it would be able to see its order and transaction 
information on BSTX as well as anonymized General Market Data from 
other BSTX Participants and a non-BSTX Participant would only be able 
to see the anonymized General Market Data. Because the General Market 
Data would be anonymized, the Exchange believes that there would not be 
cause for concern regarding potential trading information leakage or 
the ability for a BSTX Participant to reverse engineer another BSTX 
Participant's trading strategies.\338\ Moreover, the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain would not require any affirmative action on the part of a 
BSTX Participant for its information to be recorded to the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain. Rather the Exchange would control all aspects of the 
BSTX Market Data Blockchain as a private, permission-based blockchain 
accessible to BSTX Participants, and the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
would capture order and execution activity that occurs in the normal 
course on BSTX and is made available to BSTX Participants (and non-BSTX 
Participants with respect to anonymized General Market Data) as an 
additional resource that they may use in their discretion. The BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain would functionally provide market data similarly 
to what NYSE offers through TAQ data, but would simply provide it using 
distributed ledger technology. Accordingly, although capturing a 
different set of market data than captured by NYSE TAQ data, the BSTX 
Market Data Blockchain is pro-competitive by offering a similar type of 
market data and using an innovative technology to do so. For these 
reasons, the Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
would not impose any burden on competition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \338\ Non-BSTX Participants accessing the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain would have access to the same anonymized General Market 
Data as BSTX Participants. While a non-BSTX Participant would be 
treated differently than a BSTX Participant in that they would not 
be able to access any proprietary market data of a BSTX Participant, 
the reason for this difference is to prevent a non-BSTX Participant 
from being able to see the confidential trading information of a 
BSTX Participant. If the Exchange were to provide non-BSTX 
Participants with access to one or more BSTX Participants' 
proprietary market data, the Exchange would impose an undue burden 
on competition against BSTX Participants whose confidential trading 
information would be shared. Accordingly, non-BSTX Participants may 
only access anonymized, General Market Data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to not imposing any burden on competition, the Exchange 
believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would provide two primary 
benefits to BSTX Participants. First, the Exchange believes that BSTX 
Participants that choose to access the BSTX Market Data Blockchain may 
find the information useful as a focused source of market data 
regarding order and transaction information on BSTX.\339\ Second, the 
Exchange believes that the BSTX Market Data Blockchain would help 
familiarize BSTX Participants that access the market data with the 
capabilities of blockchain technology in a manner that does not impose 
any burden on competition on them or others. The Commission has stated 
that it is ``mindful of the benefits of increasing use of new 
technologies for investors and the markets, and has encouraged 
experimentation and innovation . . .'' stating further that 
``[i]nformation and communications technologies are critical to healthy 
and efficient primary and secondary markets.'' \340\ Regarding the 
judgment of whether the benefits of certain technologies are 
meritorious, the Commission has explained its view that ``[t]he market 
will ultimately prove the worth of technology--whether the benefits to 
the industry and its investors of developing and using new services are 
greater than the associated costs.'' \341\ Consistent with these 
statements, the Exchange believes that promoting use of the 
functionality of blockchain technology through the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain will allow BSTX Participants to observe and increase their 
familiarity with the capabilities and potential benefits of blockchain 
technology in a context that operates within the current equity market 
infrastructure and thereby advances and protects the public's interest 
in the use and development of new data processing techniques that may 
create opportunities for more efficient, effective and safe securities 
markets.\342\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \339\ For example, a BSTX Participant may wish to use the market 
data to review its trading activity on BSTX, determine what the 
market quality was at a particular time for a given Security or to 
evaluate execution quality on BSTX.
    \340\ See supra n. 52-54 and accompanying text.
    \341\ Id.
    \342\ See supra n.55 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Regarding consideration (3) and the manner in which Security 
transactions may be cleared and settled, the Exchange proposes under 
BSTX Rule 25100(d) to clear and settle transactions in Securities in 
accordance with the rules, policies and procedures of a registered 
clearing agency. The Exchange believes that this is consistent with how 
other exchange-listed equity securities are cleared and settled today. 
Therefore, BSTX's rules regarding clearance and settlement of Security 
transactions do not impose any relative burden on competition regarding 
the manner in which trades may be cleared and settled because market 
participants would be able to clear and settle Security transactions in 
the same manner as they already do in other types of NMS stock. The 
Exchange believes that this is equally true regarding the proposed 
ability of BSTX Participants to submit to BSTX orders in Securities in 
which they include a parameter expressing a preference for T+1 or T+0 
settlement, consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a 
registered clearing agency, as proposed in the operation of proposed 
BSTX Rules 25060(h) and 25100(d). As described in detail in Item 3 
above, BSTX believes that NSCC and DTC already have authority under 
their rules policies and procedures to clear and settle certain trades 
on a T+1 or T+0 basis and that these clearing agencies do already clear 
and settle trades in accordance with this authority.
    The Exchange believes that answering the question of whether a 
burden on competition is imposed by the proposal to allow BSTX 
Participants to specify an order parameter indicating a preference for 
potential settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis requires an assessment under 
three general circumstances for order submissions and executions. The 
first possible circumstance contemplates orders that BSTX Participants 
would submit to the BSTX System and that would result in an execution 
on BSTX. Here, it would be entirely the choice of any BSTX Participant 
regarding whether to include an order parameter indicating a preference 
for T+0 or T+1 settlement where possible under the settlement logic in 
BSTX Rule 25060(h) and subject to functionality permitted by the rules, 
policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency. If no such 
additional parameter is included in the order or the matched orders are 
not eligible for shortened settlement pursuant to the rules, policies 
and procedures of a

[[Page 49452]]

registered clearing agency (e.g., the trade is not received by NSCC for 
T+0 clearance and settlement through NSCC's contiuous net settlement 
system in advance of the applicable cut-off time), the order defaults 
to settle on a regular-way T+2 basis under the settlement logic in 
proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h). As described in Part II.H of Item 3, an 
order that includes a parameter indicating a preference for potential 
T+0 settlement will execute against any order against which it is 
marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a 
registered clearing agency for settlement on a standard settlement 
cycle of T+2 except where: (i) The order with the parameter for 
potential settlement on T+0 executes against another order with a 
parameter for potential settlement on T+0 (in which case BSTX will 
transmit the matched order information to a registered clearing agency 
for settlement on the trade date if the transaction is also eligible 
for settlement on T+0 under the rules, policies and procedures of a 
registered clearing agency) or (ii) the order with a parameter for 
potential settlement on T+0 executes against an order with a parameter 
for potential settlement on T+1 (in which case BSTX will transmit the 
matched order information to a registered clearing agency for 
settlement on T+1 if the transaction is also eligible for settlement on 
T+1 under the rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing 
agency). Similarly, as proposed, an order that includes a parameter for 
potential settlement on T+1 will execute against any order against 
which it is marketable and BSTX will transmit the matched order 
information to a registered clearing agency for settlement on standard 
settlement cycle of T+2 except where an order that includes a parameter 
for potential settlement on T+1 executes against another such order or 
an order that includes a parameter for potential settlement on T+0 (in 
which case BSTX will transmit the matched order information to a 
registered clearing agency for settlement on T+1 if the transaction is 
also eligible for settlement on T+1 under the rules, policies and 
procedures of a registered clearing agency). In all cases under the 
settlement logic in proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h), an order that does not 
include an optional parameter indicating a preference for potential 
settlement on T+0 or T+1 would be a regular way order that would always 
receive T+2 settlement if it executes against any other order in the 
BSTX System. In this way, all of the orders submitted to BSTX would be 
regular way orders that in and of themselves would be presumed to 
settle on T+2. Only where a BSTX Participant includes the optional 
parameters to express a preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement 
(where consistent with and eligible for shortened settlement under the 
rules, policies and procedures of a registered clearing agency) and the 
order matches against another order seeking a shorter settlement time 
than T+2 could a transaction settle more quickly than T+2 under the 
settlement logic in proposed BSTX Rule 25060(h) and as described 
immediately above. Thus, every market participant seeking T+2 
settlement for an execution on BSTX would be able to interact with any 
order against which their order is marketable, including those marked 
for possible T+0 or T+1 settlement. In addition, the possibility of 
shortened settlement timing would have no impact on the Exchange's 
price time priority.\343\ For these reasons, the Exchange believes that 
no burden on competition is imposed in this first possible 
circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \343\ See supra n.62 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The second possible circumstance arises when an order that would be 
required under Exchange Act Rule 611,\344\ the Commission's ``order 
protection rule'', to be routed to BSTX from a third party exchange 
that extends UTP to a Security. This required routing of the order in 
such a Security would occur in this setting because the NBBO existed on 
BSTX at the time of the entry of the order. Under proposed BSTX Rule 
25060(h), the order routed to BSTX would execute against any order 
against which it is marketable without regard to whether a BSTX 
Participant may have included an optional parameter for potential T+0 
or T+1 settlement where the order executes against another order that 
also has an optional parameter for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement 
under the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060(h). In the event the 
order routed to BSTX executes against another order on BSTX against 
which it is marketable, that executed transaction in the Security would 
be bound for regular way T+2 settlement under BSTX Rule 25060(h) 
because the Exchange believes that the routed order from a third party 
exchange would not include a parameter for T+0 or T+1 settlement. This 
is because the Exchange believes that no other exchange currently 
includes any such optional parameters to be able to indicate a 
preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement. This structure means 
that any non-BSTX Participant that sees a quote in a Security on BSTX 
would remain able to execute against that quote even if that quote 
includes an optional parameter indicating a preference for T+0 or T+1 
settlement where an executed order becomes eligible for any such 
settlement on a basis that is faster that T+2 under the settlement 
logic in BSTX Rule 25060(h). The Exchange believes that no burden on 
competition results in this second possible circumstance because an 
order routed to BSTX would interact against any order on BSTX against 
which it is marketable. All orders in a Security that are submitted 
directly to BSTX by BSTX Participants or that may be routed to BSTX 
would be regular way orders that when viewed in isolation would be 
presumed to settle on a T+2 basis at the time of order entry. It would 
only be upon execution against another order that also includes an 
order parameter expressing a preference for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 
basis that the executed transaction (i.e., not the initial orders) 
would become eligible for settlement faster than T+2 under the 
settlement logic in Rule 25060(h) pursuant to the rules, policies and 
procedures of a registered clearing agency. The Exchange believes this 
imposes no burden on competition on BSTX Participants because inclusion 
of any T+0 or T+1 parameter would be entirely optional and any BSTX 
Participant that includes such a parameter would do so with an ex-ante 
understanding of the settlement logic in BSTX Rule 25060 that could 
cause an executed transaction to settle more quickly that T+2. As 
noted, the Exchange believes that orders in a Security that would be 
required to be routed to BSTX, for example under the Commission's Order 
Protection Rule, would also not impose any burden on competition 
because other exchanges do not have rules that similarly contemplate 
the inclusion of a T+0 or T+1 parameter, such routed orders would 
therefore result in T+2 settlement if executed against any other order 
on BSTX against which the order is marketable (regardless of whether 
the order against which it executes includes an optional parameter 
indicating a preference for T+0 or T+1 settlement). Therefore, any 
order routed to BSTX would be able to interact with any other order on 
BSTX against which it is marketable and would settle on a regular way 
T+2 basis just as occurs today regarding any order in an NMS stock that 
is routed to a national securities exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \344\ 17 CFR 242.611.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The third possible circumstance contemplates an order that must be 
routed under the order protection rule from BSTX to a third party 
exchange

[[Page 49453]]

that extends UTP for a Security because the third party exchange has 
the NBBO at that time. The Exchange believes that this setting is not 
relevant under the proposed rules of BSTX. Specifically, the Exchange 
believes that it is not relevant because proposed BSTX Rule 25130(d) 
states that the BSTX System will reject any order or quotation that 
would lock or cross a protected quotation of another exchange at the 
time of entry. Therefore, any such orders that would otherwise be 
required to be routed by BSTX to another exchange will instead be 
rejected by the BSTX System. Accordingly, any specification by a BSTX 
Participant of a T+0 or T+1 settlement timing parameter for an order in 
this setting could not create any burden on competition because the 
order will be rejected and would never lead to an execution.
    In addition to not imposing any burden on competition, the Exchange 
believes that allowing BSTX Participants to use faster settlement 
cycles where consistent with the rules, policies and procedures of a 
registered clearing agency would mitigate settlement risk for 
transactions in such Securities, consistent with the benefits the 
Commission has noted in this area. Namely, in adopting amendments to 
SEC Rule 15c6-1 in 2017 to shorten the standard settlement cycle for 
most broker-dealer transactions in securities from T+3 to T+2, the 
Commission stated its belief that the shorter settlement cycle would 
have positive effects regarding the liquidity risks and costs faced by 
members in a clearing agency, like NSCC, that performs CCP services, 
and that it would also have positive effects for other market 
participants. Specifically, the Commission stated its belief that the 
resulting ``reduction in the amount of unsettled trades and the period 
of time during which the CCP is exposed to risk would reduce the amount 
of financial resources that the CCP members may have to provide to 
support the CCP's risk management process . . .'' and that ``[t]his 
reduction in the potential need for financial resources should, in 
turn, reduce the liquidity costs and capital demands clearing broker-
dealers face . . . and allow for improved capital utilization.'' \345\ 
The Commission went on to state its belief that shortening the 
settlement cycle ``would also lead to benefits to other market 
participants, including introducing broker-dealers, institutional 
investors, and retail investors'' such as ``quicker access to funds and 
securities following trade execution'' and ``reduced margin charges and 
other fees that clearing broker-dealers may pass down to other market 
participants[.]'' \346\ The Commission also ``noted that a move to a 
T+1 standard settlement cycle could have similar qualitative benefits 
of market, credit, and liquidity risk reduction for market 
participants[.]'' \347\ The Exchange agrees with these statements by 
the Commission and has therefore proposed BSTX Rule 25100(d) in a form 
that would promote the benefits of shorter settlement cycles for 
Securities without imposing burdens on other national securities 
exchanges or market participants that are not BSTX Participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \345\ See supra n.75-78 and accompanying text.
    \346\ Id.
    \347\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to consideration (4) above, as previously noted, 
market participants would not be limited in their ability to trade 
Securities OTC because Securities could be traded OTC and would be 
cleared and settled in the same manner as other NMS stocks through the 
facilities of a registered clearing agency. Thus, the Exchange does not 
believe that its proposal will place any new burden on competition with 
respect to OTC trading, given that trading, clearance and settlement 
will take place in the same manner as for other NMS stocks.
    With respect to consideration (5) noted above regarding other 
exchanges extending UTP to Securities, the Exchange does not believe 
that the proposed Rules would impose a burden on competition that is 
not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the 
Exchange Act. This is because other national securities exchanges would 
be able to extend UTP to Securities in accordance with Commission rules 
just as they can regarding any other NMS stock.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    The Exchange has neither solicited nor received comments on the 
proposed rule change.

III. Summary of the Comment Letters Received

    Several commenters express support for the proposal's proposed use 
of a shortened settlement cycle under certain circumstances.\348\ One 
commenter states in support of the proposal that the proposed BSTX 
exchange would provide significant advantages over existing exchanges 
by providing fairer conditions to market participants through reduced 
settlement times and more transparency.\349\ This commenter states that 
T+0 settlement would improve market conditions for retail investors by 
reducing risk of failure to deliver on highly shorted stocks, and would 
reduce actual and opportunity costs by eliminating margin lending for 
the period before settlement and lost opportunities to reinvest.\350\ 
Two commenters refer to recent problems that they characterize as 
arising from T+2 settlement and short selling,\351\ and state that the 
proposal for a shorter settlement cycle would level the playing field 
for retail investors.\352\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \348\ See Letter from Meagan Darata, Utah Salt Supplements (June 
21, 2021) (``Darata Letter''); Letter from Mark Nelson (June 10, 
2021) (``Nelson Letter''); Letter from Robert Shaw (June 11, 2021) 
(``Shaw Letter''); Letter from Neil Skinner (June 11, 2021) 
(``Skinner Letter'').
    \349\ See Nelson Letter, supra note 348.
    \350\ See id. This commenter also states that the commenter 
expects the reduced costs of operating the exchange to be passed on 
to prospective companies and issuers, thereby creating more 
opportunities for companies and asset holders to offer securities, 
and resulting in a market boom as new market participants join the 
exchange. See id.
    \351\ See Letter from Anonymous (June 15, 2021) (``Anonymous 
Letter I''); Skinner Letter, supra note 348. See also Shaw Letter, 
supra note 348 (stating that, with the current issues regarding 
settlement time, the proposal to offer speedy settlement is one 
answer to improving the system).
    \352\ See Anonymous Letter I, supra note 351; Skinner Letter, 
supra note 348. See also Darata Letter, supra note 348 (stating that 
there is a wide power differential between retail and institutional 
traders).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    One commenter states that the United States should support 
blockchain technologies like BSTX to be competitive globally, and that 
blockchain affords more efficiency and transparency.\353\ Another 
commenter states that blockchain will bring the advantages of better 
security, higher transparency, more trust, and a fairer marketplace to 
the sector.\354\ This commenter also states that blockchain would 
afford savings in time and money, make the market safer against fraud, 
and help United States markets keep up with other global systems.\355\ 
Another commenter states that it would like to see the development of 
financial institutions and securities exchanges that allow access to 
financial instruments and investments without the burdens and controls 
placed by traditional exchanges, and that the proposal represents the 
first steps in a free and equitable publicly auditable financial 
system.\356\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \353\ See Letter from Anonymous (June 15, 2021) (``Anonymous 
Letter II'').
    \354\ See Letter from Anonymous (June 21, 2021).
    \355\ See id.
    \356\ See Letter from Tyler Hess (June 17, 2021).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, one commenter states that the proposal does not 
specifically address how participants shall access BSTX and

[[Page 49454]]

that, by comparison, with respect to the trading of options, the 
Exchange does not currently enforce equidistant cabling among and 
between participants and its matching engine located in the same data 
center.\357\ This commenter states that, absent confirmation that 
access to BSTX will be offered on an equal and non-discriminatory 
basis, the commenter urges the Commission to disapprove the 
proposal.\358\ In response, the Exchange states that BSTX will provide 
for equidistant cabling arrangements to ensure that all co-located BSTX 
Participants are on a level playing field in connecting to the BSTX 
matching engine.\359\ The Exchange also states that BSTX plans to have 
equidistant cabling arrangements within the area of the data center 
that it controls, and that it will make technical details regarding 
those arrangements available to prospective BSTX Participants in 
certain specification documents after approval of BSTX as a new 
facility of the Exchange.\360\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \357\ See Letter from Andrew Stevens, General Counsel, IMC 
Chicago, LLC and Richard McDonald, Compliance Coordinator, 
Susquehanna International Group, LLP (June 28, 2021), at 2.
    \358\ See id. at 3.
    \359\ See Letter from Lisa J. Fall, President, BOX Exchange LLC 
(July 1, 2021), at 1.
    \360\ See id. at 2. The Exchange states that its options trading 
platform is an entirely separate facility of the Exchange with a 
separate ownership structure from BSTX, and BSTX will use separate 
data center operations and a different technology provider. See id. 
at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove SR-BOX-
2021-06, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, and Grounds for Disapproval 
Under Consideration

    The Commission is instituting proceedings pursuant to Section 
19(b)(2)(B) of the Act \361\ to determine whether the proposed rule 
change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, should be approved or 
disapproved. Institution of such proceedings is appropriate at this 
time in view of the legal and policy issues raised by the proposed rule 
change. Institution of proceedings does not indicate that the 
Commission has reached any conclusions with respect to any of the 
issues involved. Rather, as described below, the Commission seeks and 
encourages interested persons to provide additional comment on the 
proposed rule change to inform the Commission's analysis of whether to 
approve or disapprove the proposed rule change, as modified by 
Amendment No. 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \361\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act,\362\ the Commission is 
providing notice of the grounds for disapproval under consideration. As 
described above, the Exchange proposes to adopt rules to govern the 
trading of equity securities on the Exchange through the BSTX facility. 
Among other things, the Exchange proposes to operate the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain and to submit trades to NSCC for settlement on a T+0 or 
T+1 basis under certain conditions. As stated above, the Commission has 
received comment letters on the proposal and a response letter from the 
Exchange. Moreover, on August 18, 2021, the Exchange filed Amendment 
No. 1 to the proposed rule change. The Commission is instituting 
proceedings to allow for additional analysis of, and input from 
commenters with respect to, the consistency of the proposed rule 
change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, with the Act and, in 
particular, with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, which requires, among 
other things, that the rules of a national securities exchange be 
designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to 
promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation 
and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, 
settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating 
transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the 
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and 
to protect investors and the public interest, and not be designed to 
permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or 
dealers; \363\ Section 6(b)(7) of the Act, which requires that the 
rules of a national securities exchange provide a fair procedure for 
the prohibition or limitation by the exchange of any person with 
respect to access to services offered by the exchange; \364\ and 
Section 6(b)(8) of the Act, which requires that the rules of a national 
securities exchange not impose any burden on competition not necessary 
or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act.\365\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \362\ Id.
    \363\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \364\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(7).
    \365\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to make available the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain, which would operate as a private, permission-based 
blockchain that would be accessible through an API available through 
the internet. Through use of the API, BSTX Participants would be able 
to see detailed information about their own trading activity on BSTX 
and anonymized, general information with respect to the trading 
activity of other BSTX Participants.\366\ Non-BSTX Participants 
permissioned by the Exchange would be able to view only the anonymized, 
general market data through login credentials provided by the Exchange, 
although it is not clear what conditions, if any, the Exchange may 
place on non-BSTX Participants before granting this access.\367\ The 
Exchange proposes to post information to the BSTX Market Data 
Blockchain on a delayed basis of at least five minutes. This five 
minute delay distinguishes the BSTX Market Data Blockchain from sources 
of real-time market data, but is much shorter than the delay used by 
other historical market data products, such as the New York Stock 
Exchange's TAQ data, to which the Exchange draws a comparison.\368\ The 
Exchange states that posting five minute blocks of data would allow the 
Exchange to accrue sufficient information to record to the BSTX Market 
Data Blockchain.\369\ The Commission believes there are questions as to 
whether the Exchange's proposed use of the BSTX Market Data Blockchain 
is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5), 6(b)(7), and 6(b)(8) of the Act, 
and, in particular, the requirements that the rules of the Exchange be 
designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system, and to protect investors and the public 
interest, and not be designed to permit unfair discrimination between 
customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers; provide a fair procedure for 
the prohibition or limitation by the Exchange of any person with 
respect to access to services offered by the Exchange; and not impose 
any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance 
of the purposes of the Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \366\ The Exchange states that BSTX Participants may find the 
BSTX Market Data Blockchain useful to review their trading activity 
on BSTX, determine what the market for a given Security was at a 
particular time, evaluate execution quality on BSTX, help confirm 
the accrual of internal trading data, or back test trading 
strategies. See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6, at 27.
    \367\ See id. at 18-20. The Exchange states that non-BSTX 
Participants may find the data useful for academic study. See id. at 
27.
    \368\ See id. at 17, 22 n.35, 128. The New York Stock Exchange's 
TAQ data is produced as a daily file that becomes available after 
the close of U.S. equities markets on the same day. See New York 
Stock Exchange, Daily TAQ Client Specifications (August 31, 2020), 
available at https://www.nyse.com/publicdocs/nyse/data/Daily_TAQ_Client_Spec_v3.3a.pdf.
    \369\ See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6, at 23 n.37.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the Exchange proposes to allow BSTX Participants to 
utilize an order parameter to indicate a preference

[[Page 49455]]

for settlement on a T+0 or T+1 basis. An executed trade would settle 
more quickly than on a T+2 basis if certain conditions are met and the 
execution is eligible for T+0 or T+1 settlement under the rules, 
policies, and procedures of a registered clearing agency. According to 
the Exchange, NSCC has authority under its rules, policies, and 
procedures to clear certain trades on a T+0 or T+1 basis, and NSCC does 
clear trades in accordance with this authority.\370\ The Exchange also 
states that certain industry participants have announced plans to 
collaborate to help the industry to reduce the standard settlement 
cycle from T+2 to T+1.\371\ The Exchange states that it believes that 
no other national securities exchange currently includes in its rules 
optional parameters that allow market participants to indicate a 
preference for potential T+0 or T+1 settlement.\372\ The Exchange has 
provided information regarding trades that NSCC clears on a T+0 or T+1 
basis, but has not indicated whether these trades involved exchange-
traded NMS stocks.\373\ It is also unclear whether not having certainty 
that an order would receive faster settlement at the time of order 
entry would reduce the ability of a market participant to reap the 
potential benefits of faster settlement. Further, the Exchange has not 
addressed whether introducing the possibility for T+0 or T+1 settlement 
for on-exchange trades in NMS stocks pursuant to the rules of a single 
national securities exchange, at a time when the industry standard is 
still T+2 settlement, might have any adverse market effects. 
Accordingly, the Commission believes that there are questions as to 
whether the Exchange's proposal to provide BSTX Participants with the 
ability to preference T+0 or T+1 settlement is consistent with Sections 
6(b)(5) and 6(b)(8) of the Act, including the requirements that the 
rules of the Exchange be designed to promote just and equitable 
principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with 
persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing 
information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in 
securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a 
free and open market and a national market system, and to protect 
investors and the public interest; and not impose any burden on 
competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes 
of the Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \370\ See id. at 31.
    \371\ See id. at 34-35.
    \372\ See id. at 140.
    \373\ See id. at 34.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the Commission's Rules of Practice, the ``burden to 
demonstrate that a proposed rule change is consistent with the Exchange 
Act and the rules and regulations issued thereunder . . . is on the 
[SRO] that proposed the rule change.'' \374\ The description of a 
proposed rule change, its purpose and operation, its effect, and a 
legal analysis of its consistency with applicable requirements must all 
be sufficiently detailed and specific to support an affirmative 
Commission finding,\375\ and any failure of an SRO to provide this 
information may result in the Commission not having a sufficient basis 
to make an affirmative finding that a proposed rule change is 
consistent with the Act and the applicable rules and regulations.\376\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \374\ 17 CFR 201.700(b)(3).
    \375\ See id.
    \376\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For these reasons, the Commission believes it is appropriate to 
institute proceedings pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act to 
determine whether the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, should 
be approved or disapproved.

V. Procedure: Request for Written Comments

    The Commission requests that interested persons provide written 
submissions of their views, data, and arguments with respect to the 
issues identified above, as well as any other concerns they may have 
with the proposal. In particular, the Commission invites the written 
views of interested persons concerning whether the proposal, as 
modified by Amendment No. 1, is consistent with Sections 6(b)(5),\377\ 
6(b)(7),\378\ and 6(b)(8) \379\ of the Act or any other provision of 
the Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder. Although there do not 
appear to be any issues relevant to approval or disapproval that would 
be facilitated by an oral presentation of views, data, and arguments, 
the Commission will consider, pursuant to Rule 19b-4 under the 
Act,\380\ any request for an opportunity to make an oral 
presentation.\381\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \377\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \378\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(7).
    \379\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8).
    \380\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \381\ Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, as amended by the Securities 
Act Amendments of 1975, Pub. L. 94-29 (June 4, 1975), grants the 
Commission flexibility to determine what type of proceeding--either 
oral or notice and opportunity for written comments--is appropriate 
for consideration of a particular proposal by a self-regulatory 
organization. See Securities Act Amendments of 1975, Senate Comm. on 
Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs, S. Rep. No. 75, 94th Cong., 1st 
Sess. 30 (1975).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments regarding whether the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 
1, should be approved or disapproved by September 23, 2021. Any person 
who wishes to file a rebuttal to any other person's submission must 
file that rebuttal by October 7, 2021.
    The Commission asks that commenters address the sufficiency of the 
Exchange's statements in support of the proposal, which are set forth 
in Amendment No. 1,\382\ in addition to any other comments they may 
wish to submit about the proposed rule change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \382\ See Amendment No. 1, supra note 6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number SR-BOX-2021-06 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-BOX-2021-06. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help 
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). 
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written 
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with 
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed 
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those 
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions 
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in 
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 
20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 
3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection 
and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments 
received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are 
cautioned that we do not redact or edit

[[Page 49456]]

personal identifying information from comment submissions. You should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All 
submissions should refer to File Number SR-BOX-2021-06 and should be 
submitted by September 23, 2021. Rebuttal comments should be submitted 
by October 7, 2021.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \383\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(57).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\383\
Vanessa A. Countryman,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2021-18947 Filed 9-1-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P

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