Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami International Securities Exchange, LLC; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change To List and Trade Options on the SPIKESTM, 52865-52868 [2018-22683]
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 202 / Thursday, October 18, 2018 / Notices
Required Majority under section 57(f) of
the Act.
11. No Non-Interested Director of a
Regulated Fund will also be a director,
general partner, managing member or
principal, or otherwise an ‘‘affiliated
person’’ (as defined in the Act) of an
Affiliated Fund.
12. The expenses, if any, associated
with acquiring, holding or disposing of
any securities acquired in a CoInvestment Transaction (including,
without limitation, the expenses of the
distribution of any such securities
registered for sale under the 1933 Act)
will, to the extent not payable by the
Advisers under their respective
investment advisory agreements with
Affiliated Funds and the Regulated
Funds, be shared by the Regulated
Funds and the Affiliated Funds in
proportion to the relative amounts of the
securities held or to be acquired or
disposed of, as the case may be.
13. Any transaction fee 10 (including
break-up or commitment fees but
excluding broker’s fees contemplated
section 17(e) or 57(k) of the Act, as
applicable) received in connection with
a Co-Investment Transaction will be
distributed to the participating
Regulated Funds and Affiliated Funds
on a pro rata basis based on the amounts
they invested or committed, as the case
may be, in such Co-Investment
Transaction. If any transaction fee is to
be held by an Adviser pending
consummation of the Co-Investment
Transaction, the fee will be deposited
into an account maintained by such
Adviser at a bank or banks having the
qualifications prescribed in section
26(a)(1) of the Act, and the account will
earn a competitive rate of interest that
will also be divided pro rata among the
participating Regulated Funds and
Affiliated Funds based on the amounts
they invest in such Co-Investment
Transaction. None of the Affiliated
Funds, the Advisers, the other
Regulated Funds, or any affiliated
person of the Regulated Funds or
Affiliated Funds will receive additional
compensation or remuneration of any
kind as a result of or in connection with
a Co-Investment Transaction (other than
(a) in the case of the Regulated Funds
and the Affiliated Funds, the pro rata
transaction fees described above and
fees or other compensation described in
condition 2(c)(iii)(C); and (b) in the case
of an Adviser, investment advisory fees
paid in accordance with the investment
advisory agreements between such
Adviser and the Regulated Fund or
Affiliated Fund).
14. If the Holders own in the aggregate
more than 25% of the Shares of a
Regulated Fund, then the Holders will
vote such Shares as directed by an
independent third party when voting on
(1) the election of directors; (2) the
removal of one or more directors; or (3)
any other matter under either the Act or
applicable state law affecting the
Board’s composition, size or manner of
election.
15. Each Regulated Fund’s chief
compliance officer, as defined in rule
38a–1(a)(4) under the Act, will prepare
an annual report for the Board of such
Regulated Fund that evaluates (and
documents the basis of that evaluation)
the Regulated Fund’s compliance with
the terms and conditions of the
application and procedures established
to achieve such compliance.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Investment Management, under delegated
authority.
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018–22676 Filed 10–17–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–84417; File No. SR–MIAX–
2018–14]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami
International Securities Exchange,
LLC; Order Granting Approval of a
Proposed Rule Change To List and
Trade Options on the SPIKESTM Index
October 12, 2018.
I. Introduction
On June 28, 2018, Miami International
Securities Exchange, LLC (‘‘MIAX
Options’’ or ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
(‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section
19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4
thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to
list and trade options on the SPIKESTM
Index (‘‘SPIKES’’ or the ‘‘Index’’), which
measures expected 30-day volatility of
the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (‘‘SPY’’).
The proposed rule change was
published for comment in the Federal
Register on July 16, 2018.3 On August
28, 2018, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of
the Act,4 the Commission designated a
1 15
10 The
Applicants are not requesting, and the staff
is not providing, any relief for transaction fees
received in connection with any Co-Investment
Transaction.
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U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 83619
(July 11, 2018), 83 FR 32932 (‘‘Notice’’).
4 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
2 17
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52865
longer period within which to approve
the proposed rule change, disapprove
the proposed rule change, or institute
proceedings to determine whether to
approve or disapprove the proposed
rule change.5 The Commission received
no comments on the proposal. This
order approves the proposed rule
change.
II. Description of the Proposed Rule
Change
The Exchange proposes to list and
trade cash-settled, European-style
options on the Index, which measures
expected thirty-day volatility of SPY.6
As more fully set forth in the Notice,
the Index is calculated using a
methodology developed by T3i Pty Ltd,
which uses published real-time prices
and bid/ask quotes of SPY options.7 The
Index will be calculated and maintained
by the Exchange. The Index uses a
proprietary ‘‘price dragging’’ technique
to determine the ongoing price for each
individual option used in the
calculation of the Index (‘‘Reference
Price’’), which the Exchange believes
should materially reduce erratic
movements of the Index value as
quotations on out-of-the-money options
are rapidly altered during times of low
liquidity.8 The Exchange also notes the
Index’s exclusion rule (‘‘truncation
method’’), which determines how far
away from the money to exclude strikes
from the volatility calculation. When
two consecutive option prices of $0.05
or less are encountered when moving
away from the at-the-money strike, the
truncation method excludes all the
strikes beyond that level, from each of
the put and call side.9 The Exchange
believes that this exclusion
methodology should result in a
calculation outcome that better reflects
the expected measure of volatility.10
The Index will be updated on a realtime basis on each trading day
beginning at 9:30 a.m. and ending at
5 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 83975,
83 FR 44929 (September 4, 2018). The Commission
designated October 14, 2018 as the date by which
the Commission shall approve or disapprove, or
institute proceedings to determine whether to
approve or disapprove, the proposed rule change.
6 According to the Exchange, SPY is historically
the largest and most actively-traded exchangetraded fund in the United States as measured by its
assets under management and the value of shares
traded. See Notice, supra note 3, at 32936.
7 See id. at 32933–36 (describing in more detail
the calculation methodology for the Index).
8 See id. at 32934–35 (describing in more detail
the ‘‘price dragging’’ methodology).
9 See id. at 32935 (describing in more detail the
truncation method).
10 See id.
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4:15 p.m. (New York time).11 Values of
the Index will be disseminated to the
Options Price Reporting Authority
(‘‘OPRA’’) at least every fifteen seconds
during the Exchange’s regular trading
hours, pursuant to Exchange Rules 1802
and 1803.12 In the event the Index
ceases to be maintained or calculated, or
its values are not disseminated at least
every fifteen seconds by a widely
available source, the Exchange will not
list any additional series for trading and
may, for the purpose of maintaining a
fair and orderly market and protecting
investors, limit transactions in certain
options on the Index to closing
transactions only.
The Exchange proposes that the
standard trading hours for index options
(9:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., New York time)
will apply to options on the Index.
Options on the Index will expire on the
Wednesday that is thirty days prior to
the third Friday of the calendar month
immediately following the expiration
month.13 The exercise-settlement
amount will be equal to the difference
between the final settlement value of the
Index and the exercise price of the
option, multiplied by $100. Exercise
will result in the delivery of cash on the
business day following expiration.
To determine the final settlement
value of the Index, the Exchange will
perform an Index settlement price
calculation, which includes all SPY
options that expire thirty days after the
SPIKES settlement that are included in
the settlement (‘‘constituent options’’).
To perform the Index settlement price
calculation, each constituent option will
be assigned a Settlement Reference Price
(‘‘SRP’’). Each SRP will be determined
through the proposed ‘‘SPIKES Special
Settlement Auction,’’ which will be
conducted once per month, in the
constituent options traded on the
Exchange, on final settlement day. The
SPIKES Special Settlement Auction will
utilize the Exchange’s existing standard
opening process, as described in
Exchange Rule 503(f), with a proposed
modification to account for situations
where there remains an order
imbalance 14 that must be filled at the
11 If the current published value of a component
is not available, the last published value will be
used in the calculation.
12 The Exchange notes that it is currently
disseminating the cash values of the Index to OPRA
under the ticker symbol ‘‘SPIKE’’ in at least fifteen
second intervals. See Notice, supra note 3, at 32936.
13 If that Wednesday or the Friday that is thirty
days following that Wednesday is an Exchange
holiday, the final settlement value will be
calculated on the business day immediately
preceding that Wednesday.
14 An ‘‘imbalance’’ occurs when there is
insufficient liquidity to satisfy all trading interest
due an execution at a certain price. See Exchange
Rule 503(f)(2)(v).
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opening price after the requisite number
of iterations of the imbalance process
takes place under the Exchange’s
existing opening process.15
All orders for participation in the
SPIKES Special Settlement Auction that
are related to positions in, or a trading
strategy involving, Index options
(‘‘SPIKES Strategy Orders’’) and any
change to or cancellation of any such
order: (i) Must be received prior to the
applicable SPIKES Strategy Order cutoff time for the constituent option
series, as determined by the Exchange,
which may be no earlier than the
opening of the live order window
(currently, 7:30 a.m.) or the live quote
window (for the SPIKES Special
Settlement Auction, anticipated to be
8:30 a.m.), and no later than the opening
of trading in the series; and (ii) may not
be cancelled or modified after the
applicable SPIKES Strategy Order cutoff time, unless the SPIKES Strategy
Order is not executed in the SPIKES
Special Settlement Auction and the
cancellation or modification is
submitted after the SPIKES Special
Settlement Auction is concluded. The
Exchange states that it will generally
consider orders to be SPIKES Strategy
Orders if the orders possess the
following characteristics: (i) They are for
options with the expiration that will be
used to calculate the exercise or final
settlement value of the applicable
volatility index option contract; (ii) they
are for options spanning the full range
of strike prices for the appropriate
expiration for options that will be used
to calculate the exercise or final
settlement value of the applicable
volatility index option contract, but not
necessarily every available strike price;
and (iii) they are for put options with
strike prices less than the at-the-money
strike price, for call options with strike
prices greater than the at-the-money
strike price, or for put and call options
with at-the-money strike prices. The
Exchange notes that it may also deem
order types other than those provided
above as SPIKES Strategy Orders if the
Exchange determines that to be the case
based on the applicable facts and
circumstances.16
The Exchange believes that the Index,
including the settlement value, will not
be readily susceptible to
manipulation.17 According to the
Exchange, the ‘‘price dragging’’
technique, which is used to determine
the ongoing Reference Price for each
individual option used in the
calculation of the Index, helps prevent
market manipulation by utilizing the
most recent trade price as the Reference
Price, which the Exchange believes to be
a more accurate methodology than
alternatives.18 Further, the Exchange
believes that using SPY options as the
components for a volatility index has
the potential to result in an extremely
liquid volatility product with
exceptionally tight spreads, which
consequently would not be readily
susceptible to fraudulent and
manipulative acts.19 For example, the
Exchange notes that SPY options
regularly trade four to five million
contracts a day and have twenty to
thirty million contracts in open interest,
and are traded on all fifteen option
exchanges.20 Since SPY options are
traded on all fifteen option exchanges,
the Exchange believes that market
participants may take advantage of
arbitrage opportunities across multiple
venues.21
The Exchange proposes to adopt
minimum trading increments for
options on the Index to be $0.05 for
series trading below $3, and $0.10 for
series trading at or above $3. The
Exchange also proposes to set the
minimum strike price interval for
options on the Index at $0.50 where the
strike price is less than $15, $1 or
greater where the strike price is between
$15 and $200, and $5 or greater where
the strike price is greater than $200.
Currently, when new series of options
on the Index with a new expiration date
are opened for trading, or when
additional series of options on the Index
in an existing expiration date are
opened for trading as the current value
of the Index moves substantially from
the exercise prices of series already
opened, the exercise prices of such new
or additional series must be reasonably
related to the current value of the Index
at the time such series are first opened
for trading.22 The Exchange, however,
proposes to eliminate this range
limitation that would otherwise limit
the number of $1 strikes that may be
listed in options on the Index. The
17 See
15 The
proposed modification to the Exchange’s
existing opening process to facilitate the execution
of this remaining must-fill interest is referred to as
the special settlement imbalance process (‘‘SSIP’’).
See proposed Rule 1809, Interpretation and Policy
.06. For more detail about the operation of the
SPIKES Special Settlement Auction, including an
example, see Notice, supra note 3, at 32939–41.
16 See Notice, supra note 3, at 32939.
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id. at 32942–43.
id. at 32942.
19 See id. at 32943.
20 See id.
21 See id.
22 See Exchange Rule 1809(c)(3). The term
‘‘reasonably related to the current index value of the
underlying index’’ means that the exercise price is
within thirty percent of the current index value, as
defined in Exchange Rule 1809(c)(4).
18 See
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Exchange’s proposal to eliminate this
range limitation is identical to strike
price intervals adopted by the Cboe
Exchange, Inc. (‘‘Cboe’’) for the Cboe
Volatility Index (‘‘VIX’’).23
The Exchange initially proposes to list
options on the Index in up to twelve
standard monthly expirations. In
addition, long-term option series having
up to sixty months to expiration,24 Short
Term Option Series,25 and Quarterly
Options Series 26 may also be traded.
Options on the Index will be quoted and
traded in U.S. dollars.27
The Exchange believes that the Index
is a broad-based index, as that term is
defined in Exchange Rule 1801(k).28
The Exchange proposes that the Index
should be treated as a broad-based index
for purposes of position limits, exercise
limits, and margin requirements.
Accordingly, the Exchange proposes no
position or exercise limits for options on
the Index 29 and the Exchange proposes
to apply margin requirements that are
identical to those applied for other
broad-based index options.
In addition, the Exchange proposes
that the trading of options on the Index
will be subject to the same rules
governing the trading of Exchange index
options, including sales practice rules,
margin requirements, and trading rules.
Trading of options on the Index will
also be subject to the trading halt
procedures applicable to other index
options traded on the Exchange.30
Further, Chapter XIII of the Exchange’s
rules, which is designed to protect
23 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63155
(October 21, 2010), 75 FR 66402 (October 28, 2010)
(SR–CBOE–2010–096).
24 See Exchange Rule 1809(b)(1).
25 See Exchange Rule 1809, Interpretations and
Policies .01.
26 See Exchange Rule 1809, Interpretations and
Policies .02.
27 See Exchange Rule 1809(a)(1).
28 Exchange Rule 1801(k) defines the terms
‘‘market index’’ and ‘‘broad-based index’’ to mean
an index designed to be representative of a stock
market as a whole or of a range of companies in
unrelated industries.
29 As noted above, the Index will settle using
published prices and quotes from its corresponding
SPY options. The Exchange asserts that because the
size of SPY options market (as well as the
underlying SPY market) is so large, the Exchange
believes that there is minimal risk of manipulation
by virtue of position size in SPIKES options. The
Exchange notes that options on Cboe’s VIX are also
not subject to any position or exercise limits. See
Notice, supra note 3, at 32941. See also Securities
Exchange Act Release No. 54019 (June 20, 2006), 71
FR 36569 (June 27, 2006) (SR–CBOE–2006–55).
Additionally, the Exchange notes there are
currently a number of actively-traded broad-based
index options, e.g., DJX, NDX, SPX, that are also not
subject to any position or exercise limits. See
Notice, supra note 3, at 32941 n.56.
30 See Exchange Rule 1808(c).
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public customer trading, will apply to
trading in options on the Index.
The Exchange represents that it has an
adequate surveillance program in place
for options on the Index and intends to
apply those same program procedures
that it applies to the Exchange’s other
options products. In addition, the
Exchange notes that several new
surveillances related to the Index will
be added to its surveillance program.31
Specifically, the Exchange notes that it
has a Regulatory Services Agreement
(‘‘RSA’’) in place with the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority
(‘‘FINRA’’) to conduct cross-market
surveillances on its behalf and has
expanded the RSA to include a new
options pattern designed to determine
whether any market participants
influenced the settlement price of an
a.m. cash-settled index product to
benefit their expiring index option
position. Further, the Exchange
represents that both MIAX Options
Regulation and FINRA Options
Regulation will manually review
options activity during each monthly
settlement process. After manually
reviewing settlement process activity
over the course of months, the Exchange
and FINRA will determine whether
additional reports or enhancements to
the cash-settled report(s) are required.32
Additionally, the Exchange notes that it
is a member of the Intermarket
Surveillance Group, through which it
can coordinate surveillance and
investigative information sharing in the
stock and options markets with all U.S.
registered stock and options markets.
The Exchange also represents that it has
the necessary system capacity to
support additional quotations and
messages that will result from the listing
and trading of options on the Index.
III. Discussion and Commission
Findings
After careful consideration of the
proposal, the Commission finds that the
proposed rule change is consistent with
the requirements of the Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder
applicable to a national securities
exchange,33 and, in particular, the
requirements of Section 6 of the Act.34
Specifically, the Commission finds that
the proposed rule change is consistent
with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,35 which
requires, among other things, that the
31 See
Notice, supra note 3, at 32942.
id.
33 In approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission has considered the proposed rule’s
impact on efficiency, competition, and capital
formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
34 15 U.S.C. 78f.
35 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
32 See
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52867
rules of a national securities exchange
be designed to prevent fraudulent and
manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principles of
trade, to remove impediments to and
perfect the mechanism of a free and
open market and a national market
system and, in general, to protect
investors and the public interest.
Specifically, the Commission believes
that the proposed Index options provide
investors with an additional trading and
hedging mechanism.
The Commission believes that the
Exchange’s proposal is consistent with
the Act.36 As noted above, the Index is
calculated using published real-time
price and bid/ask quotes of SPY options
and measures changes in the expected
thirty-day volatility of SPY. The
Commission notes that SPY options are
the most actively-traded options in
terms of average daily volume. After
careful consideration, the Commission
has determined that the Exchange’s
proposal to list and trade options on the
Index, including the proposed
settlement process, is comparable to the
listing and trading of options on similar
volatility indexes.37
The Commission also believes that
permitting $0.50 strike price intervals if
the strike price is less than $15 and
$1.00 strike price intervals if the strike
price is between $15 and $200 will
provide investors with added flexibility
in the trading of these options and will
further the public interest by allowing
investors to establish positions that are
better tailored to meet their investment
objectives. As noted above, the
Exchange proposes to provide an
exception for the proposed Index
options from the existing requirement
that exercise prices of new or additional
series must be reasonably related to the
current value of the Index at the time
such series are first opened for
trading.38 The Commission believes that
this change is consistent with the Act
because it should provide investors
added flexibility to meet their
investment objectives.39 The
36 In approving this proposed rule change to list
and trade options on the Index, the Commission is
not determining whether the Index is a ‘‘narrowbased’’ security index as that term is defined in the
Act. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(55)(B).
37 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 49563
(April 14, 2004), 69 FR 21589 (April 21, 2004) (SR–
CBOE–2003–40) (order approving the listing and
trading of options on the VIX). See also Securities
Exchange Act Release No. 71365 (January 22, 2014),
79 FR 4512 (January 28, 2014) (SR–ISE–2013–42)
(order approving the listing and trading of options
on the Nations VolDex Index).
38 See supra notes 22–23 and accompanying text.
39 The Commission notes that Cboe previously
eliminated the band that limited the number of $1
strikes that could be listed on VIX options. See
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Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 202 / Thursday, October 18, 2018 / Notices
Commission also notes that the
Exchange has represented that it has the
necessary systems capacity to handle
the additional traffic associated with the
listing and trading of this new product
and it expects that the Exchange
considered this expansion of the
permissible range of strike prices in
making such a representation.40
The Commission also believes that it
is consistent with the Act to apply
margin requirements to the proposed
Index options that are otherwise
applicable to options on broad-based
indexes. The Commission further
believes that the Exchange’s proposed
minimum trading increment, series
openings, and other aspects of the
proposed rule change are appropriate
and consistent with the Act.
As a national securities exchange, the
Exchange is required, under Section
6(b)(1) of the Act,41 to enforce
compliance by its members and persons
associated with its members with the
provisions of the Act, Commission rules
and regulations thereunder, and its own
rules. The Exchange has asserted its
belief that there is a low potential for
manipulation of the Index settlement
value.42 The Exchange has represented
that it has an adequate surveillance
program in place for options traded on
the Index, and will monitor for any
potential manipulation of the Index
settlement value according to its current
surveillance procedures and additional
surveillance measures.43 The
Commission also notes the Exchange’s
representation that it has the necessary
systems capacity to support the new
options series that will result from this
proposal.44
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,45 that the
proposed rule change (SR–MIAX–2018–
14) be, and hereby is, approved.
For the Commission, by the Division
of Trading and Markets, pursuant to
delegated authority.46
[Disaster Declaration #15696 and #15697;
North Carolina Disaster Number NC–00099]
Presidential Declaration Amendment of
a Major Disaster for the State of North
Carolina
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Amendment 4.
AGENCY:
This is an amendment of the
Presidential declaration of a major
disaster for the State of North Carolina
(FEMA–4393–DR), dated 09/14/2018.
Incident: Hurricane Florence.
Incident Period: 09/07/2018 through
09/29/2018.
DATES: Issued on 10/10/2018.
Physical Loan Application Deadline
Date: 11/13/2018.
Economic Injury (EIDL) Loan
Application Deadline Date: 06/14/2019.
ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan
applications to: U.S. Small Business
Administration, Processing and
Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport
Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A.
Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance,
U.S. Small Business Administration,
409 3rd Street SW, Suite 6050,
Washington, DC 20416, (202) 205–6734.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The notice
of the President’s major disaster
declaration for the State of North
Carolina, dated 09/14/2018, is hereby
amended to establish the incident
period for this disaster as beginning
09/07/2018 and continuing through
09/29/2018.
All other information in the original
declaration remains unchanged.
SUMMARY:
(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Number 59008)
James Rivera,
Associate Administrator for Disaster
Assistance.
[FR Doc. 2018–22691 Filed 10–17–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8025–01–P
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
[FR Doc. 2018–22683 Filed 10–17–18; 8:45 am]
[Disaster Declaration #15624 and #15625;
California Disaster Number CA–00292]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
khammond on DSK30JT082PROD with NOTICES
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63155 (October
21, 2010), 75 FR 66402 (October 28, 2010) (SR–
CBOE–2010–096).
40 See Notice, supra note 3, at 32942.
41 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1).
42 See Notice, supra note 3, at 32942–43.
43 See supra notes 31–32 and accompanying text.
44 See id.
45 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
46 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
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Presidential Declaration Amendment of
a Major Disaster for Public Assistance
Only for the State of California
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Amendment 2.
AGENCY:
This is an amendment of the
Presidential declaration of a major
SUMMARY:
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disaster for Public Assistance Only for
the State of California (FEMA–4382–
DR), dated 08/04/2018.
Incident: Wildfires and High Winds.
Incident Period: 07/23/2018 through
09/19/2018.
DATES: Issued on 10/04/2018.
Physical Loan Application Deadline
Date: 10/03/2018.
Economic Injury (EIDL) Loan
Application Deadline Date: 05/06/2019.
ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan
applications to: U.S. Small Business
Administration, Processing and
Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport
Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A.
Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance,
U.S. Small Business Administration,
409 3rd Street SW, Suite 6050,
Washington, DC 20416, (202) 205–6734.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The notice
of the President’s major disaster
declaration for Private Non-Profit
organizations in the State of California,
dated 08/04/2018, is hereby amended to
include the following areas as adversely
affected by the disaster.
Primary Counties: Lake
All other information in the original
declaration remains unchanged.
(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Number 59008)
James Rivera,
Associate Administrator for Disaster
Assistance.
[FR Doc. 2018–22693 Filed 10–17–18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8025–01–P
SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD
[Docket No. AB 303 (Sub-No. 50X)]
Wisconsin Central Ltd.—
Discontinuance of Service
Exemption—in Ashland and Price
Counties, Wis.
Wisconsin Central Ltd. (WCL) has
filed a verified notice of exemption
under 49 CFR pt. 1152 subpart F—
Exempt Abandonments and
Discontinuances of Service to
discontinue service over a portion of
WCL’s Ashland Subdivision extending
approximately 58.4 miles from milepost
434.4 in the city of Ashland, Ashland
County, Wis., to milepost 376.0 near
Park Falls, Price County, Wis. (the Line).
The Line traverses United States Postal
Service Zip Codes 54806, 54855, 54846,
54546, 54527, 54514, and 54552.
WCL has certified that: (1) No local
traffic has moved over the Line for at
least two years; (2) there is no overhead
traffic to be rerouted over other lines; (3)
E:\FR\FM\18OCN1.SGM
18OCN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 202 (Thursday, October 18, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 52865-52868]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-22683]
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-84417; File No. SR-MIAX-2018-14]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami International Securities
Exchange, LLC; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change To
List and Trade Options on the SPIKESTM Index
October 12, 2018.
I. Introduction
On June 28, 2018, Miami International Securities Exchange, LLC
(``MIAX Options'' or ``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4
thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to list and trade options on the
SPIKESTM Index (``SPIKES'' or the ``Index''), which measures
expected 30-day volatility of the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (``SPY''). The
proposed rule change was published for comment in the Federal Register
on July 16, 2018.\3\ On August 28, 2018, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)
of the Act,\4\ the Commission designated a longer period within which
to approve the proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule
change, or institute proceedings to determine whether to approve or
disapprove the proposed rule change.\5\ The Commission received no
comments on the proposal. This order approves the proposed rule change.
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\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 83619 (July 11,
2018), 83 FR 32932 (``Notice'').
\4\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
\5\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 83975, 83 FR 44929
(September 4, 2018). The Commission designated October 14, 2018 as
the date by which the Commission shall approve or disapprove, or
institute proceedings to determine whether to approve or disapprove,
the proposed rule change.
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to list and trade cash-settled, European-
style options on the Index, which measures expected thirty-day
volatility of SPY.\6\
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\6\ According to the Exchange, SPY is historically the largest
and most actively-traded exchange-traded fund in the United States
as measured by its assets under management and the value of shares
traded. See Notice, supra note 3, at 32936.
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As more fully set forth in the Notice, the Index is calculated
using a methodology developed by T3i Pty Ltd, which uses published
real-time prices and bid/ask quotes of SPY options.\7\ The Index will
be calculated and maintained by the Exchange. The Index uses a
proprietary ``price dragging'' technique to determine the ongoing price
for each individual option used in the calculation of the Index
(``Reference Price''), which the Exchange believes should materially
reduce erratic movements of the Index value as quotations on out-of-
the-money options are rapidly altered during times of low liquidity.\8\
The Exchange also notes the Index's exclusion rule (``truncation
method''), which determines how far away from the money to exclude
strikes from the volatility calculation. When two consecutive option
prices of $0.05 or less are encountered when moving away from the at-
the-money strike, the truncation method excludes all the strikes beyond
that level, from each of the put and call side.\9\ The Exchange
believes that this exclusion methodology should result in a calculation
outcome that better reflects the expected measure of volatility.\10\
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\7\ See id. at 32933-36 (describing in more detail the
calculation methodology for the Index).
\8\ See id. at 32934-35 (describing in more detail the ``price
dragging'' methodology).
\9\ See id. at 32935 (describing in more detail the truncation
method).
\10\ See id.
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The Index will be updated on a real-time basis on each trading day
beginning at 9:30 a.m. and ending at
[[Page 52866]]
4:15 p.m. (New York time).\11\ Values of the Index will be disseminated
to the Options Price Reporting Authority (``OPRA'') at least every
fifteen seconds during the Exchange's regular trading hours, pursuant
to Exchange Rules 1802 and 1803.\12\ In the event the Index ceases to
be maintained or calculated, or its values are not disseminated at
least every fifteen seconds by a widely available source, the Exchange
will not list any additional series for trading and may, for the
purpose of maintaining a fair and orderly market and protecting
investors, limit transactions in certain options on the Index to
closing transactions only.
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\11\ If the current published value of a component is not
available, the last published value will be used in the calculation.
\12\ The Exchange notes that it is currently disseminating the
cash values of the Index to OPRA under the ticker symbol ``SPIKE''
in at least fifteen second intervals. See Notice, supra note 3, at
32936.
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The Exchange proposes that the standard trading hours for index
options (9:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., New York time) will apply to options
on the Index. Options on the Index will expire on the Wednesday that is
thirty days prior to the third Friday of the calendar month immediately
following the expiration month.\13\ The exercise-settlement amount will
be equal to the difference between the final settlement value of the
Index and the exercise price of the option, multiplied by $100.
Exercise will result in the delivery of cash on the business day
following expiration.
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\13\ If that Wednesday or the Friday that is thirty days
following that Wednesday is an Exchange holiday, the final
settlement value will be calculated on the business day immediately
preceding that Wednesday.
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To determine the final settlement value of the Index, the Exchange
will perform an Index settlement price calculation, which includes all
SPY options that expire thirty days after the SPIKES settlement that
are included in the settlement (``constituent options''). To perform
the Index settlement price calculation, each constituent option will be
assigned a Settlement Reference Price (``SRP''). Each SRP will be
determined through the proposed ``SPIKES Special Settlement Auction,''
which will be conducted once per month, in the constituent options
traded on the Exchange, on final settlement day. The SPIKES Special
Settlement Auction will utilize the Exchange's existing standard
opening process, as described in Exchange Rule 503(f), with a proposed
modification to account for situations where there remains an order
imbalance \14\ that must be filled at the opening price after the
requisite number of iterations of the imbalance process takes place
under the Exchange's existing opening process.\15\
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\14\ An ``imbalance'' occurs when there is insufficient
liquidity to satisfy all trading interest due an execution at a
certain price. See Exchange Rule 503(f)(2)(v).
\15\ The proposed modification to the Exchange's existing
opening process to facilitate the execution of this remaining must-
fill interest is referred to as the special settlement imbalance
process (``SSIP''). See proposed Rule 1809, Interpretation and
Policy .06. For more detail about the operation of the SPIKES
Special Settlement Auction, including an example, see Notice, supra
note 3, at 32939-41.
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All orders for participation in the SPIKES Special Settlement
Auction that are related to positions in, or a trading strategy
involving, Index options (``SPIKES Strategy Orders'') and any change to
or cancellation of any such order: (i) Must be received prior to the
applicable SPIKES Strategy Order cut-off time for the constituent
option series, as determined by the Exchange, which may be no earlier
than the opening of the live order window (currently, 7:30 a.m.) or the
live quote window (for the SPIKES Special Settlement Auction,
anticipated to be 8:30 a.m.), and no later than the opening of trading
in the series; and (ii) may not be cancelled or modified after the
applicable SPIKES Strategy Order cut-off time, unless the SPIKES
Strategy Order is not executed in the SPIKES Special Settlement Auction
and the cancellation or modification is submitted after the SPIKES
Special Settlement Auction is concluded. The Exchange states that it
will generally consider orders to be SPIKES Strategy Orders if the
orders possess the following characteristics: (i) They are for options
with the expiration that will be used to calculate the exercise or
final settlement value of the applicable volatility index option
contract; (ii) they are for options spanning the full range of strike
prices for the appropriate expiration for options that will be used to
calculate the exercise or final settlement value of the applicable
volatility index option contract, but not necessarily every available
strike price; and (iii) they are for put options with strike prices
less than the at-the-money strike price, for call options with strike
prices greater than the at-the-money strike price, or for put and call
options with at-the-money strike prices. The Exchange notes that it may
also deem order types other than those provided above as SPIKES
Strategy Orders if the Exchange determines that to be the case based on
the applicable facts and circumstances.\16\
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\16\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 32939.
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The Exchange believes that the Index, including the settlement
value, will not be readily susceptible to manipulation.\17\ According
to the Exchange, the ``price dragging'' technique, which is used to
determine the ongoing Reference Price for each individual option used
in the calculation of the Index, helps prevent market manipulation by
utilizing the most recent trade price as the Reference Price, which the
Exchange believes to be a more accurate methodology than
alternatives.\18\ Further, the Exchange believes that using SPY options
as the components for a volatility index has the potential to result in
an extremely liquid volatility product with exceptionally tight
spreads, which consequently would not be readily susceptible to
fraudulent and manipulative acts.\19\ For example, the Exchange notes
that SPY options regularly trade four to five million contracts a day
and have twenty to thirty million contracts in open interest, and are
traded on all fifteen option exchanges.\20\ Since SPY options are
traded on all fifteen option exchanges, the Exchange believes that
market participants may take advantage of arbitrage opportunities
across multiple venues.\21\
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\17\ See id. at 32942-43.
\18\ See id. at 32942.
\19\ See id. at 32943.
\20\ See id.
\21\ See id.
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The Exchange proposes to adopt minimum trading increments for
options on the Index to be $0.05 for series trading below $3, and $0.10
for series trading at or above $3. The Exchange also proposes to set
the minimum strike price interval for options on the Index at $0.50
where the strike price is less than $15, $1 or greater where the strike
price is between $15 and $200, and $5 or greater where the strike price
is greater than $200. Currently, when new series of options on the
Index with a new expiration date are opened for trading, or when
additional series of options on the Index in an existing expiration
date are opened for trading as the current value of the Index moves
substantially from the exercise prices of series already opened, the
exercise prices of such new or additional series must be reasonably
related to the current value of the Index at the time such series are
first opened for trading.\22\ The Exchange, however, proposes to
eliminate this range limitation that would otherwise limit the number
of $1 strikes that may be listed in options on the Index. The
[[Page 52867]]
Exchange's proposal to eliminate this range limitation is identical to
strike price intervals adopted by the Cboe Exchange, Inc. (``Cboe'')
for the Cboe Volatility Index (``VIX'').\23\
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\22\ See Exchange Rule 1809(c)(3). The term ``reasonably related
to the current index value of the underlying index'' means that the
exercise price is within thirty percent of the current index value,
as defined in Exchange Rule 1809(c)(4).
\23\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63155 (October 21,
2010), 75 FR 66402 (October 28, 2010) (SR-CBOE-2010-096).
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The Exchange initially proposes to list options on the Index in up
to twelve standard monthly expirations. In addition, long-term option
series having up to sixty months to expiration,\24\ Short Term Option
Series,\25\ and Quarterly Options Series \26\ may also be traded.
Options on the Index will be quoted and traded in U.S. dollars.\27\
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\24\ See Exchange Rule 1809(b)(1).
\25\ See Exchange Rule 1809, Interpretations and Policies .01.
\26\ See Exchange Rule 1809, Interpretations and Policies .02.
\27\ See Exchange Rule 1809(a)(1).
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The Exchange believes that the Index is a broad-based index, as
that term is defined in Exchange Rule 1801(k).\28\ The Exchange
proposes that the Index should be treated as a broad-based index for
purposes of position limits, exercise limits, and margin requirements.
Accordingly, the Exchange proposes no position or exercise limits for
options on the Index \29\ and the Exchange proposes to apply margin
requirements that are identical to those applied for other broad-based
index options.
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\28\ Exchange Rule 1801(k) defines the terms ``market index''
and ``broad-based index'' to mean an index designed to be
representative of a stock market as a whole or of a range of
companies in unrelated industries.
\29\ As noted above, the Index will settle using published
prices and quotes from its corresponding SPY options. The Exchange
asserts that because the size of SPY options market (as well as the
underlying SPY market) is so large, the Exchange believes that there
is minimal risk of manipulation by virtue of position size in SPIKES
options. The Exchange notes that options on Cboe's VIX are also not
subject to any position or exercise limits. See Notice, supra note
3, at 32941. See also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 54019
(June 20, 2006), 71 FR 36569 (June 27, 2006) (SR-CBOE-2006-55).
Additionally, the Exchange notes there are currently a number of
actively-traded broad-based index options, e.g., DJX, NDX, SPX, that
are also not subject to any position or exercise limits. See Notice,
supra note 3, at 32941 n.56.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, the Exchange proposes that the trading of options on
the Index will be subject to the same rules governing the trading of
Exchange index options, including sales practice rules, margin
requirements, and trading rules. Trading of options on the Index will
also be subject to the trading halt procedures applicable to other
index options traded on the Exchange.\30\ Further, Chapter XIII of the
Exchange's rules, which is designed to protect public customer trading,
will apply to trading in options on the Index.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\30\ See Exchange Rule 1808(c).
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The Exchange represents that it has an adequate surveillance
program in place for options on the Index and intends to apply those
same program procedures that it applies to the Exchange's other options
products. In addition, the Exchange notes that several new
surveillances related to the Index will be added to its surveillance
program.\31\ Specifically, the Exchange notes that it has a Regulatory
Services Agreement (``RSA'') in place with the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority (``FINRA'') to conduct cross-market surveillances
on its behalf and has expanded the RSA to include a new options pattern
designed to determine whether any market participants influenced the
settlement price of an a.m. cash-settled index product to benefit their
expiring index option position. Further, the Exchange represents that
both MIAX Options Regulation and FINRA Options Regulation will manually
review options activity during each monthly settlement process. After
manually reviewing settlement process activity over the course of
months, the Exchange and FINRA will determine whether additional
reports or enhancements to the cash-settled report(s) are required.\32\
Additionally, the Exchange notes that it is a member of the Intermarket
Surveillance Group, through which it can coordinate surveillance and
investigative information sharing in the stock and options markets with
all U.S. registered stock and options markets. The Exchange also
represents that it has the necessary system capacity to support
additional quotations and messages that will result from the listing
and trading of options on the Index.
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\31\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 32942.
\32\ See id.
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III. Discussion and Commission Findings
After careful consideration of the proposal, the Commission finds
that the proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of
the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a
national securities exchange,\33\ and, in particular, the requirements
of Section 6 of the Act.\34\ Specifically, the Commission finds that
the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the
Act,\35\ which requires, among other things, that the rules of a
national securities exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and
manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable
principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism
of a free and open market and a national market system and, in general,
to protect investors and the public interest. Specifically, the
Commission believes that the proposed Index options provide investors
with an additional trading and hedging mechanism.
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\33\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition,
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
\34\ 15 U.S.C. 78f.
\35\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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The Commission believes that the Exchange's proposal is consistent
with the Act.\36\ As noted above, the Index is calculated using
published real-time price and bid/ask quotes of SPY options and
measures changes in the expected thirty-day volatility of SPY. The
Commission notes that SPY options are the most actively-traded options
in terms of average daily volume. After careful consideration, the
Commission has determined that the Exchange's proposal to list and
trade options on the Index, including the proposed settlement process,
is comparable to the listing and trading of options on similar
volatility indexes.\37\
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\36\ In approving this proposed rule change to list and trade
options on the Index, the Commission is not determining whether the
Index is a ``narrow-based'' security index as that term is defined
in the Act. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(55)(B).
\37\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 49563 (April 14,
2004), 69 FR 21589 (April 21, 2004) (SR-CBOE-2003-40) (order
approving the listing and trading of options on the VIX). See also
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 71365 (January 22, 2014), 79 FR
4512 (January 28, 2014) (SR-ISE-2013-42) (order approving the
listing and trading of options on the Nations VolDex Index).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission also believes that permitting $0.50 strike price
intervals if the strike price is less than $15 and $1.00 strike price
intervals if the strike price is between $15 and $200 will provide
investors with added flexibility in the trading of these options and
will further the public interest by allowing investors to establish
positions that are better tailored to meet their investment objectives.
As noted above, the Exchange proposes to provide an exception for the
proposed Index options from the existing requirement that exercise
prices of new or additional series must be reasonably related to the
current value of the Index at the time such series are first opened for
trading.\38\ The Commission believes that this change is consistent
with the Act because it should provide investors added flexibility to
meet their investment objectives.\39\ The
[[Page 52868]]
Commission also notes that the Exchange has represented that it has the
necessary systems capacity to handle the additional traffic associated
with the listing and trading of this new product and it expects that
the Exchange considered this expansion of the permissible range of
strike prices in making such a representation.\40\
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\38\ See supra notes 22-23 and accompanying text.
\39\ The Commission notes that Cboe previously eliminated the
band that limited the number of $1 strikes that could be listed on
VIX options. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63155 (October
21, 2010), 75 FR 66402 (October 28, 2010) (SR-CBOE-2010-096).
\40\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 32942.
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The Commission also believes that it is consistent with the Act to
apply margin requirements to the proposed Index options that are
otherwise applicable to options on broad-based indexes. The Commission
further believes that the Exchange's proposed minimum trading
increment, series openings, and other aspects of the proposed rule
change are appropriate and consistent with the Act.
As a national securities exchange, the Exchange is required, under
Section 6(b)(1) of the Act,\41\ to enforce compliance by its members
and persons associated with its members with the provisions of the Act,
Commission rules and regulations thereunder, and its own rules. The
Exchange has asserted its belief that there is a low potential for
manipulation of the Index settlement value.\42\ The Exchange has
represented that it has an adequate surveillance program in place for
options traded on the Index, and will monitor for any potential
manipulation of the Index settlement value according to its current
surveillance procedures and additional surveillance measures.\43\ The
Commission also notes the Exchange's representation that it has the
necessary systems capacity to support the new options series that will
result from this proposal.\44\
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\41\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1).
\42\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 32942-43.
\43\ See supra notes 31-32 and accompanying text.
\44\ See id.
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IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\45\ that the proposed rule change (SR-MIAX-2018-14) be, and hereby
is, approved.
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\45\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
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For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\46\
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\46\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018-22683 Filed 10-17-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P