Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change To Implement the Capped Contingency Liquidity Facility in the Government Securities Division Rulebook, 25642-25648 [2017-11471]
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25642
Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 105 / Friday, June 2, 2017 / Notices
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post all comments on the Commission’s
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submission, all subsequent
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NYSEArca–2017–57, and should be
submitted on or before June 23, 2017.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.24
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2017–11401 Filed 6–1–17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–80812; File No. SR–FICC–
2017–002]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed
Income Clearing Corporation; Order
Instituting Proceedings To Determine
Whether To Approve or Disapprove a
Proposed Rule Change To Implement
the Capped Contingency Liquidity
Facility in the Government Securities
Division Rulebook
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
May 30, 2017.
I. Introduction
On March 1, 2017, Fixed Income
Clearing Corporation (‘‘FICC’’) filed
with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘Commission’’) proposed
rule change SR–FICC–2017–002
24 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
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(‘‘Proposed Rule Change’’) pursuant to
Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’),1 and
Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2 to implement a
Capped Contingency Liquidity Facility
in FICC’s Government Securities
Division Rulebook.3 The Proposed Rule
Change was published for comment in
the Federal Register on March 20,
2017.4 To date, the Commission has
received three comment letters to the
Proposed Rule Change.5 On April 25,
2017, the Commission designated a
longer period within which to approve
the Proposed Rule Change, disapprove
the Proposed Rule Change, or institute
proceedings to determine whether to
approve or disapprove the Proposed
Rule Change.6 This order institutes
proceedings under Section 19(b)(2)(B) of
the Act 7 to determine whether to
approve or disapprove the Proposed
Rule Change.
1 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 FICC also filed the Proposed Rule Change as
advance notice SR–FICC–2017–802 (‘‘Advance
Notice’’) pursuant to Section 806(e)(1) of the
Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Supervision Act
of 2010, 12 U.S.C. 5465(e)(1), and Rule 19b–
4(n)(1)(i) under the Act, 17 CFR 240.19b–4(n)(1)(i).
Notice of filing of the Advance Notice was
published for comment in the Federal Register on
March 15, 2017. Securities Exchange Act Release
No. 80191 (March 9, 2017), 82 FR 13876 (March 15,
2017) (SR–FICC–2017–802). The Commission
extended the deadline for its review period of the
Advance Notice from April 30, 2017 to June 29,
2017. Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80520
(April 25, 2017), 82 FR 20404 (May 1, 2017) (SR–
FICC–2017–802). The proposal in the Proposed
Rule Change and the Advance Notice shall not take
effect until all regulatory actions required with
respect to the proposal are completed.
4 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80234
(March 14, 2017), 82 FR 14401 (March 20, 2017)
(SR–FICC–2017–002).
5 See letter from Robert E. Pooler, Chief Financial
Officer, Ronin Capital LLC, dated April 10, 2017,
to Robert W. Errett, Deputy Secretary, Commission;
letter from Alan B. Levy, Managing Director,
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial
Services LLC (‘‘ICBC’’), Philip Vandermause,
Director, Aardvark Securities LLC, David Rutter,
Chief Executive Officer, LiquidityEdge LLC, Robert
Pooler, Chief Financial Officer, Ronin Capital LLC,
Jason Manumaleuna, Chief Financial Officer and
EVP, Rosenthal Collins Group LLC, and Scott
Skyrm, Managing Director, Wedbush Securities Inc.
(‘‘ICBC Letter’’); and letter from Timothy J.
Cuddihy, Managing Director, FICC, dated March 8,
2017, to Robert W. Errett, Deputy Secretary,
Commission (‘‘FICC Letter’’), available at https://
www.sec.gov/comments/sr-ficc-2017-002/
ficc2017002.htm. Since the proposal contained in
the Proposed Rule Change was also filed as an
Advance Notice, Release No. 80191, supra note 3,
the Commission is considering all public comments
received on the proposal regardless of whether the
comments are submitted to the Proposed Rule
Change or the Advance Notice.
6 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80524
(April 25, 2017), 82 FR 20685 (May 3, 2017).
7 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
2 17
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule
Change
FICC’s current liquidity resources for
its Government Securities Division
(‘‘GSD’’) 8 consist of (i) cash in GSD’s
clearing fund; (ii) cash that can be
obtained by entering into uncommitted
repo transactions using securities in the
clearing fund; (iii) cash that can be
obtained by entering into uncommitted
repo transactions using the securities
that were destined for delivery to the
defaulting GSD member; and (iv)
uncommitted bank loans.9
With this Proposed Rule Change,
FICC proposes to amend its GSD
Rulebook (‘‘GSD Rules’’) 10 to establish
a rules-based, committed liquidity
resource (i.e., the Capped Contingency
Liquidity Facility® (‘‘CCLF’’)) as an
additional liquidity resource designed
to provide FICC with a committed
liquidity resource to meet its cash
settlement obligations in the event of a
default of the GSD Netting Member or
family of affiliated Netting Members
(‘‘Affiliated Family’’) to which FICC has
the largest exposure in extreme but
plausible market conditions.11
A. Overview of the Proposal
CCLF would be invoked only if FICC
declared a ‘‘CCLF Event,’’ which would
occur only if FICC ceased to act for a
Netting Member in accordance to GSD
Rule 22A (referred to as a ‘‘default’’)
and, subsequent to such default, FICC
determined that its other, abovedescribed liquidity resources could not
generate sufficient cash to statisfy
FICC’s payment obligations to the nondefaulting Netting Members. Once FICC
declares a CCLF Event, each Netting
Member could be called upon to enter
into repurchase transactions with FICC
(‘‘CCLF Transactions’’) up to a predetermined capped dollar amount, as
described below.
1. Declaration of a CCLF Event
Following a default, FICC would first
obtain liquidity through its other
available non-CCLF liquidity resources.
8 FICC operates two divisions—GSD and the
Mortgage-Backed Securities Division (‘‘MBSD’’).
GSD provides trade comparison, netting, risk
management, settlement and central counterparty
services for the U.S. government securities market,
while MBSD provides the same services for the U.S.
mortgage-backed securities market. Because GSD
and MBSD are separate divisions of FICC, each
division maintains its own rules, members, margin
from their respective members, clearing fund, and
liquid resources.
9 See Notice, 82 at 14402.
10 GSD Rules, available at www.dtcc.com/legal/
rules-and-procedures.aspx.
11 As defined in the GSD Rules, the term ‘‘Netting
Member’’ means a GSD member that is a member
of the GSD Comparison System and the Netting
System. Id.
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If FICC determined that these sources of
liquidity would be insufficient to meet
FICC’s payment obligation to its nondefaulting Netting Members, FICC
would declare a CCLF Event. FICC
would notify all Netting Members of
FICC’s need to make such a declaration
and enter into CCLF Transactions, as
necessary, by issuing an Important
Notice.
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
2. CCLF Transactions
Upon declaring a CCLF Event, FICC
would meet its liquidity need by
initiating CCLF Transactions with nondefaulting Netting Members. The
Proposed Rule Change would clarify
that the original transaction that created
FICC’s initial obligation to pay cash to
the now Direct Affected Member, and
the Direct Affected Member’s initial
obligation to deliver securities to FICC,
would be deemed satisfied by entry into
the CCLF Transaction, and that such
settlement would be final.
Each CCLF Transaction would be
governed by the terms of the September
1996 Securities Industry and Financial
Markets Association Master Repurchase
Agreement,12 which would be
incorporated by reference into the GSD
Rules as a master repurchase agreement
between FICC as seller and each Netting
Member as buyer, with certain
modifications as outlined in the GSD
Rules (‘‘CCLF MRA’’).
To initiate CCLF Transactions with
non-defaulting Netting Members, FICC
would identify the non-defaulting
Netting Members that are obligated to
deliver securities destined for the
defaulting Netting Member (‘‘Direct
Affected Members’’) and, in return,
would be obligated to receive a cash
payment. FICC would need to finance
those transactions through CCLF, in
order to cover the defaulting Netting
Member’s failure to deliver the cash
payment (‘‘Financing Amount’’). FICC
would notify each Direct Affected
Member of the Direct Affected Member’s
Financing Amount and whether such
Direct Affected Member should deliver
to FICC or suppress any securities that
were destined for the defaulting Netting
Member. FICC would then initiate CCLF
12 The September 1996 Securities Industry and
Financial Markets Association Master Repurchase
Agreement (‘‘SIFMA MRA’’) is available at https://
www.sifma.org/services/standard-forms-anddocumentation/mra,-gmra,-msla-and-msftas/. The
SIFMA MRA would be incorporated by reference
into the GSD Rules without referenced annexes,
other than Annex VII (Transactions Involving
Registered Investment Companies), which would be
applicable to any Netting Member that is a
registered investment company. FICC represents
that, at the time of filing the Proposed Rule Change,
there were no registered investment companies that
are also GSD Netting Members. See Notice, 82 at
14402.
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Transactions with each Direct Affected
Member for the Direct Affected
Member’s purchase of the securities
(‘‘Financed Securities’’) that were
destined for the defaulting Netting
Member.13 The aggregate purchase price
of the CCLF Transactions with the
Direct Affected Member could equal but
never exceed the Direct Affected
Member’s maximum funding obligation
(‘‘Individual Total Amount’’).14
If any Direct Affected Member’s
Financing Amount exceeds its
Individual Total Amount (‘‘Remaining
Financing Amount’’), FICC would
advise the following categories of
Netting Members (collectively,
‘‘Affected members’’) that FICC intends
to initiate CCLF Transactions with them
for the Remaining Financing Amount:
(i) All other Direct Affected Members
with a Financing Amount less than its
Individual Total Amount; and (ii) each
Netting Member that has not otherwise
entered into CCLF Transactions with
FICC (‘‘Indirect Affected Members’’).
FICC states that the order in which
FICC would enter into CCLF
Transactions for the Remaining
Financing Amount would be based
upon the Affected Members that have
the most funding available within their
Individual Total Amounts.15 No
Affected Member would be obligated to
enter into CCLF Transactions greater
than its Individual Total Amount.
After receiving approval from FICC’s
Board of Directors to do so, FICC would
engage its investment advisor during a
CCLF Event to minimize liquidation
losses on the Financed Securities
through hedging, strategic dispositions,
or other investment transactions as
determined by FICC under relevant
market conditions. Once FICC liquidates
the underlying securities by selling
them to a new buyer (‘‘Liquidating
Trade’’), FICC would instruct the
Affected Member to close the CCLF
Transaction by delivering the Financed
Securities to FICC in order to complete
settlement of the Liquidating Trade.
FICC would attempt to unwind the
CCLF Transactions in the order it
entered into the Liquidating Trades.
Each CCLF Transaction would remain
open until the earlier of (i) such time
that FICC liquidates the Affected
Member’s Financed Securities; (ii) such
time that FICC obtains liquidity through
13 FICC states that it would have the authority to
initiate CCLF Transactions with respect to any
securities that are in the Direct Affected Member’s
portfolio which are bound to the defaulting Netting
Member.
14 The sizing of each Direct Affected Member’s
Individual Total Amount is described below in
Section II.B.
15 See Notice, 82 at 14403.
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25643
its available liquid resources; or (iii) 30
or 60 calendar days after entry into the
CCLF Transaction for U.S. government
bonds and mortgage-backed securities,
respectively.
B. CCLF Sizing and Allocation
According to FICC, its overall
liquidity need during a CCLF Event
would be determined by the cash
settlement obligations presented by the
default of a Netting Member and its
Affiliated Family, as described below.
An additional amount (‘‘Liquidity
Buffer’’) would be added to account for
both changes in Netting Members’ cash
settlement obligations that may not be
observed during the six-month lookback period during which CCLF would
be sized, and the possibility that the
defaulting Netting Member is the largest
CCLF contributor.
FICC believes that its proposal would
allocate FICC’s observed liquidity need
during a CCLF Event among all Netting
Members based on their historical
settlement activity, but states that
Netting Members that present the
highest cash settlement obligations
would be required to maintain higher
CCLF funding obligations.16
The steps that FICC would take to size
its overall liquidity need during a CCLF
event and then size and allocate each
Netting Member’s CCLF contribution
requirement are described below.
Step 1: CCLF Sizing
(A) Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement
FICC’s historical liquidity need for the
six-month look-back period would be
equal to the largest liquidity need
generated by an Affiliated Family
during the preceding six-month period.
The amount which would be
determined by calculating the largest
sum of an Affiliated Family’s obligation
to receive GSD eligible securities, plus
the net dollar amount of its Funds-Only
Settlement Amount 17 (collectively, the
‘‘Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement’’). FICC believes that it is
appropriate to calculate the Historical
Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement in this
manner because the default of such an
16 Id.
17 According to FICC, the Funds-Only Settlement
Amount reflects the amount that FICC collects and
passes to the contra-side once FICC marks the
securities in a Netting Member’s portfolio to the
current market value. FICC states that this amount
is the difference between the contract value and the
current market value of a Netting Member’s GSD
portfolio. FICC states that it would consider this
amount when calculating the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement because in the event that an
Affiliated Family defaults, the Funds-Only
Settlement Amount would also reflect the cash
obligation to non-defaulting Netting Members. Id.
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Affiliated Family would generate the
largest liquidity need for FICC.18
(B) Liquidity Buffer
According to FICC, it is cognizant that
the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement would not account for
changes in a Netting Member’s current
trading behavior, which could result in
a liquidity need greater than the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement. To account for this
potential shortfall, FICC proposes to add
a Liquidity Buffer as an additional
amount to the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement, which would
help to better anticipate GSD’s total
liquidity need during a CCLF Event.
FICC states that the Liquidity Buffer
would initially be 20 percent of the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement (and between 20 to 30
percent thereafter), subject to a
minimum amount of $15 billion.19 FICC
believes that 20 to 30 percent of the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement is appropriate based on its
analysis and statistical measurement of
the variance of its daily liquidity need
throughout 2015 and 2016.20 FICC also
believes that the $15 billion minimum
dollar amount is necessary to cover
changes in a Netting Member’s trading
activity that could exceed the amount
that is implied by such statistical
measurement.21
FICC would have the discretion to
adjust the Liquidity Buffer, within the
range of 20 to 30 percent of the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement, based on its analysis of
the stability of the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement over various
time horizons. According to FICC, this
would help ensure that its liquidity
resources are sufficient under a wide
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
18 Id.
19 See Notice, 82 at 14404. For example, if the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement was $100
billion, the Liquidity Buffer initially would be $20
billion ($100 billion × 0.20), for a total of $120
billion in potential liquidity resources.
20 According to FICC, it uses a statistical
measurement called the ‘‘coefficient of variation,’’
which is calculated as the standard deviation
divided by the mean, to quantify the variance of
Affiliated Families’ daily liquidity needs. See
Notice, 82 at 14403. FICC states that this is a typical
approach used to compare variability across
different data sets. Id. FICC states that it will use
the coefficient of variation to set the Liquidity
Buffer by quantifying the variance of each Affiliated
Family’s daily liquidity need. Id. FICC believes that
a Liquidity Buffer of 20 to 30 percent, subject to a
minimum of $15 billion, would be an appropriate
Liquidity Buffer because FICC found that,
throughout 2015 and 2016, the coefficient of
variation ranged from an average of 15 to 19 percent
for Affiliated Families with liquidity needs above
$50 billion, and an average of 18 to 21 percent for
Affiliated Families with liquidity needs above $35
billion. Id.
21 Id.
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range of potential market scenarios that
may lead to a change in a Netting
Member’s trading behavior. FICC also
states that it would analyze the trading
behavior of Netting Members that
present larger liquidity needs than the
majority of the Netting Members, as
described below.22
(C) Aggregate Total Amount
FICC’s anticipated total liquidity need
during a CCLF Event (i.e., the sum of the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement plus the Liquidity Buffer)
would be referred to as the ‘‘Aggregate
Total Amount.’’ The Aggregate Total
Amount initially would be set to the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement plus the greater of 20
percent of the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement or $15 billion.
Step 2: Allocation of the Aggregate Total
Amount Among Netting Members
(A) Allocation of the Aggregate Regular
Amount Among Netting Members
The Aggregate Total Amount would
be allocated among Netting Members in
order to arrive at each Netting Member’s
Individual Total Amount. FICC would
take a tiered approach in its allocation
of the Aggregate Total Amount. First,
FICC would determine the portion of
the Aggregate Total Amount that should
be allocated among all Netting Members
(‘‘Aggregate Regular Amount’’), which
FICC states initially would be set at $15
billion.23 FICC believes that this amount
is appropriate because the average
Netting Member’s liquidity need from
2015 to 2016 was approximately $7
billion, with a majority of Netting
Members having liquidity needs less
than $15 billion.24 Based on that
analysis, FICC believes that the $15
billion Aggregate Regular Amount
should capture the liquidity needs of a
majority of the Netting Members.25
Second, as discussed in more detail
below, after allocating the $15 billion
Aggregate Regular Amount, FICC would
allocate the remainder of the Aggregate
Total Amount (‘‘Aggregate
Supplemental Amount’’) among Netting
Members that incurred liquidity needs
above the Aggregate Regular Amount
within the six-month look-back period.
For example, a Netting Member with a
$7 billion peak daily liquidity need
22 Id.
23 Id.
24 From 2015 to 2016, 59 percent of all Netting
Members presented average liquidity needs
between $0 to $5 billion, 78 percent of all Netting
Members presented average liquidity needs
between $0 and $10 billion, and 85 percent of all
Netting Members presented average liquidity needs
between $0 and $15 billion. Id.
25 Id.
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would only contribute to the $15 billion
Aggregate Regular Amount, based on the
calculation described below. Meanwhile
a Netting Member with a $45 billion
Aggregate Regular Amount would
contribute towards the $15 billion
Aggregate Regular Amount and the
Aggregate Supplemental Amount, as
described below.
FICC believes that this tiered
approach reflects a reasonable, fair, and
transparent balance between FICC’s
need for sufficient liquidity resources
and the burdens of the funding
obligations on each Netting Member’s
management of its own liquidity.26
Under the proposal, the Aggregate
Regular Amount would be allocated
among all Netting Members, but Netting
Members with larger Receive
Obligations 27 would be required to
contribute a larger amount. FICC
believes that this approach is
appropriate because a defaulting Netting
Member’s Receive Obligations are the
primary cash settlement obligations that
FICC would have to satisfy as a result
of the default of an Affiliated Family.28
However, FICC also believes that,
because FICC guarantees both sides of a
GSD Transaction and all Netting
Members benefit from FICC’s risk
mitigation practices, some portion of the
Aggregate Regular Amount should be
allocated based on Netting Members’
aggregate Deliver Obligations 29 as
well.30 As a result, FICC proposes to
allocate the Aggregate Regular Amount
based on a scaling factor. Given that the
Aggregate Regular Amount would be
initially sized at $15 billion and would
cover approximately 80 percent of
Netting Members’ observed liquidity
needs, FICC proposes to set the scaling
factor in the range of 65 to 85 percent
to the value of Netting Members’
Receive Obligations, and in the range of
15 to 35 percent to the value of Netting
Members’ Deliver Obligations.31
FICC states that it would initially
assign a 20 percent weighting
26 Id.
27 ‘‘Receive Obligation’’ means a Netting
Member’s obligation to receive eligible netting
securities from FICC at the appropriate settlement
value, either in satisfaction of all or a part of a Net
Long Position, or to implement a collateral
substitution in connection with a Repo Transaction
with a right of substitution. GSD Rules, supra note
10.
28 See Notice, 82 at 14404.
29 ‘‘Deliver Obligation’’ means a Netting
Member’s obligation to deliver eligible netting
securities to FICC at the appropriate settlement
value either in satisfaction of all or a part of a Net
Short Position or to implement a collateral
substitution in connection with a Repo Transaction
with a right of substitution. GSD Rules, supra note
10.
30 See Notice, 82 at 14404.
31 See Notice, 82 at 14404.
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percentage to a Netting Member’s
aggregate peak Deliver Obligations
(‘‘Deliver Scaling Factor’’) and the
remaining percentage difference, 80
percent in this case, to a Netting
Member’s aggregate peak Receive
Obligations (‘‘Receive Scaling
Factor’’).32 FICC would have the
discretion to adjust these scaling factors
based on a quarterly analysis that
would, in part, assess Netting Members’
observed liquidity needs that are at or
below $15 billion. FICC believes that
this assessment would help ensure that
the Aggregate Regular Amount would be
appropriately allocated across all
Netting Members.33
(B) FICC’s Allocation of the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount Among Netting
Members
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
The remainder of the Aggregate Total
Amount (i.e., the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount) would be
allocated among Netting Members that
present liquidity needs greater than $15
billion using Liquidity Tiers. As
described in greater detail in the Notice,
the specific allocation of the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount to each Liquidity
Tier would be based on the frequency
that Netting Members generated
liquidity needs within each Liquidity
Tier, relative to the other Liquidity
Tiers.34 More specifically, once the
Aggregate Supplemental Amount is
divided among the Liquidity Tiers, the
amount within each Liquidity Tier
would be allocated among the
applicable Netting Members, based on
the relative frequency that a Netting
Member generated liquidity needs
within each Liquidity Tier.35 FICC
explains that this allocation would
result in a larger proportion of the
Aggregate Supplemental Amount being
32 For example, assume that a Netting Member’s
peak Receive and Deliver Obligations represent 5
and 3 percent, respectively, of the sum of all
Netting Members’ peak Receive and Deliver
Obligations. The Netting Member’s portion of the
Aggregate Regular Amount (‘‘Individual Regular
Amount’’) would be $600 million ($15 billion *
0.80 Receive Scaling Factor * 0.05 Peak Receive
Obligation Percentage), plus $90 million ($15
billion * 0.20 Deliver Scaling Factor * 0.03 Peak
Deliver Obligation Percentage), for a total of $690
million.
33 See Notice, 82 at 14404.
34 See Notice, 82 at 14404–05.
35 For example, if the Aggregate Supplemental
Amount is $50 billion and Tier 1 has a relative
frequency weighting of 33 percent, all Netting
Members that have generated liquidity needs that
fall within Tier 1 would collectively fund $16.5
billion ($50 billion * 0.33) of the Supplemental
Amount. Each Netting Member in that tier would
be responsible for contributing toward the $16.5
billion, based on the relative frequency that the
member generated liquidity needs within that tier.
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borne by those Netting Members who
present the highest liquidity needs.36
The sum of a Netting Member’s
allocation across all Liquidity Tiers
would be such Netting Member’s
Individual Supplemental Amount. FICC
would add each Netting Member’s
Individual Supplemental Amount (if
any) to its Individual Regular Amount to
arrive at such Netting Member’s
Individual Total Amount.
C. FICC’s Ongoing Assessment of the
Sufficiency of CCLF
As described above, the Aggregate
Total Amount and each Netting
Member’s Individual Total Amount (i.e.,
each Netting Member’s allocation of the
Aggregate Total Amount) would
initially be calculated using a six-month
look-back period that FICC would reset
every six months (‘‘reset period’’). FICC
states that, on a quarterly basis, FICC
would assess the following parameters
used to calculate the Aggregate Total
Amount (and could consider changes to
such parameters, if necessary and
appropriate):
• The largest peak daily liquidity
need of an Affiliated Family;
• the Liquidity Buffer;
• the Aggregate Regular Amount;
• the Aggregate Supplemental
Amount;
• the Deliver Scaling Factor and the
Receive Scaling Factor used to allocate
the Aggregate Regular Amount;
• the increments for the Liquidity
Tiers; and
• the length of the look-back period
and the reset period for the Aggregate
Total Amount.37
FICC represents that, in the event that
any changes to the above-referenced
parameters result in an increase in a
Netting Member’s Individual Total
Amount, such increase would be
effective as of the next bi-annual reset.38
Additionally, on a daily basis, FICC
would examine the Aggregate Total
Amount to ensure that it is sufficient to
satisfy FICC’s liquidity needs. If FICC
determines that the Aggregate Total
Amount is insufficient to satisfy its
liquidity needs, FICC would have the
discretion to change the length of the
six-month look-back period, the reset
period, or otherwise increase the
Aggregate Total Amount.
Any increase in the Aggregate Total
Amount resulting from FICC’s quarterly
assessments or FICC’s daily monitoring
would be subject to approval from FICC
management, as described in the
Notice.39 Increases to a Netting
36 See
37 See
Notice, 82 at 14404–05.
Notice, 82 at 14406.
38 Id.
39 Id.
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25645
Member’s Individual Total Amount as a
result of its daily monitoring would not
be effective until ten business days after
FICC issues an Important Notice
regarding the increase. Reductions to
the Aggregate Total Amount would be
reflected at the conclusion of the reset
period.
D. Implementation of the Proposed
Changes and Required Attestation From
Each Netting Member
The CCLF proposal would become
operative 12 months after the later date
of the Commission’s approval of the
Proposed Rule Change and the
Commission’s no objection to the
related Advance Notice. FICC represents
that, during this 12-month period, it
would periodically provide each Netting
Member with estimated Individual Total
Amounts. FICC states that the delayed
implementation and the estimated
Individual Total Amounts are designed
to give Netting Members the
opportunity to assess the impact that the
CCLF proposal would have on their
business profile.40
FICC states that, as of the
implementation date and annually
thereafter, FICC would require that each
Netting Member attest that it
incorporated its Individual Total
Amount into its liquidity plans.41 This
required attestation, which would be
from an authorized officer of the Netting
Member or otherwise in form and
substance satisfactory to FICC, would
certify that (i) such officer has read and
understands the GSD Rules, including
the CCLF rules; (ii) the Netting
Member’s Individual Total Amount has
been incorporated into the Netting
Member’s liquidity planning; 42 (iii) the
Netting Member acknowledges and
agrees that its Individual Total Amount
may be changed at the conclusion of any
reset period or otherwise upon ten
business days’ Notice; (iv) the Netting
Member will incorporate any changes to
its Individual Total Amount into its
liquidity planning; and (v) the Netting
Member will continually reassess its
liquidity plans and related operational
plans, including in the event of any
changes to such Netting Member’s
Individual Total Amount, to ensure
such Netting Member’s ability to meet
its Individual Total Amount. FICC states
that it may require any Netting Member
40 Id.
41 Id.
42 According to FICC, the attestation would not
refer to the actual dollar amount that has been
allocated as the Individual Total Amount. FICC
explains that each Netting Member’s Individual
Total Amount would be made available to such
Member via GSD’s access controlled portal Web
site. Id.
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Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 105 / Friday, June 2, 2017 / Notices
to provide FICC with a new certification
in the foregoing form at any time,
including upon a change to a Netting
Member’s Individual Total Amount or
in the event that a Netting Member
undergoes a change in its corporate
structure.43
On a quarterly basis, FICC would
conduct due diligence to assess each
Netting Member’s ability to meet its
Individual Total Amount. This due
diligence would include a review of all
information that the Netting Member
has provided FICC in connection with
its ongoing reporting obligations
pursuant to the GSD Rules and a review
of other publicly available information.
FICC also would test its operational
procedures for invoking a CCLF Event,
and Netting Members would be required
to participate in such tests. If a Netting
Member failed to participate in such
testing when required by FICC, FICC
would be permitted to take disciplinary
measures as set forth in GSD Rule 3,
Section 7.44
E. Liquidity Funding Reports Provided
to Netting Members
On each business day, FICC would
make a liquidity funding report
available to each Netting Member that
would include (i) the Netting Member’s
Individual Total Amount, Individual
Regular Amount and, if applicable, its
Individual Supplemental Amount; (ii)
FICC’s Aggregate Total Amount,
Aggregate Regular Amount, and
Aggregate Supplemental Amount; and
(iii) FICC’s regulatory liquidity
requirements as of the prior business
day. The liquidity funding report would
be provided for informational purposes
only.
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
II. Summary of Comments Received
The Commission received three
comment letters in response to the
Proposed Rule Change.45 Two comment
letters, the Ronin Letter and ICBC Letter,
objected to the Proposed Rule Change.
One comment letter from FICC
responded to the objections raised by
Ronin.
A. Objecting Comments
Ronin argues that the Proposed Rule
Change would (1) place an unfair and
anticompetitive burden on smaller
Netting Members because such members
do not present any settlement risk to
FICC; (2) cause concentration and
systemic risk by potentially forcing
smaller Netting Members to leave GSD
(as well as creating a barrier to entry for
43 Id.
44 GSD
45 See
Rules, supra note 10.
supra, note 4.
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prospective new Netting Members) or
clear their trades through larger Netting
Members; and (3) cause FICC’s liquidity
needs to grow by potentially increasing
the size of FICC’s largest Netting
Members.46 As an alternative to the
Proposed Rule Change, Ronin suggests
that FICC should instead impose CCLF
requirements only on larger Bank
Netting Members that present FICC with
settlement risk.47
Similarly, ICBC argues that the
Proposed Rule Change would result in
harmful consequences to smaller
Netting Members and other industry
participants.48 Specifically, ICBC argues
that the Proposed Rule Change could
force smaller Netting Members to exit
the clearing business or terminate their
membership with FICC due to the cost
of CCLF funding obligations, thereby (1)
increasing market concentration; (2)
decreasing market competition; (3)
increasing FICC’s credit exposure to its
largest participant families; and (4)
driving smaller Netting Members to
clear transactions bilaterally instead of
through a central counterparty.49
Although ICBC acknowledges that
FICC, as a registered clearing agency, is
required to maintain sufficient financial
resources to withstand a default by the
largest participant family to which FICC
has exposure in ‘‘extreme but plausible
conditions,’’ 50 ICBC argues that the
scenario that CCLF is designed to
address is not ‘‘plausible’’ because U.S.
government securities are riskless assets
that would not suffer a from liquidity
shortage, even amidst a financial crisis
similar to that in 2008.51 Moreover,
ICBC argues that CCLF is unnecessary
because FICC’s current risk models have
proven to be effective.52
ICBC also argues that CCLF could (i)
result in FICC’s refusal to clear certain
trades, thereby increasing the burden on
the Bank of New York, the only private
bank that clears a large portion of U.S.
government securities; 53 (ii) cause FICC
members to reduce their balance sheets
devoted to the U.S. government
securities markets, which would have
broad negative effects on markets and
taxpayers; 54 (iii) negatively impact
traders with hedge positions, resulting
in negative downstream effects on the
smooth functioning of the U.S.
government securities market; 55 and
46 Ronin
Letter at 1–9.
Letter at 7–9.
48 ICBC Letter at 2–7.
49 ICBC Letter at 2–6.
50 ICBC Letter at 1–2.
51 ICBC Letter at 3.
52 Id.
53 ICBC Letter at 2, 5.
54 ICBC Letter at 3.
55 ICBC Letter at 4.
47 Ronin
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Fmt 4703
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(iv) effectively drain liquidity from
other markets by requiring more
liquidity to be available to FICC than is
necessary.56
B. Supporting Comment
The FICC Letter written in support of
the proposal primarily responds to
Ronin’s assertions. In response to
Ronin’s concerns regarding the potential
economic impacts on smaller non-bank
Netting Members, FICC states that CCLF
was designed to minimize the burden
on smaller Netting Members and
achieve a fair and appropriate allocation
of liquidity burdens.57 Specifically,
FICC notes that it sought to structure
CCLF so that (1) each Netting Member’s
CCLF requirement would be a function
of the liquidity risk that each Netting
Member’s activity presents to GSD; (2)
the allocation of the CCLF requirement
to each Netting Member would be a
‘‘fraction’’ of the Netting Member’s peak
liquidity exposure that it presents to
GSD; 58 and (3) the proposal would
fairly allocate higher CCLF requirements
to Netting Members that generate higher
liquidity needs.59 FICC further notes
that, since CCLF contributions would be
a function of the peak liquidity
exposure that each Netting Member
presents to FICC, FICC asserts that each
Netting Member would be able to
reduce its CCLF contribution by altering
its trading activity.60
In response to Ronin’s assertion that
CCLF could promote concentration and
systemic risk, FICC argues that the
proposal would actually reduce
systemic risk. Specifically, FICC asserts
that, by providing FICC with committed
liquidity to meet its cash settlement
obligations to non-defaulting members
during extreme market stress, CCLF
would promote settlement finality and
the safety and soundness of the
securities settlement system, thereby
reducing systemic risk, as discussed
further below.61
Finally, in response to Ronin’s
concern that CCLF could cause FICC’s
liquidity needs to grow, FICC notes that
56 ICBC
Letter at 5.
Letter at 3–4.
58 Id. at 3. FICC represents that the ratio of CCLF
requirement to Netting Member’s peak liquidity
need is significantly larger, on average, for the top
10 Netting Members compared to all other
members. Id. at 4.
59 Id. at 3–4. FICC notes that the Aggregate
Regular Amount (proposed to be sized at $15
billion) would be applied to all Netting Members
on a pro-rata basis, while the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount, which would make up
approximately 80 percent of the Aggregate Total
Amount, would only apply to the Netting Members
generating the largest liquidity needs (i.e., in excess
of $15 billion). Id. at 4.
60 Id. at 3, 7.
61 Id. at 7–8.
57 FICC
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Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 105 / Friday, June 2, 2017 / Notices
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
in its outreach to Netting Members over
the past two years, bilateral meetings
with individual Netting Members, and
testing designed to evaluate the impact
that changes to a Netting Member’s
trading behavior could have on the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement, FICC has found
opportunities for Netting Members to
reduce their CCLF requirements and, as
a result, decrease the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement.62 Specifically,
FICC notes that during its test period,
which spanned from December 1, 2016
to January 31, 2017, 35 participating
Netting Members voluntarily adjusted
their settlement behavior and settlement
patterns to identify opportunities to
reduce their CCLF requirements.63
According to FICC, the test resulted in
an approximate $5 billion reduction in
FICC’s peak Historical Cover 1 Liquirity
Requirement, highlighting that growth
of the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement could be limited under the
proposal.64
IV. Proceedings To Determine Whether
To Approve or Disapprove the
Proposed Rule Change and Grounds for
Disapproval Under Consideration
The Commission is instituting
proceedings pursuant to Section
19(b)(2)(B) of the Act 65 to determine
whether the Proposed Rule Change
should be approved or disapproved.
Institution of proceedings is appropriate
at this time in view of the legal and
policy issues raised by the Proposed
Rule Change. As noted above,
institution of proceedings does not
indicate that the Commission has
reached any conclusions with respect to
any of the issues involved. Rather, the
Commission seeks and encourages
interested persons to comment on the
Proposed Rule Change, and provide
arguments to support the Commission’s
analysis as to whether to approve or
disapprove the Proposed Rule Change.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the
Act,66 the Commission is providing
notice of the grounds for disapproval
under consideration. The Commission is
instituting proceedings to allow for
additional analysis of the Proposed Rule
Change’s consistency with the Act and
the rules thereunder. Specifically, the
Commission believes that the Proposed
Rule Change raises questions as to
whether it is consistent with (i) Section
17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act,67 which
requires, in part, that clearing agency
rules be designed to assure the
safeguarding of securities in the custody
or control of the clearing agency and, in
general, protect investors and the public
interest; (ii) Section 17A(b)(3)(I) of the
Act,68 which provides that clearing
agency rules cannot impose a burden on
competition that is not necessary or
appropriate in furtherance of the
purposes of the Act; and (ii) Rule 17Ad–
22(e)(7) under the Act,69 which requires
FICC to establish, implement, maintain
and enforce written policies and
procedures reasonably designed to
effectively measure, monitor, and
manage liquidity risk that arises in or is
borne by FICC, including measuring,
monitoring, and managing its settlement
and funding flows on an ongoing and
timely basis, and its use of intraday
liquidity.70
Specifically, Rule 17Ad–22(e)(7)
requires policies and procedures for (i)
maintaining sufficient liquid resources
to effect same-day settlement of
payment obligations in the event of a
default of the participant family that
would generate the largest aggregate
payment obligation for the covered
clearing agency in extreme but plausible
market conditions; 71 (ii) holding
qualifying liquid resources sufficient to
satisfy payment obligations owed to
clearing members; 72 (iii) undertaking
due diligence to confirm that FICC has
a reasonable basis to believe each of its
liquidity providers, whether or not such
liquidity provider is a clearing member,
has (a) sufficient information to
understand and manage the liquidity
provider’s liquidity risks and (b) the
capacity to perform as required under
its commitments to provide liquidity; 73
and (iv) maintaining and testing with
each liquidity provider, to the extent
practicable, FICC’s procedures and
operational capacity for accessing its
relevant liquid resources.74
V. Request for Written Comments
The Commission requests that
interested persons provide written
submissions of their views, data, and
arguments with respect to issues raised
by the Proposed Rule Change. In
particular, the Commission invites the
written views of interested persons
concerning whether the Proposed Rule
Change is consistent with Sections
17A(b)(3)(F) and 17A(b)(3)(I) of the Act,
68 15
62 Id.
at 8–9.
63 Id. at 9–10.
64 Id.
65 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
66 Id.
67 15 U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).
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14:31 Jun 01, 2017
69 17
U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(I).
CFR 240.17Ad–22(e)(7).
70 Id.
71 17
CFR 240.17Ad–22(e)(7)(i).
CFR 240.17Ad–22(e)(7)(ii).
73 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(e)(7)(iv).
74 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(e)(7)(v).
72 17
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25647
Rule 17Ad–22(e)(7) under the Act, cited
above, or any other provision of the Act,
or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Interested persons are invited to submit
written data, views, and arguments on
or before June 19, 2017. Any person
who wishes to file a rebuttal to any
other person’s submission must file that
rebuttal on or before June 23, 2017.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an email to rule-comments@
sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–
FICC–2017–002 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Secretary, Securities and Exchange
Commission, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–FICC–2017–002. This file
number should be included on the
subject line if email is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the Proposed Rule
Change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
Proposed Rule Change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official
business days between the hours of
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such
filings also will be available for
inspection and copying at the principal
office of FICC and on DTCC’s Web site
(https://dtcc.com/legal/sec-rulefilings.aspx). All comments received
will be posted without change; the
Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–FICC–2017–002 and should
be submitted on or before June 19, 2017.
If comments are received, any rebuttal
comments should be submitted on or
before June 23, 2017.
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For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.75
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2017–11471 Filed 6–1–17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Proposed Collection; Comment
Request
Upon Written Request Copies Available
From: Securities and Exchange
Commission, Office of FOIA Services,
100 F Street NE., Washington, DC
20549–2736
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with NOTICES
Extension:
Rule 17g–1 and Form NRSRO, SEC File No.
270–563, OMB Control No. 3235–0625
Notice is hereby given that pursuant
to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the Securities
and Exchange Commission
(‘‘Commission’’) is soliciting comments
on the existing collection of information
provided for in Rule 17g–1, Form
NRSRO and Instructions to Form
NRSRO under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.).1 The
Commission plans to submit this
existing collection of information to the
Office of Management and Budget for
extension and approval.
Rule 17g–1, Form NRSRO and the
Instructions to Form NRSRO contain
certain recordkeeping and disclosure
requirements for nationally recognized
statistical rating organizations
(‘‘NRSROs’’). Currently, there are 10
credit rating agencies registered as
NRSROs with the Commission. Based
on staff experience, NRSROs are
estimated to spend annually a total
industry-wide burden of 2,527 hours
and external cost of $4,000 to comply
with the requirements.
Written comments are invited on: (a)
Whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper
performance of the functions of the
Commission, including whether the
information shall have practical utility;
(b) the accuracy of the Commission’s
estimates of the burden of the proposed
collection of information; (c) ways to
enhance the quality, utility, and clarity
of the information on respondents; and
(d) ways to minimize the burden of the
collection of information on
respondents, including through the use
of automated collection techniques or
other forms of information technology.
75 17
1 See
CFR 200.30–3(a)(57).
17 CFR 240.17g–1 and 17 CFR 249b.300.
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Consideration will be given to
comments and suggestions submitted in
writing within 60 days of this
publication.
The Commission may not conduct or
sponsor a collection of information
unless it displays a currently valid
control number. No person shall be
subject to any penalty for failing to
comply with a collection of information
subject to the PRA that does not display
a valid Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) control number.
Please direct your written comments
to: Pamela Dyson, Director/Chief
Information Officer, Securities and
Exchange Commission, c/o Remi PavlikSimon, 100 F St. NE., Washington, DC
20549 or send an email to: PRA_
Mailbox@sec.gov.
Dated: May 30, 2017.
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2017–11466 Filed 6–1–17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–80802; File No. SR–
NASDAQ–2017–038]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of
Filing of Proposed Rule Change
Relating to the First Trust Municipal
High Income ETF
May 26, 2017.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on May 16,
2017, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(‘‘Nasdaq’’ or ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
(‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’) the proposed
rule change as described in Items I and
II below, which Items have been
prepared by the Exchange. The
Commission is publishing this notice to
solicit comments on the proposed rule
change from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
Exchange’s proposed rule change
relating to the First Trust Municipal
High Income ETF (the ‘‘Fund’’) of First
Trust Exchange-Traded Fund III (the
‘‘Trust’’), the shares of which have been
approved by the Commission for listing
and trading under Nasdaq Rule 5735
(‘‘Managed Fund Shares’’). The shares of
1 15
2 17
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U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
Frm 00054
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
the Fund are collectively referred to
herein as the ‘‘Shares.’’
The text of the proposed rule change
is available on the Exchange’s Web site
at https://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com, at
the principal office of the Exchange, and
at the Commission’s Public Reference
Room.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for
the proposed rule change and discussed
any comments it received on the
proposed rule change. The text of these
statements may be examined at the
places specified in Item IV below. The
Exchange has prepared summaries, set
forth in sections A, B, and C below, of
the most significant aspects of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
The Commission has approved the
listing and trading of Shares under
Nasdaq Rule 5735, which governs the
listing and trading of Managed Fund
Shares on the Exchange.3 However, no
Shares are currently listed and traded
on the Exchange. The Exchange believes
the proposed rule change reflects no
significant issues not previously
addressed in the Prior Release.
The Fund is an actively-managed
exchange-traded fund (‘‘ETF’’). The
Shares will be offered by the Trust,
which was established as a
Massachusetts business trust on January
9, 2008. The Trust, which is registered
with the Commission as an investment
company under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 (the ‘‘1940 Act’’),
has filed a registration statement on
Form N–1A (‘‘Registration Statement’’)
relating to the Fund with the
Commission.4 The Fund is a series of
the Trust.
3 The Commission approved Nasdaq Rule 5735 in
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 57962 (June
13, 2008), 73 FR 35175 (June 20, 2008) (SR–
NASDAQ–2008–039). The Commission previously
approved the listing and trading of the Shares of the
Fund. See Securities Exchange Act Release No.
78913 (September 23, 2016), 81 FR 69109 (October
5, 2016) (SR–NASDAQ–2016–002) (‘‘Prior
Release’’).
4 See Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to
Registration Statement on Form N–1A for the Trust,
dated August 31, 2015 (File Nos. 333–176976 and
811–22245). The descriptions of the Fund and the
Shares contained herein are based, in part, on
information in the Registration Statement. Before
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 105 (Friday, June 2, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 25642-25648]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2017-11471]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-80812; File No. SR-FICC-2017-002]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation;
Order Instituting Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or
Disapprove a Proposed Rule Change To Implement the Capped Contingency
Liquidity Facility in the Government Securities Division Rulebook
May 30, 2017.
I. Introduction
On March 1, 2017, Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (``FICC'')
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'')
proposed rule change SR-FICC-2017-002 (``Proposed Rule Change'')
pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ to implement a Capped
Contingency Liquidity Facility in FICC's Government Securities Division
Rulebook.\3\ The Proposed Rule Change was published for comment in the
Federal Register on March 20, 2017.\4\ To date, the Commission has
received three comment letters to the Proposed Rule Change.\5\ On April
25, 2017, the Commission designated a longer period within which to
approve the Proposed Rule Change, disapprove the Proposed Rule Change,
or institute proceedings to determine whether to approve or disapprove
the Proposed Rule Change.\6\ This order institutes proceedings under
Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act \7\ to determine whether to approve or
disapprove the Proposed Rule Change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ FICC also filed the Proposed Rule Change as advance notice
SR-FICC-2017-802 (``Advance Notice'') pursuant to Section 806(e)(1)
of the Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Supervision Act of 2010, 12
U.S.C. 5465(e)(1), and Rule 19b-4(n)(1)(i) under the Act, 17 CFR
240.19b-4(n)(1)(i). Notice of filing of the Advance Notice was
published for comment in the Federal Register on March 15, 2017.
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80191 (March 9, 2017), 82 FR
13876 (March 15, 2017) (SR-FICC-2017-802). The Commission extended
the deadline for its review period of the Advance Notice from April
30, 2017 to June 29, 2017. Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80520
(April 25, 2017), 82 FR 20404 (May 1, 2017) (SR-FICC-2017-802). The
proposal in the Proposed Rule Change and the Advance Notice shall
not take effect until all regulatory actions required with respect
to the proposal are completed.
\4\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80234 (March 14, 2017),
82 FR 14401 (March 20, 2017) (SR-FICC-2017-002).
\5\ See letter from Robert E. Pooler, Chief Financial Officer,
Ronin Capital LLC, dated April 10, 2017, to Robert W. Errett, Deputy
Secretary, Commission; letter from Alan B. Levy, Managing Director,
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC
(``ICBC''), Philip Vandermause, Director, Aardvark Securities LLC,
David Rutter, Chief Executive Officer, LiquidityEdge LLC, Robert
Pooler, Chief Financial Officer, Ronin Capital LLC, Jason
Manumaleuna, Chief Financial Officer and EVP, Rosenthal Collins
Group LLC, and Scott Skyrm, Managing Director, Wedbush Securities
Inc. (``ICBC Letter''); and letter from Timothy J. Cuddihy, Managing
Director, FICC, dated March 8, 2017, to Robert W. Errett, Deputy
Secretary, Commission (``FICC Letter''), available at https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-ficc-2017-002/ficc2017002.htm. Since the
proposal contained in the Proposed Rule Change was also filed as an
Advance Notice, Release No. 80191, supra note 3, the Commission is
considering all public comments received on the proposal regardless
of whether the comments are submitted to the Proposed Rule Change or
the Advance Notice.
\6\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80524 (April 25,
2017), 82 FR 20685 (May 3, 2017).
\7\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change
FICC's current liquidity resources for its Government Securities
Division (``GSD'') \8\ consist of (i) cash in GSD's clearing fund; (ii)
cash that can be obtained by entering into uncommitted repo
transactions using securities in the clearing fund; (iii) cash that can
be obtained by entering into uncommitted repo transactions using the
securities that were destined for delivery to the defaulting GSD
member; and (iv) uncommitted bank loans.\9\
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\8\ FICC operates two divisions--GSD and the Mortgage-Backed
Securities Division (``MBSD''). GSD provides trade comparison,
netting, risk management, settlement and central counterparty
services for the U.S. government securities market, while MBSD
provides the same services for the U.S. mortgage-backed securities
market. Because GSD and MBSD are separate divisions of FICC, each
division maintains its own rules, members, margin from their
respective members, clearing fund, and liquid resources.
\9\ See Notice, 82 at 14402.
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With this Proposed Rule Change, FICC proposes to amend its GSD
Rulebook (``GSD Rules'') \10\ to establish a rules-based, committed
liquidity resource (i.e., the Capped Contingency Liquidity
Facility[supreg] (``CCLF'')) as an additional liquidity resource
designed to provide FICC with a committed liquidity resource to meet
its cash settlement obligations in the event of a default of the GSD
Netting Member or family of affiliated Netting Members (``Affiliated
Family'') to which FICC has the largest exposure in extreme but
plausible market conditions.\11\
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\10\ GSD Rules, available at www.dtcc.com/legal/rules-and-procedures.aspx.
\11\ As defined in the GSD Rules, the term ``Netting Member''
means a GSD member that is a member of the GSD Comparison System and
the Netting System. Id.
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A. Overview of the Proposal
CCLF would be invoked only if FICC declared a ``CCLF Event,'' which
would occur only if FICC ceased to act for a Netting Member in
accordance to GSD Rule 22A (referred to as a ``default'') and,
subsequent to such default, FICC determined that its other, above-
described liquidity resources could not generate sufficient cash to
statisfy FICC's payment obligations to the non-defaulting Netting
Members. Once FICC declares a CCLF Event, each Netting Member could be
called upon to enter into repurchase transactions with FICC (``CCLF
Transactions'') up to a pre-determined capped dollar amount, as
described below.
1. Declaration of a CCLF Event
Following a default, FICC would first obtain liquidity through its
other available non-CCLF liquidity resources.
[[Page 25643]]
If FICC determined that these sources of liquidity would be
insufficient to meet FICC's payment obligation to its non-defaulting
Netting Members, FICC would declare a CCLF Event. FICC would notify all
Netting Members of FICC's need to make such a declaration and enter
into CCLF Transactions, as necessary, by issuing an Important Notice.
2. CCLF Transactions
Upon declaring a CCLF Event, FICC would meet its liquidity need by
initiating CCLF Transactions with non-defaulting Netting Members. The
Proposed Rule Change would clarify that the original transaction that
created FICC's initial obligation to pay cash to the now Direct
Affected Member, and the Direct Affected Member's initial obligation to
deliver securities to FICC, would be deemed satisfied by entry into the
CCLF Transaction, and that such settlement would be final.
Each CCLF Transaction would be governed by the terms of the
September 1996 Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association
Master Repurchase Agreement,\12\ which would be incorporated by
reference into the GSD Rules as a master repurchase agreement between
FICC as seller and each Netting Member as buyer, with certain
modifications as outlined in the GSD Rules (``CCLF MRA'').
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\12\ The September 1996 Securities Industry and Financial
Markets Association Master Repurchase Agreement (``SIFMA MRA'') is
available at https://www.sifma.org/services/standard-forms-and-documentation/mra,-gmra,-msla-and-msftas/. The SIFMA MRA would be
incorporated by reference into the GSD Rules without referenced
annexes, other than Annex VII (Transactions Involving Registered
Investment Companies), which would be applicable to any Netting
Member that is a registered investment company. FICC represents
that, at the time of filing the Proposed Rule Change, there were no
registered investment companies that are also GSD Netting Members.
See Notice, 82 at 14402.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To initiate CCLF Transactions with non-defaulting Netting Members,
FICC would identify the non-defaulting Netting Members that are
obligated to deliver securities destined for the defaulting Netting
Member (``Direct Affected Members'') and, in return, would be obligated
to receive a cash payment. FICC would need to finance those
transactions through CCLF, in order to cover the defaulting Netting
Member's failure to deliver the cash payment (``Financing Amount'').
FICC would notify each Direct Affected Member of the Direct Affected
Member's Financing Amount and whether such Direct Affected Member
should deliver to FICC or suppress any securities that were destined
for the defaulting Netting Member. FICC would then initiate CCLF
Transactions with each Direct Affected Member for the Direct Affected
Member's purchase of the securities (``Financed Securities'') that were
destined for the defaulting Netting Member.\13\ The aggregate purchase
price of the CCLF Transactions with the Direct Affected Member could
equal but never exceed the Direct Affected Member's maximum funding
obligation (``Individual Total Amount'').\14\
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\13\ FICC states that it would have the authority to initiate
CCLF Transactions with respect to any securities that are in the
Direct Affected Member's portfolio which are bound to the defaulting
Netting Member.
\14\ The sizing of each Direct Affected Member's Individual
Total Amount is described below in Section II.B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If any Direct Affected Member's Financing Amount exceeds its
Individual Total Amount (``Remaining Financing Amount''), FICC would
advise the following categories of Netting Members (collectively,
``Affected members'') that FICC intends to initiate CCLF Transactions
with them for the Remaining Financing Amount: (i) All other Direct
Affected Members with a Financing Amount less than its Individual Total
Amount; and (ii) each Netting Member that has not otherwise entered
into CCLF Transactions with FICC (``Indirect Affected Members'').
FICC states that the order in which FICC would enter into CCLF
Transactions for the Remaining Financing Amount would be based upon the
Affected Members that have the most funding available within their
Individual Total Amounts.\15\ No Affected Member would be obligated to
enter into CCLF Transactions greater than its Individual Total Amount.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ See Notice, 82 at 14403.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
After receiving approval from FICC's Board of Directors to do so,
FICC would engage its investment advisor during a CCLF Event to
minimize liquidation losses on the Financed Securities through hedging,
strategic dispositions, or other investment transactions as determined
by FICC under relevant market conditions. Once FICC liquidates the
underlying securities by selling them to a new buyer (``Liquidating
Trade''), FICC would instruct the Affected Member to close the CCLF
Transaction by delivering the Financed Securities to FICC in order to
complete settlement of the Liquidating Trade. FICC would attempt to
unwind the CCLF Transactions in the order it entered into the
Liquidating Trades. Each CCLF Transaction would remain open until the
earlier of (i) such time that FICC liquidates the Affected Member's
Financed Securities; (ii) such time that FICC obtains liquidity through
its available liquid resources; or (iii) 30 or 60 calendar days after
entry into the CCLF Transaction for U.S. government bonds and mortgage-
backed securities, respectively.
B. CCLF Sizing and Allocation
According to FICC, its overall liquidity need during a CCLF Event
would be determined by the cash settlement obligations presented by the
default of a Netting Member and its Affiliated Family, as described
below. An additional amount (``Liquidity Buffer'') would be added to
account for both changes in Netting Members' cash settlement
obligations that may not be observed during the six-month look-back
period during which CCLF would be sized, and the possibility that the
defaulting Netting Member is the largest CCLF contributor.
FICC believes that its proposal would allocate FICC's observed
liquidity need during a CCLF Event among all Netting Members based on
their historical settlement activity, but states that Netting Members
that present the highest cash settlement obligations would be required
to maintain higher CCLF funding obligations.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The steps that FICC would take to size its overall liquidity need
during a CCLF event and then size and allocate each Netting Member's
CCLF contribution requirement are described below.
Step 1: CCLF Sizing
(A) Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement
FICC's historical liquidity need for the six-month look-back period
would be equal to the largest liquidity need generated by an Affiliated
Family during the preceding six-month period. The amount which would be
determined by calculating the largest sum of an Affiliated Family's
obligation to receive GSD eligible securities, plus the net dollar
amount of its Funds-Only Settlement Amount \17\ (collectively, the
``Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement''). FICC believes that it is
appropriate to calculate the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement
in this manner because the default of such an
[[Page 25644]]
Affiliated Family would generate the largest liquidity need for
FICC.\18\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ According to FICC, the Funds-Only Settlement Amount
reflects the amount that FICC collects and passes to the contra-side
once FICC marks the securities in a Netting Member's portfolio to
the current market value. FICC states that this amount is the
difference between the contract value and the current market value
of a Netting Member's GSD portfolio. FICC states that it would
consider this amount when calculating the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement because in the event that an Affiliated Family
defaults, the Funds-Only Settlement Amount would also reflect the
cash obligation to non-defaulting Netting Members. Id.
\18\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Liquidity Buffer
According to FICC, it is cognizant that the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement would not account for changes in a Netting
Member's current trading behavior, which could result in a liquidity
need greater than the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement. To
account for this potential shortfall, FICC proposes to add a Liquidity
Buffer as an additional amount to the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement, which would help to better anticipate GSD's total
liquidity need during a CCLF Event.
FICC states that the Liquidity Buffer would initially be 20 percent
of the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement (and between 20 to 30
percent thereafter), subject to a minimum amount of $15 billion.\19\
FICC believes that 20 to 30 percent of the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity
Requirement is appropriate based on its analysis and statistical
measurement of the variance of its daily liquidity need throughout 2015
and 2016.\20\ FICC also believes that the $15 billion minimum dollar
amount is necessary to cover changes in a Netting Member's trading
activity that could exceed the amount that is implied by such
statistical measurement.\21\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ See Notice, 82 at 14404. For example, if the Historical
Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement was $100 billion, the Liquidity Buffer
initially would be $20 billion ($100 billion x 0.20), for a total of
$120 billion in potential liquidity resources.
\20\ According to FICC, it uses a statistical measurement called
the ``coefficient of variation,'' which is calculated as the
standard deviation divided by the mean, to quantify the variance of
Affiliated Families' daily liquidity needs. See Notice, 82 at 14403.
FICC states that this is a typical approach used to compare
variability across different data sets. Id. FICC states that it will
use the coefficient of variation to set the Liquidity Buffer by
quantifying the variance of each Affiliated Family's daily liquidity
need. Id. FICC believes that a Liquidity Buffer of 20 to 30 percent,
subject to a minimum of $15 billion, would be an appropriate
Liquidity Buffer because FICC found that, throughout 2015 and 2016,
the coefficient of variation ranged from an average of 15 to 19
percent for Affiliated Families with liquidity needs above $50
billion, and an average of 18 to 21 percent for Affiliated Families
with liquidity needs above $35 billion. Id.
\21\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FICC would have the discretion to adjust the Liquidity Buffer,
within the range of 20 to 30 percent of the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement, based on its analysis of the stability of the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement over various time horizons.
According to FICC, this would help ensure that its liquidity resources
are sufficient under a wide range of potential market scenarios that
may lead to a change in a Netting Member's trading behavior. FICC also
states that it would analyze the trading behavior of Netting Members
that present larger liquidity needs than the majority of the Netting
Members, as described below.\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) Aggregate Total Amount
FICC's anticipated total liquidity need during a CCLF Event (i.e.,
the sum of the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement plus the
Liquidity Buffer) would be referred to as the ``Aggregate Total
Amount.'' The Aggregate Total Amount initially would be set to the
Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement plus the greater of 20 percent
of the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement or $15 billion.
Step 2: Allocation of the Aggregate Total Amount Among Netting Members
(A) Allocation of the Aggregate Regular Amount Among Netting Members
The Aggregate Total Amount would be allocated among Netting Members
in order to arrive at each Netting Member's Individual Total Amount.
FICC would take a tiered approach in its allocation of the Aggregate
Total Amount. First, FICC would determine the portion of the Aggregate
Total Amount that should be allocated among all Netting Members
(``Aggregate Regular Amount''), which FICC states initially would be
set at $15 billion.\23\ FICC believes that this amount is appropriate
because the average Netting Member's liquidity need from 2015 to 2016
was approximately $7 billion, with a majority of Netting Members having
liquidity needs less than $15 billion.\24\ Based on that analysis, FICC
believes that the $15 billion Aggregate Regular Amount should capture
the liquidity needs of a majority of the Netting Members.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ Id.
\24\ From 2015 to 2016, 59 percent of all Netting Members
presented average liquidity needs between $0 to $5 billion, 78
percent of all Netting Members presented average liquidity needs
between $0 and $10 billion, and 85 percent of all Netting Members
presented average liquidity needs between $0 and $15 billion. Id.
\25\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Second, as discussed in more detail below, after allocating the $15
billion Aggregate Regular Amount, FICC would allocate the remainder of
the Aggregate Total Amount (``Aggregate Supplemental Amount'') among
Netting Members that incurred liquidity needs above the Aggregate
Regular Amount within the six-month look-back period. For example, a
Netting Member with a $7 billion peak daily liquidity need would only
contribute to the $15 billion Aggregate Regular Amount, based on the
calculation described below. Meanwhile a Netting Member with a $45
billion Aggregate Regular Amount would contribute towards the $15
billion Aggregate Regular Amount and the Aggregate Supplemental Amount,
as described below.
FICC believes that this tiered approach reflects a reasonable,
fair, and transparent balance between FICC's need for sufficient
liquidity resources and the burdens of the funding obligations on each
Netting Member's management of its own liquidity.\26\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\26\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under the proposal, the Aggregate Regular Amount would be allocated
among all Netting Members, but Netting Members with larger Receive
Obligations \27\ would be required to contribute a larger amount. FICC
believes that this approach is appropriate because a defaulting Netting
Member's Receive Obligations are the primary cash settlement
obligations that FICC would have to satisfy as a result of the default
of an Affiliated Family.\28\ However, FICC also believes that, because
FICC guarantees both sides of a GSD Transaction and all Netting Members
benefit from FICC's risk mitigation practices, some portion of the
Aggregate Regular Amount should be allocated based on Netting Members'
aggregate Deliver Obligations \29\ as well.\30\ As a result, FICC
proposes to allocate the Aggregate Regular Amount based on a scaling
factor. Given that the Aggregate Regular Amount would be initially
sized at $15 billion and would cover approximately 80 percent of
Netting Members' observed liquidity needs, FICC proposes to set the
scaling factor in the range of 65 to 85 percent to the value of Netting
Members' Receive Obligations, and in the range of 15 to 35 percent to
the value of Netting Members' Deliver Obligations.\31\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ ``Receive Obligation'' means a Netting Member's obligation
to receive eligible netting securities from FICC at the appropriate
settlement value, either in satisfaction of all or a part of a Net
Long Position, or to implement a collateral substitution in
connection with a Repo Transaction with a right of substitution. GSD
Rules, supra note 10.
\28\ See Notice, 82 at 14404.
\29\ ``Deliver Obligation'' means a Netting Member's obligation
to deliver eligible netting securities to FICC at the appropriate
settlement value either in satisfaction of all or a part of a Net
Short Position or to implement a collateral substitution in
connection with a Repo Transaction with a right of substitution. GSD
Rules, supra note 10.
\30\ See Notice, 82 at 14404.
\31\ See Notice, 82 at 14404.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FICC states that it would initially assign a 20 percent weighting
[[Page 25645]]
percentage to a Netting Member's aggregate peak Deliver Obligations
(``Deliver Scaling Factor'') and the remaining percentage difference,
80 percent in this case, to a Netting Member's aggregate peak Receive
Obligations (``Receive Scaling Factor'').\32\ FICC would have the
discretion to adjust these scaling factors based on a quarterly
analysis that would, in part, assess Netting Members' observed
liquidity needs that are at or below $15 billion. FICC believes that
this assessment would help ensure that the Aggregate Regular Amount
would be appropriately allocated across all Netting Members.\33\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\32\ For example, assume that a Netting Member's peak Receive
and Deliver Obligations represent 5 and 3 percent, respectively, of
the sum of all Netting Members' peak Receive and Deliver
Obligations. The Netting Member's portion of the Aggregate Regular
Amount (``Individual Regular Amount'') would be $600 million ($15
billion * 0.80 Receive Scaling Factor * 0.05 Peak Receive Obligation
Percentage), plus $90 million ($15 billion * 0.20 Deliver Scaling
Factor * 0.03 Peak Deliver Obligation Percentage), for a total of
$690 million.
\33\ See Notice, 82 at 14404.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) FICC's Allocation of the Aggregate Supplemental Amount Among
Netting Members
The remainder of the Aggregate Total Amount (i.e., the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount) would be allocated among Netting Members that
present liquidity needs greater than $15 billion using Liquidity Tiers.
As described in greater detail in the Notice, the specific allocation
of the Aggregate Supplemental Amount to each Liquidity Tier would be
based on the frequency that Netting Members generated liquidity needs
within each Liquidity Tier, relative to the other Liquidity Tiers.\34\
More specifically, once the Aggregate Supplemental Amount is divided
among the Liquidity Tiers, the amount within each Liquidity Tier would
be allocated among the applicable Netting Members, based on the
relative frequency that a Netting Member generated liquidity needs
within each Liquidity Tier.\35\ FICC explains that this allocation
would result in a larger proportion of the Aggregate Supplemental
Amount being borne by those Netting Members who present the highest
liquidity needs.\36\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ See Notice, 82 at 14404-05.
\35\ For example, if the Aggregate Supplemental Amount is $50
billion and Tier 1 has a relative frequency weighting of 33 percent,
all Netting Members that have generated liquidity needs that fall
within Tier 1 would collectively fund $16.5 billion ($50 billion *
0.33) of the Supplemental Amount. Each Netting Member in that tier
would be responsible for contributing toward the $16.5 billion,
based on the relative frequency that the member generated liquidity
needs within that tier.
\36\ See Notice, 82 at 14404-05.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The sum of a Netting Member's allocation across all Liquidity Tiers
would be such Netting Member's Individual Supplemental Amount. FICC
would add each Netting Member's Individual Supplemental Amount (if any)
to its Individual Regular Amount to arrive at such Netting Member's
Individual Total Amount.
C. FICC's Ongoing Assessment of the Sufficiency of CCLF
As described above, the Aggregate Total Amount and each Netting
Member's Individual Total Amount (i.e., each Netting Member's
allocation of the Aggregate Total Amount) would initially be calculated
using a six-month look-back period that FICC would reset every six
months (``reset period''). FICC states that, on a quarterly basis, FICC
would assess the following parameters used to calculate the Aggregate
Total Amount (and could consider changes to such parameters, if
necessary and appropriate):
The largest peak daily liquidity need of an Affiliated
Family;
the Liquidity Buffer;
the Aggregate Regular Amount;
the Aggregate Supplemental Amount;
the Deliver Scaling Factor and the Receive Scaling Factor
used to allocate the Aggregate Regular Amount;
the increments for the Liquidity Tiers; and
the length of the look-back period and the reset period
for the Aggregate Total Amount.\37\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ See Notice, 82 at 14406.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FICC represents that, in the event that any changes to the above-
referenced parameters result in an increase in a Netting Member's
Individual Total Amount, such increase would be effective as of the
next bi-annual reset.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\38\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additionally, on a daily basis, FICC would examine the Aggregate
Total Amount to ensure that it is sufficient to satisfy FICC's
liquidity needs. If FICC determines that the Aggregate Total Amount is
insufficient to satisfy its liquidity needs, FICC would have the
discretion to change the length of the six-month look-back period, the
reset period, or otherwise increase the Aggregate Total Amount.
Any increase in the Aggregate Total Amount resulting from FICC's
quarterly assessments or FICC's daily monitoring would be subject to
approval from FICC management, as described in the Notice.\39\
Increases to a Netting Member's Individual Total Amount as a result of
its daily monitoring would not be effective until ten business days
after FICC issues an Important Notice regarding the increase.
Reductions to the Aggregate Total Amount would be reflected at the
conclusion of the reset period.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\39\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Implementation of the Proposed Changes and Required Attestation From
Each Netting Member
The CCLF proposal would become operative 12 months after the later
date of the Commission's approval of the Proposed Rule Change and the
Commission's no objection to the related Advance Notice. FICC
represents that, during this 12-month period, it would periodically
provide each Netting Member with estimated Individual Total Amounts.
FICC states that the delayed implementation and the estimated
Individual Total Amounts are designed to give Netting Members the
opportunity to assess the impact that the CCLF proposal would have on
their business profile.\40\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\40\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FICC states that, as of the implementation date and annually
thereafter, FICC would require that each Netting Member attest that it
incorporated its Individual Total Amount into its liquidity plans.\41\
This required attestation, which would be from an authorized officer of
the Netting Member or otherwise in form and substance satisfactory to
FICC, would certify that (i) such officer has read and understands the
GSD Rules, including the CCLF rules; (ii) the Netting Member's
Individual Total Amount has been incorporated into the Netting Member's
liquidity planning; \42\ (iii) the Netting Member acknowledges and
agrees that its Individual Total Amount may be changed at the
conclusion of any reset period or otherwise upon ten business days'
Notice; (iv) the Netting Member will incorporate any changes to its
Individual Total Amount into its liquidity planning; and (v) the
Netting Member will continually reassess its liquidity plans and
related operational plans, including in the event of any changes to
such Netting Member's Individual Total Amount, to ensure such Netting
Member's ability to meet its Individual Total Amount. FICC states that
it may require any Netting Member
[[Page 25646]]
to provide FICC with a new certification in the foregoing form at any
time, including upon a change to a Netting Member's Individual Total
Amount or in the event that a Netting Member undergoes a change in its
corporate structure.\43\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\41\ Id.
\42\ According to FICC, the attestation would not refer to the
actual dollar amount that has been allocated as the Individual Total
Amount. FICC explains that each Netting Member's Individual Total
Amount would be made available to such Member via GSD's access
controlled portal Web site. Id.
\43\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
On a quarterly basis, FICC would conduct due diligence to assess
each Netting Member's ability to meet its Individual Total Amount. This
due diligence would include a review of all information that the
Netting Member has provided FICC in connection with its ongoing
reporting obligations pursuant to the GSD Rules and a review of other
publicly available information. FICC also would test its operational
procedures for invoking a CCLF Event, and Netting Members would be
required to participate in such tests. If a Netting Member failed to
participate in such testing when required by FICC, FICC would be
permitted to take disciplinary measures as set forth in GSD Rule 3,
Section 7.\44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\44\ GSD Rules, supra note 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Liquidity Funding Reports Provided to Netting Members
On each business day, FICC would make a liquidity funding report
available to each Netting Member that would include (i) the Netting
Member's Individual Total Amount, Individual Regular Amount and, if
applicable, its Individual Supplemental Amount; (ii) FICC's Aggregate
Total Amount, Aggregate Regular Amount, and Aggregate Supplemental
Amount; and (iii) FICC's regulatory liquidity requirements as of the
prior business day. The liquidity funding report would be provided for
informational purposes only.
II. Summary of Comments Received
The Commission received three comment letters in response to the
Proposed Rule Change.\45\ Two comment letters, the Ronin Letter and
ICBC Letter, objected to the Proposed Rule Change. One comment letter
from FICC responded to the objections raised by Ronin.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\45\ See supra, note 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Objecting Comments
Ronin argues that the Proposed Rule Change would (1) place an
unfair and anticompetitive burden on smaller Netting Members because
such members do not present any settlement risk to FICC; (2) cause
concentration and systemic risk by potentially forcing smaller Netting
Members to leave GSD (as well as creating a barrier to entry for
prospective new Netting Members) or clear their trades through larger
Netting Members; and (3) cause FICC's liquidity needs to grow by
potentially increasing the size of FICC's largest Netting Members.\46\
As an alternative to the Proposed Rule Change, Ronin suggests that FICC
should instead impose CCLF requirements only on larger Bank Netting
Members that present FICC with settlement risk.\47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\46\ Ronin Letter at 1-9.
\47\ Ronin Letter at 7-9.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Similarly, ICBC argues that the Proposed Rule Change would result
in harmful consequences to smaller Netting Members and other industry
participants.\48\ Specifically, ICBC argues that the Proposed Rule
Change could force smaller Netting Members to exit the clearing
business or terminate their membership with FICC due to the cost of
CCLF funding obligations, thereby (1) increasing market concentration;
(2) decreasing market competition; (3) increasing FICC's credit
exposure to its largest participant families; and (4) driving smaller
Netting Members to clear transactions bilaterally instead of through a
central counterparty.\49\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\48\ ICBC Letter at 2-7.
\49\ ICBC Letter at 2-6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Although ICBC acknowledges that FICC, as a registered clearing
agency, is required to maintain sufficient financial resources to
withstand a default by the largest participant family to which FICC has
exposure in ``extreme but plausible conditions,'' \50\ ICBC argues that
the scenario that CCLF is designed to address is not ``plausible''
because U.S. government securities are riskless assets that would not
suffer a from liquidity shortage, even amidst a financial crisis
similar to that in 2008.\51\ Moreover, ICBC argues that CCLF is
unnecessary because FICC's current risk models have proven to be
effective.\52\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\50\ ICBC Letter at 1-2.
\51\ ICBC Letter at 3.
\52\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ICBC also argues that CCLF could (i) result in FICC's refusal to
clear certain trades, thereby increasing the burden on the Bank of New
York, the only private bank that clears a large portion of U.S.
government securities; \53\ (ii) cause FICC members to reduce their
balance sheets devoted to the U.S. government securities markets, which
would have broad negative effects on markets and taxpayers; \54\ (iii)
negatively impact traders with hedge positions, resulting in negative
downstream effects on the smooth functioning of the U.S. government
securities market; \55\ and (iv) effectively drain liquidity from other
markets by requiring more liquidity to be available to FICC than is
necessary.\56\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ ICBC Letter at 2, 5.
\54\ ICBC Letter at 3.
\55\ ICBC Letter at 4.
\56\ ICBC Letter at 5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Supporting Comment
The FICC Letter written in support of the proposal primarily
responds to Ronin's assertions. In response to Ronin's concerns
regarding the potential economic impacts on smaller non-bank Netting
Members, FICC states that CCLF was designed to minimize the burden on
smaller Netting Members and achieve a fair and appropriate allocation
of liquidity burdens.\57\ Specifically, FICC notes that it sought to
structure CCLF so that (1) each Netting Member's CCLF requirement would
be a function of the liquidity risk that each Netting Member's activity
presents to GSD; (2) the allocation of the CCLF requirement to each
Netting Member would be a ``fraction'' of the Netting Member's peak
liquidity exposure that it presents to GSD; \58\ and (3) the proposal
would fairly allocate higher CCLF requirements to Netting Members that
generate higher liquidity needs.\59\ FICC further notes that, since
CCLF contributions would be a function of the peak liquidity exposure
that each Netting Member presents to FICC, FICC asserts that each
Netting Member would be able to reduce its CCLF contribution by
altering its trading activity.\60\
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\57\ FICC Letter at 3-4.
\58\ Id. at 3. FICC represents that the ratio of CCLF
requirement to Netting Member's peak liquidity need is significantly
larger, on average, for the top 10 Netting Members compared to all
other members. Id. at 4.
\59\ Id. at 3-4. FICC notes that the Aggregate Regular Amount
(proposed to be sized at $15 billion) would be applied to all
Netting Members on a pro-rata basis, while the Aggregate
Supplemental Amount, which would make up approximately 80 percent of
the Aggregate Total Amount, would only apply to the Netting Members
generating the largest liquidity needs (i.e., in excess of $15
billion). Id. at 4.
\60\ Id. at 3, 7.
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In response to Ronin's assertion that CCLF could promote
concentration and systemic risk, FICC argues that the proposal would
actually reduce systemic risk. Specifically, FICC asserts that, by
providing FICC with committed liquidity to meet its cash settlement
obligations to non-defaulting members during extreme market stress,
CCLF would promote settlement finality and the safety and soundness of
the securities settlement system, thereby reducing systemic risk, as
discussed further below.\61\
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\61\ Id. at 7-8.
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Finally, in response to Ronin's concern that CCLF could cause
FICC's liquidity needs to grow, FICC notes that
[[Page 25647]]
in its outreach to Netting Members over the past two years, bilateral
meetings with individual Netting Members, and testing designed to
evaluate the impact that changes to a Netting Member's trading behavior
could have on the Historical Cover 1 Liquidity Requirement, FICC has
found opportunities for Netting Members to reduce their CCLF
requirements and, as a result, decrease the Historical Cover 1
Liquidity Requirement.\62\ Specifically, FICC notes that during its
test period, which spanned from December 1, 2016 to January 31, 2017,
35 participating Netting Members voluntarily adjusted their settlement
behavior and settlement patterns to identify opportunities to reduce
their CCLF requirements.\63\ According to FICC, the test resulted in an
approximate $5 billion reduction in FICC's peak Historical Cover 1
Liquirity Requirement, highlighting that growth of the Historical Cover
1 Liquidity Requirement could be limited under the proposal.\64\
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\62\ Id. at 8-9.
\63\ Id. at 9-10.
\64\ Id.
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IV. Proceedings To Determine Whether To Approve or Disapprove the
Proposed Rule Change and Grounds for Disapproval Under Consideration
The Commission is instituting proceedings pursuant to Section
19(b)(2)(B) of the Act \65\ to determine whether the Proposed Rule
Change should be approved or disapproved. Institution of proceedings is
appropriate at this time in view of the legal and policy issues raised
by the Proposed Rule Change. As noted above, institution of proceedings
does not indicate that the Commission has reached any conclusions with
respect to any of the issues involved. Rather, the Commission seeks and
encourages interested persons to comment on the Proposed Rule Change,
and provide arguments to support the Commission's analysis as to
whether to approve or disapprove the Proposed Rule Change.
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\65\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
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Pursuant to Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act,\66\ the Commission is
providing notice of the grounds for disapproval under consideration.
The Commission is instituting proceedings to allow for additional
analysis of the Proposed Rule Change's consistency with the Act and the
rules thereunder. Specifically, the Commission believes that the
Proposed Rule Change raises questions as to whether it is consistent
with (i) Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act,\67\ which requires, in part,
that clearing agency rules be designed to assure the safeguarding of
securities in the custody or control of the clearing agency and, in
general, protect investors and the public interest; (ii) Section
17A(b)(3)(I) of the Act,\68\ which provides that clearing agency rules
cannot impose a burden on competition that is not necessary or
appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act; and (ii) Rule
17Ad-22(e)(7) under the Act,\69\ which requires FICC to establish,
implement, maintain and enforce written policies and procedures
reasonably designed to effectively measure, monitor, and manage
liquidity risk that arises in or is borne by FICC, including measuring,
monitoring, and managing its settlement and funding flows on an ongoing
and timely basis, and its use of intraday liquidity.\70\
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\66\ Id.
\67\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
\68\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(I).
\69\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(e)(7).
\70\ Id.
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Specifically, Rule 17Ad-22(e)(7) requires policies and procedures
for (i) maintaining sufficient liquid resources to effect same-day
settlement of payment obligations in the event of a default of the
participant family that would generate the largest aggregate payment
obligation for the covered clearing agency in extreme but plausible
market conditions; \71\ (ii) holding qualifying liquid resources
sufficient to satisfy payment obligations owed to clearing members;
\72\ (iii) undertaking due diligence to confirm that FICC has a
reasonable basis to believe each of its liquidity providers, whether or
not such liquidity provider is a clearing member, has (a) sufficient
information to understand and manage the liquidity provider's liquidity
risks and (b) the capacity to perform as required under its commitments
to provide liquidity; \73\ and (iv) maintaining and testing with each
liquidity provider, to the extent practicable, FICC's procedures and
operational capacity for accessing its relevant liquid resources.\74\
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\71\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(e)(7)(i).
\72\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(e)(7)(ii).
\73\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(e)(7)(iv).
\74\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(e)(7)(v).
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V. Request for Written Comments
The Commission requests that interested persons provide written
submissions of their views, data, and arguments with respect to issues
raised by the Proposed Rule Change. In particular, the Commission
invites the written views of interested persons concerning whether the
Proposed Rule Change is consistent with Sections 17A(b)(3)(F) and
17A(b)(3)(I) of the Act, Rule 17Ad-22(e)(7) under the Act, cited above,
or any other provision of the Act, or the rules and regulations
thereunder. Interested persons are invited to submit written data,
views, and arguments on or before June 19, 2017. Any person who wishes
to file a rebuttal to any other person's submission must file that
rebuttal on or before June 23, 2017. Comments may be submitted by any
of the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's Internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an email to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include
File Number SR-FICC-2017-002 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FICC-2017-002. This file
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on
the Commission's Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all
written statements with respect to the Proposed Rule Change that are
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to
the Proposed Rule Change between the Commission and any person, other
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such filings also will be available
for inspection and copying at the principal office of FICC and on
DTCC's Web site (https://dtcc.com/legal/sec-rule-filings.aspx). All
comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does
not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FICC-2017-002 and
should be submitted on or before June 19, 2017. If comments are
received, any rebuttal comments should be submitted on or before June
23, 2017.
[[Page 25648]]
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\75\
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\75\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(57).
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Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2017-11471 Filed 6-1-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P