Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 Thereto, Relating to Listing and Trading of Shares of the Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), 69929-69936 [2014-27707]
Download as PDF
Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 226 / Monday, November 24, 2014 / Notices
(ii) as to which the self-regulatory
organization consents, the Commission
will:
(A) By order approve or disapprove
such proposed rule change, or
(B) institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
should be submitted on or before
December 15, 2014.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.135
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2014–27701 Filed 11–21–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an email to rule-comments@
sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–
FINRA–2014–048 on the subject line.
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–73631; File No. SR–
NYSEArca–2014–41]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE
Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of
a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified
by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4
Thereto, Relating to Listing and
Trading of Shares of the Reality Shares
DIVS Index ETF Under NYSE Arca
Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3)
asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Paper Comments
November 18, 2014.
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Brent J Fields, Secretary, Securities
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street
NE., Washington, DC 20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–FINRA–2014–048. This file
number should be included on the
subject line if email is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official
business days between the hours of 10
a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of such filing
also will be available for inspection and
copying at the principal office of
FINRA. All comments received will be
posted without change; the Commission
does not edit personal identifying
information from submissions. You
should submit only information that
you wish to make available publicly. All
submissions should refer to File
Number SR–FINRA–2014–048 and
I. Introduction
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On April 11, 2014, NYSE Arca, Inc.
(‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘NYSE Arca’’) filed
with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant
to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’ or
‘‘Exchange Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4
thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to
list and trade shares (‘‘Shares’’) of the
Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF
(‘‘Fund’’) under NYSE Arca Equities
Rule 5.2(j)(3). The proposed rule change
was published for comment in the
Federal Register on April 30, 2014.3 On
May 6, 2014, the Exchange filed
Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule
change, which amended and replaced
the proposed rule change in its
entirety.4 On June 6, 2014, the Exchange
filed Amendment No. 4 to the proposed
rule change.5 On June 13, 2014,
135 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72015
(Apr. 24, 2014), 79 FR 24475 (‘‘Notice’’).
4 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange clarified the
valuation of investments for purposes of calculating
net asset value, provided additional details
regarding the dissemination of the Disclosed
Portfolio, and made other minor technical edits to
the proposed rule change. Amendment No. 1
provided clarification to the proposed rule change,
and because it does not materially affect the
substance of the proposed rule change or raise
novel or unique regulatory issues, Amendment No.
1 is not subject to notice and comment.
5 The Exchange filed Amendment No. 2 on June
4, 2014 and withdrew it on June 5, 2014, and filed
Amendment No. 3 on June 5, 2014 and withdrew
it on June 6, 2014. Amendment No. 4 supersedes
both Amendments No. 2 and No. 3. In Amendment
No. 4, the Exchange amended the proposal to reflect
1 15
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69929
pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,6
the Commission designated a longer
period within which to approve the
proposed rule change, disapprove the
proposed rule change, or institute
proceedings to determine whether to
disapprove the proposed rule change.7
On July 29, 2014, the Commission
instituted proceedings under Section
19(b)(2)(B) of the Act 8 to determine
whether to approve or disapprove the
proposed rule change.9 In response to
the Order Instituting Proceedings, the
Commission received two comment
letters on the proposal.10 On October 23,
2014, the Commission designated a
longer period for Commission action on
the Order Instituting Proceedings.11
This order grants approval of the
proposed rule change, as modified by
Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto.
II. Description of the Proposal, as
Modified by Amendments No. 1 and
No. 4 Thereto
A. The Fund, Generally
The Exchange proposes to list and
trade Shares of the Fund under NYSE
Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), which
a change to the name of the Fund and the
underlying index. Specifically, the Exchange
replaced each reference in the proposal to the
‘‘Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth Index
ETF’’ (the original name of the Fund) with a
reference to the ‘‘Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF.’’
Similarly, the Exchange replaced each reference in
the proposal to the ‘‘Reality Shares Isolated
Dividend Growth Index’’ with a reference to the
‘‘Reality Shares DIVS Index.’’ Amendment No. 4 is
a technical amendment and is not subject to notice
and comment as it does not materially affect the
substance of the filing.
6 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
7 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72385,
79 FR 35205 (Jun. 19, 2014). The Commission
designated a longer period within which to take
action on the proposed rule change and designated
July 29, 2014, as the date by which it should
approve, disapprove, or institute proceedings to
determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule
change.
8 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
9 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72714,
79 FR 45574 (Aug. 5, 2014) (‘‘Order Instituting
Proceedings’’). Specifically, the Commission
instituted proceedings to allow for additional
analysis of the proposed rule change’s consistency
with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, which requires,
among other things, that the rules of a national
securities exchange be ‘‘designed to prevent
fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principles of trade,’’ and
‘‘to protect investors and the public interest.’’ See
id.
10 See Letter from Eric R. Ervin, President, Reality
Shares ETF Trust and Reality Shares Advisors, LLC,
and President and CEO, Reality Shares, Inc., to
Kevin M. O’Neill, Deputy Secretary, Commission,
dated August 22, 2014 (‘‘Reality Shares Letter 1’’);
Letter from Eric R. Ervin, President, Reality Shares
ETF Trust and Reality Shares Advisors, LLC, and
President and CEO, Reality Shares, Inc., to Arun
Manoharan, Financial Economist, Commission,
dated October 21, 2014 (‘‘Reality Shares Letter 2’’).
11 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 73417,
79 FR 64430 (Oct. 29, 2014).
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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 226 / Monday, November 24, 2014 / Notices
governs the listing and trading of
Investment Company Units on the
Exchange.12 The Fund is an exchangetraded fund (‘‘ETF’’) that will seek longterm capital appreciation by tracking the
performance of the Reality Shares DIVS
Index (‘‘Index’’). The Shares of the Fund
will be offered by the Reality Shares
ETF Trust (‘‘Trust’’). The Exchange
represents that the Trust will be
registered with the Commission as an
open-end management investment
company.13 Reality Shares Advisors,
LLC will serve as the investment adviser
to the Fund (‘‘Adviser’’).14 The
Exchange states that the Adviser is not
registered as a broker-dealer and is not
affiliated with any broker-dealers.15
ALPS Distributors, Inc. will be the
principal underwriter and distributor of
the Fund’s Shares. The Bank of New
York Mellon will serve as administrator,
custodian, and transfer agent for the
Fund.
B. The Exchange’s Description of the
Fund
asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
The Exchange has made the following
representations and statements in
describing the Fund and its investment
12 NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3)(A) provides
that an Investment Company Unit is a security that
represents an interest in a registered investment
company that holds securities comprising, or
otherwise based on or representing an interest in,
an index or portfolio of securities (or holds
securities in another registered investment
company that holds securities comprising, or
otherwise based on, or representing an interest in,
an index or portfolio of securities).
13 According to the Exchange, the Trust will be
registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940 (‘‘1940 Act’’). On February 6, 2014, the Trust
filed a registration statement on Form N–1A under
the Securities Act of 1933 and the 1940 Act relating
to the Fund, as amended by Pre-Effective
Amendment Number 1, filed with the Commission
on February 6, 2014 (File Nos. 333–192288 and
811–22911) (‘‘Registration Statement’’). In addition,
the Exchange states that the Trust has obtained
certain exemptive relief under the 1940 Act.
Investment Company Act Release No. 30678 (Aug.
27, 2013) (‘‘Exemptive Order’’). The Exchange
represents that investments made by the Fund will
comply with the conditions set forth in the
Exemptive Order.
14 The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Reality Shares, Inc. (‘‘Index Provider’’).
15 According to the Exchange, the Adviser and the
Index Provider have represented that a fire wall
exists around the respective personnel who have
access to information concerning changes and
adjustments to the Index. The Exchange further
represents that in the event (a) the Adviser, any subadviser, or the Index Provider becomes registered as
a broker-dealer or newly affiliated with a brokerdealer, or (b) any new adviser, sub-adviser, or Index
Provider is a registered broker-dealer or becomes
affiliated with a broker-dealer, it will implement a
fire wall with respect to the relevant personnel or
broker-dealer affiliate regarding access to
information concerning the composition or changes
to the portfolio, and will be subject to procedures
designed to prevent the use and dissemination of
material, non-public information regarding such
portfolio.
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strategy, including permitted portfolio
holdings and investment restrictions.16
requirements of Commentary
.01(a)(A).21
Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF
Principal Investments of the Fund
The Fund will seek long-term capital
appreciation and will seek investment
results that, before fees and expenses,
generally correspond to the performance
of the Index. At least 80% of the Fund’s
total assets (exclusive of collateral held
from securities lending, if any) will be
invested in the component securities of
the Index. The Fund will seek a
correlation of 0.95 or better between its
performance and the performance of its
Index (a figure of 1.00 would represent
perfect correlation). The Fund generally
will use a representative sampling
investment strategy.
The Fund will buy (i.e., hold a ‘‘long’’
position in) and sell (i.e., hold a ‘‘short’’
position in) put and call options. The
strategy of taking both a long position in
a security through its ex-dividend date
(the last date an investor can own the
security and receive dividends paid on
the security) and a corresponding short
position in the same security
immediately thereafter is designed to
allow the Fund to isolate its exposure to
the growth of the level of dividends
expected to be paid on such security
while minimizing its exposure to
changes in the trading price of such
security.
The Fund will buy and sell U.S.
exchange-listed options on the S&P 500
Index and U.S. exchange-listed options
on ETFs designed to track the S&P 500
Index. A put option gives the purchaser
of the option the right to sell, and the
issuer of the option the obligation to
buy, the underlying security or
instrument on a specified date or during
a specified period of time. A call option
on a security gives the purchaser of the
option the right to buy, and the writer
of the option the obligation to sell, the
underlying security or instrument on a
specified date or during a specified
period of time. The Fund will invest in
a combination of put and call options
designed to allow the Fund to isolate its
The Index was developed and is
maintained by Reality Shares, Inc.17 The
Exchange states that the Index Provider
is not registered as an investment
adviser or broker dealer and is not
affiliated with any broker-dealers.18 The
Exchange states that the Index for the
Fund does not meet all of the ‘‘generic’’
listing requirements of Commentary
.01(a)(A) to NYSE Arca Equities Rule
5.2(j)(3) applicable to the listing of
Investment Company Units based upon
an index of ‘‘US Component Stocks.’’ 19
Specifically, Commentary .01(a)(A) to
NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3) sets
forth the requirements to be met by
components of an index or portfolio of
US Component Stocks. As discussed in
more detail herein, the Index is
calculated using a proprietary, rulesbased methodology designed to track
market expectations for dividend
growth conveyed in real-time using bidask prices on exchange-listed S&P 500
Index options and exchange-listed
options on exchange traded funds
(‘‘ETFs’’) designed to track the S&P 500
Index.20 The Fund may also invest up
to 20% of its total assets in other
securities such as over-the-counter
(‘‘OTC’’) options, futures, and forward
contracts on the S&P 500 Index, and
OTC options, futures, and forward
contracts on ETFs that track the S&P 500
Index. Because the Index will consist
primarily of S&P 500 Index options and
options on ETFs designed to track the
S&P 500 Index, and not US Component
Stocks, the Index does not satisfy the
16 Additional information regarding the Trust, the
Fund, and the Shares, including investment
strategy, risks, creation and redemption procedures,
fees, portfolio holdings disclosure policies,
distributions, and taxes, among other things, is
included in the Notice, Registration Statement, and
Exemptive Order, as applicable. See Notice, supra
note 3; see also Registration Statement and
Exemptive Order, supra note 13.
17 The Index will be calculated by International
Data Corporation (‘‘IDC’’), which is not affiliated
with the Adviser or Index Provider, and which is
not a broker-dealer or fund advisor.
18 See supra note 15.
19 NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3) defines the
term ‘‘US Component Stock’’ as an equity security
that is registered under Sections 12(b) or 12(g) of
the Act or an American Depositary Receipt, the
underlying equity security of which is registered
under Sections 12(b) or 12(g) of the Act.
20 For purposes of this proposed rule change,
ETFs include Investment Company Units (as
described in NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3)) and
Portfolio Depositary Receipts (as described in NYSE
Arca Equities Rule 8.100). The ETFs all will be
listed and traded in the U.S. on registered
exchanges. The Fund may not invest in leveraged
or inverse leveraged (e.g., 2X, -2X, 3X, or -3X) ETFs
or options on such ETFs.
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21 NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), Commentary
.01(a)(A)(5) provides that all securities in the
applicable index or portfolio shall be US
Component Stocks listed on a national securities
exchange and shall be NMS Stocks as defined in
Rule 600 under Regulation NMS of the Act. The
Exchange states that each component stock of the
S&P 500 Index is a US Component Stock that is
listed on a national securities exchange and is an
NMS Stock. Options, however, are excluded from
the definition of NMS Stock. The Exchange
represents that the Fund and the Index meet all of
the requirements of the listing standards for
Investment Company Units in Rule 5.2(j)(3) and the
requirements of Commentary .01, except the
requirements in Commentary .01(a)(A)(1)–(5),
because the Index includes options on US
Component Stocks.
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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 226 / Monday, November 24, 2014 / Notices
exposure to the growth of the level of
expected dividends reflected in options
on the S&P 500 Index and options on
ETFs tracking the S&P 500 Index, while
minimizing the Fund’s exposure to
changes in the trading price of such
securities.
asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
Index Methodology
The Index will be calculated using a
proprietary, rules-based methodology
designed to track market expectations
for dividend growth conveyed in realtime using the mid-point of the bid-ask
spread on S&P 500 Index options and
options on ETFs designed to track the
S&P 500 Index.22 All options included
in the Index will be listed and traded on
a U.S. national securities exchange. The
Index will consist of a minimum of 20
components.
The prices of index and ETF options
reflect the market trading prices of the
securities included in the applicable
underlying index or ETF, as well as
market expectations regarding the level
of dividends to be paid on such indexes
or ETFs during the term of the option.
The Index constituents, and, therefore,
most of the Fund’s portfolio holdings,
will consist of multiple corresponding
near-term and long-term put and call
option combinations on the same
reference assets (i.e., options on the S&P
500 Index or options on S&P 500 ETFs)
with the same strike price. Because
option prices reflect both stock price
and dividend expectations, they can be
used in combination to isolate either
price exposure or dividend
expectations. The use of near-term and
long-term put and call options
combinations on the same reference
asset with the same strike price, but
with different maturities, is designed to
gain exposure to the expected dividends
reflected in options on the S&P 500
Index and options on ETFs tracking the
S&P 500 Index while neutralizing the
impact of stock price.
Once established, this portfolio
construction of options combinations
will accomplish two goals. First, the use
of corresponding buy or sell positions
on near and long-term options at the
same strike price is designed to
neutralize underlying stock price
movements. In other words, the
corresponding ‘‘buy’’ and ‘‘sell’’
positions on the same reference asset are
22 The Exchange notes that there is no guarantee
that either the level of overall dividends paid by
such companies will grow over time, or that the
Index or Fund’s investment strategies will capture
such growth. The Fund will include appropriate
risk disclosure in its offering documents disclosing
these risks, which will be available for free on the
Commission’s Web site and on the Fund’s Web site,
www.realityshares.com.
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20:32 Nov 21, 2014
Jkt 235001
designed to net against each other and
eliminate the impact that changes to the
stock price of the reference asset would
otherwise have on the value of the Index
(and Fund Shares). Second, by
minimizing the impact of price
fluctuations through the construct of the
near- and long-term contract
combinations, the strategy is designed to
isolate market expectations for
dividends implied between expiration
dates of the near-term and long-term
option contracts. Over time, the Index
will increase or decrease in value as the
dividend spread between the near-term
and long-term options combinations
increases or decreases as a result of
changing market expectations for
dividend growth.
Other Fund Investments
While, as described above, at least
80% of the Fund’s total assets (exclusive
of collateral held from securities
lending, if any) will be invested in the
component securities of the Index, the
Fund may invest up to 20% of its total
assets in other securities and financial
instruments, as described below.
The Fund may invest in: (a) U.S.
exchange-listed futures contracts based
on the S&P 500 Index and ETFs
designed to track the S&P 500 Index;
and (b) forward contracts based on the
S&P 500 Index and ETFs designed to
track the S&P 500 Index. The Fund’s use
of exchange-listed futures contracts and
forward contracts is designed to allow
the Fund to isolate its exposure to the
growth of the level of expected
dividends reflected in options on the
S&P 500 Index and options on ETFs
tracking the S&P 500 Index, while
minimizing the Fund’s exposure to
changes in the trading price of such
securities. The Fund may also buy and
sell OTC options on the S&P 500 Index
and on ETFs designed to track the S&P
500 Index.
The Fund may enter into dividend
and total return swap transactions
(including equity swap transactions)
based on the S&P 500 Index and ETFs
designed to track the S&P 500 Index.23
In a typical swap transaction, one party
agrees to make periodic payments to
another party (‘‘counterparty’’) based on
the change in market value or level of
a specified rate, index, or asset. In
return, the counterparty agrees to make
periodic payments to the first party
based on the return of a different
specified rate, index, or asset. Swap
transactions are usually done on a net
basis, whereby the Fund would receive
23 The Fund will transact only with swap dealers
that have in place an ISDA agreement with the
Fund.
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69931
or pay only the net amount of the two
payments. In a typical dividend swap
transaction, the Fund would pay the
swap counterparty a premium and
would be entitled to receive the value of
the actual dividends paid on the subject
index during the term of the swap
contract. In a typical total return swap,
the Fund might exchange long or short
exposures to the return of the
underlying securities or index to isolate
the value of the dividends paid on the
underlying securities or index
constituents. The Fund also may engage
in interest rate swap transactions. In a
typical interest rate swap transaction
one stream of future interest payments
is exchanged for another. Such
transactions often take the form of an
exchange of a fixed payment for a
variable payment based on a future
interest rate. The Fund intends to use
interest rate swap transactions to
manage or hedge exposure to interest
rate fluctuations.
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its
assets (exclusive of collateral held from
securities lending, if any) in exchangelisted equity securities and derivative
instruments (specifically, futures
contracts, forward contracts, and swap
transactions, as noted above) 24 relating
to the Index and its component
securities that the Adviser believes will
help the Fund track the Index. For
example, the Fund may buy and sell
ETFs and, to a limited extent, individual
large-capitalization equity securities
listed and traded on a U.S. national
securities exchange.
The Fund may invest in the securities
of other investment companies
(including money market funds) to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
The Fund’s short positions and its
investments in swaps, futures contracts,
forward contracts, and options based on
the S&P 500 Index and ETFs designed
to track the S&P 500 Index will be
backed by investments in cash, highquality short-term debt securities, and
money-market instruments in an
amount equal to the Fund’s maximum
liability under the applicable position or
contract, or will otherwise be offset in
accordance with Section 18 of the 1940
Act. Short-term debt securities and
money market instruments include
shares of fixed income or money market
mutual funds, commercial paper,
certificates of deposit, bankers’
24 Where practicable, the Fund intends to invest
in swaps cleared through a central clearing house
(‘‘Cleared Swaps’’). Currently, only certain of the
interest rate swaps in which the Fund intends to
invest are Cleared Swaps, while the dividend and
total return swaps (including equity swaps) in
which the Fund may invest are currently not
Cleared Swaps.
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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 226 / Monday, November 24, 2014 / Notices
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acceptances, U.S. government securities
(including securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government or
its authorities, agencies, or
instrumentalities), repurchase
agreements,25 and bonds that are rated
BBB or higher. In addition to the
investments described above, and in a
manner consistent with its investment
objective, the Fund may invest a limited
portion of its net assets in high-quality,
short-term debt securities and money
market instruments for cash
management purposes.26
The Fund will attempt to limit
counterparty risk in non-cleared swap,
forward, and OTC option contracts by
entering into such contracts only with
counterparties the Adviser believes are
creditworthy and by limiting the Fund’s
exposure to each counterparty. The
Adviser will monitor the
creditworthiness of each counterparty
and the Fund’s exposure to each
counterparty on an ongoing basis.27
The Fund’s investments in swaps,
futures contracts, forward contracts, and
options will be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective and with
the requirements of the 1940 Act.28
25 The Fund may enter into repurchase
agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A
repurchase agreement is an agreement under which
securities are acquired by a fund from a securities
dealer or bank subject to resale at an agreed upon
price on a later date. The acquiring fund bears a risk
of loss in the event that the other party to a
repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations
and the fund is delayed or prevented from
exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral
securities.
26 The Fund may invest in shares of money
market mutual funds to the extent permitted by the
1940 Act.
27 The Fund will seek, where possible, to use
counterparties, as applicable, whose financial status
is such that the risk of default is reduced; however,
the risk of losses resulting from default is still
possible. The Adviser will evaluate the
creditworthiness of counterparties on an ongoing
basis. In addition to information provided by credit
agencies, the Adviser will evaluate each approved
counterparty using various methods of analysis,
such as, for example, the counterparty’s liquidity in
the event of default, the counterparty’s reputation,
the Adviser’s past experience with the
counterparty, and the counterparty’s share of
market participation.
28 To limit the potential risk associated with such
transactions, the Fund will segregate or ‘‘earmark’’
assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in
accordance with procedures established by the
Trust’s Board of Trustees and in accordance with
the 1940 Act (or, as permitted by applicable
regulation, enter into certain offsetting positions) to
cover its obligations arising from such transactions.
These procedures have been adopted consistent
with Section 18 of the 1940 Act and related
Commission guidance. In addition, the Fund will
include appropriate risk disclosure in its offering
documents, including leveraging risk. Leveraging
risk is the risk that certain transactions of the Fund,
including the Fund’s use of derivatives, may give
rise to leverage, causing the Fund to be more
volatile than if it had not been leveraged. To
mitigate leveraging risk, the Adviser will segregate
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20:32 Nov 21, 2014
Jkt 235001
Investment Restrictions
To the extent the Index concentrates
(i.e., holds 25% or more of its total
assets) in the securities of a particular
industry or group of industries, the
Fund will concentrate its investments to
approximately the same extent as the
Index.
The Fund may hold up to an aggregate
amount of 15% of its net assets in
illiquid assets (calculated at the time of
investment) deemed illiquid by the
Adviser, consistent with Commission
guidance.29 The Fund will monitor its
portfolio liquidity on an ongoing basis
to determine whether, in light of current
circumstances, an adequate level of
liquidity is being maintained, and will
consider taking appropriate steps in
order to maintain adequate liquidity if,
through a change in values, net assets,
or other circumstances, more than 15%
of the Fund’s net assets are held in
illiquid assets. Illiquid assets include
securities subject to contractual or other
restrictions on resale and other
instruments that lack readily available
markets as determined in accordance
with Commission staff guidance.
The Fund may make secured loans of
its portfolio securities; however,
securities loans will not be made if, as
a result, the aggregate amount of all
outstanding securities loans by the Fund
exceeds 331⁄3% of its total assets
(including the market value of collateral
received). To the extent the Fund
engages in securities lending, securities
loans will be made to broker-dealers
that the Adviser believes to be of
relatively high credit standing pursuant
to agreements requiring that the loans
continuously be collateralized by cash,
liquid securities, or shares of other
investment companies with a value at
least equal to the market value of the
loaned securities.
The Fund will be classified as a ‘‘nondiversified’’ investment company under
the 1940 Act. The Fund intends to
qualify for and to elect treatment as a
separate regulated investment company
(‘‘RIC’’) under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code.
The Fund’s investments will be
consistent with its investment objective
and will not be used to provide multiple
or ‘‘earmark’’ liquid assets or otherwise cover the
transactions that may give rise to such risk.
29 In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser
may consider the following factors: The frequency
of trades and quotes for the security; the number of
dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and
the number of other potential purchasers; dealer
undertakings to make a market in the security; and
the nature of the security and the nature of the
marketplace in which it trades (e.g., the time
needed to dispose of the security, the method of
soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer).
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returns of a benchmark or to produce
leveraged returns.
III. Summary of Comment Letters
As noted above, the Commission
received two comment letters in
response to the Order Instituting
Proceedings.30 Both comment letters,
which were in favor of the proposal,
sought to address certain questions, as
outlined in the Order Instituting
Proceedings,31 and provide additional
clarification regarding the proposal.
A. Reality Shares Letter 1
In Reality Shares Letter 1, the
commenter offers its responses to the
Commission’s questions. The
commenter responds that the Fund’s
investment strategy is not based on the
assumption that dividend growth is
underpriced by the options markets,
stating that it is instead based on the
expected dividend value to be paid on
S&P 500 securities (as implied in the
price of listed S&P 500 Index options
over time) and the ‘‘historical high
correlation between such expected
dividend values and the value of actual
dividends paid on S&P 500
30 See Reality Shares Letter 1; Reality Shares
Letter 2, supra note 10.
31 In the Order Instituting Proceedings, the
Commission sought comment on the following
questions: (a) Because the Index is designed to
reflect changes in market expectations of future
dividend growth, rather than to track actual
dividend growth, is the Fund’s investment strategy
fundamentally based on an assumption that the
options markets systemically underprice dividend
growth? What are commenters’ views regarding
whether investors would be able to understand the
strategy, risks, potential rewards, assumptions, and
expected performance of the Fund’s strategy? (b)
With respect to the trading of the Shares on the
Exchange, do commenters believe that the
Exchange’s rules governing sales practices are
adequately designed to ensure the suitability of
recommendations regarding the Shares? Why or
why not? If not, should the Exchange’s rules
governing sales practices be enhanced? If so, in
what ways? (c) How closely do commenters think
the market price of the Shares will track the Fund’s
intraday indicative value (‘‘IIV’’) or the intraday
value of the Index? Are certain of these values
likely to be more volatile than others? If so, how
would this affect trading in the Shares? Are the
Shares likely to trade with a significant premium
or discount to IIV? What are commenters’ views of
how effectively the IIV of the Fund would represent
the Fund’s portfolio? What are commenters’ views
of how the Shares’ market price, the Fund’s IIV, and
the intraday value of the Index will relate to one
another during times of market stress? and (d) Does
the liquidity of the long-dated options in which the
Fund will invest differ materially from that of the
short-dated options in which the Fund will invest?
If so, how would that affect the ability of market
makers to engage in arbitrage or to hedge their
positions while making a market in the Shares?
Would the liquidity characteristics of the Index
components or of the options in the Fund’s
portfolio affect the calculation of the Index value,
the calculation of the Fund’s IIV, the calculation of
the Fund’s NAV, or the ability of market makers or
other market participants to value the Shares? If so,
how?
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securities.’’ 32 The commenter then
explains that as the value of actual
dividends paid increases or decreases,
market expectations for dividends
typically move up or down in a
corresponding direction, and that if the
current expected dividend value of the
options in the Fund’s portfolio changes,
the value of an investment in the Fund
changes correspondingly.33
The commenter asserts that the
Fund’s Registration Statement will
sufficiently disclose to investors the key
features of the Fund, including
explanations of how the Fund’s strategy
works and how the Fund is expected to
perform under various market
conditions, and disclosures highlighting
all material risks of investing in the
Fund.34 The commenter believes that
these disclosures and the disclosures in
the Fund’s marketing materials, will
allow investors to understand the
Fund’s investment objective, strategy,
risks, potential rewards, assumptions,
and performance characteristics.35
Further, the commenter believes that the
Exchange’s rules governing sales
practices are sufficient to ensure the
suitability of recommendations to
investors regarding the Fund’s Shares.36
With respect to IIV, the commenter
responds that it believes that the market
price of the Fund Shares will closely
approximate the IIV of the Fund’s
portfolio and the intraday value of the
Fund’s underlying Index.37 While it
believes that ‘‘the Fund’s IIV and
intraday Index values may reflect higher
volatility than the market trading price
of Fund Shares,’’ the commenter does
not expect this will have any material
impact on secondary market trading of
Fund Shares or arbitrage in Fund
Shares.38 The commenter expects that
Authorized Participants and other
institutional investors will quote and
trade the option contracts held by the
Fund in combination (by holding
simultaneous long and short positions
in the same put/call contracts) and that
this combination tends to trade at
tighter bid/ask spreads than do the
individual contracts.39 The commenter
expects that Authorized Participants
and other market makers will factor the
price of the combination trades into
their assessment of the value of Fund
Shares, which will be reflected in the
trading price of Fund Shares.40 The
commenter explains that the Fund’s IIV
and the intraday Index values are based
on the intraday market price of
individual option contracts and do not
reflect the trading price of option
contracts held in combination. So, while
the commenter expects the price of
Fund Shares to closely approximate the
Fund’s IIV and the intraday values of
the Index, it also expects that the
trading price of Fund shares will be less
volatile than the Fund’s IIV and the
intraday value of the Index.41
In times of market stress, the
commenter believes that the Fund’s
Shares will trade within an acceptable
spread to the Fund’s IIV and the
intraday value of the Index.42 The
commenter believes that because the
Fund’s portfolio is transparent and the
Index constituents are publicly
disclosed, market participants will be
able to assess the value of the Fund and
the Index and access the securities
necessary to hedge their position
exposures, even during times of market
stress.43 Further, the commenter asserts
that, ‘‘[b]ecause of the transparency of
the Fund’s portfolio and the liquidity
and transparency of the underlying
listed index options . . . investors will
continue to have the ability to buy and
sell Shares in the secondary market at
fair and representative prices should
there be any material departure from the
IIV.’’ 44
The commenter states that the
liquidity of the longer-dated option
contracts in the Fund’s portfolio will
not differ materially from the liquidity
of the shorter-dated option contracts.45
Further, the commenter explains that
the liquidity characteristics of the
option contracts held by the Fund will
not negatively impact the Fund’s
operation, the calculation of the Index
value, the calculation of the Fund’s IIV,
or the calculation of the Fund’s NAV.46
The commenter believes that the
options contracts provide ‘‘sufficient
and ample liquidity . . . for Authorized
Participants and other investors to
engage in efficient hedging activity, to
value Fund Shares and to make markets
in Fund Shares.’’ 47
69933
B. Reality Shares Letter 2
In Reality Shares Letter 2, the
commenter seeks to address whether the
Fund’s strategy will produce positive
returns for buy-and-hold investors over
the longer term in light of the efficient
nature of markets and the ability of
astute market participants to predict
dividend growth.48 The commenter
claims that the historical returns of the
Fund’s strategy have been positive over
long periods of time and that an investor
can reasonably expect returns in the
future that are non-zero and positive in
the long term.49
In support of this claim, the
commenter argues that all investments,
even in perfectly efficient markets, are
expected to have, at minimum, a riskfree rate associated with them.50 For
example, Treasury Bills (theoretically
risk-free assets) are discounted by the
risk-free rate in order to entice investors
to purchase them.51 Thus, even in a
perfectly efficient market such as the
one for Treasury Bills, an investment in
a riskless asset will produce a long-term
return greater than zero.52 In addition,
the commenter adds that, if any
uncertainty surrounds the future payoff
of an investment, one would expect a
risk premium to be attached to the
investment.53 This would be quantified
as the amount of money by which the
expected return on the asset exceeds the
known return of a risk-free asset.54 This
risk premium compensates investors for
the uncertainty in their investment in a
risky asset.55 If the dividend risk
premium were low, one would expect
the strategy to earn less than the actual
growth of dividends; if dividend risk
premium were high, one would expect
the strategy to earn more than actual
dividend growth.56 The commenter
notes that, while expected dividend
returns may not match dividend growth
exactly, the rate of return would (at a
minimum) be expected to be equal to
the risk free rate, plus the risk
premium.57
The commenter further asserts that,
beyond the theoretical analogy stated
above, an investment in the expected
dividend implied in the options markets
has historically produced positive
returns and that the Fund’s strategy can
48 See
Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at
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1.
32 See
40 See
id., at 3.
id., at 3–4.
35 See id., at 4.
36 See id., at 5.
37 See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at
6.
38 See
39 See
id.
id.
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50 See
id.
id.
51 See id.
52 See id.
53 See Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at
id., at 7.
id.
42 See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at
33 See
34 See
49 See
41 See
Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at
2–3.
9.
43 See
id.
id., at 10.
45 See id.
46 See id., at 11.
47 See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at
12.
44 See
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2.
54 See
id.
id.
56 See id.
57 See id.
55 See
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be expected to produce future positive
long-term returns.58 While the
commenter believes that it is possible
for implied dividend strategies to
outperform equity returns, as well as
actual dividend growth, the commenter
argues that the foundation of the Fund’s
investment strategy is predicated on its
conclusion that implied dividends carry
risk and that, in an efficient market, this
risk will be reflected in the form of a
dividend risk premium.59
IV. Discussion and Commission
Findings
The Commission has carefully
considered the proposal and the
comments submitted in response to the
questions raised by the Commission in
the Order Instituting Proceedings. For
the reasons discussed below, the
Commission finds that the Exchange’s
proposal to list and trade the Shares is
consistent with the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations thereunder
applicable to a national securities
exchange.60 In particular, the
Commission finds that the proposed
rule change, as modified by
Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto,
is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the
Exchange Act,61 which requires, among
other things, that the Exchange’s rules
be designed to promote just and
equitable principles of trade, to remove
impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market
and a national market system, and, in
general, to protect investors and the
public interest.
The Commission also finds that the
proposal to list and trade the Shares on
the Exchange is consistent with Section
11A(a)(1)(C)(iii) of the Exchange Act,62
which sets forth Congress’ finding that
it is in the public interest and
appropriate for the protection of
investors and the maintenance of fair
and orderly markets to assure the
availability to brokers, dealers, and
investors of information with respect to
quotations for and transactions in
securities. Quotation and last-sale
information for the Shares will be
available via the Consolidated Tape
Association (‘‘CTA’’) high-speed line.
The value of the Index will be published
by one or more major market data
vendors every 15 seconds during the
NYSE Arca Core Trading Session of 9:30
58 See
Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at
2.
59 See
id., at 3.
approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission has considered the proposed rule’s
impact on efficiency, competition, and capital
formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
61 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
62 15 U.S.C. 78k–1(a)(1)(C)(iii).
60 In
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a.m. E.T. to 4:00 p.m. E.T. Information
about the Index constituents, the
weighting of the constituents, the
Index’s methodology, and the Index’s
rules will be available at no charge on
the Index Provider’s Web site at
www.realityshares.com. In addition, the
Intraday Indicative Value (‘‘IIV’’) as
defined in NYSE Arca Equities Rule
5.2(j)(3), Commentary 01(c), will be
widely disseminated at least every 15
seconds during the Core Trading
Session by one or more major market
data vendors.63 On each business day,
before commencement of trading in
Shares in the Core Trading Session on
the Exchange, the Fund will disclose on
its Web site the ‘‘Disclosed Portfolio’’
(as such term is defined in NYSE Arca
Equities Rule 8.600(c)(2)) that will form
the basis for the Fund’s calculation of
NAV at the end of the business day.64
In addition, a portfolio composition file,
which includes the security names and
quantities, as applicable, required to be
delivered in exchange for the Fund’s
Shares, together with estimates and
actual cash components, will be
publicly disseminated daily prior to the
opening of the New York Stock
Exchange (‘‘NYSE’’) via the National
Securities Clearing Corporation. The
portfolio composition file will represent
one Creation Unit of Shares of the Fund.
The Fund will calculate its NAV by: (i)
Taking the current market value of its
total assets; (ii) subtracting any
liabilities; and (iii) dividing that amount
by the total number of Shares
outstanding. The Fund will calculate
NAV once each business day as of the
regularly scheduled close of trading on
the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern
63 According
to the Exchange, several major
market data vendors display and/or make widely
available IIVs taken from the CTA or other data
feeds.
64 Under accounting procedures to be followed by
the Fund, trades made on the prior business day
(‘‘T’’) will be booked and reflected in NAV on the
current business day (‘‘T+1’’). Accordingly, the
Fund will be able to disclose at the beginning of the
business day the portfolio that will form the basis
for the NAV calculation at the end of the business
day. On a daily basis, the Adviser, on behalf of the
Fund, will disclose on the Fund’s Web site the
following information regarding each portfolio
holding, as applicable to the type of holding: Ticker
symbol, CUSIP number or other identifier, if any;
a description of the holding (including the type of
holding, such as the type of swap); the identity of
the security, commodity, index, or other asset or
instrument underlying the holding, if any; for
options, the option strike price; quantity held (as
measured by, for example, par value, notional value
or number of shares, contracts or units); maturity
date, if any; coupon rate, if any; effective date, if
any; market value of the holding; and the
percentage weighting of the holding in the Fund’s
portfolio. The Web site information will be publicly
available at no charge.
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Time).65 The intra-day, closing, and
settlement prices of the portfolio
securities and other Fund investments,
including futures and exchange-traded
equities, ETFs, and exchange-traded
options,66 will also be readily available
from the national securities exchanges
trading such securities, automated
quotation systems, published or other
public sources, and, with respect to
OTC options, swap transactions, and
forward transactions, from third party
pricing sources, or on-line information
services such as Bloomberg or Reuters.
The intra-day, closing, and settlement
prices of debt securities and money
market instruments will be readily
available from published and other
public sources or on-line information
services. Price information regarding
investment company securities,
including ETFs, will be available from
on-line information services and from
the Web site for the applicable
investment company security.
Information regarding market price and
trading volume of the Shares will be
continually available on a real-time
basis throughout the day on brokers’
computer screens and other electronic
services. Information regarding the
previous day’s closing price and trading
volume information for the Shares will
be published daily in the financial
section of newspapers. The Fund’s Web
site will include a form of the
prospectus for the Fund that may be
downloaded and additional data
relating to NAV and other applicable
quantitative information.
The Commission also believes that the
proposal to list and trade the Shares is
reasonably designed to promote fair
disclosure of information that may be
65 The Trust will generally value exchange-listed
equity securities (which include common stocks
and ETFs) and exchange-listed options, including
options on the S&P 500 Index and options on ETFs,
at market closing prices. Market closing price is
generally determined on the basis of last reported
sales prices on the applicable exchange, or if no
sales are reported, based on the mid-point between
the last reported bid and ask. The Trust will
generally value exchange-listed futures at the
settlement price determined by the applicable
exchange. Non-exchange-traded derivatives,
including OTC options, swap transactions, and
forward transactions, will normally be valued on
the basis of quotations or equivalent indication of
value supplied by an independent pricing service
or major market makers or dealers. Debt securities
and money market instruments generally will be
valued based on prices provided by independent
pricing services, which may use valuation models
or matrix pricing to determine current value.
Investment company securities (other than ETFs)
will be valued at NAV. The Trust generally will use
amortized cost to value fixed income or money
market securities that have a remaining maturity of
60 days or less.
66 Information relating to U.S. exchange-listed
options is available via the Options Price Reporting
Authority.
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necessary to price the Shares
appropriately and to prevent trading
when a reasonable degree of
transparency cannot be assured. The
Exchange represents that trading in
Shares of the Fund will be halted if the
circuit breaker parameters in NYSE Arca
Equities Rule 7.12 have been reached.
Trading also may be halted because of
market conditions or for reasons that, in
the view of the Exchange, make trading
in the Shares inadvisable.67 In addition,
if the IIV, the Index Value or the value
of the Index Components is not being
disseminated as required, the Exchange
may halt trading during the day in
which the disruption occurs; if the
interruption persists past the day in
which it occurred, the Exchange will
halt trading no later than the beginning
of the trading day following the
interruption. The Exchange will obtain
a representation from the Fund that the
NAV for the Fund will be calculated
daily and will be made available to all
market participants at the same time.
Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule
7.34(a)(5), if the Exchange becomes
aware that the NAV for the Fund is not
being disseminated to all market
participants at the same time, it will halt
trading in the Shares until such time as
the NAV is available to all market
participants.
The Exchange states that it has a
general policy prohibiting the
distribution of material, non-public
information by its employees. The
Commission notes that the Index
Provider is not registered as an
investment adviser or broker dealer and
is not affiliated with any broker-dealers,
and the Adviser is not registered as a
broker-dealer and is not affiliated with
any broker-dealers.68 Prior to the
67 These reasons may include: (1) The extent to
which trading is not occurring in the securities or
the financial instruments comprising the Disclosed
Portfolio of the Fund; or (2) whether other unusual
conditions or circumstances detrimental to the
maintenance of a fair and orderly market are
present. The Exchange represents that it may
consider all relevant factors in exercising its
discretion to halt or suspend trading in the Shares
of the Fund.
68 See supra note 15 and accompanying text. The
Exchange states that an investment adviser to an
open-end fund is required to be registered under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (‘‘Advisers Act’’).
As a result, the Adviser and its related personnel
are subject to the provisions of Rule 204A–1 under
the Advisers Act relating to codes of ethics. This
Rule requires investment advisers to adopt a code
of ethics that reflects the fiduciary nature of the
relationship to clients as well as compliance with
other applicable securities laws. Accordingly,
procedures designed to prevent the communication
and misuse of non-public information by an
investment adviser must be consistent with Rule
204A–1 under the Advisers Act. In addition, Rule
206(4)–7 under the Advisers Act makes it unlawful
for an investment adviser to provide investment
advice to clients unless such investment adviser has
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commencement of trading, the Exchange
will inform its Equity Trading Permit
Holders in an Information Bulletin of
the special characteristics and risks
associated with trading the Shares. The
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(‘‘FINRA’’), on behalf of the Exchange,69
will communicate as needed regarding
trading in the Shares, exchange-listed
equity securities, ETFs, futures
contracts, and exchange-traded options
contracts with other markets and other
entities that are members of the
Intermarket Surveillance Group (‘‘ISG’’),
and FINRA, on behalf of the Exchange,
may obtain trading information
regarding trading in the Shares,
exchange-listed equity securities, ETFs,
futures contracts, and exchange-traded
options contracts from such markets and
other entities. In addition, the Exchange
may obtain information regarding
trading in the Shares, exchange-listed
equity securities, ETFs, futures
contracts, and exchange-traded options
contracts from markets and other
entities that are members of ISG or with
which the Exchange has in place a
comprehensive surveillance sharing
agreement.70 All exchange-listed equity
securities, ETFs, futures contracts and
options held by the Fund will be traded
on U.S. exchanges, all of which are
members of ISG or are exchanges with
which the Exchange has in place a
comprehensive surveillance sharing
agreement. In addition, FINRA, on
behalf of the Exchange, is able to access,
as needed, trade information for certain
fixed income securities held by the
Fund reported to FINRA’s Trade
Reporting and Compliance Engine.
The Exchange deems the Shares to be
equity securities, thus rendering trading
in the Shares subject to the Exchange’s
existing rules governing the trading of
equity securities. In support of this
(i) adopted and implemented written policies and
procedures reasonably designed to prevent
violation, by the investment adviser and its
supervised persons, of the Advisers Act and the
Commission rules adopted thereunder; (ii)
implemented, at a minimum, an annual review
regarding the adequacy of the policies and
procedures established pursuant to subparagraph (i)
above and the effectiveness of their
implementation; and (iii) designated an individual
(who is a supervised person) responsible for
administering the policies and procedures adopted
under subparagraph (i) above.
69 The Exchange states that FINRA surveils
trading on the Exchange pursuant to a regulatory
services agreement. The Exchange is responsible for
FINRA’s performance under this regulatory services
agreement.
70 For a list of the current members of ISG, see
www.isgportal.org. The Exchange notes that not all
components of the portfolio for the Fund may trade
on markets that are members of ISG or with which
the Exchange has in place a comprehensive
surveillance sharing agreement.
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69935
proposal, the Exchange has made
representations, including:
(1) The Exchange has appropriate
rules to facilitate transactions in the
Shares during all trading sessions
(Opening, Core, and Late Trading
Sessions).
(2) The Shares will conform to the
initial and continued listing criteria
under NYSE Arca Equities Rules
5.2(j)(3) and 5.5(g)(2), except that the
Index will not meet the requirements of
NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3),
Commentary .01(a)(A)(1)–(5) in that the
Index will consist of options based on
US Component Stocks (i.e., ETFs based
on the S&P 500 Index) and options on
an index of US Component Stocks (i.e.,
S&P 500 Index options), rather than US
Component Stocks themselves. The
Index will include a minimum of 20
components and, therefore, would meet
the numerical requirement of NYSE
Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3),
Commentary .01(a)(A)(4) (a minimum of
13 index or portfolio components).
(3) Trading in the Shares will be
subject to the existing trading
surveillances, administered by FINRA
on behalf of the Exchange, which are
designed to detect violations of
Exchange rules and applicable federal
securities laws, and that these
procedures are adequate to properly
monitor Exchange trading of the Shares
in all trading sessions and to detect and
help deter violations of Exchange rules
and federal securities laws applicable to
trading on the Exchange.
(4) Prior to the commencement of
trading, the Exchange will inform its
Equity Trading Permit Holders in an
Information Bulletin of the special
characteristics and risks associated with
trading the Shares. Specifically, the
Information Bulletin will discuss the
following: (a) The procedures for
purchases and redemptions of Shares in
Creation Unit aggregations (and that
Shares are not individually redeemable);
(b) NYSE Arca Equities Rule 9.2(a),
which imposes a duty of due diligence
on its Equity Trading Permit Holders to
learn the essential facts relating to every
customer prior to trading the Shares; (c)
the risks involved in trading the Shares
during the Opening and Late Trading
Sessions when an updated IIV or Index
value will not be calculated or publicly
disseminated; (d) how information
regarding the IIV and Index value will
be disseminated; (e) the requirement
that Equity Trading Permit Holders
deliver a prospectus to investors
purchasing newly issued Shares prior to
or concurrently with the confirmation of
a transaction; and (f) trading
information.
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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 226 / Monday, November 24, 2014 / Notices
(5) For initial and continued listing,
the Fund will be in compliance with
Rule 10A–3 under the Exchange Act,71
as provided by NYSE Arca Equities Rule
5.3.
(6) At least 80% of the Fund’s total
assets (exclusive of collateral held from
securities lending, if any) will be
invested in the component securities of
the Index. The Fund will seek a
correlation of 0.95 or better between its
performance and the performance of its
Index. A figure of 1.00 would represent
perfect correlation. All options included
in the Index will be listed and traded on
a U.S. national securities exchange.
(7) The Fund’s investments in swaps,
futures contracts, forward contracts and
options will be consistent with the
Fund’s investment objective and with
the requirements of the 1940 Act. To
limit the potential risk associated with
such transactions, the Fund will
segregate or ‘‘earmark’’ assets
determined to be liquid by the Adviser
in accordance with procedures
established by the Trust’s Board of
Trustees and in accordance with the
1940 Act (or, as permitted by applicable
regulation, enter into certain offsetting
positions) to cover its obligations arising
from such transactions. These
procedures have been adopted
consistent with Section 18 of the 1940
Act and related Commission guidance.
In addition, the Fund will include
appropriate risk disclosure in its
offering documents, including
leveraging risk. Leveraging risk is the
risk that certain transactions of the
Fund, including the Fund’s use of
derivatives, may give rise to leverage,
causing the Fund to be more volatile
than if it had not been leveraged. To
mitigate leveraging risk, the Adviser
will segregate or ‘‘earmark’’ liquid assets
or otherwise cover the transactions that
may give rise to such risk. The Fund
may not invest in leveraged or inverse
leveraged (e.g., 2X, ¥2X, 3X, or ¥3X)
ETFs or options on such ETFs. The
Fund’s investments will be consistent
with its investment objective and will
not be used to provide multiple returns
of a benchmark or to produce leveraged
returns.
(8) The Fund will transact only with
swap dealers that have in place an ISDA
agreement with the Fund. Where
practicable, the Fund intends to invest
in Cleared Swaps. The Fund will
attempt to limit counterparty risk in
non-cleared swap, forward, and OTC
option contracts by entering into such
contracts only with counterparties the
Adviser believes are creditworthy and
by limiting the Fund’s exposure to each
counterparty. The Adviser will monitor
the creditworthiness of each
counterparty and the Fund’s exposure to
each counterparty on an ongoing basis.
The Fund will seek, where possible, to
use counterparties, as applicable, whose
financial status is such that the risk of
default is reduced. The Adviser will
evaluate the creditworthiness of
counterparties on an ongoing basis. In
addition to information provided by
credit agencies, the Adviser will
evaluate each approved counterparty
using various methods of analysis, such
as, for example, the counterparty’s
liquidity in the event of default, the
counterparty’s reputation, the Adviser’s
past experience with the counterparty,
and the counterparty’s share of market
participation.
(9) The Fund may hold up to an
aggregate amount of 15% of its net
assets in illiquid assets (calculated at
the time of investment) deemed illiquid
by the Adviser, consistent with
Commission guidance.
(10) A minimum of 100,000 Shares for
the Fund will be outstanding at the
commencement of trading on the
Exchange.
(11) The Fund will include
appropriate risk disclosure in its
offering documents, which will be
available on the Commission’s Web site
and on the Fund’s Web site,
www.realityshares.com.
This approval order is based on all of
the Exchange’s representations,
including those set forth above and in
the Notice, and the Exchange’s
description of the Fund.
For the foregoing reasons, the
Commission finds that the proposed
rule change, as modified by
Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto,
is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the
Act 72 and the rules and regulations
thereunder applicable to a national
securities exchange.
V. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,73 that the
proposed rule change (SR–NYSEArca–
2014–41), as modified by Amendments
No. 1 and No. 4 thereto, be, and it
hereby is, approved.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.74
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2014–27707 Filed 11–21–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
72 15
U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
73 Id.
71 17
CFR 240.10A–3.
VerDate Sep<11>2014
20:32 Nov 21, 2014
74 17
Jkt 235001
PO 00000
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
Frm 00115
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–73627; File No. SR–CME–
2014–28]
Self-Regulatory Organizations;
Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.;
Notice of Withdrawal of Proposed Rule
Change Related to Enhancements to
Risk Model for Credit Default Swaps
November 18, 2014.
On August 8, 2014, Chicago
Mercantile Exchange Inc. (‘‘CME’’) filed
with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant
to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 1 and Rule 19b–
4 thereunder,2 a proposed rule change
(SR–CME–2014–28) relating to CME’s
Risk Model for Credit Default Swaps
(‘‘CDS’’) as it applied only to broadbased index CDS products cleared by
CME, and would not be applicable to
security-based swaps. Notice of the
proposed rule change was published in
the Federal Register on August 18,
2014.3 Notice of Amendment No. 2 to
the proposed rule change was published
in the Federal Register on September 8,
2014.4 The Commission did not receive
comments on the proposal.
On October 1, 2014, the Commission
extended the time period in which to
either approve the proposed rule
change, disapprove the proposed rule
change, or institute proceedings to
determine whether to disapprove the
proposed rule change to November 16,
2014.5 On November 14, 2014, CME
withdrew the proposed rule change
(SR–CME–2014–28).
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.6
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2014–27705 Filed 11–21–14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
1 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34–72834
(August 13, 2014), 79 FR 48805 (August 18, 2014)
(SR–CME–2014–28).
4 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34–72959
(September 2, 2014), 79 FR 53234 (September 8,
2014) (SR–CME–2014–28). On August 18, 2014,
CME filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule
change. CME withdrew Amendment No. 1 on
August 29, 2014.
5 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34–73283
(October 1, 2014), 79 FR 60563 (October 7, 2014)
(SR–CME–2014–28).
6 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
2 17
E:\FR\FM\24NON1.SGM
24NON1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 226 (Monday, November 24, 2014)]
[Notices]
[Pages 69929-69936]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-27707]
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-73631; File No. SR-NYSEArca-2014-41]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting
Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendments No. 1 and
No. 4 Thereto, Relating to Listing and Trading of Shares of the Reality
Shares DIVS Index ETF Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3)
November 18, 2014.
I. Introduction
On April 11, 2014, NYSE Arca, Inc. (``Exchange'' or ``NYSE Arca'')
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''),
pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'' or ``Exchange Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a
proposed rule change to list and trade shares (``Shares'') of the
Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF (``Fund'') under NYSE Arca Equities Rule
5.2(j)(3). The proposed rule change was published for comment in the
Federal Register on April 30, 2014.\3\ On May 6, 2014, the Exchange
filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change, which amended and
replaced the proposed rule change in its entirety.\4\ On June 6, 2014,
the Exchange filed Amendment No. 4 to the proposed rule change.\5\ On
June 13, 2014, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,\6\ the
Commission designated a longer period within which to approve the
proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule change, or institute
proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule
change.\7\ On July 29, 2014, the Commission instituted proceedings
under Section 19(b)(2)(B) of the Act \8\ to determine whether to
approve or disapprove the proposed rule change.\9\ In response to the
Order Instituting Proceedings, the Commission received two comment
letters on the proposal.\10\ On October 23, 2014, the Commission
designated a longer period for Commission action on the Order
Instituting Proceedings.\11\ This order grants approval of the proposed
rule change, as modified by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72015 (Apr. 24,
2014), 79 FR 24475 (``Notice'').
\4\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange clarified the valuation of
investments for purposes of calculating net asset value, provided
additional details regarding the dissemination of the Disclosed
Portfolio, and made other minor technical edits to the proposed rule
change. Amendment No. 1 provided clarification to the proposed rule
change, and because it does not materially affect the substance of
the proposed rule change or raise novel or unique regulatory issues,
Amendment No. 1 is not subject to notice and comment.
\5\ The Exchange filed Amendment No. 2 on June 4, 2014 and
withdrew it on June 5, 2014, and filed Amendment No. 3 on June 5,
2014 and withdrew it on June 6, 2014. Amendment No. 4 supersedes
both Amendments No. 2 and No. 3. In Amendment No. 4, the Exchange
amended the proposal to reflect a change to the name of the Fund and
the underlying index. Specifically, the Exchange replaced each
reference in the proposal to the ``Reality Shares Isolated Dividend
Growth Index ETF'' (the original name of the Fund) with a reference
to the ``Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF.'' Similarly, the Exchange
replaced each reference in the proposal to the ``Reality Shares
Isolated Dividend Growth Index'' with a reference to the ``Reality
Shares DIVS Index.'' Amendment No. 4 is a technical amendment and is
not subject to notice and comment as it does not materially affect
the substance of the filing.
\6\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
\7\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72385, 79 FR 35205
(Jun. 19, 2014). The Commission designated a longer period within
which to take action on the proposed rule change and designated July
29, 2014, as the date by which it should approve, disapprove, or
institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the
proposed rule change.
\8\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(B).
\9\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 72714, 79 FR 45574
(Aug. 5, 2014) (``Order Instituting Proceedings''). Specifically,
the Commission instituted proceedings to allow for additional
analysis of the proposed rule change's consistency with Section
6(b)(5) of the Act, which requires, among other things, that the
rules of a national securities exchange be ``designed to prevent
fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and
equitable principles of trade,'' and ``to protect investors and the
public interest.'' See id.
\10\ See Letter from Eric R. Ervin, President, Reality Shares
ETF Trust and Reality Shares Advisors, LLC, and President and CEO,
Reality Shares, Inc., to Kevin M. O'Neill, Deputy Secretary,
Commission, dated August 22, 2014 (``Reality Shares Letter 1'');
Letter from Eric R. Ervin, President, Reality Shares ETF Trust and
Reality Shares Advisors, LLC, and President and CEO, Reality Shares,
Inc., to Arun Manoharan, Financial Economist, Commission, dated
October 21, 2014 (``Reality Shares Letter 2'').
\11\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 73417, 79 FR 64430
(Oct. 29, 2014).
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II. Description of the Proposal, as Modified by Amendments No. 1 and
No. 4 Thereto
A. The Fund, Generally
The Exchange proposes to list and trade Shares of the Fund under
NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), which
[[Page 69930]]
governs the listing and trading of Investment Company Units on the
Exchange.\12\ The Fund is an exchange-traded fund (``ETF'') that will
seek long-term capital appreciation by tracking the performance of the
Reality Shares DIVS Index (``Index''). The Shares of the Fund will be
offered by the Reality Shares ETF Trust (``Trust''). The Exchange
represents that the Trust will be registered with the Commission as an
open-end management investment company.\13\ Reality Shares Advisors,
LLC will serve as the investment adviser to the Fund (``Adviser'').\14\
The Exchange states that the Adviser is not registered as a broker-
dealer and is not affiliated with any broker-dealers.\15\ ALPS
Distributors, Inc. will be the principal underwriter and distributor of
the Fund's Shares. The Bank of New York Mellon will serve as
administrator, custodian, and transfer agent for the Fund.
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\12\ NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3)(A) provides that an
Investment Company Unit is a security that represents an interest in
a registered investment company that holds securities comprising, or
otherwise based on or representing an interest in, an index or
portfolio of securities (or holds securities in another registered
investment company that holds securities comprising, or otherwise
based on, or representing an interest in, an index or portfolio of
securities).
\13\ According to the Exchange, the Trust will be registered
under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (``1940 Act''). On February
6, 2014, the Trust filed a registration statement on Form N-1A under
the Securities Act of 1933 and the 1940 Act relating to the Fund, as
amended by Pre-Effective Amendment Number 1, filed with the
Commission on February 6, 2014 (File Nos. 333-192288 and 811-22911)
(``Registration Statement''). In addition, the Exchange states that
the Trust has obtained certain exemptive relief under the 1940 Act.
Investment Company Act Release No. 30678 (Aug. 27, 2013)
(``Exemptive Order''). The Exchange represents that investments made
by the Fund will comply with the conditions set forth in the
Exemptive Order.
\14\ The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reality Shares,
Inc. (``Index Provider'').
\15\ According to the Exchange, the Adviser and the Index
Provider have represented that a fire wall exists around the
respective personnel who have access to information concerning
changes and adjustments to the Index. The Exchange further
represents that in the event (a) the Adviser, any sub-adviser, or
the Index Provider becomes registered as a broker-dealer or newly
affiliated with a broker-dealer, or (b) any new adviser, sub-
adviser, or Index Provider is a registered broker-dealer or becomes
affiliated with a broker-dealer, it will implement a fire wall with
respect to the relevant personnel or broker-dealer affiliate
regarding access to information concerning the composition or
changes to the portfolio, and will be subject to procedures designed
to prevent the use and dissemination of material, non-public
information regarding such portfolio.
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B. The Exchange's Description of the Fund
The Exchange has made the following representations and statements
in describing the Fund and its investment strategy, including permitted
portfolio holdings and investment restrictions.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Additional information regarding the Trust, the Fund, and
the Shares, including investment strategy, risks, creation and
redemption procedures, fees, portfolio holdings disclosure policies,
distributions, and taxes, among other things, is included in the
Notice, Registration Statement, and Exemptive Order, as applicable.
See Notice, supra note 3; see also Registration Statement and
Exemptive Order, supra note 13.
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Reality Shares DIVS Index ETF
The Index was developed and is maintained by Reality Shares,
Inc.\17\ The Exchange states that the Index Provider is not registered
as an investment adviser or broker dealer and is not affiliated with
any broker-dealers.\18\ The Exchange states that the Index for the Fund
does not meet all of the ``generic'' listing requirements of Commentary
.01(a)(A) to NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3) applicable to the
listing of Investment Company Units based upon an index of ``US
Component Stocks.'' \19\ Specifically, Commentary .01(a)(A) to NYSE
Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3) sets forth the requirements to be met by
components of an index or portfolio of US Component Stocks. As
discussed in more detail herein, the Index is calculated using a
proprietary, rules-based methodology designed to track market
expectations for dividend growth conveyed in real-time using bid-ask
prices on exchange-listed S&P 500 Index options and exchange-listed
options on exchange traded funds (``ETFs'') designed to track the S&P
500 Index.\20\ The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its total assets
in other securities such as over-the-counter (``OTC'') options,
futures, and forward contracts on the S&P 500 Index, and OTC options,
futures, and forward contracts on ETFs that track the S&P 500 Index.
Because the Index will consist primarily of S&P 500 Index options and
options on ETFs designed to track the S&P 500 Index, and not US
Component Stocks, the Index does not satisfy the requirements of
Commentary .01(a)(A).\21\
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\17\ The Index will be calculated by International Data
Corporation (``IDC''), which is not affiliated with the Adviser or
Index Provider, and which is not a broker-dealer or fund advisor.
\18\ See supra note 15.
\19\ NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3) defines the term ``US
Component Stock'' as an equity security that is registered under
Sections 12(b) or 12(g) of the Act or an American Depositary
Receipt, the underlying equity security of which is registered under
Sections 12(b) or 12(g) of the Act.
\20\ For purposes of this proposed rule change, ETFs include
Investment Company Units (as described in NYSE Arca Equities Rule
5.2(j)(3)) and Portfolio Depositary Receipts (as described in NYSE
Arca Equities Rule 8.100). The ETFs all will be listed and traded in
the U.S. on registered exchanges. The Fund may not invest in
leveraged or inverse leveraged (e.g., 2X, -2X, 3X, or -3X) ETFs or
options on such ETFs.
\21\ NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), Commentary .01(a)(A)(5)
provides that all securities in the applicable index or portfolio
shall be US Component Stocks listed on a national securities
exchange and shall be NMS Stocks as defined in Rule 600 under
Regulation NMS of the Act. The Exchange states that each component
stock of the S&P 500 Index is a US Component Stock that is listed on
a national securities exchange and is an NMS Stock. Options,
however, are excluded from the definition of NMS Stock. The Exchange
represents that the Fund and the Index meet all of the requirements
of the listing standards for Investment Company Units in Rule
5.2(j)(3) and the requirements of Commentary .01, except the
requirements in Commentary .01(a)(A)(1)-(5), because the Index
includes options on US Component Stocks.
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Principal Investments of the Fund
The Fund will seek long-term capital appreciation and will seek
investment results that, before fees and expenses, generally correspond
to the performance of the Index. At least 80% of the Fund's total
assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any)
will be invested in the component securities of the Index. The Fund
will seek a correlation of 0.95 or better between its performance and
the performance of its Index (a figure of 1.00 would represent perfect
correlation). The Fund generally will use a representative sampling
investment strategy.
The Fund will buy (i.e., hold a ``long'' position in) and sell
(i.e., hold a ``short'' position in) put and call options. The strategy
of taking both a long position in a security through its ex-dividend
date (the last date an investor can own the security and receive
dividends paid on the security) and a corresponding short position in
the same security immediately thereafter is designed to allow the Fund
to isolate its exposure to the growth of the level of dividends
expected to be paid on such security while minimizing its exposure to
changes in the trading price of such security.
The Fund will buy and sell U.S. exchange-listed options on the S&P
500 Index and U.S. exchange-listed options on ETFs designed to track
the S&P 500 Index. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the
right to sell, and the issuer of the option the obligation to buy, the
underlying security or instrument on a specified date or during a
specified period of time. A call option on a security gives the
purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option
the obligation to sell, the underlying security or instrument on a
specified date or during a specified period of time. The Fund will
invest in a combination of put and call options designed to allow the
Fund to isolate its
[[Page 69931]]
exposure to the growth of the level of expected dividends reflected in
options on the S&P 500 Index and options on ETFs tracking the S&P 500
Index, while minimizing the Fund's exposure to changes in the trading
price of such securities.
Index Methodology
The Index will be calculated using a proprietary, rules-based
methodology designed to track market expectations for dividend growth
conveyed in real-time using the mid-point of the bid-ask spread on S&P
500 Index options and options on ETFs designed to track the S&P 500
Index.\22\ All options included in the Index will be listed and traded
on a U.S. national securities exchange. The Index will consist of a
minimum of 20 components.
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\22\ The Exchange notes that there is no guarantee that either
the level of overall dividends paid by such companies will grow over
time, or that the Index or Fund's investment strategies will capture
such growth. The Fund will include appropriate risk disclosure in
its offering documents disclosing these risks, which will be
available for free on the Commission's Web site and on the Fund's
Web site, www.realityshares.com.
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The prices of index and ETF options reflect the market trading
prices of the securities included in the applicable underlying index or
ETF, as well as market expectations regarding the level of dividends to
be paid on such indexes or ETFs during the term of the option. The
Index constituents, and, therefore, most of the Fund's portfolio
holdings, will consist of multiple corresponding near-term and long-
term put and call option combinations on the same reference assets
(i.e., options on the S&P 500 Index or options on S&P 500 ETFs) with
the same strike price. Because option prices reflect both stock price
and dividend expectations, they can be used in combination to isolate
either price exposure or dividend expectations. The use of near-term
and long-term put and call options combinations on the same reference
asset with the same strike price, but with different maturities, is
designed to gain exposure to the expected dividends reflected in
options on the S&P 500 Index and options on ETFs tracking the S&P 500
Index while neutralizing the impact of stock price.
Once established, this portfolio construction of options
combinations will accomplish two goals. First, the use of corresponding
buy or sell positions on near and long-term options at the same strike
price is designed to neutralize underlying stock price movements. In
other words, the corresponding ``buy'' and ``sell'' positions on the
same reference asset are designed to net against each other and
eliminate the impact that changes to the stock price of the reference
asset would otherwise have on the value of the Index (and Fund Shares).
Second, by minimizing the impact of price fluctuations through the
construct of the near- and long-term contract combinations, the
strategy is designed to isolate market expectations for dividends
implied between expiration dates of the near-term and long-term option
contracts. Over time, the Index will increase or decrease in value as
the dividend spread between the near-term and long-term options
combinations increases or decreases as a result of changing market
expectations for dividend growth.
Other Fund Investments
While, as described above, at least 80% of the Fund's total assets
(exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) will be
invested in the component securities of the Index, the Fund may invest
up to 20% of its total assets in other securities and financial
instruments, as described below.
The Fund may invest in: (a) U.S. exchange-listed futures contracts
based on the S&P 500 Index and ETFs designed to track the S&P 500
Index; and (b) forward contracts based on the S&P 500 Index and ETFs
designed to track the S&P 500 Index. The Fund's use of exchange-listed
futures contracts and forward contracts is designed to allow the Fund
to isolate its exposure to the growth of the level of expected
dividends reflected in options on the S&P 500 Index and options on ETFs
tracking the S&P 500 Index, while minimizing the Fund's exposure to
changes in the trading price of such securities. The Fund may also buy
and sell OTC options on the S&P 500 Index and on ETFs designed to track
the S&P 500 Index.
The Fund may enter into dividend and total return swap transactions
(including equity swap transactions) based on the S&P 500 Index and
ETFs designed to track the S&P 500 Index.\23\ In a typical swap
transaction, one party agrees to make periodic payments to another
party (``counterparty'') based on the change in market value or level
of a specified rate, index, or asset. In return, the counterparty
agrees to make periodic payments to the first party based on the return
of a different specified rate, index, or asset. Swap transactions are
usually done on a net basis, whereby the Fund would receive or pay only
the net amount of the two payments. In a typical dividend swap
transaction, the Fund would pay the swap counterparty a premium and
would be entitled to receive the value of the actual dividends paid on
the subject index during the term of the swap contract. In a typical
total return swap, the Fund might exchange long or short exposures to
the return of the underlying securities or index to isolate the value
of the dividends paid on the underlying securities or index
constituents. The Fund also may engage in interest rate swap
transactions. In a typical interest rate swap transaction one stream of
future interest payments is exchanged for another. Such transactions
often take the form of an exchange of a fixed payment for a variable
payment based on a future interest rate. The Fund intends to use
interest rate swap transactions to manage or hedge exposure to interest
rate fluctuations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ The Fund will transact only with swap dealers that have in
place an ISDA agreement with the Fund.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its assets (exclusive of
collateral held from securities lending, if any) in exchange-listed
equity securities and derivative instruments (specifically, futures
contracts, forward contracts, and swap transactions, as noted above)
\24\ relating to the Index and its component securities that the
Adviser believes will help the Fund track the Index. For example, the
Fund may buy and sell ETFs and, to a limited extent, individual large-
capitalization equity securities listed and traded on a U.S. national
securities exchange.
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\24\ Where practicable, the Fund intends to invest in swaps
cleared through a central clearing house (``Cleared Swaps'').
Currently, only certain of the interest rate swaps in which the Fund
intends to invest are Cleared Swaps, while the dividend and total
return swaps (including equity swaps) in which the Fund may invest
are currently not Cleared Swaps.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies
(including money market funds) to the extent permitted under the 1940
Act.
The Fund's short positions and its investments in swaps, futures
contracts, forward contracts, and options based on the S&P 500 Index
and ETFs designed to track the S&P 500 Index will be backed by
investments in cash, high-quality short-term debt securities, and
money-market instruments in an amount equal to the Fund's maximum
liability under the applicable position or contract, or will otherwise
be offset in accordance with Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Short-term
debt securities and money market instruments include shares of fixed
income or money market mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of
deposit, bankers'
[[Page 69932]]
acceptances, U.S. government securities (including securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies, or
instrumentalities), repurchase agreements,\25\ and bonds that are rated
BBB or higher. In addition to the investments described above, and in a
manner consistent with its investment objective, the Fund may invest a
limited portion of its net assets in high-quality, short-term debt
securities and money market instruments for cash management
purposes.\26\
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\25\ The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks
and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under
which securities are acquired by a fund from a securities dealer or
bank subject to resale at an agreed upon price on a later date. The
acquiring fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other
party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the
fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose
of the collateral securities.
\26\ The Fund may invest in shares of money market mutual funds
to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund will attempt to limit counterparty risk in non-cleared
swap, forward, and OTC option contracts by entering into such contracts
only with counterparties the Adviser believes are creditworthy and by
limiting the Fund's exposure to each counterparty. The Adviser will
monitor the creditworthiness of each counterparty and the Fund's
exposure to each counterparty on an ongoing basis.\27\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\27\ The Fund will seek, where possible, to use counterparties,
as applicable, whose financial status is such that the risk of
default is reduced; however, the risk of losses resulting from
default is still possible. The Adviser will evaluate the
creditworthiness of counterparties on an ongoing basis. In addition
to information provided by credit agencies, the Adviser will
evaluate each approved counterparty using various methods of
analysis, such as, for example, the counterparty's liquidity in the
event of default, the counterparty's reputation, the Adviser's past
experience with the counterparty, and the counterparty's share of
market participation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund's investments in swaps, futures contracts, forward
contracts, and options will be consistent with the Fund's investment
objective and with the requirements of the 1940 Act.\28\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ To limit the potential risk associated with such
transactions, the Fund will segregate or ``earmark'' assets
determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures
established by the Trust's Board of Trustees and in accordance with
the 1940 Act (or, as permitted by applicable regulation, enter into
certain offsetting positions) to cover its obligations arising from
such transactions. These procedures have been adopted consistent
with Section 18 of the 1940 Act and related Commission guidance. In
addition, the Fund will include appropriate risk disclosure in its
offering documents, including leveraging risk. Leveraging risk is
the risk that certain transactions of the Fund, including the Fund's
use of derivatives, may give rise to leverage, causing the Fund to
be more volatile than if it had not been leveraged. To mitigate
leveraging risk, the Adviser will segregate or ``earmark'' liquid
assets or otherwise cover the transactions that may give rise to
such risk.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Restrictions
To the extent the Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of
its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group
of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to
approximately the same extent as the Index.
The Fund may hold up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net
assets in illiquid assets (calculated at the time of investment) deemed
illiquid by the Adviser, consistent with Commission guidance.\29\ The
Fund will monitor its portfolio liquidity on an ongoing basis to
determine whether, in light of current circumstances, an adequate level
of liquidity is being maintained, and will consider taking appropriate
steps in order to maintain adequate liquidity if, through a change in
values, net assets, or other circumstances, more than 15% of the Fund's
net assets are held in illiquid assets. Illiquid assets include
securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and
other instruments that lack readily available markets as determined in
accordance with Commission staff guidance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser may consider
the following factors: The frequency of trades and quotes for the
security; the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the
security and the number of other potential purchasers; dealer
undertakings to make a market in the security; and the nature of the
security and the nature of the marketplace in which it trades (e.g.,
the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting
offers, and the mechanics of transfer).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities;
however, securities loans will not be made if, as a result, the
aggregate amount of all outstanding securities loans by the Fund
exceeds 33\1/3\% of its total assets (including the market value of
collateral received). To the extent the Fund engages in securities
lending, securities loans will be made to broker-dealers that the
Adviser believes to be of relatively high credit standing pursuant to
agreements requiring that the loans continuously be collateralized by
cash, liquid securities, or shares of other investment companies with a
value at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities.
The Fund will be classified as a ``non-diversified'' investment
company under the 1940 Act. The Fund intends to qualify for and to
elect treatment as a separate regulated investment company (``RIC'')
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Fund's investments will be consistent with its investment
objective and will not be used to provide multiple returns of a
benchmark or to produce leveraged returns.
III. Summary of Comment Letters
As noted above, the Commission received two comment letters in
response to the Order Instituting Proceedings.\30\ Both comment
letters, which were in favor of the proposal, sought to address certain
questions, as outlined in the Order Instituting Proceedings,\31\ and
provide additional clarification regarding the proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\30\ See Reality Shares Letter 1; Reality Shares Letter 2, supra
note 10.
\31\ In the Order Instituting Proceedings, the Commission sought
comment on the following questions: (a) Because the Index is
designed to reflect changes in market expectations of future
dividend growth, rather than to track actual dividend growth, is the
Fund's investment strategy fundamentally based on an assumption that
the options markets systemically underprice dividend growth? What
are commenters' views regarding whether investors would be able to
understand the strategy, risks, potential rewards, assumptions, and
expected performance of the Fund's strategy? (b) With respect to the
trading of the Shares on the Exchange, do commenters believe that
the Exchange's rules governing sales practices are adequately
designed to ensure the suitability of recommendations regarding the
Shares? Why or why not? If not, should the Exchange's rules
governing sales practices be enhanced? If so, in what ways? (c) How
closely do commenters think the market price of the Shares will
track the Fund's intraday indicative value (``IIV'') or the intraday
value of the Index? Are certain of these values likely to be more
volatile than others? If so, how would this affect trading in the
Shares? Are the Shares likely to trade with a significant premium or
discount to IIV? What are commenters' views of how effectively the
IIV of the Fund would represent the Fund's portfolio? What are
commenters' views of how the Shares' market price, the Fund's IIV,
and the intraday value of the Index will relate to one another
during times of market stress? and (d) Does the liquidity of the
long-dated options in which the Fund will invest differ materially
from that of the short-dated options in which the Fund will invest?
If so, how would that affect the ability of market makers to engage
in arbitrage or to hedge their positions while making a market in
the Shares? Would the liquidity characteristics of the Index
components or of the options in the Fund's portfolio affect the
calculation of the Index value, the calculation of the Fund's IIV,
the calculation of the Fund's NAV, or the ability of market makers
or other market participants to value the Shares? If so, how?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Reality Shares Letter 1
In Reality Shares Letter 1, the commenter offers its responses to
the Commission's questions. The commenter responds that the Fund's
investment strategy is not based on the assumption that dividend growth
is underpriced by the options markets, stating that it is instead based
on the expected dividend value to be paid on S&P 500 securities (as
implied in the price of listed S&P 500 Index options over time) and the
``historical high correlation between such expected dividend values and
the value of actual dividends paid on S&P 500
[[Page 69933]]
securities.'' \32\ The commenter then explains that as the value of
actual dividends paid increases or decreases, market expectations for
dividends typically move up or down in a corresponding direction, and
that if the current expected dividend value of the options in the
Fund's portfolio changes, the value of an investment in the Fund
changes correspondingly.\33\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\32\ See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at 2-3.
\33\ See id., at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The commenter asserts that the Fund's Registration Statement will
sufficiently disclose to investors the key features of the Fund,
including explanations of how the Fund's strategy works and how the
Fund is expected to perform under various market conditions, and
disclosures highlighting all material risks of investing in the
Fund.\34\ The commenter believes that these disclosures and the
disclosures in the Fund's marketing materials, will allow investors to
understand the Fund's investment objective, strategy, risks, potential
rewards, assumptions, and performance characteristics.\35\ Further, the
commenter believes that the Exchange's rules governing sales practices
are sufficient to ensure the suitability of recommendations to
investors regarding the Fund's Shares.\36\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ See id., at 3-4.
\35\ See id., at 4.
\36\ See id., at 5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
With respect to IIV, the commenter responds that it believes that
the market price of the Fund Shares will closely approximate the IIV of
the Fund's portfolio and the intraday value of the Fund's underlying
Index.\37\ While it believes that ``the Fund's IIV and intraday Index
values may reflect higher volatility than the market trading price of
Fund Shares,'' the commenter does not expect this will have any
material impact on secondary market trading of Fund Shares or arbitrage
in Fund Shares.\38\ The commenter expects that Authorized Participants
and other institutional investors will quote and trade the option
contracts held by the Fund in combination (by holding simultaneous long
and short positions in the same put/call contracts) and that this
combination tends to trade at tighter bid/ask spreads than do the
individual contracts.\39\ The commenter expects that Authorized
Participants and other market makers will factor the price of the
combination trades into their assessment of the value of Fund Shares,
which will be reflected in the trading price of Fund Shares.\40\ The
commenter explains that the Fund's IIV and the intraday Index values
are based on the intraday market price of individual option contracts
and do not reflect the trading price of option contracts held in
combination. So, while the commenter expects the price of Fund Shares
to closely approximate the Fund's IIV and the intraday values of the
Index, it also expects that the trading price of Fund shares will be
less volatile than the Fund's IIV and the intraday value of the
Index.\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at 6.
\38\ See id.
\39\ See id.
\40\ See id., at 7.
\41\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In times of market stress, the commenter believes that the Fund's
Shares will trade within an acceptable spread to the Fund's IIV and the
intraday value of the Index.\42\ The commenter believes that because
the Fund's portfolio is transparent and the Index constituents are
publicly disclosed, market participants will be able to assess the
value of the Fund and the Index and access the securities necessary to
hedge their position exposures, even during times of market stress.\43\
Further, the commenter asserts that, ``[b]ecause of the transparency of
the Fund's portfolio and the liquidity and transparency of the
underlying listed index options . . . investors will continue to have
the ability to buy and sell Shares in the secondary market at fair and
representative prices should there be any material departure from the
IIV.'' \44\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at 9.
\43\ See id.
\44\ See id., at 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The commenter states that the liquidity of the longer-dated option
contracts in the Fund's portfolio will not differ materially from the
liquidity of the shorter-dated option contracts.\45\ Further, the
commenter explains that the liquidity characteristics of the option
contracts held by the Fund will not negatively impact the Fund's
operation, the calculation of the Index value, the calculation of the
Fund's IIV, or the calculation of the Fund's NAV.\46\ The commenter
believes that the options contracts provide ``sufficient and ample
liquidity . . . for Authorized Participants and other investors to
engage in efficient hedging activity, to value Fund Shares and to make
markets in Fund Shares.'' \47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\45\ See id.
\46\ See id., at 11.
\47\ See Reality Shares Letter 1, supra note 10, at 12.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Reality Shares Letter 2
In Reality Shares Letter 2, the commenter seeks to address whether
the Fund's strategy will produce positive returns for buy-and-hold
investors over the longer term in light of the efficient nature of
markets and the ability of astute market participants to predict
dividend growth.\48\ The commenter claims that the historical returns
of the Fund's strategy have been positive over long periods of time and
that an investor can reasonably expect returns in the future that are
non-zero and positive in the long term.\49\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\48\ See Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at 1.
\49\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In support of this claim, the commenter argues that all
investments, even in perfectly efficient markets, are expected to have,
at minimum, a risk-free rate associated with them.\50\ For example,
Treasury Bills (theoretically risk-free assets) are discounted by the
risk-free rate in order to entice investors to purchase them.\51\ Thus,
even in a perfectly efficient market such as the one for Treasury
Bills, an investment in a riskless asset will produce a long-term
return greater than zero.\52\ In addition, the commenter adds that, if
any uncertainty surrounds the future payoff of an investment, one would
expect a risk premium to be attached to the investment.\53\ This would
be quantified as the amount of money by which the expected return on
the asset exceeds the known return of a risk-free asset.\54\ This risk
premium compensates investors for the uncertainty in their investment
in a risky asset.\55\ If the dividend risk premium were low, one would
expect the strategy to earn less than the actual growth of dividends;
if dividend risk premium were high, one would expect the strategy to
earn more than actual dividend growth.\56\ The commenter notes that,
while expected dividend returns may not match dividend growth exactly,
the rate of return would (at a minimum) be expected to be equal to the
risk free rate, plus the risk premium.\57\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\50\ See id.
\51\ See id.
\52\ See id.
\53\ See Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at 2.
\54\ See id.
\55\ See id.
\56\ See id.
\57\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The commenter further asserts that, beyond the theoretical analogy
stated above, an investment in the expected dividend implied in the
options markets has historically produced positive returns and that the
Fund's strategy can
[[Page 69934]]
be expected to produce future positive long-term returns.\58\ While the
commenter believes that it is possible for implied dividend strategies
to outperform equity returns, as well as actual dividend growth, the
commenter argues that the foundation of the Fund's investment strategy
is predicated on its conclusion that implied dividends carry risk and
that, in an efficient market, this risk will be reflected in the form
of a dividend risk premium.\59\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\58\ See Reality Shares Letter 2, supra note 10, at 2.
\59\ See id., at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Discussion and Commission Findings
The Commission has carefully considered the proposal and the
comments submitted in response to the questions raised by the
Commission in the Order Instituting Proceedings. For the reasons
discussed below, the Commission finds that the Exchange's proposal to
list and trade the Shares is consistent with the Exchange Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities
exchange.\60\ In particular, the Commission finds that the proposed
rule change, as modified by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto, is
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act,\61\ which
requires, among other things, that the Exchange's rules be designed to
promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove impediments
to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national
market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the public
interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\60\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition,
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
\61\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission also finds that the proposal to list and trade the
Shares on the Exchange is consistent with Section 11A(a)(1)(C)(iii) of
the Exchange Act,\62\ which sets forth Congress' finding that it is in
the public interest and appropriate for the protection of investors and
the maintenance of fair and orderly markets to assure the availability
to brokers, dealers, and investors of information with respect to
quotations for and transactions in securities. Quotation and last-sale
information for the Shares will be available via the Consolidated Tape
Association (``CTA'') high-speed line. The value of the Index will be
published by one or more major market data vendors every 15 seconds
during the NYSE Arca Core Trading Session of 9:30 a.m. E.T. to 4:00
p.m. E.T. Information about the Index constituents, the weighting of
the constituents, the Index's methodology, and the Index's rules will
be available at no charge on the Index Provider's Web site at
www.realityshares.com. In addition, the Intraday Indicative Value
(``IIV'') as defined in NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.2(j)(3), Commentary
01(c), will be widely disseminated at least every 15 seconds during the
Core Trading Session by one or more major market data vendors.\63\ On
each business day, before commencement of trading in Shares in the Core
Trading Session on the Exchange, the Fund will disclose on its Web site
the ``Disclosed Portfolio'' (as such term is defined in NYSE Arca
Equities Rule 8.600(c)(2)) that will form the basis for the Fund's
calculation of NAV at the end of the business day.\64\ In addition, a
portfolio composition file, which includes the security names and
quantities, as applicable, required to be delivered in exchange for the
Fund's Shares, together with estimates and actual cash components, will
be publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the New York
Stock Exchange (``NYSE'') via the National Securities Clearing
Corporation. The portfolio composition file will represent one Creation
Unit of Shares of the Fund. The Fund will calculate its NAV by: (i)
Taking the current market value of its total assets; (ii) subtracting
any liabilities; and (iii) dividing that amount by the total number of
Shares outstanding. The Fund will calculate NAV once each business day
as of the regularly scheduled close of trading on the NYSE (normally,
4:00 p.m., Eastern Time).\65\ The intra-day, closing, and settlement
prices of the portfolio securities and other Fund investments,
including futures and exchange-traded equities, ETFs, and exchange-
traded options,\66\ will also be readily available from the national
securities exchanges trading such securities, automated quotation
systems, published or other public sources, and, with respect to OTC
options, swap transactions, and forward transactions, from third party
pricing sources, or on-line information services such as Bloomberg or
Reuters. The intra-day, closing, and settlement prices of debt
securities and money market instruments will be readily available from
published and other public sources or on-line information services.
Price information regarding investment company securities, including
ETFs, will be available from on-line information services and from the
Web site for the applicable investment company security. Information
regarding market price and trading volume of the Shares will be
continually available on a real-time basis throughout the day on
brokers' computer screens and other electronic services. Information
regarding the previous day's closing price and trading volume
information for the Shares will be published daily in the financial
section of newspapers. The Fund's Web site will include a form of the
prospectus for the Fund that may be downloaded and additional data
relating to NAV and other applicable quantitative information.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\62\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C)(iii).
\63\ According to the Exchange, several major market data
vendors display and/or make widely available IIVs taken from the CTA
or other data feeds.
\64\ Under accounting procedures to be followed by the Fund,
trades made on the prior business day (``T'') will be booked and
reflected in NAV on the current business day (``T+1''). Accordingly,
the Fund will be able to disclose at the beginning of the business
day the portfolio that will form the basis for the NAV calculation
at the end of the business day. On a daily basis, the Adviser, on
behalf of the Fund, will disclose on the Fund's Web site the
following information regarding each portfolio holding, as
applicable to the type of holding: Ticker symbol, CUSIP number or
other identifier, if any; a description of the holding (including
the type of holding, such as the type of swap); the identity of the
security, commodity, index, or other asset or instrument underlying
the holding, if any; for options, the option strike price; quantity
held (as measured by, for example, par value, notional value or
number of shares, contracts or units); maturity date, if any; coupon
rate, if any; effective date, if any; market value of the holding;
and the percentage weighting of the holding in the Fund's portfolio.
The Web site information will be publicly available at no charge.
\65\ The Trust will generally value exchange-listed equity
securities (which include common stocks and ETFs) and exchange-
listed options, including options on the S&P 500 Index and options
on ETFs, at market closing prices. Market closing price is generally
determined on the basis of last reported sales prices on the
applicable exchange, or if no sales are reported, based on the mid-
point between the last reported bid and ask. The Trust will
generally value exchange-listed futures at the settlement price
determined by the applicable exchange. Non-exchange-traded
derivatives, including OTC options, swap transactions, and forward
transactions, will normally be valued on the basis of quotations or
equivalent indication of value supplied by an independent pricing
service or major market makers or dealers. Debt securities and money
market instruments generally will be valued based on prices provided
by independent pricing services, which may use valuation models or
matrix pricing to determine current value. Investment company
securities (other than ETFs) will be valued at NAV. The Trust
generally will use amortized cost to value fixed income or money
market securities that have a remaining maturity of 60 days or less.
\66\ Information relating to U.S. exchange-listed options is
available via the Options Price Reporting Authority.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission also believes that the proposal to list and trade
the Shares is reasonably designed to promote fair disclosure of
information that may be
[[Page 69935]]
necessary to price the Shares appropriately and to prevent trading when
a reasonable degree of transparency cannot be assured. The Exchange
represents that trading in Shares of the Fund will be halted if the
circuit breaker parameters in NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.12 have been
reached. Trading also may be halted because of market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in the Shares
inadvisable.\67\ In addition, if the IIV, the Index Value or the value
of the Index Components is not being disseminated as required, the
Exchange may halt trading during the day in which the disruption
occurs; if the interruption persists past the day in which it occurred,
the Exchange will halt trading no later than the beginning of the
trading day following the interruption. The Exchange will obtain a
representation from the Fund that the NAV for the Fund will be
calculated daily and will be made available to all market participants
at the same time. Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.34(a)(5), if the
Exchange becomes aware that the NAV for the Fund is not being
disseminated to all market participants at the same time, it will halt
trading in the Shares until such time as the NAV is available to all
market participants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\67\ These reasons may include: (1) The extent to which trading
is not occurring in the securities or the financial instruments
comprising the Disclosed Portfolio of the Fund; or (2) whether other
unusual conditions or circumstances detrimental to the maintenance
of a fair and orderly market are present. The Exchange represents
that it may consider all relevant factors in exercising its
discretion to halt or suspend trading in the Shares of the Fund.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Exchange states that it has a general policy prohibiting the
distribution of material, non-public information by its employees. The
Commission notes that the Index Provider is not registered as an
investment adviser or broker dealer and is not affiliated with any
broker-dealers, and the Adviser is not registered as a broker-dealer
and is not affiliated with any broker-dealers.\68\ Prior to the
commencement of trading, the Exchange will inform its Equity Trading
Permit Holders in an Information Bulletin of the special
characteristics and risks associated with trading the Shares. The
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (``FINRA''), on behalf of the
Exchange,\69\ will communicate as needed regarding trading in the
Shares, exchange-listed equity securities, ETFs, futures contracts, and
exchange-traded options contracts with other markets and other entities
that are members of the Intermarket Surveillance Group (``ISG''), and
FINRA, on behalf of the Exchange, may obtain trading information
regarding trading in the Shares, exchange-listed equity securities,
ETFs, futures contracts, and exchange-traded options contracts from
such markets and other entities. In addition, the Exchange may obtain
information regarding trading in the Shares, exchange-listed equity
securities, ETFs, futures contracts, and exchange-traded options
contracts from markets and other entities that are members of ISG or
with which the Exchange has in place a comprehensive surveillance
sharing agreement.\70\ All exchange-listed equity securities, ETFs,
futures contracts and options held by the Fund will be traded on U.S.
exchanges, all of which are members of ISG or are exchanges with which
the Exchange has in place a comprehensive surveillance sharing
agreement. In addition, FINRA, on behalf of the Exchange, is able to
access, as needed, trade information for certain fixed income
securities held by the Fund reported to FINRA's Trade Reporting and
Compliance Engine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\68\ See supra note 15 and accompanying text. The Exchange
states that an investment adviser to an open-end fund is required to
be registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (``Advisers
Act''). As a result, the Adviser and its related personnel are
subject to the provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act
relating to codes of ethics. This Rule requires investment advisers
to adopt a code of ethics that reflects the fiduciary nature of the
relationship to clients as well as compliance with other applicable
securities laws. Accordingly, procedures designed to prevent the
communication and misuse of non-public information by an investment
adviser must be consistent with Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act.
In addition, Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act makes it unlawful
for an investment adviser to provide investment advice to clients
unless such investment adviser has (i) adopted and implemented
written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent
violation, by the investment adviser and its supervised persons, of
the Advisers Act and the Commission rules adopted thereunder; (ii)
implemented, at a minimum, an annual review regarding the adequacy
of the policies and procedures established pursuant to subparagraph
(i) above and the effectiveness of their implementation; and (iii)
designated an individual (who is a supervised person) responsible
for administering the policies and procedures adopted under
subparagraph (i) above.
\69\ The Exchange states that FINRA surveils trading on the
Exchange pursuant to a regulatory services agreement. The Exchange
is responsible for FINRA's performance under this regulatory
services agreement.
\70\ For a list of the current members of ISG, see
www.isgportal.org. The Exchange notes that not all components of the
portfolio for the Fund may trade on markets that are members of ISG
or with which the Exchange has in place a comprehensive surveillance
sharing agreement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Exchange deems the Shares to be equity securities, thus
rendering trading in the Shares subject to the Exchange's existing
rules governing the trading of equity securities. In support of this
proposal, the Exchange has made representations, including:
(1) The Exchange has appropriate rules to facilitate transactions
in the Shares during all trading sessions (Opening, Core, and Late
Trading Sessions).
(2) The Shares will conform to the initial and continued listing
criteria under NYSE Arca Equities Rules 5.2(j)(3) and 5.5(g)(2), except
that the Index will not meet the requirements of NYSE Arca Equities
Rule 5.2(j)(3), Commentary .01(a)(A)(1)-(5) in that the Index will
consist of options based on US Component Stocks (i.e., ETFs based on
the S&P 500 Index) and options on an index of US Component Stocks
(i.e., S&P 500 Index options), rather than US Component Stocks
themselves. The Index will include a minimum of 20 components and,
therefore, would meet the numerical requirement of NYSE Arca Equities
Rule 5.2(j)(3), Commentary .01(a)(A)(4) (a minimum of 13 index or
portfolio components).
(3) Trading in the Shares will be subject to the existing trading
surveillances, administered by FINRA on behalf of the Exchange, which
are designed to detect violations of Exchange rules and applicable
federal securities laws, and that these procedures are adequate to
properly monitor Exchange trading of the Shares in all trading sessions
and to detect and help deter violations of Exchange rules and federal
securities laws applicable to trading on the Exchange.
(4) Prior to the commencement of trading, the Exchange will inform
its Equity Trading Permit Holders in an Information Bulletin of the
special characteristics and risks associated with trading the Shares.
Specifically, the Information Bulletin will discuss the following: (a)
The procedures for purchases and redemptions of Shares in Creation Unit
aggregations (and that Shares are not individually redeemable); (b)
NYSE Arca Equities Rule 9.2(a), which imposes a duty of due diligence
on its Equity Trading Permit Holders to learn the essential facts
relating to every customer prior to trading the Shares; (c) the risks
involved in trading the Shares during the Opening and Late Trading
Sessions when an updated IIV or Index value will not be calculated or
publicly disseminated; (d) how information regarding the IIV and Index
value will be disseminated; (e) the requirement that Equity Trading
Permit Holders deliver a prospectus to investors purchasing newly
issued Shares prior to or concurrently with the confirmation of a
transaction; and (f) trading information.
[[Page 69936]]
(5) For initial and continued listing, the Fund will be in
compliance with Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act,\71\ as provided by
NYSE Arca Equities Rule 5.3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\71\ 17 CFR 240.10A-3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(6) At least 80% of the Fund's total assets (exclusive of
collateral held from securities lending, if any) will be invested in
the component securities of the Index. The Fund will seek a correlation
of 0.95 or better between its performance and the performance of its
Index. A figure of 1.00 would represent perfect correlation. All
options included in the Index will be listed and traded on a U.S.
national securities exchange.
(7) The Fund's investments in swaps, futures contracts, forward
contracts and options will be consistent with the Fund's investment
objective and with the requirements of the 1940 Act. To limit the
potential risk associated with such transactions, the Fund will
segregate or ``earmark'' assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser
in accordance with procedures established by the Trust's Board of
Trustees and in accordance with the 1940 Act (or, as permitted by
applicable regulation, enter into certain offsetting positions) to
cover its obligations arising from such transactions. These procedures
have been adopted consistent with Section 18 of the 1940 Act and
related Commission guidance. In addition, the Fund will include
appropriate risk disclosure in its offering documents, including
leveraging risk. Leveraging risk is the risk that certain transactions
of the Fund, including the Fund's use of derivatives, may give rise to
leverage, causing the Fund to be more volatile than if it had not been
leveraged. To mitigate leveraging risk, the Adviser will segregate or
``earmark'' liquid assets or otherwise cover the transactions that may
give rise to such risk. The Fund may not invest in leveraged or inverse
leveraged (e.g., 2X, -2X, 3X, or -3X) ETFs or options on such ETFs. The
Fund's investments will be consistent with its investment objective and
will not be used to provide multiple returns of a benchmark or to
produce leveraged returns.
(8) The Fund will transact only with swap dealers that have in
place an ISDA agreement with the Fund. Where practicable, the Fund
intends to invest in Cleared Swaps. The Fund will attempt to limit
counterparty risk in non-cleared swap, forward, and OTC option
contracts by entering into such contracts only with counterparties the
Adviser believes are creditworthy and by limiting the Fund's exposure
to each counterparty. The Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of
each counterparty and the Fund's exposure to each counterparty on an
ongoing basis. The Fund will seek, where possible, to use
counterparties, as applicable, whose financial status is such that the
risk of default is reduced. The Adviser will evaluate the
creditworthiness of counterparties on an ongoing basis. In addition to
information provided by credit agencies, the Adviser will evaluate each
approved counterparty using various methods of analysis, such as, for
example, the counterparty's liquidity in the event of default, the
counterparty's reputation, the Adviser's past experience with the
counterparty, and the counterparty's share of market participation.
(9) The Fund may hold up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net
assets in illiquid assets (calculated at the time of investment) deemed
illiquid by the Adviser, consistent with Commission guidance.
(10) A minimum of 100,000 Shares for the Fund will be outstanding
at the commencement of trading on the Exchange.
(11) The Fund will include appropriate risk disclosure in its
offering documents, which will be available on the Commission's Web
site and on the Fund's Web site, www.realityshares.com.
This approval order is based on all of the Exchange's
representations, including those set forth above and in the Notice, and
the Exchange's description of the Fund.
For the foregoing reasons, the Commission finds that the proposed
rule change, as modified by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto, is
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act \72\ and the rules and
regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange.
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\72\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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V. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\73\ that the proposed rule change (SR-NYSEArca-2014-41), as
modified by Amendments No. 1 and No. 4 thereto, be, and it hereby is,
approved.
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\73\ Id.
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\74\
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\74\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Kevin M. O'Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2014-27707 Filed 11-21-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P