Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change Related to SPX Combo Orders, 76578-76584 [2012-31154]
Download as PDF
76578
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
entrants have emerged, constraining
prices for both executions and for data.
The vigor of competition for Depth-ofBook information is significant and the
Exchange believes that this proposal
itself clearly evidences such
competition. NASDAQ is increasing the
fee in order to keep pace with changes
in the industry and evolving customer
needs. This product is entirely optional
and is geared towards attracting new
customers, as well as retaining existing
customers.
The Exchange has witnessed
competitors creating new products and
innovative pricing in this space over the
course of the past year. NASDAQ
continues to see firms challenge its
pricing on the basis of the Exchange’s
explicit fees being higher than the zeropriced fees from other competitors such
as BATS. In all cases, firms make
decisions on how much and what types
of data to consume on the basis of the
total cost of interacting with NASDAQ
or other exchanges. Of course, the
explicit data fees are but one factor in
a total platform analysis. Some
competitors have lower transactions fees
and higher data fees, and others are vice
versa. The market for this Depth-of-Book
information is highly competitive and
continually evolves as products develop
and change.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received from
Members, Participants, or Others
Written comments were neither
solicited nor received.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
The foregoing rule change has become
effective pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act.6 At any time
within 60 days of the filing of the
proposed rule change, the Commission
summarily may temporarily suspend
such rule change if it appears to the
Commission that such action is
necessary or appropriate in the public
interest, for the protection of investors,
or otherwise in furtherance of the
purposes of the Act. If the Commission
takes such action, the Commission shall
institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule should be
approved or disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an email to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2012–133 on the
subject line.
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2012–133. This
file number should be included on the
subject line if email is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official
business days between the hours of
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such
filing also will be available for
inspection and copying at the principal
office of NASDAQ. All comments
received will be posted without change;
the Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR–
NASDAQ–2012–133 and should be
submitted on or before January 18, 2013.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.7
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012–31152 Filed 12–27–12; 8:45 am]
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–68504; File No. SR–CBOE–
2012–122]
Self-Regulatory Organizations;
Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Notice of Filing of a
Proposed Rule Change Related to SPX
Combo Orders
December 20, 2012.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on December
6, 2012, the Chicago Board Options
Exchange, Incorporated (‘‘Exchange’’ or
‘‘CBOE’’) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the
‘‘Commission’’) the proposed rule
change as described in Items I, II, and
III below, which Items have been
prepared by the Exchange. The
Commission is publishing this notice to
solicit comments on the proposed rule
change from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange is proposing to amend
its procedures for trading SPX Combo
Orders. The text of the rule proposal is
available on the Exchange’s Web site
(https://www.cboe.org/legal), at the
Exchange’s Office of the Secretary and
at the Commission.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
self-regulatory organization included
statements concerning the purpose of
and basis for the proposed rule change
and discussed any comments it received
on the proposed rule change. The text
of those statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below.
The Exchange has prepared summaries,
set forth in sections A, B, and C below,
of the most significant parts of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
The Exchange proposes to amend
CBOE Rule 24.20, SPX Combination
Orders, to adopt a one-year pilot
program containing revised procedures
that the Exchange believes would make
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
1 15
6 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(a)(ii).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
7 17
Jkt 229001
PO 00000
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
Frm 00130
Fmt 4703
2 17
Sfmt 4703
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
28DEN1
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
the trading of certain combination
orders in S&P 500 Index option
contracts (SPX) more competitive with
the trading of combinations in S&P 500
Index futures contracts traded on the
Chicago Mercantile Exchange (‘‘CME’’).
As discussed further below, the
Exchange is also proposing to revise the
existing SPX Combo Order text to make
certain clarifying amendments.
Background
When SPX traders and customers
trade SPX options, they hedge their
underlying risk with either S&P 500
Index futures traded at CME or with
SPX call and put options traded as
combinations at CBOE (for purposes of
this discussion, a ‘‘combination’’ is an
order involving a number of call option
contracts and the same or equivalent
number of put option contracts in the
same underlying security).3 In order for
SPX traders and customers to hedge the
risk of their options positions using S&P
500 futures, they have to execute two
separate trades in two separate markets.
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
Example 1: Assume a trader or customer
wants to buy the SPX April 1335 puts and
hedge with the April futures contract trading
at 1350. First, the SPX April 1335 put option
position would be traded at CBOE. After the
options trade, the trader or customer then has
to submit an order to CME to trade the
appropriate number of S&P 500 Index April
futures contracts to hedge the options trade.
Example 2: Assume a trader or customer
wants to trade a conversion involving the
purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts and the
sale of the SPX April 1335 calls with the
purchase of the April futures contract trading
at 1350. First the SPX April 1335 put-call
option position would be traded on CBOE.
After the options trade, the trader or
customer then has to submit an order to CME
to trade the appropriate number of S&P 500
3 See CBOE Rule 6.53(e). A combination is a long
combination when it combines a long call and a
short put on the same series, and it is a short
combination when it combines a short call and a
long put of the same series. An options position can
be hedged by trading the number of combinations
equivalent to the delta of the particular option
multiplied by the number of options in the
transaction. The ‘‘delta’’ is the number of SPX
combinations required to establish a market neutral
hedge based on the value of the underlying S&P 500
Index futures contract. See CBOE Rule 24.20(a)(2).
For example, a customer that purchases 100 SPX
calls that have a delta of 30 (expressed as 30% or
.30) may hedge against a downward movement in
the S&P 500 Index by either selling S&P 500 Index
futures on the CME or by trading short SPX
combinations. If combinations are used to hedge,
the customer will need to trade 30 short
combinations (.30 × 100). The appropriate ratio of
combinations in this example is to sell 30 SPX calls
and buy 30 SPX puts with the same strike price and
expiration date. If futures are used to hedge, the
customer will need to sell 12 S&P 500 Index futures
on the CME ((.30 × 100)/2.5 = 12), where 2.5 is the
multiplier used to convert SPX options positions to
the equivalent S&P 500 Index futures position (one
S&P 500 Index future equals 2.5 SPX combinations).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
Jkt 229001
Index April futures contracts to hedge the
options trade.
Hedging SPX options by using S&P
futures in this manner is not preferred
by traders and customers because of the
execution risk that is involved in having
to trade in two separate markets. In
other words, the trader or customer is
exposed to the risk of the S&P 500 Index
moving significantly before the hedging
futures transaction can be executed (e.g.,
assume the trader or customer in
Example 1 above completes the
purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts but
the S&P 500 Index declines sharply
before the futures can be traded. Given
the market decline, the trader or
customer must sell the futures at a much
lower price to complete the hedge.) As
a result, SPX traders and customers
prefer trading SPX combinations against
their SPX options positions in order to
hedge the risk associated with those
positions.
Example 3: Assume the S&P 500 Index
April futures contract is trading at 1350 and
a customer wants to trade the 30 delta SPX
April 1335 puts tied to the April 1350 calls
and April 1350 puts (instead of the April
futures contract). Under this scenario, all
three legs of the strategy would be traded on
CBOE.
Example 4: Assume a trader or customer
wants to trade a conversion involving the
purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts and the
sale of the SPX April 1335 calls tied to the
April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts (instead
of the April futures contract). Under this
scenario, all four legs of the strategy would
be traded on CBOE.
One reason that the use of
combinations by SPX traders and
customers is preferred is obviously that
all the required transactions can be
effected as a package in one market,
CBOE. Hedging options with
combinations avoids the execution risk
and the increased costs involved in
trading in the futures market. Another
reason that the use of combinations is
preferred is that an options order can be
‘‘tied’’ to a particular level of the S&P
500 Index in order to establish the
hedge price.4 When SPX options are
4 Using the example in note 3, supra, the
customer will request a market for the calls that the
customer wishes to purchase based on a specified
level of the S&P 500 Index. The customer specifies
an underlying level of the S&P 500 Index to allow
market participants to determine the delta (in this
case 30) and a theoretical value of the calls. A
market participant will then give his or her market
for the 30 delta calls and for the component call and
put options that will make up the combination. The
combination portion of the order is equivalent to an
order to trade futures at the underlying value of the
S&P 500 Index that has been specified by the
parties. The prices quoted for the call and put
components of the combination establish the hedge
price for the transaction. When the foregoing
occurs, SPX traders and customers say that the calls
have been ‘‘tied’’ to the combination or ‘‘tied to the
combo.’’
PO 00000
Frm 00131
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
76579
tied to SPX combinations, the
underlying hedge level of the S&P 500
Index is established and traders and
customers can determine the exact
implied volatilities of their options
trades.5 Hedging options with
combinations acts as an incentive for
market-makers to reduce the price width
of their markets because they know that
their hedge price has been established
and they will not have to trade in
another market. Thus, customers who
trade options tied to combinations enjoy
tighter and more liquid markets.
Occasionally, certain market activity
occurs that makes it difficult to effect
these types of trades. If an order for
options tied to a combination receives
an initial quote but does not trade
immediately, it remains a live order
until the party that submitted the order
cancels it. The order may not trade
immediately for any reason, but some of
the more common reasons are that the
customer submitting the order may want
to show the order to other market
participants in order to improve the
initial quote received, or a Trading
Permit Holder (‘‘TPH’’) may need time
to locate a customer that it believes
might like to participate in the trade.
Specific market activity can occur hours
after an order for options tied to a
combination is submitted and initially
quoted that would make the trade
desirable to both the customer and the
market-maker to consummate. However,
in a volatile market, the underlying
index can move substantially in one
direction such that the originally quoted
prices for the options and the
combinations are no longer within the
current market quotes. In such market
conditions, the parties would be unable
to consummate the trade because CBOE
Rules preclude trading the legs of the
options and a combination strategy
outside of the currently prevailing
market quotes in the individual
component series legs.6 Certain relief
currently applies in the case of an SPX
Combo Order executed pursuant to
CBOE Rule 24.20 (the term ‘‘SPX Combo
Order’’ is defined and discussed in more
detail below). However, this relief is
limited and not near [sic] as
accommodating as the rules for trading
spreads and combinations on the futures
5 Implied volatility is defined as the volatility
percentage that justifies an option’s price. When the
customer and the market-maker establish the
underlying hedge level of the S&P 500 Index and
a market price for the calls, the market-maker and
the customer are able to use option pricing models
to determine the implied volatility of the calls.
Knowing the implied volatility that is being quoted
in the market is useful to customers and traders in
that customers and traders frequently take positions
in the market based on the implied volatility level.
6 See, e.g., CBOE Rules 6.45B(b)(ii) and 6.53C.
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
76580
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
markets. Thus, when it comes to the
existence of rule constraints that may
prevent complex, multi-part strategy
trades from occurring out-of-range from
the prevailing market quotes in the
individual component series legs,
another significant consideration for
SPX traders and market participants is
the ease with which an execution can
take place on other markets such as the
CME, which offers a comparable
alternative to SPX but is not subject to
the same constraints as a national
securities exchange like CBOE.
In that regard, CBOE Rule 24.20 was
adopted in 2002 to enable the Exchange
to better compete with futures
exchanges such as the CME.7 The
purpose of the rule is to permit the
trading of out-of-range ‘‘SPX Combo
Orders’’ under certain, limited
circumstances. In essence, the rule sets
forth a procedure that allows for an SPX
Combo Order to be executed and
reported up to 2 hours after the order is
originally quoted, at the prices
originally quoted. Specifically, for
purposes of the rule, an ‘‘SPX Combo
Order’’ is narrowly defined to be an
order to purchase or sell SPX options
and the offsetting number of SPX
combinations defined by the delta. An
‘‘SPX combination’’ is defined [sic] a
long SPX call and a short SPX put
having the same expiration date and
strike price (contrast this to the general
definition of a ‘‘combination’’ noted
above). A ‘‘delta’’ is defined as the
positive (negative) number of SPX
combinations that must be sold (bought)
to establish a market neutral hedge with
an SPX option position. Under the rule,
when a TPH holding an SPX Combo
7 Originally, the Exchange had considered
modeling a CBOE rule after CME Rule 542
(discussed in more detail below). However, the
Exchange ultimately settled on a proposal that
would have allowed a CBOE TPH (referred to as a
‘‘member’’ at the time) to execute an SPX Combo
Order immediately or at any time thereafter during
the trading day at the prices originally quoted for
each of the component option series. Thus, the
originally quoted prices would have had to have
been within the current market at the time of the
original quote, but a trade could be executed and
reported at any time thereafter during the trading
day. This proposal was noticed for comment in
October 2000. Although there were no comments on
the proposal, the Exchange submitted several
amendments to the rule filing in order to, among
other things, add a definition of an ‘‘SPX Combo
Order,’’ provide that if the execution does not occur
at the current market prices originally quoted it may
only be executed up to 2 hours after the time of the
original quote, clarify that each component leg of
an SPX Combo Order would be reported using an
indicator, and to include additional information
concerning the need for the proposal. The proposal,
as modified, was ultimately approved in February
2002. See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos.
43452 (October 17, 2000), 65 FR 63658 (October 24,
2000) (SR–CBOE–00–40) and 45389 (February 4,
2002), 67 FR 6291 (February 11, 2002) (SR–CBOE–
00–40).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
Jkt 229001
Order and bidding or offer [sic] in a
multiple of the minimum increment on
the basis of a total debit or credit for the
order has determined that the order may
not be executed by a combination of
transactions with the bids and offers
displayed in the SPX limit order book
or by the displayed quotes of the crowd,
then the SPX Combo Order may be
executed at the best net debit or credit
so long as (i) no leg of the SPX Combo
Order would trade at a price outside the
currently displayed bids or offers in the
trading crowd or bids and offers in the
SPX limit order book; and (ii) at least
one leg of the SPX Combo Order would
trade at a price better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX
limit order book (which consists of
public customer orders).8 If the SPX
Combo Order is not executed
immediately, the rule provides that, not
withstanding any other rules of the
Exchange, the SPX Combo Order may be
executed and printed outside the
current market quotes and at the prices
originally quoted for each component
series within 2 hours after the time of
the original quotes (the Exchange refers
to this as the ‘‘2-hour window’’
procedure).
Example 5: Assume the S&P 500 Index
April futures contract is trading at 1350 and
a customer wants to trade the 30 delta SPX
April 1335 puts tied to the April 1350 calls
and April 1350 puts. The TPH holding the
customer’s SPX Combo Order receives an
original quoted market at 9:35 a.m. (all times
are Chicago time). The TPH can execute that
SPX Combo Order any time up to 11:35 a.m.
at the prices originally quoted (even if the
prices are out-of-range from the current
display market at the time the trade is later
executed and reported).9
As noted above, this procedure
allowing for a 2-hour window for trade
execution and reporting was adopted in
8 Stated another way, this provision provides that,
if there are resting public customer orders on all of
the legs of the individual series of the strategy, at
least one leg of the order must trade at a price that
is better than the corresponding bid or offer.
9 For purposes of the example, assume the 30
delta SPX April 1335 put is bid $6.00 and offered
$6.20, and the SPX April 1350 call and April1350
put are each bid $12.00 and offered $12.30. The
TPH agrees to buy 100 of the 1335 puts at $6.20
and, to hedge these, agrees to buy 30 April 1350
calls at $12.00 and to sell 30 April 1350 puts at
$12.00 (30 ‘‘long’’ combinations). Before the orders
can be executed, assume that the market rallies to
a new futures level of 1355. The April 1350 call is
now trading at $15, the April 1350 put at $10 and
the April 1335 put at $ 4.75. Normally the TPH
would not be able to execute the strategy because
the component legs would trade out-of-range of the
current displayed market. However, existing CBOE
Rule 24.20 permits an execution at the prices
originally quoted ($6.20 and $12 in the respective
series) because the options would not have traded
outside the displayed bids or offers originally
quoted in the crowd and book ($6 bid, $6.20
offered; $12 bid, $12.30 offered).
PO 00000
Frm 00132
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
order to allow the Exchange to try to
compete on a more level field with the
CME, where the trading of S&P 500
Index futures contracts is conducted
under much more liberal trading rules
designated to facilitate complex, multipart order executions. By comparison,
CME rules provide that a spread or
combination can trade without regard to
the current market prices so long as
each of the respective legs of the spread
or combination transaction is priced
within the daily price limits for those
contracts that have price limits. In the
case of the S&P 500 Index futures
contract, the daily limit is a 5 percent
upside and downside price limit based
on the prior day’s settlement price.10 In
essence, CME has a market for complex,
multi-part order strategies that is
entirely separate from its market for
simple order strategies and is bound
only by the daily limit.
Example 6: A CME trader wants to execute
an S&P 500 Index futures contract
combination order strategy at 9:35 a.m. (or
9:36 a.m., or 11:35 a.m., or any other time
throughout the regular trade day session).
The trader can execute the order at any net
price so long as each respective leg price
does not exceed 5 percent of the upside/
downside price limit based on the prior day’s
settlement price.
From CBOE’s perspective, the SPX
Combo Order rule for options does not
come close to leveling the field with the
CME rule for spread and combination
trading. CBOE’s rule still requires an
SPX Combo Order to be executed at the
prices originally quoted, it just gives a
two-hour window to find liquidity and
complete the execution. By comparison,
the CME rule allows spread and
combination executions to take place
without regard to market prices and
only be bound by the daily limit. Under
these competing frameworks, it can be
more difficult for a CBOE market
participant attempting to achieve an
execution of a complex SPX option
trading strategy compared to a CME
market participant attempting to achieve
an execution of substantially the same
strategy using S&P 500 Index futures
contracts. While this distinction is
particularly exacerbated during times of
market volatility, it can also be an issue
at other times as well. In addition, the
Exchange believes market participants
who are looking to frequently trade
spreads or combinations, in general, or
as a strategy for hedging risk, in
particular, would tend to utilize a
10 See, e.g., CME Rule 542, Simultaneous Spread
and Combination Transactions; see also CME Rule
35102.I, Price Limits, Trading Halts, and/or Trading
Hours [sic] (which contains information on the
daily price limits for S&P 500 Index futures
contracts).
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
market venue where they can more
consistently depend on achieving a net
price execution at all times—regardless
of the level of market volatility—which
can put CBOE at a competitive
disadvantage. The additional burden
placed on CBOE market participants can
have the effect of discouraging trading
on CBOE in favor of trading on the CME.
The Exchange believes this competitive
disadvantage is not consistent with just
and equitable principles, serves as an
impediment to a free and open market,
and may ultimately not serve investors
or the public interest. In order to
compete and more effectively achieve
certain strategy executions, as well as
manage risk, the Exchange believes that
market participants need more
comparable procedures within the
CBOE Rules.
Proposal
The Exchange is now seeking to
amend its SPX Combo Order procedures
on a pilot basis in an attempt to further
level the field of competition between
market participants trading on CBOE
and CME. In particular, the Exchange is
now proposing to replace the existing 2hour window procedure (which allows
a trade within 2 hours after the original
quotes) with a new 2-hour window
procedure (which would allow a trade
to take place so long as it is would have
been in the permissible net price trading
range within the preceding 2 hours) on
a one-year pilot basis.
The new 2-hour window procedure
would be reflected in proposed new
Interpretation and Policy .01 to Rule
24.20, which would replace the existing
2-hour window procedure reflected in
existing Rule 24.20(b)(2), for a pilot
period ending one-year after this rule
change filing is approved. The new
Interpretation and Policy would provide
that, notwithstanding any other rules of
the Exchange, an SPX Combo Order may
be transacted in open outcry in the
following manner: A TPH holding an
SPX Combo Order may execute the
order at the best net debit or credit
price, which may be outside the current
derived net market so long as (i) the best
net debit or credit price would have
been at or within the derived net market
over the preceding 2 hours of trading
that day, (ii) no leg of the order would
trade at a price outside the displayed
bids or offers in the trading crowd or in
the SPX limit order book (which
contains public customer orders) for
that series at a point in time over the
preceding 2 hour period, and (iii) at
least one leg of the order would trade at
a price that is better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX
limit order book (which contains public
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
Jkt 229001
customer orders) at the same point in
time over the preceding 2 hour period.11
The ‘‘derived net market’’ will be
defined as the Exchange’s best bids and
offers displayed in the individual option
series legs for the strategy at any one
point in time.
Example 7: Assume the S&P 500 Index
April futures contract is trading at 1350 and
a TPH wants to trade the 30 delta SPX April
1335 puts tied to the April 1350 calls and
April 1350 puts. Assume the TPH wants to
buy 100 SPX April 1335 puts at $6.20 tied
to a purchase of 30 April 1350 calls at $12
and sale of 30 April 1350 puts at $12 at 9:35
a.m. At the time, assume the current
displayed market for the April 1335 puts is
$6.00–$6.20, for the April 1350 calls is
$12.10–$12.50, and for the April 1350 puts
is $12.10–$12.50. As a result, the SPX Combo
Order is priced ‘‘out-of-range’’ from the
current derived net market ($12 is outside the
$12.10 bid, $12.50 offered markets for the
April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts). The
TPH can execute the SPX Combo Order at the
desired net price so long as it is the best net
price and the net price would have been in
range over the preceding 2 hours of trading
that day. In particular, the net price must be
at or within the derived net market price
range over the preceding 2 hours of trading
that day, each component series leg must
trade at a price at or within the displayed
bids or offers at a point in time over the
preceding 2 hour period, and at least one leg
must trade at a price that is better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX limit
order book at the same point in time. (In this
particular example, the derived net market
range would be based on the markets that
existed from 8:30 a.m.–9:35 a.m., since the
market was open for less than 2 hours).
Assume, for example, if the displayed market
at 9:20 a.m. for the April 1335 puts was
$5.90–$6.30, for the April 1350 calls was
$12.00–$12.60, and for the April 1350 puts
was $12.00–$12.60 and there are not public
customer orders displayed at the best price
in all of the component series, then the SPX
Combo Order could be executed at the
desired net price because it would have been
net priced at or within the derived net market
over the preceding two hours of trading, the
individual component leg prices are at or
within the displayed component series
prices, and at least one leg would trade at
[sic] price that improves corresponding
public customer orders in the SPX limit order
book.
It should be noted that the derived net
market would be calculated based on
the displayed prices in each of the
component series that exist at a single
point in time over the preceding 2-hour
window, not separate points in time for
each series (e.g., a TPH cannot use the
prices of the April 1335 puts at 9:20
11 Stated another way, this provision provides
that, if there are resting public customer orders on
all of the legs of the individual series of the strategy
at the same point in time, at least one leg of the
order must trade at a price that is better than the
corresponding bid or offer.
PO 00000
Frm 00133
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
76581
a.m. and the prices of the April 1350
calls and puts at 9:30 a.m. to calculate
a derived net market). The net execution
price must have been ‘‘in range’’ over
the prior 2-hour window of trading. To
be ‘‘in range,’’ as noted above, the net
price must have been at or within the
derived net market over the preceding 2hour period, and each leg of the order
must ‘‘line up’’ and trade at a price that
would have been at or inside the best
bids and offers displayed in the
individual option series legs at a single
point in time over the 2-hour window
and at least one leg must trade at a price
that is better that corresponding public
customer orders in the SPX limit order
book at the same point in time.
This procedure is generally modeled
after CME Rule 542 (e.g., an SPX Combo
Order may be executed out-of-range
from the current market prices in the
individual component option series
legs), except that under CBOE’s
proposed pilot the reported net price
and related component series prices
must [sic] in range within the preceding
2 hours. By comparison, the CME rule
only requires the reported price of each
component futures contract leg to be
within the daily limit price (a number
that is, by definition, generally much
wider than the 2-hour derived net
market range proposed by CBOE).
As is the case for the existing SPX
Combo Order trading procedure today,
SPX Combo Orders executed under the
proposed new pilot procedure would
continue to be identified with a special
indicator on each component leg that
would be price reported to the trading
floor and the Options Price Reporting
Authority (‘‘OPRA’’). This indicator acts
as notice to the public that the reported
prices are part of an SPX Combo Order
trade. Therefore, the Exchange believes
that price discovery should not be
adversely affected by the operation of
CBOE Rule 24.20, as proposed to be
modified. In addition, as is the case
today, the proposed procedure under
CBOE Rule 24.20 would not lessen the
obligations of TPHs to obtain best
execution of options orders for their
customers. Therefore, with the approval
of the proposed rule change, CBOE will
issue a regulatory circular to its TPHs
explaining the operation of CBOE Rule
24.20, as amended. In the regulatory
circular, CBOE will remind TPHs that
CBOE 24.20 does not lessen the
obligation of TPHs to obtain best
execution of options orders for their
customers.
If the Exchange were to propose an
extension of the proposed pilot
program, or should the Exchange
propose to make the program
permanent, the Exchange would submit,
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
76582
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
along with any filing proposing such
amendments to the program, a pilot
program report that would provide an
analysis of the program covering the
period during which the program was in
effect. This report would include
information on the number of SPX
Combo trades and best bid or offer trade
through/trade at analysis of such SPX
Combo trades. The report will also
include information on the SPX options
class and other broad-based index
option products, including information
on average contract value, average daily
volume, open interest, average order
size, percentage of complex orders,
percentage of volume from complex
orders, and average daily notional value
traded. The report would be submitted
to the Commission at least two months
prior to the expiration date of the pilot
program and would be provided on a
confidential basis.
The Exchange believes the proposed
pilot procedure will facilitate the
orderly execution of SPX Combo Orders
at all times, including during volatile
markets, in a manner that is more
competitive with the existing CME
process. In addition, the Exchange
believes the proposed pilot procedure
will continue to address customers’
desire to show an order to other market
participants to seek price improvement
or additional liquidity. The Exchange
also believes the proposed pilot
procedure will continue to create an
incentive for market-makers to reduce
the price width of their markets because
they know that their hedge price has
been established and they will not have
to trade in another market. Thus,
customers who trade options tied to
combinations will continue to enjoy
tighter and more liquid markets
In proposing to introduce this pilot,
CBOE is cognizant of the need for
market participants to have substantial
options transaction capacity and
flexibility to hedge their trading activity
in SPX, on the one hand, and priority
principles common to securities
exchanges, on the other. CBOE is also
cognizant of the CME market, in which
similar restrictions do not apply. In light
of these considerations, CBOE believes
the proposed pilot procedure is
appropriate and reasonable and would
provide market participants with
additional flexibility in achieving
desired SPX Combo Order strategies and
in determining whether to execute their
options on CBOE or a comparable
product on CME. In that regard, the
Exchange notes that the proposed new
procedure outlined above does not go as
far as what exists today on CME and
instead represents what the Exchange
believes is only an incremental change
to an existing trading process that is
already very narrowly tailored. For the
foregoing reasons, CBOE believes that
the proposed pilot procedure for trading
SPX Combo Orders is reasonable and
appropriate, would promote just and
equitable principles of trade, and would
facilitate transactions in securities while
continuing to foster the public interest
and investor protection.
The S&P 500 Index is widely regarded
as the best single gauge of investable
U.S. equities. There is over $4.83 trillion
benchmarked to the index, of which
Avg. daily volume
(ADV)
index assets comprise approximately
$1.1 trillion. The index includes 500
leading companies with an aggregate
market capitalization of $12.4 trillion,
which represents approximately 80% of
the available market capitalization of all
U.S. equities.12 Aggregate trading
activity in S&P 500 component
securities averages 2.7 billion shares per
day, roughly four times the aggregate
average daily volume of components of
the Nasdaq-100, Russell 2000 Indexes
and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
The S&P 500 serves as the underlying
interest for the most liquid and activelytraded derivatives contracts globally, in
both listed and over-the-counter
markets. As a result, S&P 500 index
derivatives are widely recognized, and
used, by institutional investors as
efficient and cost-effective tools to
quickly gain or reduce exposure to U.S.
equities. The average order size in SPX
options of 152 contracts, for instance,
represents an economic exposure of
over $20 million. CBOE estimates that
activity in over-the-counter S&P 500
contracts is between 4 to 6 times the
size of listed activity, yet competition
among dealers typically results in
narrower spreads than comparable overthe-counter (‘‘OTC’’) instruments
overlying other leading U.S. equity
benchmarks.
As shown in the following table,
trading activity and open interest in
listed S&P 500 derivative contracts is at
least ten times the activity and open
interest of other leading broad-based
index contracts in terms of both
contracts and notional value.13
Avg. daily notional value
($Millions)
% ADV
% Avg. daily
notional value
Open interest
(10/31/12)
% Open interest
2,793,369
297,295
205,087
128,435
82
9
6
4
$253,003
24,457
16,489
8,140
84
8
5
3
18,133,151
867,724
1,078,110
354,232
89
4
5
2
Total ..................................................
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
S&P 500 Index .........................................
Nasdaq-100 Index ....................................
Russell 2000 Index ..................................
Dow Jones Industrial Average .................
3,424,187
........................
302,089
........................
20,433,217
........................
Cash-settled SPX options and S&P 500
futures and futures options account for
2.8 million contracts per day, or 82% of
the average daily volume traded in the
leading equity index contracts.
Additionally, S&P 500-based derivatives
account for over $250 billion average
daily notional value traded, or 84% of
average daily notional in the leading
index contracts. Open interest in S&P
500 index contracts as of October 31,
2012 was over 18 million contracts with
a notional value of over $2 trillion,
which is ten times greater than the open
interest in the other leading index
contracts combined.
The transparency and liquidity of S&P
500 index options has given rise to
substantial activity in volatility trading.
CBOE understands that equity volatility
trading globally is predominantly based
on 3 indexes: S&P 500 Index (U.S.),
EuroStoxx 50 Index (Europe) and Nikkei
225 Index (Japan, Asia); most of that
activity is based on the S&P 500 Index.
Futures and options on the CBOE
Volatility Index (VIX), based on S&P 500
index option prices, are by far the most
active listed volatility contracts in the
world. CBOE understands VIX-related
activity currently represents the
majority of all S&P 500-based volatility
trading (listed and OTC).
12 See https://us.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp500. In comparison, the aggregate market
capitalization [sic] other popular broad-based
indexes are: Nasdaq-100 Index—$2.9 trillion,
Russell 2000 Index—$1.3 trillion and the Dow Jones
Industrial Average—$3.8 trillion.
13 ‘‘Notional Value’’ is the product of contracts
times contract multiplier times underlying index
value.
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
Jkt 229001
PO 00000
Frm 00134
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
CBOE understands that combination
orders in SPX, including SPX Combo
Orders, are also used as a way to trade
volatility. By trading an SPX position
‘‘delta-neutral’’ with an offsetting
combination in SPX, traders virtually
eliminate market risk, leaving implied
volatility as the predominant risk factor.
The Exchange is also proposing to
revise the existing SPX Combo Order
text to make certain clarifying
amendments. In particular, the
Exchange is proposing to revise the
definition of an ‘‘SPX combination.’’ As
noted above, currently an SPX
combination is defined as ‘‘a long SPX
call and a short SPX put having the
same expiration date and strike price.’’
The Exchange is proposing to revise the
definition to include a short SPX call
and a long SPX put having the same
expiration date and strike price. By
definition, both strategies are
permissible under the existing rule
(otherwise one would never have a
contra-side with which to trade; also,
this clarification is consistent with other
provisions of the rule that recognize
both buy-side and sell-side interest). In
addition, instead of using the terms
‘‘long’’ and ‘‘short,’’ the Exchange is
proposing to use the terms ‘‘purchase’’
and ‘‘sale’’ to be consistent with the
language in the existing definitions of
‘‘SPX Combo’’ and ‘‘delta’’ (which are
noted above). Thus, as revised, an ‘‘SPX
combination’’ would be defined as ‘‘a
purchase (sale) of an SPX call and a sale
(purchase) of an SPX put having the
same expiration date and strike price.’’
The Exchange is also proposing to revise
the definition of an ‘‘SPX Combo’’ to
replace the phrase ‘‘SPX options’’ with
‘‘an SPX option position’’ (as revised,
the definition would be ‘‘an order to
purchase or sell an SPX option position
and the offsetting number of SPX
combinations defined by the delta’’).
The use of the phrase ‘‘an SPX option
position’’ is consistent with the
language in the existing definition of
delta (which is defined as ‘‘the positive
(negative) number of SPX combinations
that must be sold (bought) to establish
a market neutral hedge with an SPX
option position’’) and also is intended to
make it clear that an SPX Combo Order
is intended to consist of an SPX
combination (which has two component
legs) that hedges an SPX option position
(which can consist of one or more
component legs). Finally, the Exchange
is proposing to change a reference in the
rule from ‘‘SPX combination’’ to the
word ‘‘order.’’ 14 This change is
14 The current text of Rule 24.2(b)(1) [sic] provide
[sic] in relevant part as follows: ‘‘When a Trading
Permit Holder holding an SPX Combo Order and
VerDate Mar<15>2010
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
Jkt 229001
intended to clarify the existing
application of the rule. The use of the
word ‘‘order’’ (which is intended to
capture the broader SPX Combo order)
is consistent with the terminology used
elsewhere in the existing rule text 15 and
with the Exchange’s general priority
provisions for any complex order.16
2. Statutory Basis
The Exchange believes that the
proposed rule change will allow for the
orderly execution of SPX Combo Orders
and will be beneficial to both customers
and traders. Accordingly, the Exchange
believes the proposed rule change is
consistent with and furthers the
objectives of Section 6(b) of the Act,17
in general, and Section 6(b)(5) of the
Act,18 in particular, in that it should
promote just and equitable principles of
trade, serve to remove impediments to
and perfect the mechanism of a free and
open market and a national market
system, and protect investors and the
public interest.
As noted above, the Exchange
believes the proposed pilot procedure
will facilitate the orderly execution of
SPX Combo Orders at all times,
including during volatile markets, in a
manner that is more competitive with
the existing CME process. In addition,
the Exchange believes the proposed
pilot procedure will continue to address
customers’ desire to show an order to
other market participants to seek price
improvement or additional liquidity.
The Exchange also believes the
proposed pilot procedure will continue
to create an incentive for market-makers
to reduce the price width of their
markets because they know that their
hedge price has been established and
they will not have to trade in another
market. Thus, customers who trade
options tied to combinations will
continue to enjoy tighter and more
liquid markets.
In proposing the pilot, CBOE is
cognizant of the need for market
bidding or offering in a multiple of the minimum
increment on the basis of a total debit or credit for
the order has determined that the order may not be
executed by a combination of transactions with the
bids and offers displayed in the SPX limit order
book or by the displayed quotes of the crowd, then
the order may be executed at the best net debit or
credit so long as (A) no leg of the order would trade
at a price outside the currently displayed bids or
offers in the trading crowd or bids or offers in the
SPX limit order book and (B) at least one leg of the
SPX combination would trade at a price that is
better than the corresponding bid or offer in the
SPX limit order book.’’ (emphasis added). As
proposed to be revised, the phrase ‘‘SPX
combination’’ would be replaced with the word
‘‘order.’’
15 Id.
16 See, e.g., Rules 6.45A(b) and 6.45B(b).
17 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
18 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
PO 00000
Frm 00135
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
76583
participants to have substantial options
transaction capacity and flexibility to
hedge their trading activity in SPX, on
the one hand, and priority principles
common to securities exchanges, on the
other. CBOE is also cognizant of the
CME market, in which similar
restrictions do not apply. In light of
these considerations, CBOE believes the
proposed pilot procedure is appropriate
and reasonable and would provide
market participants with additional
flexibility in achieving desired SPX
Combo Order strategies and in
determining whether to execute their
options on CBOE or a comparable
product on CME. In that regard, the
Exchange notes that the proposed pilot
procedure outlined above does not go as
far as what exists today on CME and
instead represents what the Exchange
believe [sic] is only an incremental
change to an existing trading process
that is already very narrowly tailored.
For the foregoing reasons, CBOE
believes that the proposed new
procedure for trading SPX Combo
Orders is reasonable and appropriate,
would promote just and equitable
principles of trade, and would facilitate
transactions in securities while
continuing to foster the public interest
and investor protection. Finally, the
Exchange believes that the proposed
revisions to the existing SPX Combo
Order text will provide clarity on the
existing application of the SPX Combo
Order provisions.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Burden on Competition
CBOE does not believe that the
proposed rule change will impose any
burden on competition not necessary or
appropriate in furtherance of the
purposes of the Act.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received From
Members, Participants, or Others
The Exchange neither solicited nor
received comments on the proposal.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 45 days of the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal
Register or within such longer period (i)
as the Commission may designate up to
90 days of such date if it finds such
longer period to be appropriate and
publishes its reasons for so finding or
(ii) as to which the self-regulatory
organization consents, the Commission
will:
(A) By order approve or disapprove
such proposed rule change, or
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
76584
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 249 / Friday, December 28, 2012 / Notices
(B) Institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
argument concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an email to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–CBOE–2012–122 on the
subject line.
Paper Comments
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–CBOE–2012–122. This file
number should be included on the
subject line if email is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room on official business
days between the hours of 10:00 a.m.
and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such filing also
will be available for inspection and
copying at the principal offices of the
Exchange. All comments received will
be posted without change; the
Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR–CBOE–
2012–122, and should be submitted on
or before January 18, 2013.
20:15 Dec 27, 2012
[FR Doc. 2012–31154 Filed 12–27–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
[Disaster Declaration #13423 and #13424]
Alaska Disaster #AK–00025
Electronic Comments
VerDate Mar<15>2010
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.19
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
Jkt 229001
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Notice.
AGENCY:
This is a notice of an
Administrative declaration of a disaster
for the State of Alaska dated 12/18/
2012.
Incident: High Winds and Flooding.
Incident Period: 09/15/2012 through
09/30/2012.
Effective Date: 12/18/2012.
Physical Loan Application Deadline
Date: 02/18/2013.
Economic Injury (EIDL) Loan
Application Deadline Date: 09/18/2013.
ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan
applications to: U.S. Small Business
Administration, Processing and
Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport
Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A.
Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance,
U.S. Small Business Administration,
409 3rd Street SW., Suite 6050,
Washington, DC 20416.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
hereby given that as a result of the
Administrator’s disaster declaration,
applications for disaster loans may be
filed at the address listed above or other
locally announced locations.
The following areas have been
determined to be adversely affected by
the disaster:
Primary Counties: Kenai Peninsula
Borough; Matanuska-Susitna
Borough.
Contiguous Counties:
Alaska: Chugach Reaa; Copper River
Reaa; Delta/Greely Reaa; Denali
Borough; Iditarod Area Reaa;
Kodiak Island Borough; Lake And
Peninsula Borough; Municipality of
Anchorage.
The Interest Rates are:
SUMMARY:
For Physical Damage:
Homeowners With Credit Available Elsewhere ......................
19 17
PO 00000
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
Frm 00136
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
Percent
Homeowners Without Credit
Available Elsewhere ..............
Businesses With Credit Available Elsewhere ......................
Businesses
Without
Credit
Available Elsewhere ..............
Non-Profit Organizations With
Credit Available Elsewhere ...
Non-Profit Organizations Without Credit Available Elsewhere .....................................
For Economic Injury:
Businesses & Small Agricultural
Cooperatives Without Credit
Available Elsewhere ..............
Non-Profit Organizations Without Credit Available Elsewhere .....................................
1.688
6.000
4.000
3.125
3.000
4.000
3.000
The number assigned to this disaster
for physical damage is 13423B and for
economic injury is 134240.
The State which received an EIDL
Declaration #is ALASKA.
(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Numbers 59002 and 59008)
Dated: December 18, 2012.
Karen G. Mills,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2012–31326 Filed 12–27–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8025–01–P
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
[Disaster Declaration # 13420 and # 13421]
Massachusetts Disaster # MA–00051
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Notice.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This is a notice of an
Administrative declaration of a disaster
for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
dated 12/12/2012.
Incident: Leominster Commercial and
Residential Complex Fire.
Incident Period: 11/24/2012.
Effective Date: 12/12/2012.
Physical Loan Application Deadline
Date: 02/11/2013.
Economic Injury (EIDL) Loan
Application Deadline Date: 09/12/2013.
ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan
applications to: U.S. Small Business
Administration, Processing And
Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport
Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A.
Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance,
Percent
U.S. Small Business Administration,
409 3rd Street, SW., Suite 6050,
Washington, DC 20416.
3.375 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is
hereby given that as a result of the
Administrator’s disaster declaration,
E:\FR\FM\28DEN1.SGM
28DEN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 249 (Friday, December 28, 2012)]
[Notices]
[Pages 76578-76584]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-31154]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-68504; File No. SR-CBOE-2012-122]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change Related to SPX
Combo Orders
December 20, 2012.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(the ``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given
that on December 6, 2012, the Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated (``Exchange'' or ``CBOE'') filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as
described in Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared
by the Exchange. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange is proposing to amend its procedures for trading SPX
Combo Orders. The text of the rule proposal is available on the
Exchange's Web site (https://www.cboe.org/legal), at the Exchange's
Office of the Secretary and at the Commission.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
In its filing with the Commission, the self-regulatory organization
included statements concerning the purpose of and basis for the
proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the
proposed rule change. The text of those statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared
summaries, set forth in sections A, B, and C below, of the most
significant parts of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
1. Purpose
The Exchange proposes to amend CBOE Rule 24.20, SPX Combination
Orders, to adopt a one-year pilot program containing revised procedures
that the Exchange believes would make
[[Page 76579]]
the trading of certain combination orders in S&P 500 Index option
contracts (SPX) more competitive with the trading of combinations in
S&P 500 Index futures contracts traded on the Chicago Mercantile
Exchange (``CME''). As discussed further below, the Exchange is also
proposing to revise the existing SPX Combo Order text to make certain
clarifying amendments.
Background
When SPX traders and customers trade SPX options, they hedge their
underlying risk with either S&P 500 Index futures traded at CME or with
SPX call and put options traded as combinations at CBOE (for purposes
of this discussion, a ``combination'' is an order involving a number of
call option contracts and the same or equivalent number of put option
contracts in the same underlying security).\3\ In order for SPX traders
and customers to hedge the risk of their options positions using S&P
500 futures, they have to execute two separate trades in two separate
markets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ See CBOE Rule 6.53(e). A combination is a long combination
when it combines a long call and a short put on the same series, and
it is a short combination when it combines a short call and a long
put of the same series. An options position can be hedged by trading
the number of combinations equivalent to the delta of the particular
option multiplied by the number of options in the transaction. The
``delta'' is the number of SPX combinations required to establish a
market neutral hedge based on the value of the underlying S&P 500
Index futures contract. See CBOE Rule 24.20(a)(2). For example, a
customer that purchases 100 SPX calls that have a delta of 30
(expressed as 30% or .30) may hedge against a downward movement in
the S&P 500 Index by either selling S&P 500 Index futures on the CME
or by trading short SPX combinations. If combinations are used to
hedge, the customer will need to trade 30 short combinations (.30 x
100). The appropriate ratio of combinations in this example is to
sell 30 SPX calls and buy 30 SPX puts with the same strike price and
expiration date. If futures are used to hedge, the customer will
need to sell 12 S&P 500 Index futures on the CME ((.30 x 100)/2.5 =
12), where 2.5 is the multiplier used to convert SPX options
positions to the equivalent S&P 500 Index futures position (one S&P
500 Index future equals 2.5 SPX combinations).
Example 1: Assume a trader or customer wants to buy the SPX
April 1335 puts and hedge with the April futures contract trading at
1350. First, the SPX April 1335 put option position would be traded
at CBOE. After the options trade, the trader or customer then has to
submit an order to CME to trade the appropriate number of S&P 500
Index April futures contracts to hedge the options trade.
Example 2: Assume a trader or customer wants to trade a
conversion involving the purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts and the
sale of the SPX April 1335 calls with the purchase of the April
futures contract trading at 1350. First the SPX April 1335 put-call
option position would be traded on CBOE. After the options trade,
the trader or customer then has to submit an order to CME to trade
the appropriate number of S&P 500 Index April futures contracts to
hedge the options trade.
Hedging SPX options by using S&P futures in this manner is not
preferred by traders and customers because of the execution risk that
is involved in having to trade in two separate markets. In other words,
the trader or customer is exposed to the risk of the S&P 500 Index
moving significantly before the hedging futures transaction can be
executed (e.g., assume the trader or customer in Example 1 above
completes the purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts but the S&P 500 Index
declines sharply before the futures can be traded. Given the market
decline, the trader or customer must sell the futures at a much lower
price to complete the hedge.) As a result, SPX traders and customers
prefer trading SPX combinations against their SPX options positions in
order to hedge the risk associated with those positions.
Example 3: Assume the S&P 500 Index April futures contract is
trading at 1350 and a customer wants to trade the 30 delta SPX April
1335 puts tied to the April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts (instead
of the April futures contract). Under this scenario, all three legs
of the strategy would be traded on CBOE.
Example 4: Assume a trader or customer wants to trade a
conversion involving the purchase of the SPX April 1335 puts and the
sale of the SPX April 1335 calls tied to the April 1350 calls and
April 1350 puts (instead of the April futures contract). Under this
scenario, all four legs of the strategy would be traded on CBOE.
One reason that the use of combinations by SPX traders and
customers is preferred is obviously that all the required transactions
can be effected as a package in one market, CBOE. Hedging options with
combinations avoids the execution risk and the increased costs involved
in trading in the futures market. Another reason that the use of
combinations is preferred is that an options order can be ``tied'' to a
particular level of the S&P 500 Index in order to establish the hedge
price.\4\ When SPX options are tied to SPX combinations, the underlying
hedge level of the S&P 500 Index is established and traders and
customers can determine the exact implied volatilities of their options
trades.\5\ Hedging options with combinations acts as an incentive for
market-makers to reduce the price width of their markets because they
know that their hedge price has been established and they will not have
to trade in another market. Thus, customers who trade options tied to
combinations enjoy tighter and more liquid markets.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ Using the example in note 3, supra, the customer will
request a market for the calls that the customer wishes to purchase
based on a specified level of the S&P 500 Index. The customer
specifies an underlying level of the S&P 500 Index to allow market
participants to determine the delta (in this case 30) and a
theoretical value of the calls. A market participant will then give
his or her market for the 30 delta calls and for the component call
and put options that will make up the combination. The combination
portion of the order is equivalent to an order to trade futures at
the underlying value of the S&P 500 Index that has been specified by
the parties. The prices quoted for the call and put components of
the combination establish the hedge price for the transaction. When
the foregoing occurs, SPX traders and customers say that the calls
have been ``tied'' to the combination or ``tied to the combo.''
\5\ Implied volatility is defined as the volatility percentage
that justifies an option's price. When the customer and the market-
maker establish the underlying hedge level of the S&P 500 Index and
a market price for the calls, the market-maker and the customer are
able to use option pricing models to determine the implied
volatility of the calls. Knowing the implied volatility that is
being quoted in the market is useful to customers and traders in
that customers and traders frequently take positions in the market
based on the implied volatility level.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Occasionally, certain market activity occurs that makes it
difficult to effect these types of trades. If an order for options tied
to a combination receives an initial quote but does not trade
immediately, it remains a live order until the party that submitted the
order cancels it. The order may not trade immediately for any reason,
but some of the more common reasons are that the customer submitting
the order may want to show the order to other market participants in
order to improve the initial quote received, or a Trading Permit Holder
(``TPH'') may need time to locate a customer that it believes might
like to participate in the trade. Specific market activity can occur
hours after an order for options tied to a combination is submitted and
initially quoted that would make the trade desirable to both the
customer and the market-maker to consummate. However, in a volatile
market, the underlying index can move substantially in one direction
such that the originally quoted prices for the options and the
combinations are no longer within the current market quotes. In such
market conditions, the parties would be unable to consummate the trade
because CBOE Rules preclude trading the legs of the options and a
combination strategy outside of the currently prevailing market quotes
in the individual component series legs.\6\ Certain relief currently
applies in the case of an SPX Combo Order executed pursuant to CBOE
Rule 24.20 (the term ``SPX Combo Order'' is defined and discussed in
more detail below). However, this relief is limited and not near [sic]
as accommodating as the rules for trading spreads and combinations on
the futures
[[Page 76580]]
markets. Thus, when it comes to the existence of rule constraints that
may prevent complex, multi-part strategy trades from occurring out-of-
range from the prevailing market quotes in the individual component
series legs, another significant consideration for SPX traders and
market participants is the ease with which an execution can take place
on other markets such as the CME, which offers a comparable alternative
to SPX but is not subject to the same constraints as a national
securities exchange like CBOE.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ See, e.g., CBOE Rules 6.45B(b)(ii) and 6.53C.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In that regard, CBOE Rule 24.20 was adopted in 2002 to enable the
Exchange to better compete with futures exchanges such as the CME.\7\
The purpose of the rule is to permit the trading of out-of-range ``SPX
Combo Orders'' under certain, limited circumstances. In essence, the
rule sets forth a procedure that allows for an SPX Combo Order to be
executed and reported up to 2 hours after the order is originally
quoted, at the prices originally quoted. Specifically, for purposes of
the rule, an ``SPX Combo Order'' is narrowly defined to be an order to
purchase or sell SPX options and the offsetting number of SPX
combinations defined by the delta. An ``SPX combination'' is defined
[sic] a long SPX call and a short SPX put having the same expiration
date and strike price (contrast this to the general definition of a
``combination'' noted above). A ``delta'' is defined as the positive
(negative) number of SPX combinations that must be sold (bought) to
establish a market neutral hedge with an SPX option position. Under the
rule, when a TPH holding an SPX Combo Order and bidding or offer [sic]
in a multiple of the minimum increment on the basis of a total debit or
credit for the order has determined that the order may not be executed
by a combination of transactions with the bids and offers displayed in
the SPX limit order book or by the displayed quotes of the crowd, then
the SPX Combo Order may be executed at the best net debit or credit so
long as (i) no leg of the SPX Combo Order would trade at a price
outside the currently displayed bids or offers in the trading crowd or
bids and offers in the SPX limit order book; and (ii) at least one leg
of the SPX Combo Order would trade at a price better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX limit order book (which consists
of public customer orders).\8\ If the SPX Combo Order is not executed
immediately, the rule provides that, not withstanding any other rules
of the Exchange, the SPX Combo Order may be executed and printed
outside the current market quotes and at the prices originally quoted
for each component series within 2 hours after the time of the original
quotes (the Exchange refers to this as the ``2-hour window''
procedure).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Originally, the Exchange had considered modeling a CBOE rule
after CME Rule 542 (discussed in more detail below). However, the
Exchange ultimately settled on a proposal that would have allowed a
CBOE TPH (referred to as a ``member'' at the time) to execute an SPX
Combo Order immediately or at any time thereafter during the trading
day at the prices originally quoted for each of the component option
series. Thus, the originally quoted prices would have had to have
been within the current market at the time of the original quote,
but a trade could be executed and reported at any time thereafter
during the trading day. This proposal was noticed for comment in
October 2000. Although there were no comments on the proposal, the
Exchange submitted several amendments to the rule filing in order
to, among other things, add a definition of an ``SPX Combo Order,''
provide that if the execution does not occur at the current market
prices originally quoted it may only be executed up to 2 hours after
the time of the original quote, clarify that each component leg of
an SPX Combo Order would be reported using an indicator, and to
include additional information concerning the need for the proposal.
The proposal, as modified, was ultimately approved in February 2002.
See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 43452 (October 17, 2000),
65 FR 63658 (October 24, 2000) (SR-CBOE-00-40) and 45389 (February
4, 2002), 67 FR 6291 (February 11, 2002) (SR-CBOE-00-40).
\8\ Stated another way, this provision provides that, if there
are resting public customer orders on all of the legs of the
individual series of the strategy, at least one leg of the order
must trade at a price that is better than the corresponding bid or
offer.
Example 5: Assume the S&P 500 Index April futures contract is
trading at 1350 and a customer wants to trade the 30 delta SPX April
1335 puts tied to the April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts. The TPH
holding the customer's SPX Combo Order receives an original quoted
market at 9:35 a.m. (all times are Chicago time). The TPH can
execute that SPX Combo Order any time up to 11:35 a.m. at the prices
originally quoted (even if the prices are out-of-range from the
current display market at the time the trade is later executed and
reported).\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ For purposes of the example, assume the 30 delta SPX April
1335 put is bid $6.00 and offered $6.20, and the SPX April 1350 call
and April1350 put are each bid $12.00 and offered $12.30. The TPH
agrees to buy 100 of the 1335 puts at $6.20 and, to hedge these,
agrees to buy 30 April 1350 calls at $12.00 and to sell 30 April
1350 puts at $12.00 (30 ``long'' combinations). Before the orders
can be executed, assume that the market rallies to a new futures
level of 1355. The April 1350 call is now trading at $15, the April
1350 put at $10 and the April 1335 put at $ 4.75. Normally the TPH
would not be able to execute the strategy because the component legs
would trade out-of-range of the current displayed market. However,
existing CBOE Rule 24.20 permits an execution at the prices
originally quoted ($6.20 and $12 in the respective series) because
the options would not have traded outside the displayed bids or
offers originally quoted in the crowd and book ($6 bid, $6.20
offered; $12 bid, $12.30 offered).
As noted above, this procedure allowing for a 2-hour window for
trade execution and reporting was adopted in order to allow the
Exchange to try to compete on a more level field with the CME, where
the trading of S&P 500 Index futures contracts is conducted under much
more liberal trading rules designated to facilitate complex, multi-part
order executions. By comparison, CME rules provide that a spread or
combination can trade without regard to the current market prices so
long as each of the respective legs of the spread or combination
transaction is priced within the daily price limits for those contracts
that have price limits. In the case of the S&P 500 Index futures
contract, the daily limit is a 5 percent upside and downside price
limit based on the prior day's settlement price.\10\ In essence, CME
has a market for complex, multi-part order strategies that is entirely
separate from its market for simple order strategies and is bound only
by the daily limit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ See, e.g., CME Rule 542, Simultaneous Spread and
Combination Transactions; see also CME Rule 35102.I, Price Limits,
Trading Halts, and/or Trading Hours [sic] (which contains
information on the daily price limits for S&P 500 Index futures
contracts).
Example 6: A CME trader wants to execute an S&P 500 Index
futures contract combination order strategy at 9:35 a.m. (or 9:36
a.m., or 11:35 a.m., or any other time throughout the regular trade
day session). The trader can execute the order at any net price so
long as each respective leg price does not exceed 5 percent of the
upside/downside price limit based on the prior day's settlement
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
price.
From CBOE's perspective, the SPX Combo Order rule for options does
not come close to leveling the field with the CME rule for spread and
combination trading. CBOE's rule still requires an SPX Combo Order to
be executed at the prices originally quoted, it just gives a two-hour
window to find liquidity and complete the execution. By comparison, the
CME rule allows spread and combination executions to take place without
regard to market prices and only be bound by the daily limit. Under
these competing frameworks, it can be more difficult for a CBOE market
participant attempting to achieve an execution of a complex SPX option
trading strategy compared to a CME market participant attempting to
achieve an execution of substantially the same strategy using S&P 500
Index futures contracts. While this distinction is particularly
exacerbated during times of market volatility, it can also be an issue
at other times as well. In addition, the Exchange believes market
participants who are looking to frequently trade spreads or
combinations, in general, or as a strategy for hedging risk, in
particular, would tend to utilize a
[[Page 76581]]
market venue where they can more consistently depend on achieving a net
price execution at all times--regardless of the level of market
volatility--which can put CBOE at a competitive disadvantage. The
additional burden placed on CBOE market participants can have the
effect of discouraging trading on CBOE in favor of trading on the CME.
The Exchange believes this competitive disadvantage is not consistent
with just and equitable principles, serves as an impediment to a free
and open market, and may ultimately not serve investors or the public
interest. In order to compete and more effectively achieve certain
strategy executions, as well as manage risk, the Exchange believes that
market participants need more comparable procedures within the CBOE
Rules.
Proposal
The Exchange is now seeking to amend its SPX Combo Order procedures
on a pilot basis in an attempt to further level the field of
competition between market participants trading on CBOE and CME. In
particular, the Exchange is now proposing to replace the existing 2-
hour window procedure (which allows a trade within 2 hours after the
original quotes) with a new 2-hour window procedure (which would allow
a trade to take place so long as it is would have been in the
permissible net price trading range within the preceding 2 hours) on a
one-year pilot basis.
The new 2-hour window procedure would be reflected in proposed new
Interpretation and Policy .01 to Rule 24.20, which would replace the
existing 2-hour window procedure reflected in existing Rule
24.20(b)(2), for a pilot period ending one-year after this rule change
filing is approved. The new Interpretation and Policy would provide
that, notwithstanding any other rules of the Exchange, an SPX Combo
Order may be transacted in open outcry in the following manner: A TPH
holding an SPX Combo Order may execute the order at the best net debit
or credit price, which may be outside the current derived net market so
long as (i) the best net debit or credit price would have been at or
within the derived net market over the preceding 2 hours of trading
that day, (ii) no leg of the order would trade at a price outside the
displayed bids or offers in the trading crowd or in the SPX limit order
book (which contains public customer orders) for that series at a point
in time over the preceding 2 hour period, and (iii) at least one leg of
the order would trade at a price that is better than the corresponding
bid or offer in the SPX limit order book (which contains public
customer orders) at the same point in time over the preceding 2 hour
period.\11\ The ``derived net market'' will be defined as the
Exchange's best bids and offers displayed in the individual option
series legs for the strategy at any one point in time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Stated another way, this provision provides that, if there
are resting public customer orders on all of the legs of the
individual series of the strategy at the same point in time, at
least one leg of the order must trade at a price that is better than
the corresponding bid or offer.
Example 7: Assume the S&P 500 Index April futures contract is
trading at 1350 and a TPH wants to trade the 30 delta SPX April 1335
puts tied to the April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts. Assume the
TPH wants to buy 100 SPX April 1335 puts at $6.20 tied to a purchase
of 30 April 1350 calls at $12 and sale of 30 April 1350 puts at $12
at 9:35 a.m. At the time, assume the current displayed market for
the April 1335 puts is $6.00-$6.20, for the April 1350 calls is
$12.10-$12.50, and for the April 1350 puts is $12.10-$12.50. As a
result, the SPX Combo Order is priced ``out-of-range'' from the
current derived net market ($12 is outside the $12.10 bid, $12.50
offered markets for the April 1350 calls and April 1350 puts). The
TPH can execute the SPX Combo Order at the desired net price so long
as it is the best net price and the net price would have been in
range over the preceding 2 hours of trading that day. In particular,
the net price must be at or within the derived net market price
range over the preceding 2 hours of trading that day, each component
series leg must trade at a price at or within the displayed bids or
offers at a point in time over the preceding 2 hour period, and at
least one leg must trade at a price that is better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX limit order book at the same
point in time. (In this particular example, the derived net market
range would be based on the markets that existed from 8:30 a.m.-9:35
a.m., since the market was open for less than 2 hours). Assume, for
example, if the displayed market at 9:20 a.m. for the April 1335
puts was $5.90-$6.30, for the April 1350 calls was $12.00-$12.60,
and for the April 1350 puts was $12.00-$12.60 and there are not
public customer orders displayed at the best price in all of the
component series, then the SPX Combo Order could be executed at the
desired net price because it would have been net priced at or within
the derived net market over the preceding two hours of trading, the
individual component leg prices are at or within the displayed
component series prices, and at least one leg would trade at [sic]
price that improves corresponding public customer orders in the SPX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
limit order book.
It should be noted that the derived net market would be calculated
based on the displayed prices in each of the component series that
exist at a single point in time over the preceding 2-hour window, not
separate points in time for each series (e.g., a TPH cannot use the
prices of the April 1335 puts at 9:20 a.m. and the prices of the April
1350 calls and puts at 9:30 a.m. to calculate a derived net market).
The net execution price must have been ``in range'' over the prior 2-
hour window of trading. To be ``in range,'' as noted above, the net
price must have been at or within the derived net market over the
preceding 2-hour period, and each leg of the order must ``line up'' and
trade at a price that would have been at or inside the best bids and
offers displayed in the individual option series legs at a single point
in time over the 2-hour window and at least one leg must trade at a
price that is better that corresponding public customer orders in the
SPX limit order book at the same point in time.
This procedure is generally modeled after CME Rule 542 (e.g., an
SPX Combo Order may be executed out-of-range from the current market
prices in the individual component option series legs), except that
under CBOE's proposed pilot the reported net price and related
component series prices must [sic] in range within the preceding 2
hours. By comparison, the CME rule only requires the reported price of
each component futures contract leg to be within the daily limit price
(a number that is, by definition, generally much wider than the 2-hour
derived net market range proposed by CBOE).
As is the case for the existing SPX Combo Order trading procedure
today, SPX Combo Orders executed under the proposed new pilot procedure
would continue to be identified with a special indicator on each
component leg that would be price reported to the trading floor and the
Options Price Reporting Authority (``OPRA''). This indicator acts as
notice to the public that the reported prices are part of an SPX Combo
Order trade. Therefore, the Exchange believes that price discovery
should not be adversely affected by the operation of CBOE Rule 24.20,
as proposed to be modified. In addition, as is the case today, the
proposed procedure under CBOE Rule 24.20 would not lessen the
obligations of TPHs to obtain best execution of options orders for
their customers. Therefore, with the approval of the proposed rule
change, CBOE will issue a regulatory circular to its TPHs explaining
the operation of CBOE Rule 24.20, as amended. In the regulatory
circular, CBOE will remind TPHs that CBOE 24.20 does not lessen the
obligation of TPHs to obtain best execution of options orders for their
customers.
If the Exchange were to propose an extension of the proposed pilot
program, or should the Exchange propose to make the program permanent,
the Exchange would submit,
[[Page 76582]]
along with any filing proposing such amendments to the program, a pilot
program report that would provide an analysis of the program covering
the period during which the program was in effect. This report would
include information on the number of SPX Combo trades and best bid or
offer trade through/trade at analysis of such SPX Combo trades. The
report will also include information on the SPX options class and other
broad-based index option products, including information on average
contract value, average daily volume, open interest, average order
size, percentage of complex orders, percentage of volume from complex
orders, and average daily notional value traded. The report would be
submitted to the Commission at least two months prior to the expiration
date of the pilot program and would be provided on a confidential
basis.
The Exchange believes the proposed pilot procedure will facilitate
the orderly execution of SPX Combo Orders at all times, including
during volatile markets, in a manner that is more competitive with the
existing CME process. In addition, the Exchange believes the proposed
pilot procedure will continue to address customers' desire to show an
order to other market participants to seek price improvement or
additional liquidity. The Exchange also believes the proposed pilot
procedure will continue to create an incentive for market-makers to
reduce the price width of their markets because they know that their
hedge price has been established and they will not have to trade in
another market. Thus, customers who trade options tied to combinations
will continue to enjoy tighter and more liquid markets
In proposing to introduce this pilot, CBOE is cognizant of the need
for market participants to have substantial options transaction
capacity and flexibility to hedge their trading activity in SPX, on the
one hand, and priority principles common to securities exchanges, on
the other. CBOE is also cognizant of the CME market, in which similar
restrictions do not apply. In light of these considerations, CBOE
believes the proposed pilot procedure is appropriate and reasonable and
would provide market participants with additional flexibility in
achieving desired SPX Combo Order strategies and in determining whether
to execute their options on CBOE or a comparable product on CME. In
that regard, the Exchange notes that the proposed new procedure
outlined above does not go as far as what exists today on CME and
instead represents what the Exchange believes is only an incremental
change to an existing trading process that is already very narrowly
tailored. For the foregoing reasons, CBOE believes that the proposed
pilot procedure for trading SPX Combo Orders is reasonable and
appropriate, would promote just and equitable principles of trade, and
would facilitate transactions in securities while continuing to foster
the public interest and investor protection.
The S&P 500 Index is widely regarded as the best single gauge of
investable U.S. equities. There is over $4.83 trillion benchmarked to
the index, of which index assets comprise approximately $1.1 trillion.
The index includes 500 leading companies with an aggregate market
capitalization of $12.4 trillion, which represents approximately 80% of
the available market capitalization of all U.S. equities.\12\ Aggregate
trading activity in S&P 500 component securities averages 2.7 billion
shares per day, roughly four times the aggregate average daily volume
of components of the Nasdaq-100, Russell 2000 Indexes and the Dow Jones
Industrial Average.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ See https://us.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp-500. In
comparison, the aggregate market capitalization [sic] other popular
broad-based indexes are: Nasdaq-100 Index--$2.9 trillion, Russell
2000 Index--$1.3 trillion and the Dow Jones Industrial Average--$3.8
trillion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The S&P 500 serves as the underlying interest for the most liquid
and actively-traded derivatives contracts globally, in both listed and
over-the-counter markets. As a result, S&P 500 index derivatives are
widely recognized, and used, by institutional investors as efficient
and cost-effective tools to quickly gain or reduce exposure to U.S.
equities. The average order size in SPX options of 152 contracts, for
instance, represents an economic exposure of over $20 million. CBOE
estimates that activity in over-the-counter S&P 500 contracts is
between 4 to 6 times the size of listed activity, yet competition among
dealers typically results in narrower spreads than comparable over-the-
counter (``OTC'') instruments overlying other leading U.S. equity
benchmarks.
As shown in the following table, trading activity and open interest
in listed S&P 500 derivative contracts is at least ten times the
activity and open interest of other leading broad-based index contracts
in terms of both contracts and notional value.\13\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ ``Notional Value'' is the product of contracts times
contract multiplier times underlying index value.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Avg. daily
Avg. daily % ADV notional value % Avg. daily Open interest % Open
volume (ADV) ($Millions) notional value (10/31/12) interest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S&P 500 Index........................................... 2,793,369 82 $253,003 84 18,133,151 89
Nasdaq-100 Index........................................ 297,295 9 24,457 8 867,724 4
Russell 2000 Index...................................... 205,087 6 16,489 5 1,078,110 5
Dow Jones Industrial Average............................ 128,435 4 8,140 3 354,232 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total............................................... 3,424,187 .............. 302,089 .............. 20,433,217 ..............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash-settled SPX options and S&P 500 futures and futures options
account for 2.8 million contracts per day, or 82% of the average daily
volume traded in the leading equity index contracts. Additionally, S&P
500-based derivatives account for over $250 billion average daily
notional value traded, or 84% of average daily notional in the leading
index contracts. Open interest in S&P 500 index contracts as of October
31, 2012 was over 18 million contracts with a notional value of over $2
trillion, which is ten times greater than the open interest in the
other leading index contracts combined.
The transparency and liquidity of S&P 500 index options has given
rise to substantial activity in volatility trading. CBOE understands
that equity volatility trading globally is predominantly based on 3
indexes: S&P 500 Index (U.S.), EuroStoxx 50 Index (Europe) and Nikkei
225 Index (Japan, Asia); most of that activity is based on the S&P 500
Index. Futures and options on the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), based on
S&P 500 index option prices, are by far the most active listed
volatility contracts in the world. CBOE understands VIX-related
activity currently represents the majority of all S&P 500-based
volatility trading (listed and OTC).
[[Page 76583]]
CBOE understands that combination orders in SPX, including SPX
Combo Orders, are also used as a way to trade volatility. By trading an
SPX position ``delta-neutral'' with an offsetting combination in SPX,
traders virtually eliminate market risk, leaving implied volatility as
the predominant risk factor.
The Exchange is also proposing to revise the existing SPX Combo
Order text to make certain clarifying amendments. In particular, the
Exchange is proposing to revise the definition of an ``SPX
combination.'' As noted above, currently an SPX combination is defined
as ``a long SPX call and a short SPX put having the same expiration
date and strike price.'' The Exchange is proposing to revise the
definition to include a short SPX call and a long SPX put having the
same expiration date and strike price. By definition, both strategies
are permissible under the existing rule (otherwise one would never have
a contra-side with which to trade; also, this clarification is
consistent with other provisions of the rule that recognize both buy-
side and sell-side interest). In addition, instead of using the terms
``long'' and ``short,'' the Exchange is proposing to use the terms
``purchase'' and ``sale'' to be consistent with the language in the
existing definitions of ``SPX Combo'' and ``delta'' (which are noted
above). Thus, as revised, an ``SPX combination'' would be defined as
``a purchase (sale) of an SPX call and a sale (purchase) of an SPX put
having the same expiration date and strike price.'' The Exchange is
also proposing to revise the definition of an ``SPX Combo'' to replace
the phrase ``SPX options'' with ``an SPX option position'' (as revised,
the definition would be ``an order to purchase or sell an SPX option
position and the offsetting number of SPX combinations defined by the
delta''). The use of the phrase ``an SPX option position'' is
consistent with the language in the existing definition of delta (which
is defined as ``the positive (negative) number of SPX combinations that
must be sold (bought) to establish a market neutral hedge with an SPX
option position'') and also is intended to make it clear that an SPX
Combo Order is intended to consist of an SPX combination (which has two
component legs) that hedges an SPX option position (which can consist
of one or more component legs). Finally, the Exchange is proposing to
change a reference in the rule from ``SPX combination'' to the word
``order.'' \14\ This change is intended to clarify the existing
application of the rule. The use of the word ``order'' (which is
intended to capture the broader SPX Combo order) is consistent with the
terminology used elsewhere in the existing rule text \15\ and with the
Exchange's general priority provisions for any complex order.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ The current text of Rule 24.2(b)(1) [sic] provide [sic] in
relevant part as follows: ``When a Trading Permit Holder holding an
SPX Combo Order and bidding or offering in a multiple of the minimum
increment on the basis of a total debit or credit for the order has
determined that the order may not be executed by a combination of
transactions with the bids and offers displayed in the SPX limit
order book or by the displayed quotes of the crowd, then the order
may be executed at the best net debit or credit so long as (A) no
leg of the order would trade at a price outside the currently
displayed bids or offers in the trading crowd or bids or offers in
the SPX limit order book and (B) at least one leg of the SPX
combination would trade at a price that is better than the
corresponding bid or offer in the SPX limit order book.'' (emphasis
added). As proposed to be revised, the phrase ``SPX combination''
would be replaced with the word ``order.''
\15\ Id.
\16\ See, e.g., Rules 6.45A(b) and 6.45B(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Statutory Basis
The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change will allow for
the orderly execution of SPX Combo Orders and will be beneficial to
both customers and traders. Accordingly, the Exchange believes the
proposed rule change is consistent with and furthers the objectives of
Section 6(b) of the Act,\17\ in general, and Section 6(b)(5) of the
Act,\18\ in particular, in that it should promote just and equitable
principles of trade, serve to remove impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and
protect investors and the public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
\18\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As noted above, the Exchange believes the proposed pilot procedure
will facilitate the orderly execution of SPX Combo Orders at all times,
including during volatile markets, in a manner that is more competitive
with the existing CME process. In addition, the Exchange believes the
proposed pilot procedure will continue to address customers' desire to
show an order to other market participants to seek price improvement or
additional liquidity. The Exchange also believes the proposed pilot
procedure will continue to create an incentive for market-makers to
reduce the price width of their markets because they know that their
hedge price has been established and they will not have to trade in
another market. Thus, customers who trade options tied to combinations
will continue to enjoy tighter and more liquid markets.
In proposing the pilot, CBOE is cognizant of the need for market
participants to have substantial options transaction capacity and
flexibility to hedge their trading activity in SPX, on the one hand,
and priority principles common to securities exchanges, on the other.
CBOE is also cognizant of the CME market, in which similar restrictions
do not apply. In light of these considerations, CBOE believes the
proposed pilot procedure is appropriate and reasonable and would
provide market participants with additional flexibility in achieving
desired SPX Combo Order strategies and in determining whether to
execute their options on CBOE or a comparable product on CME. In that
regard, the Exchange notes that the proposed pilot procedure outlined
above does not go as far as what exists today on CME and instead
represents what the Exchange believe [sic] is only an incremental
change to an existing trading process that is already very narrowly
tailored. For the foregoing reasons, CBOE believes that the proposed
new procedure for trading SPX Combo Orders is reasonable and
appropriate, would promote just and equitable principles of trade, and
would facilitate transactions in securities while continuing to foster
the public interest and investor protection. Finally, the Exchange
believes that the proposed revisions to the existing SPX Combo Order
text will provide clarity on the existing application of the SPX Combo
Order provisions.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition
CBOE does not believe that the proposed rule change will impose any
burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of
the purposes of the Act.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others
The Exchange neither solicited nor received comments on the
proposal.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the
Federal Register or within such longer period (i) as the Commission may
designate up to 90 days of such date if it finds such longer period to
be appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
(A) By order approve or disapprove such proposed rule change, or
[[Page 76584]]
(B) Institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule
change should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and
argument concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's Internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an email to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include
File Number SR-CBOE-2012-122 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-CBOE-2012-122. This file
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on
the Commission's Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room on official business
days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such
filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the
principal offices of the Exchange. All comments received will be posted
without change; the Commission does not edit personal identifying
information from submissions. You should submit only information that
you wish to make available publicly. All submissions should refer to
File Number SR-CBOE-2012-122, and should be submitted on or before
January 18, 2013.
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kevin M. O'Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012-31154 Filed 12-27-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P