Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto, To Increase Position and Exercise Limits for EEM Options, 65600-65602 [2012-26470]
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65600
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 209 / Monday, October 29, 2012 / Notices
A. By order approve or disapprove
such proposed rule change, or
B. Institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
submitted on or before November 19,
2012.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.8
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012–26469 Filed 10–26–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–68086; File No. SR–CBOE–
2012–066]
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an email to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2012–119 on the
subject line.
Self-Regulatory Organizations;
Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Order Granting Approval
of a Proposed Rule Change, as
Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto,
To Increase Position and Exercise
Limits for EEM Options
Paper Comments
rmajette on DSK2TPTVN1PROD with
Electronic Comments
October 23, 2012.
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2012–119. This
file number should be included on the
subject line if email is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official
business days between the hours of
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the
filing also will be available for
inspection and copying at the principal
office of the Exchange. All comments
received will be posted without change;
the Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR–
NASDAQ–2012–119 and should be
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I. Introduction
On July 9, 2012, the Chicago Board
Options Exchange, Incorporated
(‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘CBOE’’) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
(‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section
19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4
thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to
increase the position and exercise limits
for options on the iShares MSCI
Emerging Markets Index Fund (‘‘EEM’’)
to 500,000 contracts. The proposed rule
change was published for comment in
the Federal Register on July 26, 2012.3
On September 6, 2012, the Commission
extended the time period for
Commission action to October 24,
2012.4 On October 18, 2012, the
Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the
proposed rule change.5 The Commission
received no comment letters on the
proposed rule change. This order
approves the proposed rule change, as
modified by Amendment No. 1 thereto.
II. Description of Proposed Rule Change
Currently, position limits for
exchange-traded fund (‘‘ETF’’) options,
8 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67478
(July 20, 2012), 77 FR 43897 (‘‘Notice’’).
4 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67790
(September 6, 2012), 77 FR 56243 (September 12,
2012).
5 Amendment No. 1 provides a description of
EEM and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, as well
as additional justification for the proposed rule
change. See, e.g., infra notes 6, 12, 14, and 24.
Amendment No. 1 is not subject to notice and
comment because it does not materially alter the
substance of the proposed rule change or raise any
novel regulatory issues.
1 15
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such as EEM options,6 are determined
pursuant to Exchange Rule 4.11 and
vary according to the number of
outstanding shares and past six-month
trading volume of the underlying
security. The current position limit for
EEM options is 250,000 contracts. The
purpose of the proposed rule change is
to amend Exchange Rule 4.11,
Interpretation and Policy .07 to increase
the position and exercise limits for EEM
options to 500,000 contracts.7 The
Exchange states its belief that increasing
position limits for EEM options will
lead to a more liquid and competitive
market environment for EEM options
that will benefit customers interested in
this product.8
In its filing, the Exchange states that
there is precedent for establishing
higher position limits for options on
actively-traded ETFs.9 Specifically,
options on the DIAMONDS Trust (DIA)
have a position limit of 300,000
contracts, options on the Standard and
Poor’s Depositary Receipts Trust (SPY)
have no position limits,10 options on the
iShares Russell 2000 Index Fund (IWM)
have a position limit of 500,000
contracts, and options on the
PowerShares QQQ Trust (QQQQ) have a
position limit of 900,000 contracts.11
In addition, in its filing, the Exchange
states that the average daily volume in
2011 for EEM was 65 million shares,12
as compared to 64.1 million shares for
IWM and 213 million shares for SPY.13
In 2011, the average daily volume for
options contracts overlying EEM was
280,000 contracts,14 as compared to
6 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that
EEM tracks the performance of the MSCI Emerging
Markets Index, which has approximately 800
components. The Exchange also states that the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index ‘‘is a free floatadjusted market capitalization index that is
designed to measure equity market performance of
emerging markets.’’ According to the Exchange, the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index ‘‘consists of the
following 21 emerging market country indices:
Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic,
Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia,
Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and
Turkey.’’
7 Pursuant to Exchange Rule 4.12, Interpretation
and Policy .02, which is not being amended by the
proposed rule change, the exercise limit for EEM
options would be similarly increased.
8 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
9 See id., at 43897.
10 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67937
(September 27, 2012), 77 FR 60489 (October 3,
2012) (SR–CBOE–2012–091) (eliminating position
and exercise limits for SPY options on a pilot basis).
11 See Exchange Rule 4.11, Interpretation and
Policy .07.
12 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that,
through October 17, 2012, the year-to-date average
daily trading volume for EEM across all exchanges
was 49.3 million shares.
13 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
14 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that,
through October 17, 2012, the year-to-date average
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 209 / Monday, October 29, 2012 / Notices
662,500 contracts for options overlying
IWM and 2,892,000 contracts for
options overlying SPY.15 The total
shares outstanding for EEM was 922.9
million, as compared to 192.6 million
shares for IWM and 716.1 million shares
for SPY.16 Further, the fund market cap
for EEM was $41.1 billion, as compared
to $15.5 billion for IWM and $98.3
billion for SPY.17
The Exchange notes that the options
reporting requirements of Exchange
Rule 4.13 would continue to be
applicable to EEM options.18 As set
forth in Exchange Rule 4.13(a), each
Trading Permit Holder (‘‘TPH’’) must
report to the Exchange certain
information in relation to any customer
who, acting alone, or in concert with
others, on the previous business day
maintained aggregate long or short
positions on the same side of the market
of 200 or more contracts in any single
class of option contracts dealt in on the
Exchange.19 Further, Exchange Rule
4.13(b) requires each TPH (other than an
Exchange market-maker or Designated
Primary Market-Maker) 20 that maintains
a position in excess of 10,000 non-FLEX
equity option contracts on the same side
of the market, on behalf of its own
account or for the account of a
customer, to report to the Exchange
information as to whether such
positions are hedged, and provide
documentation as to how such contracts
are hedged.21
The Exchange believes that the
existing surveillance procedures and
reporting requirements at CBOE, other
options exchanges, and at the several
clearing firms are capable of properly
identifying unusual and/or illegal
trading activity.22 According to the
Exchange, its surveillance procedures
utilize daily monitoring of market
movements via automated surveillance
techniques to identify unusual activity
in both options and underlying stocks.23
In addition, the Exchange states that its
surveillance procedures have been
effective for the surveillance of trading
in EEM options, and will continue to be
employed.24
The Exchange further states its belief
that the current financial requirements
imposed by the Exchange and by the
Commission adequately address
concerns that a TPH or its customer may
try to maintain an inordinately large
unhedged position in an option,
particularly on EEM.25 Current margin
and risk-based haircut methodologies,
the Exchange states, serve to limit the
size of positions maintained by any one
account by increasing the margin and/
or capital that a TPH must maintain for
a large position held by itself or by its
customer.26 In addition, the Exchange
notes that the Commission’s net capital
rule, Rule 15c3–1 under the Act,27
imposes a capital charge on TPHs to the
extent of any margin deficiency
resulting from the higher margin
requirement.28
III. Discussion and Commission
Findings
The Commission finds that the
proposed rule change is consistent with
the requirements of the Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder
applicable to a national securities
exchange.29 In particular, the
Commission finds that the proposed
rule change is consistent with Section
6(b)(5) of the Act,30 which requires,
among other things, that the rules of a
national securities exchange be
designed to prevent fraudulent and
manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principles of
trade, to remove impediments to and
perfect the mechanism of a free and
23 See
id.
id., at n. 5. In Amendment No. 1, the
Exchange represents that more than 50% of the
weight of the securities held by EEM are now
subject to a comprehensive surveillance agreement
(‘‘CSA’’). Additionally, the Exchange states that the
component securities of the MSCI Emerging
Markets Index on which EEM is based for which the
primary market is in any one country that is not
subject to a CSA do not represent 20% or more of
the weight of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
Further, the Exchange states that the component
securities of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index on
which EEM is based for which the primary market
is in any two countries that are not subject to CSAs
do not represent 33% of more of the weight of the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
25 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
26 See id.
27 17 CFR 240.15c3–1.
28 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
29 In approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission has considered the proposed rule’s
impact on efficiency, competition, and capital
formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
30 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
65601
open market and a national market
system and, in general, to protect
investors and the public interest.
Position and exercise limits serve as
a regulatory tool designed to address
manipulative schemes and adverse
market impact surrounding the use of
options. Since the inception of
standardized options trading, the
options exchanges have had rules
limiting the aggregate number of options
contracts that a member or customer
may hold or exercise.31 These position
and exercise limits are intended to
prevent the establishment of options
positions that can be used or might
create incentives to manipulate the
underlying market so as to benefit the
options positions.32 In particular,
position and exercise limits are
designed to minimize the potential for
mini-manipulations and for corners or
squeezes of the underlying market.33 In
addition, such limits serve to reduce the
possibility for disruption of the options
market itself, especially in illiquid
classes.34
Over the years, the Commission has
taken a gradual, evolutionary approach
toward expansion of position and
exercise limits for option products
overlying certain ETFs where there is
considerable liquidity in both the
underlying cash markets and the
options markets, and, in the case of
certain broad-based index options,
toward elimination of such limits
altogether.35 The Commission has been
careful to balance two competing
concerns when considering proposals
by self-regulatory organizations to
change position and exercise limits. The
Commission has recognized that the
limits can be useful to prevent investors
from disrupting the market in securities
underlying the options.36 At the same
time, the Commission has determined
that limits should not be established in
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24 See
daily trading volume for EEM options across all
exchanges was 250,304 contracts.
15 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
16 See id.
17 See id.
18 See id.
19 The report must include, for each such class of
options, the number of option contracts comprising
each such position and, in the case of short
positions, whether covered or uncovered. See
Exchange Rule 4.13(a).
20 According to the Exchange, market-makers
(including Designated Primary Market-Makers) are
exempt from the referenced reporting requirement
because market-maker information can be accessed
through the Exchange’s market surveillance
systems. See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
21 According to the Exchange, this information
would include, but would not be limited to, the
option position, whether such position is hedged
and, if so, a description of the hedge, and the
collateral used to carry the position, if applicable.
See id.
22 See id.
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31 See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No.
45236 (January 4, 2002), 67 FR 1378 (January 10,
2002) (SR–Amex–2001–42).
32 See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No.
47346 (February 11, 2003), 68 FR 8316 (February
20, 2003) (SR–CBOE–2002–26).
33 See id.
34 See id.
35 The Commission’s incremental approach to
approving changes in position and exercise limits
for option products overlying certain ETFs is wellestablished. See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act
Release No. 67672 (August 15, 2012), 77 FR 50750,
n. 42 and accompanying text (August 22, 2012)
(SR–NYSEAmex–2012–29) (approving proposed
rule change to eliminate position limits for SPY
options on a pilot basis); Securities Exchange Act
Release No. 64695 (June 17, 2011), 76 FR 36942, n.
19 and accompanying text (June 23, 2011) (SR–
Phlx–2011–58) (approving increase of SPY options
position limit to 900,000 contracts).
36 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 39489
(December 24, 1997), 63 FR 276 (January 5, 1998)
(SR–CBOE–97–11).
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a manner that will unnecessarily
discourage participation in the options
market by institutions and other
investors with substantial hedging
needs or to prevent specialists and
market makers from adequately meeting
their obligations to maintain a fair and
orderly market.37
The Commission believes that it is
reasonable for the Exchange to increase
the position and exercise limits for
options on EEM to 500,000 contracts. As
noted above, the markets for
standardized options on EEM and for
EEM itself have substantial trading
volume and liquidity. The Commission
believes that this liquidity would lessen
the opportunity for manipulation of this
product and disruption in the
underlying market that a lower position
limit may protect against. Specifically,
the Exchange notes that, in 2011, the
average daily trading volumes for EEM
and options on EEM were 65 million
shares and 280,000 contracts,
respectively.38 In Amendment No. 1, the
Exchange notes that, through October
17, 2012, the year-to-date average daily
trading volume for EEM across all
exchanges was 49.3 million shares, and
the year-to-date average daily trading
volume for EEM options across all
exchanges was 250,304 contracts.39 The
Exchange also notes that there were
922.9 million shares of EEM
outstanding, with a market cap of $41.1
billion.40
As noted above, the Exchange also
believes that current margin and net
capital requirements serve to limit the
size of positions maintained by any one
account.41 The Commission agrees that
these financial requirements should
help to address concerns that a member
or its customer may try to maintain an
inordinately large unhedged position in
EEM options and will help to reduce
risks if such a position is established.
The Commission further agrees with
the Exchange that the reporting
requirements imposed by Exchange
Rule 4.13,42 as well as the Exchange’s
surveillance procedures, together with
those of other exchanges and clearing
firms,43 should help protect against
potential manipulation. The
Commission expects that the Exchange
will continue to monitor trading in the
EEM options for the purpose of
discovering and sanctioning
manipulative acts and practices, and to
37 See
id.
Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
39 See supra notes 12 and 14 and accompanying
text.
40 See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
41 See supra notes 25–28 and accompanying text.
42 See supra notes 18–21 and accompanying text.
43 See supra notes 22–24 and accompanying text.
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38 See
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reassess the position and exercise limits,
if and when appropriate, in light of its
findings.
In sum, given the measure of liquidity
for EEM and options on EEM, the broad
range of component securities that make
up the MSCI Emerging Markets Index,
the margin and capital requirements
cited above, the Exchange’s options
reporting requirements, and the
Exchange’s surveillance procedures and
agreements with other markets, the
Commission believes that increasing the
position and exercise limits for the EEM
options to 500,000 contracts is
consistent with the Act.
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,44 that the
proposed rule change (SR–CBOE–2012–
066), as modified by Amendment No. 1
thereto, be, and hereby is, approved.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.45
Kevin M. O’Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012–26470 Filed 10–26–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[File No. 500–1]
Chimera Energy Corporation; Order of
Suspension of Trading
October 25, 2012.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Chimera
Energy Corporation (‘‘Chimera’’)
because of questions regarding the
accuracy of statements by Chimera in
press releases to investors concerning,
among other things, the company’s
business prospects and agreements.
The Commission is of the opinion that
the public interest and the protection of
investors require a suspension of trading
in the securities of Chimera.
Therefore, it is ordered, pursuant to
Section 12(k) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, that trading in the
securities of the above-listed company is
suspended for the period from 9:30 a.m.
EDT October 25, 2012 through 11:59
p.m. EST, on November 7, 2012.
44 15
45 17
PO 00000
U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
Frm 00072
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
By the Commission.
Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012–26609 Filed 10–25–12; 11:15 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
[Public Notice: 8075]
60-Day Notice of Proposed Information
Collection: INTERNationalConnections
Notice of request for public
comment.
ACTION:
The Department of State is
seeking Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) approval for the
information collection described below.
In accordance with the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995, we are
requesting comments on this collection
from all interested individuals and
organizations. The purpose of this
notice is to allow 60 days for public
comment preceding submission of the
collection to OMB.
DATES: The Department will accept
comments from the public up to
December 28, 2012.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments
by any of the following methods:
• Web: Persons with access to the
Internet may use the Federal Docket
Management System (FDMS) to
comment on this notice by going to
www.Regulations.gov. You can search
for the document by entering ‘‘Public
Notice ####’’ in the Search bar. If
necessary, use the Narrow by Agency
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• Email: Friedlandrc@state.gov.
• Mail: U.S. Department of State,
2401 E Street NW., SA1–518H,
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You must include the DS form number
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Direct requests for additional
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for copies of the proposed collection
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E:\FR\FM\29OCN1.SGM
29OCN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 209 (Monday, October 29, 2012)]
[Notices]
[Pages 65600-65602]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-26470]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-68086; File No. SR-CBOE-2012-066]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as
Modified by Amendment No. 1 Thereto, To Increase Position and Exercise
Limits for EEM Options
October 23, 2012.
I. Introduction
On July 9, 2012, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated
(``Exchange'' or ``CBOE'') filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4
thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to increase the position and
exercise limits for options on the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Index
Fund (``EEM'') to 500,000 contracts. The proposed rule change was
published for comment in the Federal Register on July 26, 2012.\3\ On
September 6, 2012, the Commission extended the time period for
Commission action to October 24, 2012.\4\ On October 18, 2012, the
Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change.\5\ The
Commission received no comment letters on the proposed rule change.
This order approves the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment
No. 1 thereto.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67478 (July 20,
2012), 77 FR 43897 (``Notice'').
\4\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67790 (September 6,
2012), 77 FR 56243 (September 12, 2012).
\5\ Amendment No. 1 provides a description of EEM and the MSCI
Emerging Markets Index, as well as additional justification for the
proposed rule change. See, e.g., infra notes 6, 12, 14, and 24.
Amendment No. 1 is not subject to notice and comment because it does
not materially alter the substance of the proposed rule change or
raise any novel regulatory issues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Description of Proposed Rule Change
Currently, position limits for exchange-traded fund (``ETF'')
options, such as EEM options,\6\ are determined pursuant to Exchange
Rule 4.11 and vary according to the number of outstanding shares and
past six-month trading volume of the underlying security. The current
position limit for EEM options is 250,000 contracts. The purpose of the
proposed rule change is to amend Exchange Rule 4.11, Interpretation and
Policy .07 to increase the position and exercise limits for EEM options
to 500,000 contracts.\7\ The Exchange states its belief that increasing
position limits for EEM options will lead to a more liquid and
competitive market environment for EEM options that will benefit
customers interested in this product.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that EEM tracks the
performance of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, which has
approximately 800 components. The Exchange also states that the MSCI
Emerging Markets Index ``is a free float-adjusted market
capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market
performance of emerging markets.'' According to the Exchange, the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index ``consists of the following 21 emerging
market country indices: Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech
Republic, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico,
Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan,
Thailand, and Turkey.''
\7\ Pursuant to Exchange Rule 4.12, Interpretation and Policy
.02, which is not being amended by the proposed rule change, the
exercise limit for EEM options would be similarly increased.
\8\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In its filing, the Exchange states that there is precedent for
establishing higher position limits for options on actively-traded
ETFs.\9\ Specifically, options on the DIAMONDS Trust (DIA) have a
position limit of 300,000 contracts, options on the Standard and Poor's
Depositary Receipts Trust (SPY) have no position limits,\10\ options on
the iShares Russell 2000 Index Fund (IWM) have a position limit of
500,000 contracts, and options on the PowerShares QQQ Trust (QQQQ) have
a position limit of 900,000 contracts.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ See id., at 43897.
\10\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 67937 (September
27, 2012), 77 FR 60489 (October 3, 2012) (SR-CBOE-2012-091)
(eliminating position and exercise limits for SPY options on a pilot
basis).
\11\ See Exchange Rule 4.11, Interpretation and Policy .07.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, in its filing, the Exchange states that the average
daily volume in 2011 for EEM was 65 million shares,\12\ as compared to
64.1 million shares for IWM and 213 million shares for SPY.\13\ In
2011, the average daily volume for options contracts overlying EEM was
280,000 contracts,\14\ as compared to
[[Page 65601]]
662,500 contracts for options overlying IWM and 2,892,000 contracts for
options overlying SPY.\15\ The total shares outstanding for EEM was
922.9 million, as compared to 192.6 million shares for IWM and 716.1
million shares for SPY.\16\ Further, the fund market cap for EEM was
$41.1 billion, as compared to $15.5 billion for IWM and $98.3 billion
for SPY.\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that, through
October 17, 2012, the year-to-date average daily trading volume for
EEM across all exchanges was 49.3 million shares.
\13\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
\14\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange states that, through
October 17, 2012, the year-to-date average daily trading volume for
EEM options across all exchanges was 250,304 contracts.
\15\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
\16\ See id.
\17\ See id.
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The Exchange notes that the options reporting requirements of
Exchange Rule 4.13 would continue to be applicable to EEM options.\18\
As set forth in Exchange Rule 4.13(a), each Trading Permit Holder
(``TPH'') must report to the Exchange certain information in relation
to any customer who, acting alone, or in concert with others, on the
previous business day maintained aggregate long or short positions on
the same side of the market of 200 or more contracts in any single
class of option contracts dealt in on the Exchange.\19\ Further,
Exchange Rule 4.13(b) requires each TPH (other than an Exchange market-
maker or Designated Primary Market-Maker) \20\ that maintains a
position in excess of 10,000 non-FLEX equity option contracts on the
same side of the market, on behalf of its own account or for the
account of a customer, to report to the Exchange information as to
whether such positions are hedged, and provide documentation as to how
such contracts are hedged.\21\
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\18\ See id.
\19\ The report must include, for each such class of options,
the number of option contracts comprising each such position and, in
the case of short positions, whether covered or uncovered. See
Exchange Rule 4.13(a).
\20\ According to the Exchange, market-makers (including
Designated Primary Market-Makers) are exempt from the referenced
reporting requirement because market-maker information can be
accessed through the Exchange's market surveillance systems. See
Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
\21\ According to the Exchange, this information would include,
but would not be limited to, the option position, whether such
position is hedged and, if so, a description of the hedge, and the
collateral used to carry the position, if applicable. See id.
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The Exchange believes that the existing surveillance procedures and
reporting requirements at CBOE, other options exchanges, and at the
several clearing firms are capable of properly identifying unusual and/
or illegal trading activity.\22\ According to the Exchange, its
surveillance procedures utilize daily monitoring of market movements
via automated surveillance techniques to identify unusual activity in
both options and underlying stocks.\23\ In addition, the Exchange
states that its surveillance procedures have been effective for the
surveillance of trading in EEM options, and will continue to be
employed.\24\
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\22\ See id.
\23\ See id.
\24\ See id., at n. 5. In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange
represents that more than 50% of the weight of the securities held
by EEM are now subject to a comprehensive surveillance agreement
(``CSA''). Additionally, the Exchange states that the component
securities of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index on which EEM is based
for which the primary market is in any one country that is not
subject to a CSA do not represent 20% or more of the weight of the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index. Further, the Exchange states that the
component securities of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index on which EEM
is based for which the primary market is in any two countries that
are not subject to CSAs do not represent 33% of more of the weight
of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
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The Exchange further states its belief that the current financial
requirements imposed by the Exchange and by the Commission adequately
address concerns that a TPH or its customer may try to maintain an
inordinately large unhedged position in an option, particularly on
EEM.\25\ Current margin and risk-based haircut methodologies, the
Exchange states, serve to limit the size of positions maintained by any
one account by increasing the margin and/or capital that a TPH must
maintain for a large position held by itself or by its customer.\26\ In
addition, the Exchange notes that the Commission's net capital rule,
Rule 15c3-1 under the Act,\27\ imposes a capital charge on TPHs to the
extent of any margin deficiency resulting from the higher margin
requirement.\28\
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\25\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
\26\ See id.
\27\ 17 CFR 240.15c3-1.
\28\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
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III. Discussion and Commission Findings
The Commission finds that the proposed rule change is consistent
with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange.\29\ In
particular, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change is
consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\30\ which requires, among
other things, that the rules of a national securities exchange be
designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove impediments
to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national
market system and, in general, to protect investors and the public
interest.
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\29\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition,
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
\30\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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Position and exercise limits serve as a regulatory tool designed to
address manipulative schemes and adverse market impact surrounding the
use of options. Since the inception of standardized options trading,
the options exchanges have had rules limiting the aggregate number of
options contracts that a member or customer may hold or exercise.\31\
These position and exercise limits are intended to prevent the
establishment of options positions that can be used or might create
incentives to manipulate the underlying market so as to benefit the
options positions.\32\ In particular, position and exercise limits are
designed to minimize the potential for mini-manipulations and for
corners or squeezes of the underlying market.\33\ In addition, such
limits serve to reduce the possibility for disruption of the options
market itself, especially in illiquid classes.\34\
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\31\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 45236
(January 4, 2002), 67 FR 1378 (January 10, 2002) (SR-Amex-2001-42).
\32\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 47346
(February 11, 2003), 68 FR 8316 (February 20, 2003) (SR-CBOE-2002-
26).
\33\ See id.
\34\ See id.
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Over the years, the Commission has taken a gradual, evolutionary
approach toward expansion of position and exercise limits for option
products overlying certain ETFs where there is considerable liquidity
in both the underlying cash markets and the options markets, and, in
the case of certain broad-based index options, toward elimination of
such limits altogether.\35\ The Commission has been careful to balance
two competing concerns when considering proposals by self-regulatory
organizations to change position and exercise limits. The Commission
has recognized that the limits can be useful to prevent investors from
disrupting the market in securities underlying the options.\36\ At the
same time, the Commission has determined that limits should not be
established in
[[Page 65602]]
a manner that will unnecessarily discourage participation in the
options market by institutions and other investors with substantial
hedging needs or to prevent specialists and market makers from
adequately meeting their obligations to maintain a fair and orderly
market.\37\
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\35\ The Commission's incremental approach to approving changes
in position and exercise limits for option products overlying
certain ETFs is well-established. See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act
Release No. 67672 (August 15, 2012), 77 FR 50750, n. 42 and
accompanying text (August 22, 2012) (SR-NYSEAmex-2012-29) (approving
proposed rule change to eliminate position limits for SPY options on
a pilot basis); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64695 (June 17,
2011), 76 FR 36942, n. 19 and accompanying text (June 23, 2011) (SR-
Phlx-2011-58) (approving increase of SPY options position limit to
900,000 contracts).
\36\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 39489 (December 24,
1997), 63 FR 276 (January 5, 1998) (SR-CBOE-97-11).
\37\ See id.
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The Commission believes that it is reasonable for the Exchange to
increase the position and exercise limits for options on EEM to 500,000
contracts. As noted above, the markets for standardized options on EEM
and for EEM itself have substantial trading volume and liquidity. The
Commission believes that this liquidity would lessen the opportunity
for manipulation of this product and disruption in the underlying
market that a lower position limit may protect against. Specifically,
the Exchange notes that, in 2011, the average daily trading volumes for
EEM and options on EEM were 65 million shares and 280,000 contracts,
respectively.\38\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange notes that, through
October 17, 2012, the year-to-date average daily trading volume for EEM
across all exchanges was 49.3 million shares, and the year-to-date
average daily trading volume for EEM options across all exchanges was
250,304 contracts.\39\ The Exchange also notes that there were 922.9
million shares of EEM outstanding, with a market cap of $41.1
billion.\40\
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\38\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
\39\ See supra notes 12 and 14 and accompanying text.
\40\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 43898.
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As noted above, the Exchange also believes that current margin and
net capital requirements serve to limit the size of positions
maintained by any one account.\41\ The Commission agrees that these
financial requirements should help to address concerns that a member or
its customer may try to maintain an inordinately large unhedged
position in EEM options and will help to reduce risks if such a
position is established.
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\41\ See supra notes 25-28 and accompanying text.
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The Commission further agrees with the Exchange that the reporting
requirements imposed by Exchange Rule 4.13,\42\ as well as the
Exchange's surveillance procedures, together with those of other
exchanges and clearing firms,\43\ should help protect against potential
manipulation. The Commission expects that the Exchange will continue to
monitor trading in the EEM options for the purpose of discovering and
sanctioning manipulative acts and practices, and to reassess the
position and exercise limits, if and when appropriate, in light of its
findings.
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\42\ See supra notes 18-21 and accompanying text.
\43\ See supra notes 22-24 and accompanying text.
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In sum, given the measure of liquidity for EEM and options on EEM,
the broad range of component securities that make up the MSCI Emerging
Markets Index, the margin and capital requirements cited above, the
Exchange's options reporting requirements, and the Exchange's
surveillance procedures and agreements with other markets, the
Commission believes that increasing the position and exercise limits
for the EEM options to 500,000 contracts is consistent with the Act.
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\44\ that the proposed rule change (SR-CBOE-2012-066), as modified
by Amendment No. 1 thereto, be, and hereby is, approved.
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\44\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\45\
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\45\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Kevin M. O'Neill,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2012-26470 Filed 10-26-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P