Group Lotus Plc, Receipt of Petition for Temporary Exemption From an Advanced Air Bag Requirement of FMVSS No. 208, 39564-39567 [2012-16271]
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39564
Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 3, 2012 / Notices
E. Activities of Other Countries,
Multiple Government Entities, or NonGovernment Organizations (NGOs)
In addition to the studies listed in the
Review of Literature and Current
Activities section of the 2012 report, are
there additional noteworthy activities
that are planned or ongoing by
individual countries, entities consisting
of multiple governments, or nongovernment organizations (NGOs) that
may provide additional information on
the capabilities, limitations, and
readiness of these systems?
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business information, to the Chief
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Authority: 49 U.S.C. 30101.
Issued: June 26, 2012.
Nathaniel Beuse,
Director, Office of Crash Avoidance
Standards.
[FR Doc. 2012–16250 Filed 7–2–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–59–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration
[Docket No. NHTSA–2012–0086]
Group Lotus Plc, Receipt of Petition
for Temporary Exemption From an
Advanced Air Bag Requirement of
FMVSS No. 208
National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Notice of receipt of a petition for
a temporary exemption from a provision
of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard (FMVSS) No. 208, Occupant
Crash Protection.
AGENCY:
In accordance with the
procedures in 49 CFR part 555, Group
SUMMARY:
PO 00000
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Lotus Plc has petitioned the agency for
a temporary exemption from one
advanced air bag requirement of FMVSS
No. 208, the higher maximum speed (56
km/h (35 mph)) belted test requirement
using 5th percentile adult female
dummies for its Evora model. The basis
for the application is that the petitioner
avers compliance would cause it
substantial economic hardship and that
it has tried in good faith to comply with
the standard.1 This notice of receipt of
an application for a temporary
exemption is published in accordance
with statutory and administrative
provisions. NHTSA has made no
judgment on the merits of the
application.
DATES: You should submit your
comments not later than August 2, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
David Jasinski, Office of the Chief
Counsel, NCC–112, National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE., West Building 4th
Floor, Room W41–213, Washington, DC
20590. Telephone: (202) 366–2992; Fax:
(202) 366–3820.
ADDRESSES: We invite you to submit
comments on the application described
above. You may submit comments
identified by docket number in the
heading of this notice by any of the
following methods:
• Web Site: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments
on the electronic docket site by clicking
on ‘‘Help and Information’’ or ‘‘Help/
Info.’’
• Fax: 1–202–493–2251.
• Mail: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations, M–
30, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.
• Hand Delivery: 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE., West Building Ground
Floor, Room W12–140, Washington, DC,
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal
Holidays.
• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
online instructions for submitting
comments.
Instructions: All submissions must
include the agency name and docket
number. Note that all comments
received will be posted without change
to https://www.regulations.gov, including
any personal information provided.
Please see the Privacy Act discussion
below. We will consider all comments
received before the close of business on
the comment closing date indicated
1 To view the application, go to https://
www.regulations.gov and enter the docket number
set forth in the heading of this document.
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 3, 2012 / Notices
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above. To the extent possible, we will
also consider comments filed after the
closing date.
Docket: For access to the docket to
read background documents or
comments received, go to https://
www.regulations.gov at any time or to
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., West
Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140,
Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m.
and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal Holidays. Telephone:
(202) 366–9826.
Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search
the electronic form of all comments
received into any of our dockets by the
name of the individual submitting the
comment (or signing the comment, if
submitted on behalf of an association,
business, labor union, etc.). You may
review DOT’s complete Privacy Act
Statement in the Federal Register
published on April 11, 2000 (Volume
65, Number 70; Pages 19477–78) or you
may visit https://www.dot.gov/
privacy.html.
Confidential Business Information: If
you wish to submit any information
under a claim of confidentiality, you
should submit three copies of your
complete submission, including the
information you claim to be confidential
business information, to the Chief
Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given
under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT. In addition, you should
submit two copies, from which you
have deleted the claimed confidential
business information, to Docket
Management at the address given above.
When you send a comment containing
information claimed to be confidential
business information, you should
include a cover letter setting forth the
information specified in our
confidential business information
regulation (49 CFR Part 512).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Advanced Air Bag Requirements and
Small Volume Manufacturers
In 2000, NHTSA upgraded the
requirements for air bags in passenger
cars and light trucks, requiring what are
commonly known as ‘‘advanced air
bags.’’ 2 The upgrade was designed to
meet the twin goals of improving
protection for occupants of all sizes,
belted and unbelted, in moderate-tohigh-speed crashes, and of minimizing
the risks posed by air bags to infants,
children, and other occupants,
especially in low-speed crashes. Prior to
this rule, crash tests under FMVSS No.
208 used only one size dummy, a 50th
percentile adult male dummy. However,
the advanced air bag rule specified the
use of both 50th percentile adult male
and 5th percentile adult female
dummies for the standard’s crash tests.
The requirements for the vehicle
performance in an unbelted 32 km/h (20
mph) to 40 km/h (25 mph) rigid barrier
crash test and the belted rigid barrier
crash test with a maximum test speed of
48 km/h (30 mph) for both the 50th
percentile male dummy and the 5th
percentile female dummy were phased
in beginning with the 2004 model year.
Small volume manufacturers were not
subject to these advanced air bag
requirements until the end of the phasein period, which was September 1,
2006.
A second phase-in period required
vehicles to be certified as passing the
belted rigid barrier test requirements at
speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) using
the 50th percentile adult male dummy.
This requirement was phased in
beginning with the 2008 model year.
Small volume manufacturers were not
subject to this requirement until the end
of the phase-in period, which was
September 1, 2010.
The 2000 final rule did not include a
higher speed belted rigid barrier test for
a 5th percentile adult female dummy.
Instead, NHTSA initiated testing to
examine the practicability of imposing
such a requirement.3
On August 31, 2006, NHTSA
published a final rule that increased the
maximum test speed for the belted rigid
barrier test using the 5th percentile
adult female test dummy from 48 km/
h (30 mph) to 56 km/h (35 mph).4 This
new requirement was phased in
beginning with the 2010 model year.
Small manufacturers are not subject to
this requirement until the completion of
the phase in period, which is September
1, 2012.
In recent years, NHTSA has addressed
a number of petitions for exemption
from some of the initial advanced air
bag requirements of FMVSS No. 208.
The majority of these requests came
from small manufacturers, each of
which petitioned on the basis that
compliance would cause it substantial
economic hardship and that it has tried
in good faith to comply with the
standard. In recognition of the more
limited resources and capabilities of
small manufacturers, authority to grant
exemptions based on substantial
economic hardship and good faith
efforts was added to the Vehicle Safety
Act in 1972 to enable the agency to give
those manufacturers additional time to
comply with the Federal safety
standards.
3 See
2 See
65 FR 30680 (May 12, 2000).
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4 See
PO 00000
65 FR 30690.
71 FR 51768.
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39565
NHTSA granted a number of these
petitions, usually in situations in which
the manufacturer was supplying
standard air bags in lieu of advanced air
bags.5 In addressing these petitions,
NHTSA has recognized that small
manufacturers may face particular
difficulties in acquiring or developing
advanced air bag systems.
Notwithstanding those previous
grants of exemption, NHTSA has
considered two key issues—
(1) whether it is in the public interest
to continue to grant such petitions,
particularly in the same manner as in
the past, given the number of years
these requirements have now been in
effect and the benefits of advanced air
bags, and
(2) to the extent such petitions are
granted, what plans and
countermeasures to protect child and
infant occupants, short of compliance
with the advanced air bags, should be
expected.
While the exemption authority was
created to address the problems of small
manufacturers and the agency wishes to
be appropriately attentive to those
problems, it was not anticipated by the
agency that use of this authority would
result in small manufacturers being
given much more than relatively short
term exemptions from recently
implemented safety standards,
especially those addressing particularly
significant safety problems.
Given the passage of time since the
advanced air bag requirements were
established and implemented, and in
light of the benefits of advanced air
bags, NHTSA has determined that it is
not in the public interest to continue to
grant exemptions from these
requirements under the same terms as in
the past.6 The costs of compliance with
the advanced air bag requirements of
FMVSS No. 208 are costs that all
entrants to the U.S. automobile
marketplace should expect to bear.
Furthermore, NHTSA understands that,
in contrast to the initial years after the
advanced air bag requirements went
into effect, low volume manufacturers
now have access to advanced air bag
technology. Accordingly, NHTSA has
concluded that the expense of advanced
air bag technology is not now sufficient,
in and of itself, to justify the grant of a
petition for a hardship exemption from
the advanced air bag requirements.7
NHTSA further notes that the granting
of hardship exemptions from motor
5 See, e.g., grant of petition to Panoz, 72 FR 28759
(May 22, 2007), or grant of petition to Koenigsegg,
72 FR 17608 (April 9, 2007).
6 See denial of petition of Pagani Automobili
SpA, 76 FR 47641–42 (Aug. 5, 2011).
7 See id.
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vehicle safety standards is subject to the
agency’s finding that the petitioning
manufacturer has ‘‘tried to comply with
the standard in good faith.’’ 8 In
response to prior petitions, NHTSA has
granted temporary exemptions from the
advanced air bag requirements as a
means of affording eligible
manufacturers an additional transition
period to comply with the exempted
standard. In deciding whether to grant
an exemption based on substantial
economic hardship and good faith
efforts, NHTSA considers the steps that
the manufacturer has already taken to
achieve compliance, as well as the
future steps the manufacturer plans to
take during the exemption period and
the estimated date by which full
compliance will be achieved.9
NHTSA invites comment on how
these considerations relate to Lotus’s
petition for an exemption from the
higher speed belted rigid barrier test
using the 5th percentile adult female
test dummy. In this respect, Lotus notes
that it seeks exemption from only a
single test performance requirement
rather than all of the advanced air bag
requirements.
II. Statutory Authority for Temporary
Exemptions
The National Traffic and Motor
Vehicle Safety Act (Safety Act), codified
as 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301, provides the
Secretary of Transportation authority to
exempt, on a temporary basis and under
specified circumstances, motor vehicles
from a motor vehicle safety standard or
bumper standard. This authority is set
forth at 49 U.S.C. 30113. The Secretary
has delegated the authority for
implementing this section to NHTSA.
The Act authorizes the Secretary to
grant a temporary exemption to a
manufacturer of not more than 10,000
motor vehicles annually, on such terms
as he deems appropriate, if he finds that
the exemption would be consistent with
the public interest and the Safety Act
and if he also finds that ‘‘compliance
with the standard would cause
substantial economic hardship to a
manufacturer that has tried to comply
with the standard in good faith.’’
NHTSA established Part 555,
Temporary Exemption from Motor
Vehicle Safety and Bumper Standards,
to implement the statutory provisions
concerning temporary exemptions.
Under Part 555, a petitioner must
provide specified information in
submitting a petition for exemption.
These requirements are specified in 49
CFR 555.5, and include a number of
8 49
9 49
items. Foremost among them are that
the petitioner must set forth the basis of
the application under § 555.6, and the
reasons why the exemption would be in
the public interest and consistent with
the objectives of 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301.
A manufacturer is eligible to apply for
a hardship exemption if its total motor
vehicle production in its most recent
year of production did not exceed
10,000 vehicles, as determined by the
NHTSA Administrator (49 U.S.C.
30113).
In determining whether a
manufacturer of a vehicle meets that
criterion, NHTSA considers whether a
second vehicle manufacturer also might
be deemed the manufacturer of that
vehicle. The statutory provisions
governing motor vehicle safety (49
U.S.C. Chapter 301) do not state that a
manufacturer has substantial
responsibility as manufacturer of a
vehicle simply because it owns or
controls a second manufacturer that
assembled that vehicle. However, the
agency considers the statutory
definition of ‘‘manufacturer’’ (49 U.S.C.
30102) to be sufficiently broad to
include sponsors, depending on the
circumstances. Thus, NHTSA has stated
that a manufacturer may be deemed to
be a sponsor and thus a manufacturer of
a vehicle assembled by a second
manufacturer if the first manufacturer
had a substantial role in the
development and manufacturing
process of that vehicle.
While 49 U.S.C. 30113(b) states that
exemptions from a Safety Act standard
are to be granted on a ‘‘temporary
basis,’’ 10 the statute also expressly
provides for renewal of an exemption on
reapplication. Manufacturers are
nevertheless cautioned that the agency’s
decision to grant an initial petition in no
way predetermines that the agency will
repeatedly grant renewal petitions,
thereby imparting semi-permanent
status to an exemption from a safety
standard. Exempted manufacturers
seeking renewal must bear in mind that
the agency is directed to consider
financial hardship as but one factor,
along with the manufacturer’s ongoing
good faith efforts to comply with the
regulation, the public interest,
consistency with the Safety Act,
generally, as well as other such matters
provided in the statute.
III. Overview of Petition
In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 30113
and the procedures in 49 CFR part 555,
Group Lotus Plc (Lotus) has submitted
a petition asking the agency for a
temporary exemption from one
U.S.C. 30113(b)(3)(B)(i)
CFR 555.6(a)(2)
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10 49
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U.S.C. 30113(b)(1).
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advanced air bag requirement of FMVSS
No. 208 for its Evora model.
Specifically, the petition requests an
exemption from the advanced air bag
requirement in S14.7, which requires
vehicles manufactured on or after
September 1, 2012, to meet the higher
maximum speed (56 km/h (35 mph))
belted test requirement using the 5th
percentile adult female dummy.11 Lotus
requests this exemption only for the
front passenger seat. The basis for the
application is that compliance would
cause the petitioner substantial
economic hardship and that the
petitioner has tried in good faith to
comply with the standard. Lotus has
requested an exemption for a period of
31 months from September 1, 2012 to
March 31, 2015.
Lotus is a United Kingdom
corporation. In the year prior to the
filing of its petition, Lotus produced a
total of 3,115 vehicles.12 Lotus states
that, since its inception, it has never
manufactured more than 10,000
vehicles in a year. Lotus states further
that, although it is owned by the
Malaysian automobile manufacturer
Proton, Proton is not a ‘‘sponsor’’ of
Lotus and its production should not be
(and historically has not been)
aggregated with Lotus’s production for
the purpose of determining eligibility
for a temporary exemption. Lotus
anticipates that the number of exempted
vehicles imported to the U.S. if this
petition is granted would be
approximately 800.
Lotus previously obtained an
exemption from the advanced air bag
requirements for its Elise model.13 In its
petition for exemption from the
advanced air bag requirements for the
Elise, Lotus committed to equipping its
next model, the Evora, with compliant
advanced air bags. Lotus states that,
since its introduction to the U.S. market
in 2010, the Evora has been fully
compliant with FMVSS No. 208.
However, Lotus states that its sales have
been lower than projected because of
11 In its petition, Lotus asks for exemption from
S15.1(b) and S16.1(a)(2) as well. However, those
provisions apply to only those vehicles certified as
complying with S14.6 or S14.7. If an exemption is
granted, the vehicle would not be required to be
certified to S14.7. S14.6 is the phase in for the
higher speed 5th percentile adult female belted
barrier test requirement that is not applicable to
Lotus. In that instance, neither provision would
apply to the exempted vehicles. Furthermore,
S16.1(a)(2) is the test procedure for conducting the
rigid barrier test using 5th percentile adult female
dummies. This test procedure contains no
substantive requirements for which Lotus would
need exemption.
12 This total includes 690 vehicles that were
assembled for Tesla Motors, Inc.
13 See 71 FR 52851, 52859–62 (Docket No.
NHTSA–2006–25324).
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Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 128 / Tuesday, July 3, 2012 / Notices
Lotus’s financial hardship, exacerbated
by the global recession; emergence of
competition in its market segment; and
the withdrawal of the Elise from the
U.S. market. Furthermore, Lotus states
the Evora’s advanced air bag system will
not comply with the higher speed 5th
percentile female belted occupant
(passenger side, fully forward seat
position) barrier crash test without
sourcing new components and
conducting a complete revalidation of
the system. Lotus previously believed
that Evora sales would have been
augmented by a new product using
substantially the same platform, upon
which compliance with the higher
speed 5th percentile female belted
requirements would have been
developed. However, Lotus states that it
stopped that development program due
to poor Evora sales and repositioning of
its business (moving from the entry
level premium segment to the high
performance, luxury sports car
segment).
Lotus states that the Evora cannot
meet the higher speed 5th percentile
female belted test requirements because
the Evora’s air bag electronic control
unit (ECU) does not have the capability
to monitor whether the seat belt is
buckled and its seat belt supplier does
not have a suitable buckle switch. A
buckle switch would allow the ECU to
fire only the first stage of the air bag
inflator for buckled occupants while
firing two stages for unbuckled
occupants, allowing the stiffness of the
air bag to be different for belted and
unbelted occupants. In order to
incorporate a buckle switch in the
Evora, Lotus states that a new air bag
ECU would need to be sourced,
calibrated, and validated; a new seat
belt system would need to be sourced;
and a complete series of development
tests would need to be conducted.
Lotus expects that this development
would cost over $4 million. Lotus states
that it does not have sufficient financial
resources to complete this development.
Lotus’s financial statements show that
from the period between April 2007 and
March 2010, the company experienced
losses of approximately $40 million.
With an exemption, Lotus predicts that
it would make a profit of approximately
$24 million between April 2010 and
March 2014. Without an exemption,
Lotus predicts its profit in the same
period would be reduced to $13 million.
However, Lotus contends that the
financial impact would be greater
because, without the exemption, Lotus
would withdraw from the U.S. market
and lose its market share, resulting in
intangible losses such as loss of brand
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image, complication of reentry into the
U.S. market in the future, and job losses.
Lotus states that it has considered
alternative means of compliance, but
these alternatives have been found to be
incapable of providing a solution. Lotus
states that it could not use a seat belt
buckle sensor from its current seat belt
supplier because the switch is
inadequate and there is not a suitable
ECU. Lotus states that it considered
moving the passenger seat rearward, but
concluded it would have to reevaluate
compliance with the 50th percentile
male tests in both the belted and
unbelted conditions which would result
in similar costs to those described
above. Lotus also states that it
considered fixing the passenger seat in
the mid-position, but concluded that
occupant ingress/egress would be
adversely affected and it would prevent
a 95th percentile occupant from fitting
in the passenger seat.
Lotus states that, while an exemption
is in effect, it will provide advice and
warnings in its owners’ manual
identifying the risks associated with
correct positioning of the seat belt and
sitting too close to the air bag.
IV. Completeness and Comment Period
Upon receiving a petition, NHTSA
conducts an initial review of the
petition with respect to whether the
petition is complete and whether the
petitioner appears to be eligible to apply
for the requested exemption. The agency
has tentatively concluded that the
petition from Lotus is complete and that
Lotus is eligible to apply for a temporary
exemption. The agency has not made
any judgment on the merits of the
application, and is placing a nonconfidential copy of the petition in the
docket.
The agency seeks comment from the
public on the merits of Lotus’s
application for a temporary exemption
from the higher speed 5th percentile
adult female belted barrier crash test in
S14.7 of FMVSS No. 208. We are
providing a 30-day comment period.
After considering public comments and
other available information, we will
publish a notice of final action on the
application in the Federal Register.
Issued on: June 26, 2012.
Nathaniel Beuse,
Director, Office of Crash Avoidance
Standards.
[FR Doc. 2012–16271 Filed 7–2–12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–59–P
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39567
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
Safety Administration
[Docket No. PHMSA–2009–0017 (PD–34(R))]
Common Law Tort Claims Concerning
Design and Marking of DOT
Specification 39 Compressed Gas
Cylinders
Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration
(PHMSA), DOT.
AGENCY:
Notice of administrative
determination of preemption.
ACTION:
Applicable Federal Requirements:
Federal hazardous material
transportation law, 49 U.S.C. 5101 et
seq., and the Hazardous Materials
Regulations (HMR), 49 CFR parts 171–
180.
Modes Affected: All transportation
modes.
SUMMARY: Federal hazardous material
transportation law preempts a private
cause of action which seeks to create or
establish a State common law
requirement applicable to the design,
manufacture, or marking of a packaging,
container, or packaging component that
is represented, marked, certified, or sold
as qualified for use in transporting
hazardous material in commerce when
that State common law requirement
would not be substantively the same as
the requirements in the HMR. Federal
hazardous material transportation law
does not preempt a tort claim that a
packaging, container, or packaging
component that is represented, marked,
certified, or sold as qualified for use in
transporting hazardous material failed
to meet the design, manufacturing, or
marking requirements in the HMR or
that a person who offered a hazardous
material for transportation in commerce
or transported a hazardous material in
commerce failed to comply with
applicable requirements in the HMR.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Frazer C. Hilder, Office of Chief
Counsel, Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC 20590–0001 (Tel. No. 202–366–
4400).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Application
AMTROL, Inc. has applied to PHMSA
for an administrative determination
whether the Federal hazardous
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 128 (Tuesday, July 3, 2012)]
[Notices]
[Pages 39564-39567]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-16271]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
[Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0086]
Group Lotus Plc, Receipt of Petition for Temporary Exemption From
an Advanced Air Bag Requirement of FMVSS No. 208
AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Notice of receipt of a petition for a temporary exemption from
a provision of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 208,
Occupant Crash Protection.
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SUMMARY: In accordance with the procedures in 49 CFR part 555, Group
Lotus Plc has petitioned the agency for a temporary exemption from one
advanced air bag requirement of FMVSS No. 208, the higher maximum speed
(56 km/h (35 mph)) belted test requirement using 5th percentile adult
female dummies for its Evora model. The basis for the application is
that the petitioner avers compliance would cause it substantial
economic hardship and that it has tried in good faith to comply with
the standard.\1\ This notice of receipt of an application for a
temporary exemption is published in accordance with statutory and
administrative provisions. NHTSA has made no judgment on the merits of
the application.
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\1\ To view the application, go to https://www.regulations.gov
and enter the docket number set forth in the heading of this
document.
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DATES: You should submit your comments not later than August 2, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Jasinski, Office of the Chief
Counsel, NCC-112, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building 4th Floor, Room W41-213,
Washington, DC 20590. Telephone: (202) 366-2992; Fax: (202) 366-3820.
ADDRESSES: We invite you to submit comments on the application
described above. You may submit comments identified by docket number in
the heading of this notice by any of the following methods:
Web Site: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments on the electronic docket site by
clicking on ``Help and Information'' or ``Help/Info.''
Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M-30, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
DC 20590.
Hand Delivery: 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building
Ground Floor, Room W12-140, Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal Holidays.
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting
comments.
Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and
docket number. Note that all comments received will be posted without
change to https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal
information provided. Please see the Privacy Act discussion below. We
will consider all comments received before the close of business on the
comment closing date indicated
[[Page 39565]]
above. To the extent possible, we will also consider comments filed
after the closing date.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov at any time or to
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140,
Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal Holidays. Telephone: (202) 366-9826.
Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78) or you may visit
https://www.dot.gov/privacy.html.
Confidential Business Information: If you wish to submit any
information under a claim of confidentiality, you should submit three
copies of your complete submission, including the information you claim
to be confidential business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA,
at the address given under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. In
addition, you should submit two copies, from which you have deleted the
claimed confidential business information, to Docket Management at the
address given above. When you send a comment containing information
claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a
cover letter setting forth the information specified in our
confidential business information regulation (49 CFR Part 512).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Advanced Air Bag Requirements and Small Volume Manufacturers
In 2000, NHTSA upgraded the requirements for air bags in passenger
cars and light trucks, requiring what are commonly known as ``advanced
air bags.'' \2\ The upgrade was designed to meet the twin goals of
improving protection for occupants of all sizes, belted and unbelted,
in moderate-to-high-speed crashes, and of minimizing the risks posed by
air bags to infants, children, and other occupants, especially in low-
speed crashes. Prior to this rule, crash tests under FMVSS No. 208 used
only one size dummy, a 50th percentile adult male dummy. However, the
advanced air bag rule specified the use of both 50th percentile adult
male and 5th percentile adult female dummies for the standard's crash
tests.
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\2\ See 65 FR 30680 (May 12, 2000).
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The requirements for the vehicle performance in an unbelted 32 km/h
(20 mph) to 40 km/h (25 mph) rigid barrier crash test and the belted
rigid barrier crash test with a maximum test speed of 48 km/h (30 mph)
for both the 50th percentile male dummy and the 5th percentile female
dummy were phased in beginning with the 2004 model year. Small volume
manufacturers were not subject to these advanced air bag requirements
until the end of the phase-in period, which was September 1, 2006.
A second phase-in period required vehicles to be certified as
passing the belted rigid barrier test requirements at speeds up to 56
km/h (35 mph) using the 50th percentile adult male dummy. This
requirement was phased in beginning with the 2008 model year. Small
volume manufacturers were not subject to this requirement until the end
of the phase-in period, which was September 1, 2010.
The 2000 final rule did not include a higher speed belted rigid
barrier test for a 5th percentile adult female dummy. Instead, NHTSA
initiated testing to examine the practicability of imposing such a
requirement.\3\
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\3\ See 65 FR 30690.
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On August 31, 2006, NHTSA published a final rule that increased the
maximum test speed for the belted rigid barrier test using the 5th
percentile adult female test dummy from 48 km/h (30 mph) to 56 km/h (35
mph).\4\ This new requirement was phased in beginning with the 2010
model year. Small manufacturers are not subject to this requirement
until the completion of the phase in period, which is September 1,
2012.
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\4\ See 71 FR 51768.
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In recent years, NHTSA has addressed a number of petitions for
exemption from some of the initial advanced air bag requirements of
FMVSS No. 208. The majority of these requests came from small
manufacturers, each of which petitioned on the basis that compliance
would cause it substantial economic hardship and that it has tried in
good faith to comply with the standard. In recognition of the more
limited resources and capabilities of small manufacturers, authority to
grant exemptions based on substantial economic hardship and good faith
efforts was added to the Vehicle Safety Act in 1972 to enable the
agency to give those manufacturers additional time to comply with the
Federal safety standards.
NHTSA granted a number of these petitions, usually in situations in
which the manufacturer was supplying standard air bags in lieu of
advanced air bags.\5\ In addressing these petitions, NHTSA has
recognized that small manufacturers may face particular difficulties in
acquiring or developing advanced air bag systems.
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\5\ See, e.g., grant of petition to Panoz, 72 FR 28759 (May 22,
2007), or grant of petition to Koenigsegg, 72 FR 17608 (April 9,
2007).
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Notwithstanding those previous grants of exemption, NHTSA has
considered two key issues--
(1) whether it is in the public interest to continue to grant such
petitions, particularly in the same manner as in the past, given the
number of years these requirements have now been in effect and the
benefits of advanced air bags, and
(2) to the extent such petitions are granted, what plans and
countermeasures to protect child and infant occupants, short of
compliance with the advanced air bags, should be expected.
While the exemption authority was created to address the problems
of small manufacturers and the agency wishes to be appropriately
attentive to those problems, it was not anticipated by the agency that
use of this authority would result in small manufacturers being given
much more than relatively short term exemptions from recently
implemented safety standards, especially those addressing particularly
significant safety problems.
Given the passage of time since the advanced air bag requirements
were established and implemented, and in light of the benefits of
advanced air bags, NHTSA has determined that it is not in the public
interest to continue to grant exemptions from these requirements under
the same terms as in the past.\6\ The costs of compliance with the
advanced air bag requirements of FMVSS No. 208 are costs that all
entrants to the U.S. automobile marketplace should expect to bear.
Furthermore, NHTSA understands that, in contrast to the initial years
after the advanced air bag requirements went into effect, low volume
manufacturers now have access to advanced air bag technology.
Accordingly, NHTSA has concluded that the expense of advanced air bag
technology is not now sufficient, in and of itself, to justify the
grant of a petition for a hardship exemption from the advanced air bag
requirements.\7\
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\6\ See denial of petition of Pagani Automobili SpA, 76 FR
47641-42 (Aug. 5, 2011).
\7\ See id.
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NHTSA further notes that the granting of hardship exemptions from
motor
[[Page 39566]]
vehicle safety standards is subject to the agency's finding that the
petitioning manufacturer has ``tried to comply with the standard in
good faith.'' \8\ In response to prior petitions, NHTSA has granted
temporary exemptions from the advanced air bag requirements as a means
of affording eligible manufacturers an additional transition period to
comply with the exempted standard. In deciding whether to grant an
exemption based on substantial economic hardship and good faith
efforts, NHTSA considers the steps that the manufacturer has already
taken to achieve compliance, as well as the future steps the
manufacturer plans to take during the exemption period and the
estimated date by which full compliance will be achieved.\9\
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\8\ 49 U.S.C. 30113(b)(3)(B)(i)
\9\ 49 CFR 555.6(a)(2)
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NHTSA invites comment on how these considerations relate to Lotus's
petition for an exemption from the higher speed belted rigid barrier
test using the 5th percentile adult female test dummy. In this respect,
Lotus notes that it seeks exemption from only a single test performance
requirement rather than all of the advanced air bag requirements.
II. Statutory Authority for Temporary Exemptions
The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Safety Act),
codified as 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301, provides the Secretary of
Transportation authority to exempt, on a temporary basis and under
specified circumstances, motor vehicles from a motor vehicle safety
standard or bumper standard. This authority is set forth at 49 U.S.C.
30113. The Secretary has delegated the authority for implementing this
section to NHTSA.
The Act authorizes the Secretary to grant a temporary exemption to
a manufacturer of not more than 10,000 motor vehicles annually, on such
terms as he deems appropriate, if he finds that the exemption would be
consistent with the public interest and the Safety Act and if he also
finds that ``compliance with the standard would cause substantial
economic hardship to a manufacturer that has tried to comply with the
standard in good faith.''
NHTSA established Part 555, Temporary Exemption from Motor Vehicle
Safety and Bumper Standards, to implement the statutory provisions
concerning temporary exemptions. Under Part 555, a petitioner must
provide specified information in submitting a petition for exemption.
These requirements are specified in 49 CFR 555.5, and include a number
of items. Foremost among them are that the petitioner must set forth
the basis of the application under Sec. 555.6, and the reasons why the
exemption would be in the public interest and consistent with the
objectives of 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301.
A manufacturer is eligible to apply for a hardship exemption if its
total motor vehicle production in its most recent year of production
did not exceed 10,000 vehicles, as determined by the NHTSA
Administrator (49 U.S.C. 30113).
In determining whether a manufacturer of a vehicle meets that
criterion, NHTSA considers whether a second vehicle manufacturer also
might be deemed the manufacturer of that vehicle. The statutory
provisions governing motor vehicle safety (49 U.S.C. Chapter 301) do
not state that a manufacturer has substantial responsibility as
manufacturer of a vehicle simply because it owns or controls a second
manufacturer that assembled that vehicle. However, the agency considers
the statutory definition of ``manufacturer'' (49 U.S.C. 30102) to be
sufficiently broad to include sponsors, depending on the circumstances.
Thus, NHTSA has stated that a manufacturer may be deemed to be a
sponsor and thus a manufacturer of a vehicle assembled by a second
manufacturer if the first manufacturer had a substantial role in the
development and manufacturing process of that vehicle.
While 49 U.S.C. 30113(b) states that exemptions from a Safety Act
standard are to be granted on a ``temporary basis,'' \10\ the statute
also expressly provides for renewal of an exemption on reapplication.
Manufacturers are nevertheless cautioned that the agency's decision to
grant an initial petition in no way predetermines that the agency will
repeatedly grant renewal petitions, thereby imparting semi-permanent
status to an exemption from a safety standard. Exempted manufacturers
seeking renewal must bear in mind that the agency is directed to
consider financial hardship as but one factor, along with the
manufacturer's ongoing good faith efforts to comply with the
regulation, the public interest, consistency with the Safety Act,
generally, as well as other such matters provided in the statute.
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\10\ 49 U.S.C. 30113(b)(1).
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III. Overview of Petition
In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 30113 and the procedures in 49 CFR
part 555, Group Lotus Plc (Lotus) has submitted a petition asking the
agency for a temporary exemption from one advanced air bag requirement
of FMVSS No. 208 for its Evora model. Specifically, the petition
requests an exemption from the advanced air bag requirement in S14.7,
which requires vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2012, to
meet the higher maximum speed (56 km/h (35 mph)) belted test
requirement using the 5th percentile adult female dummy.\11\ Lotus
requests this exemption only for the front passenger seat. The basis
for the application is that compliance would cause the petitioner
substantial economic hardship and that the petitioner has tried in good
faith to comply with the standard. Lotus has requested an exemption for
a period of 31 months from September 1, 2012 to March 31, 2015.
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\11\ In its petition, Lotus asks for exemption from S15.1(b) and
S16.1(a)(2) as well. However, those provisions apply to only those
vehicles certified as complying with S14.6 or S14.7. If an exemption
is granted, the vehicle would not be required to be certified to
S14.7. S14.6 is the phase in for the higher speed 5th percentile
adult female belted barrier test requirement that is not applicable
to Lotus. In that instance, neither provision would apply to the
exempted vehicles. Furthermore, S16.1(a)(2) is the test procedure
for conducting the rigid barrier test using 5th percentile adult
female dummies. This test procedure contains no substantive
requirements for which Lotus would need exemption.
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Lotus is a United Kingdom corporation. In the year prior to the
filing of its petition, Lotus produced a total of 3,115 vehicles.\12\
Lotus states that, since its inception, it has never manufactured more
than 10,000 vehicles in a year. Lotus states further that, although it
is owned by the Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton, Proton is not
a ``sponsor'' of Lotus and its production should not be (and
historically has not been) aggregated with Lotus's production for the
purpose of determining eligibility for a temporary exemption. Lotus
anticipates that the number of exempted vehicles imported to the U.S.
if this petition is granted would be approximately 800.
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\12\ This total includes 690 vehicles that were assembled for
Tesla Motors, Inc.
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Lotus previously obtained an exemption from the advanced air bag
requirements for its Elise model.\13\ In its petition for exemption
from the advanced air bag requirements for the Elise, Lotus committed
to equipping its next model, the Evora, with compliant advanced air
bags. Lotus states that, since its introduction to the U.S. market in
2010, the Evora has been fully compliant with FMVSS No. 208. However,
Lotus states that its sales have been lower than projected because of
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Lotus's financial hardship, exacerbated by the global recession;
emergence of competition in its market segment; and the withdrawal of
the Elise from the U.S. market. Furthermore, Lotus states the Evora's
advanced air bag system will not comply with the higher speed 5th
percentile female belted occupant (passenger side, fully forward seat
position) barrier crash test without sourcing new components and
conducting a complete revalidation of the system. Lotus previously
believed that Evora sales would have been augmented by a new product
using substantially the same platform, upon which compliance with the
higher speed 5th percentile female belted requirements would have been
developed. However, Lotus states that it stopped that development
program due to poor Evora sales and repositioning of its business
(moving from the entry level premium segment to the high performance,
luxury sports car segment).
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\13\ See 71 FR 52851, 52859-62 (Docket No. NHTSA-2006-25324).
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Lotus states that the Evora cannot meet the higher speed 5th
percentile female belted test requirements because the Evora's air bag
electronic control unit (ECU) does not have the capability to monitor
whether the seat belt is buckled and its seat belt supplier does not
have a suitable buckle switch. A buckle switch would allow the ECU to
fire only the first stage of the air bag inflator for buckled occupants
while firing two stages for unbuckled occupants, allowing the stiffness
of the air bag to be different for belted and unbelted occupants. In
order to incorporate a buckle switch in the Evora, Lotus states that a
new air bag ECU would need to be sourced, calibrated, and validated; a
new seat belt system would need to be sourced; and a complete series of
development tests would need to be conducted.
Lotus expects that this development would cost over $4 million.
Lotus states that it does not have sufficient financial resources to
complete this development. Lotus's financial statements show that from
the period between April 2007 and March 2010, the company experienced
losses of approximately $40 million. With an exemption, Lotus predicts
that it would make a profit of approximately $24 million between April
2010 and March 2014. Without an exemption, Lotus predicts its profit in
the same period would be reduced to $13 million. However, Lotus
contends that the financial impact would be greater because, without
the exemption, Lotus would withdraw from the U.S. market and lose its
market share, resulting in intangible losses such as loss of brand
image, complication of reentry into the U.S. market in the future, and
job losses.
Lotus states that it has considered alternative means of
compliance, but these alternatives have been found to be incapable of
providing a solution. Lotus states that it could not use a seat belt
buckle sensor from its current seat belt supplier because the switch is
inadequate and there is not a suitable ECU. Lotus states that it
considered moving the passenger seat rearward, but concluded it would
have to reevaluate compliance with the 50th percentile male tests in
both the belted and unbelted conditions which would result in similar
costs to those described above. Lotus also states that it considered
fixing the passenger seat in the mid-position, but concluded that
occupant ingress/egress would be adversely affected and it would
prevent a 95th percentile occupant from fitting in the passenger seat.
Lotus states that, while an exemption is in effect, it will provide
advice and warnings in its owners' manual identifying the risks
associated with correct positioning of the seat belt and sitting too
close to the air bag.
IV. Completeness and Comment Period
Upon receiving a petition, NHTSA conducts an initial review of the
petition with respect to whether the petition is complete and whether
the petitioner appears to be eligible to apply for the requested
exemption. The agency has tentatively concluded that the petition from
Lotus is complete and that Lotus is eligible to apply for a temporary
exemption. The agency has not made any judgment on the merits of the
application, and is placing a non-confidential copy of the petition in
the docket.
The agency seeks comment from the public on the merits of Lotus's
application for a temporary exemption from the higher speed 5th
percentile adult female belted barrier crash test in S14.7 of FMVSS No.
208. We are providing a 30-day comment period. After considering public
comments and other available information, we will publish a notice of
final action on the application in the Federal Register.
Issued on: June 26, 2012.
Nathaniel Beuse,
Director, Office of Crash Avoidance Standards.
[FR Doc. 2012-16271 Filed 7-2-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P