Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To Modify Chapter V, Section 4 and Chapter VI, Section 8 of the Exchange's Rules Relating to Opening and Halt Crosses on the NASDAQ Options Market, 28257-28260 [2011-11919]
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 94 / Monday, May 16, 2011 / Notices
is designed to provide for the equitable
allocation of reasonable dues, fees and
other charges among its Participants and
other persons using the facilities. The
proposed rule is codifying a practice
currently employed by Exchange and
the OCC. By adopting this rule, the
Exchange is providing Participants with
a description of the Covered Sale Fee
and the process by which the Covered
Sale Fee is collected.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Burden on Competition
The Exchange does not believe that
the proposed rule change will impose
any burden on competition not
necessary or appropriate in furtherance
of the purposes of the Act.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received From
Members, Participants, or Others
The Exchange has neither solicited
nor received comments on the proposed
rule change.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
The foregoing rule change has become
effective pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Exchange Act 11
and Rule 19b–4(f)(2) thereunder,12
because it establishes or changes a due,
fee, or other charge applicable only to a
member.
At any time within 60 days of the
filing of the proposed rule change, the
Commission summarily may
temporarily suspend such rule change if
it appears to the Commission that such
action is necessary or appropriate in the
public interest, for the protection of
investors, or otherwise in furtherance of
the purposes of the Act.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
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U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(ii).
CFR 240.19b–4(f)(2).
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1 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64143
(March 29, 2011), 76 FR 18589 (April 4, 2011)
(‘‘Notice’’).
2 17
13 17
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[Release No. 34–64463; File No. SR–
NASDAQ–2011–037]
A. Elimination of the Order Imbalance
Tie-Breaker and Modification of the
Mid-Point Tie-Breaker
NOM currently employs a series of
tie-breakers that resolve instances where
multiple prices satisfy the conditions for
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an e-mail to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–BX–2011–024 on the
subject line.
12 17
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order
Approving Proposed Rule Change To
All submissions should refer to File
Modify Chapter V, Section 4 and
Number SR–BX–2011–024. This file
Chapter VI, Section 8 of the
number should be included on the
subject line if e-mail is used. To help the Exchange’s Rules Relating to Opening
and Halt Crosses on the NASDAQ
Commission process and review your
Options Market
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will May 11, 2011.
post all comments on the Commission’s
I. Introduction
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
On March 15, 2011, The NASDAQ
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
Stock Market LLC (‘‘NASDAQ’’ or
submission, all subsequent
‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the Securities
amendments, all written statements
and Exchange Commission
with respect to the proposed rule
(‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section
change that are filed with the
19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act
Commission, and all written
of 1934 (‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b-4
communications relating to the
thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to
proposed rule change between the
modify the procedures for the opening
Commission and any person, other than of trading at the start of the trading day
those that may be withheld from the
and at the resumption of trading
public in accordance with the
following a trading halt on the NASDAQ
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
Options Market (‘‘NOM’’). The proposed
available for Web site viewing and
rule change was published for comment
printing in the Commission’s Public
in the Federal Register on April 4,
Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE.,
2011.3 The Commission received no
comment letters regarding the proposal.
Washington, DC 20549, on official
This order approves the proposed rule
business days between the hours of 10
change.
a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of such filing
also will be available for inspection and II. Description of the Proposal
copying at the principal office of the
The Exchange proposes to modify
Exchange. All comments received will
Chapter V, Section 4 and Chapter VI,
be posted without change; the
Section 8 of the Exchange’s rules (‘‘NOM
Commission does not edit personal
Rules’’) governing the opening of trading
identifying information from
at the start of the trading day and at the
submissions. You should submit only
resumption of trading following a
information that you wish to make
trading halt on NOM. Specifically, the
available publicly. All submissions
Exchange proposes to: (1) Eliminate one
should refer to File Number SR–BX–
tie-breaker and modify a second tie2011–024 and should be submitted on
breaker used to establish the Current
or before June 6, 2011.
Reference Price and cross price; (2)
modify the circumstances whereby the
For the Commission, by the Division of
Exchange disseminates an indicative
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
indicator of ‘‘market;’’ (3) change the
authority.13
start time for imbalance and indicative
Cathy H. Ahn,
data dissemination; (4) clarify when an
Deputy Secretary.
Order Imbalance Indicator is
[FR Doc. 2011–11917 Filed 5–13–11; 8:45 am]
disseminated; and (5) establish a halt
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cross.
Electronic Comments
11 15
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executing the opening cross. These tiebreakers govern the calculation of the
Current Reference Price, which is
disseminated to market participants
prior to the execution of the opening
cross, and the calculation of the actual
cross price.4 The tie-breakers are criteria
that operate in a hierarchy. If one and
only one price satisfies the first
criterion, the system has no need to
consider the second tie-breaker, and,
instead, the system will execute the
cross. Conversely, if multiple prices
satisfy the first criterion, the algorithm
turns to the second criterion, and, if
multiple prices satisfy the second
criterion, the algorithm then turns to the
third criterion. Currently, the first tiebreaker is the single price at which the
maximum number of contracts of
Eligible Interest 5 can be paired at or
within the National Best Bid and Offer
(‘‘NBBO’’).6
The Exchange proposes to eliminate
what currently serves as the second tiebreaker (the ‘‘Order Imbalance TieBreaker’’).7 Specifically, under this
second tie-breaker, when more than one
price satisfies the first condition for the
opening cross, the system will choose
the price which minimizes the order
imbalance remaining if the cross were to
be executed.
The Exchange represents that it has
determined to eliminate the Order
Imbalance Tie-Breaker because it has
not proven useful in augmenting price
discovery prior to the cross or in
operating an effective opening cross.8
The Exchange noted that it initially
adopted the Order Imbalance TieBreaker based upon its successful use in
the equities opening cross.9 However,
the Exchange believes that, in its
experience, the Order Imbalance TieBreaker has not performed well for the
options cross because imbalances occur
less often in the options market and
such imbalances generally are much
smaller in size than in the equities
market.10 As a result, the Exchange
believes that the size of an imbalance in
an options cross rarely provides a
meaningful basis for distinguishing
between multiple prices at which a
cross could occur and that elimination
of the Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker
4 See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A),
(b)(2).
5 ‘‘Eligible Interest’’ is any quotation or any order
that may be entered into the system and designated
with a time-in-force of IOC, DAY, GTC, EXPR. See
NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(4).
6 See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A)(i),
(b)(2)(A).
7 See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section
8(a)(2)(A)(ii), (b)(2)(B).
8 See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589–90.
9 See id. at 18590.
10 See id.
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would not hinder price discovery and
would allow the Exchange to focus the
cross on the most relevant criteria.11
In addition, the Exchange is
proposing to modify the current third
tie-breaker (the ‘‘Mid-Point TieBreaker’’).12 Rather than choosing the
mid-point of the NBBO, as happens
today under this tie-breaker, the
Exchange would choose a price that it
believes more accurately represents the
supply and demand in the market at the
time of reference price dissemination
and/or auction execution.13 To achieve
that end, the Exchange would set a
minimum threshold price, based on the
higher of the last-crossed NOM offer or
the National Best Bid, and a maximum
threshold price, based on the lower of
the last-crossed NOM bid or the
National Best Offer. The mid-point (in
$0.01 increments) of those threshold
prices would be the Current Reference
Price or opening cross price if this MidPoint Tie-Breaker were reached.14 The
Exchange believes that this formulation
would improve price discovery and
execution quality.15
B. Modification of Indicative Indicator
Dissemination of ‘‘Market’’
The indicative price is the price at
which the NOM opening cross would
occur if the opening cross were to occur
at that time.16 The Exchange
disseminates an indicative indicator for
‘‘market buy’’ or ‘‘market sell’’ if
marketable buy (sell) contracts would
remain unexecuted above (below) the
Near or Far Clearing Prices,
respectively.17 The Exchange proposes
to modify when an indicative inidcator
is disseminated with a price of ‘‘market
buy’’ or ‘‘market sell.’’ 18 First, such
message would be disseminated when
there is trading interest with a market
price that is not offset, not when there
is marketable interest, as is currently the
practice. Second, whether NOM
disseminates an indicative price of
‘‘market’’ would no longer depend upon
the available interest being priced lower
or higher than the Near or Far Clearing
11 See
id.
NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section
8(a)(2)(A)(iv), (b)(2)(C).
13 See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
14 The Exchange provides three examples,
illustrating the operation of this new Mid-Point TieBreaker in the Notice. See id.
15 See id.
16 See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(E).
17 See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(E)(iii).
The Near and Far Clearing Prices are defined in
NASDAQ Rule 4752. For the purpose of NOM Rules
Chapter VI, Section 8, both are equal to the Current
Reference Price. See NOM Rules Chapter VI,
Section 8(a)(2)(E)(i)–(ii).
18 NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(E)(iii)
governs when this dissemination occurs.
Prices, respectively. The Exchange
believes this formulation of ‘‘market’’
will reduce any potential for confusion
about its dissemination practices.19
C. Change of the Start Time for Data
Dissemination
The Exchange also proposes to change
the time at which imbalance and
indicative price data will begin to be
disseminated.20 Currently, the Exchange
begins indicative data dissemination at
9:25 a.m. EST. However, the Exchange
represents that it has received feedback
from market participants that certain
option classes might benefit from a
different dissemination window due to
the trading characteristics of such
option classes.21 Accordingly, the
Exchange proposes to commence
dissemination of the imbalance and
indicative price data anywhere between
9:20 a.m. and 9:28 a.m. EST. The initial
default time to begin dissemination will
remain at 9:25 a.m. EST, but the
Exchange would have discretion to pick
a different time for an option class.
When the Exchange does change the
start time for data dissemination, the
new start time of imbalance and data
dissemination for such class would be
published in advance and with equal
access on the NASDAQ Trader Web
ite.22 The Exchange represents that
deviations from the default start time of
9:25 a.m. EST would be rare.23
D. Clarification of Dissemination of the
Order Imbalance Indicator
The Exchange proposes to clarify
when an Order Imbalance Indicator will
be disseminated just prior to the
opening cross.24 Currently, any time an
imbalance remains just prior to the
opening cross, the Exchange
disseminates a final Order Imbalance
Indicator. As proposed, NASDAQ
would disseminate this final Order
Imbalance Indicator only when the
imbalance contains routable trading
interest that is marketable against the
NBBO. The Exchange believes nonroutable interest is best served by being
posted on NOM after execution of the
opening cross.25 Once the cross is
12 See
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19 See
Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(b)(1) governs
when this dissemination occurs.
21 See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
22 See id.
23 See id.
24 NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(b)(5) governs
when this dissemination occurs.
25 See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590. The
Exchange states that the goal of NOM’s open is to
attract as much liquidity as possible to interact with
any orders that are marketable at the time of the
open. See id. The Exchange believes that the change
to post non-routable orders (at the NBBO) rather
than disseminating additional imbalance messages
20 NOM
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 94 / Monday, May 16, 2011 / Notices
executed and the order is posted, that
trading interest would be disseminated
as part of the Exchange’s best bid or
offer via the consolidated data feed. The
Exchange believes this broad
dissemination would better advertise
the trading interest and thereby increase
the likelihood of an execution.26
Additionally, the Exchange proposes to
clarify that, after the opening cross is
executed, all orders in the imbalance
would be cancelled, routed, or posted in
accordance with the entering party’s
instructions.
E. Establishment of a Halt Cross
Finally, in order to provide a more
orderly opening of the market after a
trading halt, the Exchange proposes to
establish an opening cross after the
termination of a trading halt.27 The
opening cross following a trading halt
would operate in the same manner as
the opening cross at the start of the
trading day, including dissemination of
the Order Imbalance Indicator, matching
algorithm, and posting or routing of
interest that remains unexecuted
following execution of the cross. The
opening cross for halted options would
differ from the opening cross only in the
time at which it occurs.28
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III. Discussion
After careful review of the proposal,
the Commission finds that the proposed
rule change is consistent with the
requirements of the Act and the rules
and regulations thereunder applicable to
a national securities exchange.29 In
provides more advertisement for the order because
it is broadcast over the consolidated quote feed
rather than just NASDAQ’s proprietary market data
feeds. See id. Additionally, for routable orders, the
Exchange would continue the current process of
advertising the order(s) via an imbalance message
on its proprietary market data feeds rather than
opening immediately and routing the order away.
By doing this, the Exchange represents that its goal
is to get the order a price that is equal to or better
than the away quoted price. See id.
26 See id.
27 When the Exchange first proposed rules for
NOM, it planned to resume trading after a halt by
conducting a ‘‘Halt Cross.’’ In response to comments
received on that proposal that the market relies on
price discovery from the underlying security rather
than on the availability of interest in a cross, the
Exchange determined to remove the Halt Cross. See
Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 57478 (March
12, 2008), 73 FR 14521 (March 18, 2008) (SR–
NASDAQ–2007–004) and (SR–NASDAQ–2007–080)
(approval order regarding NOM Rules including
Chapters III and XIV).
28 See NOM Rules Chapter V, Section 4
(providing that trading in an option that has been
the subject of a halt shall be resumed upon the
determination by Nasdaq Regulation that the
conditions which led to the halt are no longer
present or that the interests of a fair and orderly
market are best served by a resumption of trading).
29 In approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission has considered the proposed rule’s
impact on efficiency, competition, and capital
formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
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particular, the Commission finds that
the proposal is consistent with Section
6(b)(5) of the Act,30 which requires,
among other things, that the rules of an
exchange be designed to promote just
and equitable principles of trade, to
remove impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market
and a national market system, and, in
general, to protect investors and the
public interest.
The Commission believes that the
proposed elimination of the Order
Imbalance Tie-Breaker and modification
of the Mid-Point Tie-Breaker are
consistent with the Act. Although the
Exchange is eliminating the Order
Imbalance Tie Breaker and modifying
the Mid-Point Tie Breaker, the Exchange
will continue to employ a series of tiebreakers to determine the Current
Reference Price and the opening cross
price where multiple prices satisfy the
conditions for executing the opening
cross. The Exchange represents that,
since NOM was launched on March 31,
2008, it has monitored the operation of
the market to identify instances where
market efficiency can be enhanced.31
According to the Exchange, the Order
Imbalance Tie-Breaker has not proven
useful in augmenting price discovery
prior to the opening cross or in
operating an effective opening cross.32
The Exchange also believes that the
proposed modification to the Mid-Point
Tie-Breaker will more accurately
represent the supply and demand in the
market at the time of reference price
dissemination and/or auction
execution.33 The Commission believes
that the elimination of the Order
Imbalance Tie Breaker is reasonable,
given that the Exchange has not found
it to be useful in augmenting price
discovery. The Exchange is not
proposing to change the primary criteria
whereby the Current Reference Price is
calculated to be the single price at
which the maximum number of
contracts of Eligible Interest can be
paired at or within the NBBO. If more
than one price satisfies this condition,
the Exchange will continue to employ a
series of iterative tie-breakers that are
designed to facilitate an orderly
opening. Further, the proposed change
to the Mid-Point Tie-Breaker is intended
to aid in facilitating orderly openings at
30 15
U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release Nos.
57822 (May 15, 2008), 73 FR 29800 (May 22, 2008))
(SR–NASDAQ–2008–045); 57977 (June 17, 2008),
73 FR 35429 (June 23, 2008) (SR–NASDAQ–2008–
052); 60905 (Oct. 30, 2009), 74 FR 57544 (Nov. 6,
2009)) (SR–NASDAQ–2009–033). See also Notice,
supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589.
32 See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589–90.
33 See id.
31 See,
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28259
prices reflective of the market.
Accordingly, as revised, the Exchange’s
opening process will continue to be
designed to facilitate orderly openings
and encourage price discovery and
liquidity.
The Commission finds that the
proposed modification to the
dissemination of an indicative indicator
of ‘‘market buy’’ or ‘‘market sell’’ is
consistent with the Act. The Exchange
proposes to disseminate the indicative
message of ‘‘market buy’’ or ‘‘market sell’’
when there is interest with a market
price that is not offset, irrespective of
the Near or Far Clearing Prices.
Currently, such message is disseminated
only when there is marketable interest
depending on whether the available
interest is lower or higher than the Near
or Far Clearing Prices, respectively. This
change is intended to reduce any
potential for confusion regarding the
meaning of an indicator that specifies
‘‘market.’’ 34 The Commission believes
that NASDAQ’s revised dissemination
of a ‘‘market’’ indicator in connection
with its opening process will benefit
investors and improve transparency by
providing market participants with
useful information during the opening
cross.
The Commission finds that the
proposed change to allow NOM to select
a different start time for imbalance and
indicative data dissemination for a class
within the window of 9:20 a.m. and 9:28
a.m. EST is consistent with the Act.
Currently, the Exchange begins
indicative data dissemination at 9:25
a.m. EST as previously approved by the
Commission.35 The Exchange represents
that it will continue to use 9:25 a.m.
EST as the default start time and that
changes to this default start time will be
rare. The Commission notes that, if the
Exchange decides to change the start
time, then it will publish the new time
of imbalance and indicative price data
dissemination commencement in
advance on the publicly accessible
NASDAQ Trader website. This change
will give the Exchange more flexibility
to determine the most appropriate time
for data dissemination in an option class
that NASDAQ believes will be most
conducive to price discovery based on
the trading characteristics of such
option class. Further, the Commission
believes that the advance notice on the
NASDAQ Trader website of any change
in the commencement of dissemination
of imbalance and indicative price data
will continue to ensure certainty with
respect to the time of dissemination.
34 See
35 See
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Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
id.
16MYN1
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The Commission finds that the
proposed modification to the
dissemination of the final Order
Imbalance Indicator is consistent with
the Act. Currently, any time an
imbalance remains just prior to the
opening cross, the Exchange
disseminates one last Order Imbalance
Indicator. The Exchange proposes to
disseminate that final Order Imbalance
Indicator only when the imbalance
contains routable trading interest that is
marketable against the NBBO. After the
opening cross is executed, any nonroutable interest that is not cancelled
will be posted. As such, dissemination
of this interest will be broadcast via the
consolidated quote. The effect of this
change is that the Exchange will not
disseminate the very last Order
Imbalance Indicator that it would
otherwise have disseminated right
before the opening cross when the
imbalance only contains non-routable
interest. While this change could have
the effect of reducing the last message
on imbalances that the Exchange
currently sends immediately before the
opening cross, it also mitigates message
traffic for orders that the Exchange
expects would post immediately
thereafter. The Commission believes
this change will not adversely affect
transparency with respect to imbalance
information immediately prior to the
opening cross.
The Commission finds that the
proposed establishment of an opening
cross following a trading halt is
consistent with the Act. The Exchange
believes that conducting an opening
cross will provide a more orderly
opening of the market after a halt,
particularly to the extent that NOM
attracts higher levels of liquidity than it
did previously.36 The Commission notes
that the halt cross will operate in the
same manner as the opening cross. It is
also consistent with the use of an
opening cross following a trading halt
on NASDAQ’s equities platform.37 The
Commission notes that similar auctions
are used by other options markets
following a trading halt.38 The
Commission believes that the adoption
of a halt cross is designed to provide for
36 See
id. at 18591.
NASDAQ Rule 4753.
38 See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No.
54238 (July 28, 2006), 71 FR 44758, 44762 (August
7, 2006) (SR–NYSEArca–2006–13) (approving the
OX Trading Platform, including trading auctions
following halts, for NYSE Arca, Inc. (‘‘NYSE Arca’’));
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 59472
(February 27, 2009), 74 FR 9843, 9851 (March 6,
2009) (SR–NYSEALTR–2008–14) (finding that
NYSE Alternext US LLC’s (now NYSE Amex LLC)
rules on trading auctions and procedures for trading
halts are closely modeled on the rules of NYSE Arca
and consistent with the Act).
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37 See
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a fair and orderly re-opening of the
market and contribute to the quality of
executions following a trading halt.
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,39 that the
proposed rule change (SR–NASDAQ–
2011–037) be, and hereby is, approved.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.40
Cathy H. Ahn,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011–11919 Filed 5–13–11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–64451; File No. SR–Phlx–
2011–59]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice
of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness
of Proposed Rule Change by NASDAQ
OMX PHLX LLC Relating to Inactive
Nominees
May 10, 2011.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that, on May 3,
2011, NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC (‘‘Phlx’’
or ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission
(‘‘Commission’’) the proposed rule
change as described in Items I, II, and
III below, which Items have been
prepared by the Exchange. The
Commission is publishing this notice to
solicit comments on the proposed rule
change from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to codify its
existing procedures to designate an
Inactive Nominee as an effective permit
holder and make other non-substantive
clarifying changes to the text of Rule
925 titled ‘‘Inactive Nominees.’’ 3
U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 The term ‘‘inactive nominee’’ means a natural
person associated with and designated as such by
a member organization and who has been approved
for such status and is registered as such with the
Membership Department. An Inactive Nominee
shall have no rights or privileges under a permit
unless and until said Inactive Nominee becomes
admitted as a member of the Exchange pursuant to
the By-Laws and Rules of the Exchange. An Inactive
Nominee merely stands ready to exercise rights
under a permit upon notice by the member
organization to the Membership Department on an
expedited basis. See Exchange Rule 1(i) [sic].
The Exchange is also proposing to
amend certain typographical errors in
Exchange Rules 1 and 124 and By-Law
Article II.
The text of the proposed rule change
is available on the Exchange’s Web site
at https://nasdaqtrader.com/
micro.aspx?id=PHLXfilings, at the
principal office of the Exchange, at the
Commission’s Public Reference Room,
and on the Commission’s Web site at
https://www.sec.gov.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for
the proposed rule change and discussed
any comments it received on the
proposed rule change. The text of these
statements may be examined at the
places specified in Item IV below. The
Exchange has prepared summaries, set
forth in sections A, B, and C below, of
the most significant aspects of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
The purpose of the proposed rule
change is to codify the Exchange’s
existing procedures for designating an
Inactive Nominee as an effective permit
holder. Additionally, the Exchange is
proposing to amend the text of Rule 925
to delete irrelevant and repetitive rule
language.
Rule 925 titled ‘‘Inactive Nominees’’
states that a member organization may
designate an individual as an ‘‘Inactive
Nominee’’ and shall pay for the privilege
of maintaining that status.4 Further, to
be eligible as an Inactive Nominee, an
individual must be approved as eligible
to hold a permit in accordance with the
Exchange’s By-Laws and Rules.
Pursuant to Rule 925, an Inactive
Nominee does not have any rights or
39 15
40 17
PO 00000
Frm 00052
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
4 The Exchange assesses an Inactive Nominee Fee
of $500 for every six months and a monthly Trading
Floor Personnel Registration Fee of $100 on Inactive
Nominees. See the Exchange’s Fee Schedule. An
Inactive Nominee is also assessed the Application
and Initiation Fees when such person applies to be
an Inactive Nominee. Such fees are reassessed if
there is a lapse in the Inactive Nominee’s
membership status. However, an Inactive Nominee
would not be assessed the Application and
Initiation Fees if such Inactive Nominee applied for
membership without a lapse in that individual’s
association with a particular member organization.
See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64010
(March 2, 2011), 76 FR 12780 (March 8, 2011) (SR–
Phlx–2011–26).
E:\FR\FM\16MYN1.SGM
16MYN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 94 (Monday, May 16, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28257-28260]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-11919]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-64463; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2011-037]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC;
Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To Modify Chapter V, Section 4 and
Chapter VI, Section 8 of the Exchange's Rules Relating to Opening and
Halt Crosses on the NASDAQ Options Market
May 11, 2011.
I. Introduction
On March 15, 2011, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``NASDAQ'' or
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a
proposed rule change to modify the procedures for the opening of
trading at the start of the trading day and at the resumption of
trading following a trading halt on the NASDAQ Options Market
(``NOM''). The proposed rule change was published for comment in the
Federal Register on April 4, 2011.\3\ The Commission received no
comment letters regarding the proposal. This order approves the
proposed rule change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64143 (March 29,
2011), 76 FR 18589 (April 4, 2011) (``Notice'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Description of the Proposal
The Exchange proposes to modify Chapter V, Section 4 and Chapter
VI, Section 8 of the Exchange's rules (``NOM Rules'') governing the
opening of trading at the start of the trading day and at the
resumption of trading following a trading halt on NOM. Specifically,
the Exchange proposes to: (1) Eliminate one tie-breaker and modify a
second tie-breaker used to establish the Current Reference Price and
cross price; (2) modify the circumstances whereby the Exchange
disseminates an indicative indicator of ``market;'' (3) change the
start time for imbalance and indicative data dissemination; (4) clarify
when an Order Imbalance Indicator is disseminated; and (5) establish a
halt cross.
A. Elimination of the Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker and Modification of
the Mid-Point Tie-Breaker
NOM currently employs a series of tie-breakers that resolve
instances where multiple prices satisfy the conditions for
[[Page 28258]]
executing the opening cross. These tie-breakers govern the calculation
of the Current Reference Price, which is disseminated to market
participants prior to the execution of the opening cross, and the
calculation of the actual cross price.\4\ The tie-breakers are criteria
that operate in a hierarchy. If one and only one price satisfies the
first criterion, the system has no need to consider the second tie-
breaker, and, instead, the system will execute the cross. Conversely,
if multiple prices satisfy the first criterion, the algorithm turns to
the second criterion, and, if multiple prices satisfy the second
criterion, the algorithm then turns to the third criterion. Currently,
the first tie-breaker is the single price at which the maximum number
of contracts of Eligible Interest \5\ can be paired at or within the
National Best Bid and Offer (``NBBO'').\6\
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\4\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A), (b)(2).
\5\ ``Eligible Interest'' is any quotation or any order that may
be entered into the system and designated with a time-in-force of
IOC, DAY, GTC, EXPR. See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(4).
\6\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A)(i), (b)(2)(A).
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The Exchange proposes to eliminate what currently serves as the
second tie-breaker (the ``Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker'').\7\
Specifically, under this second tie-breaker, when more than one price
satisfies the first condition for the opening cross, the system will
choose the price which minimizes the order imbalance remaining if the
cross were to be executed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A)(ii), (b)(2)(B).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Exchange represents that it has determined to eliminate the
Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker because it has not proven useful in
augmenting price discovery prior to the cross or in operating an
effective opening cross.\8\ The Exchange noted that it initially
adopted the Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker based upon its successful use
in the equities opening cross.\9\ However, the Exchange believes that,
in its experience, the Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker has not performed
well for the options cross because imbalances occur less often in the
options market and such imbalances generally are much smaller in size
than in the equities market.\10\ As a result, the Exchange believes
that the size of an imbalance in an options cross rarely provides a
meaningful basis for distinguishing between multiple prices at which a
cross could occur and that elimination of the Order Imbalance Tie-
Breaker would not hinder price discovery and would allow the Exchange
to focus the cross on the most relevant criteria.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589-90.
\9\ See id. at 18590.
\10\ See id.
\11\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, the Exchange is proposing to modify the current third
tie-breaker (the ``Mid-Point Tie-Breaker'').\12\ Rather than choosing
the mid-point of the NBBO, as happens today under this tie-breaker, the
Exchange would choose a price that it believes more accurately
represents the supply and demand in the market at the time of reference
price dissemination and/or auction execution.\13\ To achieve that end,
the Exchange would set a minimum threshold price, based on the higher
of the last-crossed NOM offer or the National Best Bid, and a maximum
threshold price, based on the lower of the last-crossed NOM bid or the
National Best Offer. The mid-point (in $0.01 increments) of those
threshold prices would be the Current Reference Price or opening cross
price if this Mid-Point Tie-Breaker were reached.\14\ The Exchange
believes that this formulation would improve price discovery and
execution quality.\15\
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\12\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(A)(iv),
(b)(2)(C).
\13\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
\14\ The Exchange provides three examples, illustrating the
operation of this new Mid-Point Tie-Breaker in the Notice. See id.
\15\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Modification of Indicative Indicator Dissemination of ``Market''
The indicative price is the price at which the NOM opening cross
would occur if the opening cross were to occur at that time.\16\ The
Exchange disseminates an indicative indicator for ``market buy'' or
``market sell'' if marketable buy (sell) contracts would remain
unexecuted above (below) the Near or Far Clearing Prices,
respectively.\17\ The Exchange proposes to modify when an indicative
inidcator is disseminated with a price of ``market buy'' or ``market
sell.'' \18\ First, such message would be disseminated when there is
trading interest with a market price that is not offset, not when there
is marketable interest, as is currently the practice. Second, whether
NOM disseminates an indicative price of ``market'' would no longer
depend upon the available interest being priced lower or higher than
the Near or Far Clearing Prices, respectively. The Exchange believes
this formulation of ``market'' will reduce any potential for confusion
about its dissemination practices.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(E).
\17\ See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(E)(iii). The Near
and Far Clearing Prices are defined in NASDAQ Rule 4752. For the
purpose of NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8, both are equal to the
Current Reference Price. See NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section
8(a)(2)(E)(i)-(ii).
\18\ NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(a)(2)(E)(iii) governs when
this dissemination occurs.
\19\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
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C. Change of the Start Time for Data Dissemination
The Exchange also proposes to change the time at which imbalance
and indicative price data will begin to be disseminated.\20\ Currently,
the Exchange begins indicative data dissemination at 9:25 a.m. EST.
However, the Exchange represents that it has received feedback from
market participants that certain option classes might benefit from a
different dissemination window due to the trading characteristics of
such option classes.\21\ Accordingly, the Exchange proposes to commence
dissemination of the imbalance and indicative price data anywhere
between 9:20 a.m. and 9:28 a.m. EST. The initial default time to begin
dissemination will remain at 9:25 a.m. EST, but the Exchange would have
discretion to pick a different time for an option class. When the
Exchange does change the start time for data dissemination, the new
start time of imbalance and data dissemination for such class would be
published in advance and with equal access on the NASDAQ Trader Web
ite.\22\ The Exchange represents that deviations from the default start
time of 9:25 a.m. EST would be rare.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(b)(1) governs when this
dissemination occurs.
\21\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
\22\ See id.
\23\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Clarification of Dissemination of the Order Imbalance Indicator
The Exchange proposes to clarify when an Order Imbalance Indicator
will be disseminated just prior to the opening cross.\24\ Currently,
any time an imbalance remains just prior to the opening cross, the
Exchange disseminates a final Order Imbalance Indicator. As proposed,
NASDAQ would disseminate this final Order Imbalance Indicator only when
the imbalance contains routable trading interest that is marketable
against the NBBO. The Exchange believes non-routable interest is best
served by being posted on NOM after execution of the opening cross.\25\
Once the cross is
[[Page 28259]]
executed and the order is posted, that trading interest would be
disseminated as part of the Exchange's best bid or offer via the
consolidated data feed. The Exchange believes this broad dissemination
would better advertise the trading interest and thereby increase the
likelihood of an execution.\26\ Additionally, the Exchange proposes to
clarify that, after the opening cross is executed, all orders in the
imbalance would be cancelled, routed, or posted in accordance with the
entering party's instructions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ NOM Rules Chapter VI, Section 8(b)(5) governs when this
dissemination occurs.
\25\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590. The Exchange
states that the goal of NOM's open is to attract as much liquidity
as possible to interact with any orders that are marketable at the
time of the open. See id. The Exchange believes that the change to
post non-routable orders (at the NBBO) rather than disseminating
additional imbalance messages provides more advertisement for the
order because it is broadcast over the consolidated quote feed
rather than just NASDAQ's proprietary market data feeds. See id.
Additionally, for routable orders, the Exchange would continue the
current process of advertising the order(s) via an imbalance message
on its proprietary market data feeds rather than opening immediately
and routing the order away. By doing this, the Exchange represents
that its goal is to get the order a price that is equal to or better
than the away quoted price. See id.
\26\ See id.
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E. Establishment of a Halt Cross
Finally, in order to provide a more orderly opening of the market
after a trading halt, the Exchange proposes to establish an opening
cross after the termination of a trading halt.\27\ The opening cross
following a trading halt would operate in the same manner as the
opening cross at the start of the trading day, including dissemination
of the Order Imbalance Indicator, matching algorithm, and posting or
routing of interest that remains unexecuted following execution of the
cross. The opening cross for halted options would differ from the
opening cross only in the time at which it occurs.\28\
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\27\ When the Exchange first proposed rules for NOM, it planned
to resume trading after a halt by conducting a ``Halt Cross.'' In
response to comments received on that proposal that the market
relies on price discovery from the underlying security rather than
on the availability of interest in a cross, the Exchange determined
to remove the Halt Cross. See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos.
57478 (March 12, 2008), 73 FR 14521 (March 18, 2008) (SR-NASDAQ-
2007-004) and (SR-NASDAQ-2007-080) (approval order regarding NOM
Rules including Chapters III and XIV).
\28\ See NOM Rules Chapter V, Section 4 (providing that trading
in an option that has been the subject of a halt shall be resumed
upon the determination by Nasdaq Regulation that the conditions
which led to the halt are no longer present or that the interests of
a fair and orderly market are best served by a resumption of
trading).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. Discussion
After careful review of the proposal, the Commission finds that the
proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and
the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a national
securities exchange.\29\ In particular, the Commission finds that the
proposal is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\30\ which
requires, among other things, that the rules of an exchange be designed
to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and
a national market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the
public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition,
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
\30\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission believes that the proposed elimination of the Order
Imbalance Tie-Breaker and modification of the Mid-Point Tie-Breaker are
consistent with the Act. Although the Exchange is eliminating the Order
Imbalance Tie Breaker and modifying the Mid-Point Tie Breaker, the
Exchange will continue to employ a series of tie-breakers to determine
the Current Reference Price and the opening cross price where multiple
prices satisfy the conditions for executing the opening cross. The
Exchange represents that, since NOM was launched on March 31, 2008, it
has monitored the operation of the market to identify instances where
market efficiency can be enhanced.\31\ According to the Exchange, the
Order Imbalance Tie-Breaker has not proven useful in augmenting price
discovery prior to the opening cross or in operating an effective
opening cross.\32\ The Exchange also believes that the proposed
modification to the Mid-Point Tie-Breaker will more accurately
represent the supply and demand in the market at the time of reference
price dissemination and/or auction execution.\33\ The Commission
believes that the elimination of the Order Imbalance Tie Breaker is
reasonable, given that the Exchange has not found it to be useful in
augmenting price discovery. The Exchange is not proposing to change the
primary criteria whereby the Current Reference Price is calculated to
be the single price at which the maximum number of contracts of
Eligible Interest can be paired at or within the NBBO. If more than one
price satisfies this condition, the Exchange will continue to employ a
series of iterative tie-breakers that are designed to facilitate an
orderly opening. Further, the proposed change to the Mid-Point Tie-
Breaker is intended to aid in facilitating orderly openings at prices
reflective of the market. Accordingly, as revised, the Exchange's
opening process will continue to be designed to facilitate orderly
openings and encourage price discovery and liquidity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\31\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 57822 (May
15, 2008), 73 FR 29800 (May 22, 2008)) (SR-NASDAQ-2008-045); 57977
(June 17, 2008), 73 FR 35429 (June 23, 2008) (SR-NASDAQ-2008-052);
60905 (Oct. 30, 2009), 74 FR 57544 (Nov. 6, 2009)) (SR-NASDAQ-2009-
033). See also Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589.
\32\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18589-90.
\33\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission finds that the proposed modification to the
dissemination of an indicative indicator of ``market buy'' or ``market
sell'' is consistent with the Act. The Exchange proposes to disseminate
the indicative message of ``market buy'' or ``market sell'' when there
is interest with a market price that is not offset, irrespective of the
Near or Far Clearing Prices. Currently, such message is disseminated
only when there is marketable interest depending on whether the
available interest is lower or higher than the Near or Far Clearing
Prices, respectively. This change is intended to reduce any potential
for confusion regarding the meaning of an indicator that specifies
``market.'' \34\ The Commission believes that NASDAQ's revised
dissemination of a ``market'' indicator in connection with its opening
process will benefit investors and improve transparency by providing
market participants with useful information during the opening cross.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ See Notice, supra note 3, 76 FR at 18590.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission finds that the proposed change to allow NOM to
select a different start time for imbalance and indicative data
dissemination for a class within the window of 9:20 a.m. and 9:28 a.m.
EST is consistent with the Act. Currently, the Exchange begins
indicative data dissemination at 9:25 a.m. EST as previously approved
by the Commission.\35\ The Exchange represents that it will continue to
use 9:25 a.m. EST as the default start time and that changes to this
default start time will be rare. The Commission notes that, if the
Exchange decides to change the start time, then it will publish the new
time of imbalance and indicative price data dissemination commencement
in advance on the publicly accessible NASDAQ Trader website. This
change will give the Exchange more flexibility to determine the most
appropriate time for data dissemination in an option class that NASDAQ
believes will be most conducive to price discovery based on the trading
characteristics of such option class. Further, the Commission believes
that the advance notice on the NASDAQ Trader website of any change in
the commencement of dissemination of imbalance and indicative price
data will continue to ensure certainty with respect to the time of
dissemination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 28260]]
The Commission finds that the proposed modification to the
dissemination of the final Order Imbalance Indicator is consistent with
the Act. Currently, any time an imbalance remains just prior to the
opening cross, the Exchange disseminates one last Order Imbalance
Indicator. The Exchange proposes to disseminate that final Order
Imbalance Indicator only when the imbalance contains routable trading
interest that is marketable against the NBBO. After the opening cross
is executed, any non-routable interest that is not cancelled will be
posted. As such, dissemination of this interest will be broadcast via
the consolidated quote. The effect of this change is that the Exchange
will not disseminate the very last Order Imbalance Indicator that it
would otherwise have disseminated right before the opening cross when
the imbalance only contains non-routable interest. While this change
could have the effect of reducing the last message on imbalances that
the Exchange currently sends immediately before the opening cross, it
also mitigates message traffic for orders that the Exchange expects
would post immediately thereafter. The Commission believes this change
will not adversely affect transparency with respect to imbalance
information immediately prior to the opening cross.
The Commission finds that the proposed establishment of an opening
cross following a trading halt is consistent with the Act. The Exchange
believes that conducting an opening cross will provide a more orderly
opening of the market after a halt, particularly to the extent that NOM
attracts higher levels of liquidity than it did previously.\36\ The
Commission notes that the halt cross will operate in the same manner as
the opening cross. It is also consistent with the use of an opening
cross following a trading halt on NASDAQ's equities platform.\37\ The
Commission notes that similar auctions are used by other options
markets following a trading halt.\38\ The Commission believes that the
adoption of a halt cross is designed to provide for a fair and orderly
re-opening of the market and contribute to the quality of executions
following a trading halt.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\36\ See id. at 18591.
\37\ See NASDAQ Rule 4753.
\38\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 54238 (July
28, 2006), 71 FR 44758, 44762 (August 7, 2006) (SR-NYSEArca-2006-13)
(approving the OX Trading Platform, including trading auctions
following halts, for NYSE Arca, Inc. (``NYSE Arca'')); Securities
Exchange Act Release No. 59472 (February 27, 2009), 74 FR 9843, 9851
(March 6, 2009) (SR-NYSEALTR-2008-14) (finding that NYSE Alternext
US LLC's (now NYSE Amex LLC) rules on trading auctions and
procedures for trading halts are closely modeled on the rules of
NYSE Arca and consistent with the Act).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\39\ that the proposed rule change (SR-NASDAQ-2011-037) be, and
hereby is, approved.
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\39\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\40\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\40\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Cathy H. Ahn,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011-11919 Filed 5-13-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P