Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Establish a Program for Managed Data Solutions, 69717-69722 [2010-28548]
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 219 / Monday, November 15, 2010 / Notices
Total annual responses: 100.
Total annual reporting hours: 33.
Additional Information or Comments:
Copies of the forms and supporting
documents can be obtained from
Charles Mierzwa, the agency clearance
officer (312–751–3363) or
Charles.Mierzwa@rrb.gov.
Comments regarding the information
collection should be addressed to
Patricia Henaghan, Railroad Retirement
Board, 844 North Rush Street, Chicago,
Illinois 60611–2092 or
Patricia.Henaghan@rrb.gov and to the
OMB Desk Officer for the RRB, at the
Office of Management and Budget,
Room 10230, New Executive Office
Building, Washington, DC 20503.
Charles Mierzwa,
Clearance Officer.
[FR Doc. 2010–28600 Filed 11–12–10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7905–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[File No. 500–1]
In the Matter of: Edentify, Inc., Embryo
Development Corp., Enclaves Group,
Inc., Energytec, Inc., Enesco Group,
Inc., Entertainment Is Us, Inc., Entrada
Networks, Inc., Entropin, Inc., Epic
Financial Corp., Epicus
Communications Group, Inc., Epixtar
Corp., Equisure, Inc., Equus Gaming
Co., and Evans, Inc. (n/k/a Fur
Company A), Order of Suspension of
Trading
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
November 10, 2010.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Edentify,
Inc. because it has not filed any periodic
reports since the period ended
September 30, 2007.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Embryo
Development Corp. because it has not
filed any periodic reports since the
period ended July 31, 2006.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Enclaves
Group, Inc. because it has not filed any
periodic reports since the period ended
September 30, 2006.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Energytec,
Inc. because it has not filed any periodic
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18:04 Nov 12, 2010
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reports since the period ended
September 30, 2007.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Enesco
Group, Inc. because it has not filed any
periodic reports since the period ended
September 30, 2006.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of
Entertainment Is Us, Inc. because it has
not filed any periodic reports since the
period ended June 30, 2006.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Entrada
Networks, Inc. because it has not filed
any periodic reports since the period
ended April 30, 2005.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Entropin,
Inc. because it has not filed any periodic
reports since the period ended
September 30, 2006.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Epic
Financial Corp. because it has not filed
any periodic reports since the period
ended July 31, 2005.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Epicus
Communications Group, Inc. because it
has not filed any periodic reports since
the period ended November 30, 2007.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Epixtar
Corp. because it has not filed any
periodic reports since the period ended
June 30, 2005.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Equisure,
Inc. because it has not filed any periodic
reports since the period ended
September 30, 1997.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Equus
Gaming Co. because it has not filed any
periodic reports since the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2002.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning the securities of Evans, Inc.
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(n/k/a Fur Company A) because it has
not filed any periodic reports since the
period ended November 28, 1998.
The Commission is of the opinion that
the public interest and the protection of
investors require a suspension of trading
in the securities of the above-listed
companies.
Therefore, it is ordered, pursuant to
Section 12(k) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, that trading in the
securities of the above-listed companies
is suspended for the period from 9:30
a.m. EST on November 10, 2010,
through 11:59 p.m. EST on November
23, 2010.
By the Commission.
Jill M. Peterson,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010–28775 Filed 11–10–10; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–63276; File No. SR–
NASDAQ–2010–138]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of
Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of
a Proposed Rule Change To Establish
a Program for Managed Data Solutions
November 8, 2010.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’) 1, and Rule 19b–4 thereunder, 2
notice is hereby given that on October
25, 2010, The NASDAQ Stock Market
LLC (‘‘Nasdaq’’ or ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with
the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’)
the proposed rule change as described
in Items I, II, and III below, which Items
have been prepared by Nasdaq. The
Commission is publishing this notice to
solicit comments on the proposed rule
from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of the Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change
Nasdaq proposes to establish a
program for Managed Data Solutions.
The text of the proposed rule change
is below. Proposed new language is
italicized; proposed deletions are in
[brackets].3
*
*
*
*
*
7026. Distribution Models [Reserved]
(a) Reserved
(b) Managed Data Solutions
1 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 Changes are marked to the rule text that appears
in the electronic Nasdaq Manual found at https://
nasdaqomx.cchwallstreet.com.
2 17
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 219 / Monday, November 15, 2010 / Notices
The charges to be paid by Distributors
and Subscribers of Managed Data
Solutions products containing Nasdaq
Depth data shall be:
Fee schedule for Managed Data Solutions
Price
Managed Data Solution ..................................................................................................................................................
Administration Fee (for the right to offer Managed Data Solutions to client organizations).
Nasdaq Depth Data ........................................................................................................................................................
Professional Subscriber Fee (Internal Use Only and includes TotalView, Level 2, OpenView).
Nasdaq Depth Data ........................................................................................................................................................
Non-Professional Subscriber (Internal Use Only and includes TotalView, Level 2, OpenView).
*
(d) Reserved
*
*
*
*
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission,
Nasdaq included statements concerning
the purpose of and basis for the
proposed rule change and discussed any
comments it received on the proposed
rule change. The text of these statements
may be examined at the places specified
in Item IV below. Nasdaq has prepared
summaries, set forth in sections A, B,
and C below, of the most significant
aspects of such statements.
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
Nasdaq is proposing to create a new
data distribution model (a Managed
Data Feed Solution) to further the
distribution of Nasdaq TotalView,
Nasdaq OpenView and/or Nasdaq Level
2 Information (collectively, ‘‘Nasdaq
Depth Information’’). It offers a new
delivery method available to firms
seeking simplified market data
administration. The Managed Data
Solution may be offered by Distributors
to clients and/or client organizations
that are using the Nasdaq Depth
Information internally. This new pricing
and administrative option is in response
to industry demand, as well as due to
changes in the technology use [sic] to
distribute market data. Distributors
offering Managed Data Solutions
continue to be fee liable for the
applicable distributor fees for the
receipt and distribution of the Nasdaq
Depth Information.
A Managed Data Solution is a delivery
option that will assess a new, innovative
fee schedule to Distributors of Nasdaq
Depth Information that provide data
feed solutions such as an Application
Programming Interface (API) or similar
automated delivery solutions to
recipients with only limited entitlement
controls (e.g., usernames and/or
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passwords) (‘‘Managed Data
Recipients’’). However, the Distributor
must first agree to reformat, redisplay
and/or alter the Nasdaq Depth
Information prior to retransmission, but
not to affect the integrity of the Nasdaq
Depth Information and not to render it
inaccurate, unfair, uninformative,
fictitious, misleading, or discriminatory.
A Managed Data Solution is any
retransmission data product containing
Nasdaq Depth Information offered by a
Distributor where the Distributor
manages and monitors, but does not
necessarily control, the information.
However, the Distributor does maintain
contracts with the Managed Data
Recipients and is liable for any
unauthorized use by the Managed Data
Recipients under a Managed Data
Solution. The recipient of a Managed
Data Solution may use the information
for internal purposes only and may not
distribute the information outside of
their [sic] organization.
In the past, Nasdaq has considered
this type of retransmission to be an
uncontrolled data product if the
Distributor does not control both the
entitlements and the display of the
information. Over the last ten years,
Distributors have improved the
technical delivery and monitoring of
data and the Managed Data Solution
offering responds to an industry need to
administer these new types of technical
deliveries.
Currently, Nasdaq charges Managed
Data Recipients who receive a Managed
Data Solution the same distributor fees
as a recipient of an uncontrolled data
product. Some Distributors believe that
the Managed Data Solution is a better
controlled data product and as such
should not be subject to the same rates
as a data feed. However, the Distributors
may only have contractual control over
the data and may not be able to verify
how Managed Data Recipients are
actually using the data at least without
involvement of the Managed Data
Recipient. Some Distributors have even
held-off on deployment of new Nasdaq
product offerings, pending the
resolution to this matter. Thus, offering
a Managed Data Solution fee schedule
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$1,500/mo Per Distributor.
$300/mo Per Subscriber.
$60/mo Per Subscriber.
would not only result in Nasdaq offering
lower fees for existing Managed Data
Recipients utilizing a Managed Data
Solution, but will allow new
Distributors to deliver Managed Data
Solutions to new clients, thereby
increasing transparency of the market.
Nasdaq proposes to establish a
program to offer the Managed Data
Solution to Distributors that assist in the
management of the uncontrolled data
product on behalf of their Managed Data
Recipients by contractually restricting
the data flow and monitoring the
delivery.
2. Statutory Basis
Nasdaq believes that the proposed
rule change is consistent with the
provisions of Section 6 of the Act,4 in
general, and with Section 6(b)(4) of the
Act,5 in particular, in that it provides an
equitable allocation of reasonable fees
among users and recipients of Nasdaq
data. In adopting Regulation NMS, the
Commission granted self-regulatory
organizations and broker-dealers
increased authority and flexibility to
offer new and unique market data to the
public. It was believed that this
authority would expand the amount of
data available to consumers, and also
spur innovation and competition for the
provision of market data.
The Commission concluded that
Regulation NMS—by deregulating the
market in proprietary data—would itself
further the Act’s goals of facilitating
efficiency and competition:
[E]fficiency is promoted when brokerdealers who do not need the data beyond the
prices, sizes, market center identifications of
the NBBO and consolidated last sale
information are not required to receive (and
pay for) such data. The Commission also
believes that efficiency is promoted when
broker-dealers may choose to receive (and
pay for) additional market data based on their
own internal analysis of the need for such
data.6
By removing ‘‘unnecessary regulatory
restrictions’’ on the ability of exchanges
4 15
U.S.C. 78f.
U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
6 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51808
(June 9, 2005), 70 FR 37496 (June 29, 2005).
5 15
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to sell their own data, Regulation NMS
advanced the goals of the Act and the
principles reflected in its legislative
history. If the free market should
determine whether proprietary data is
sold to broker-dealers at all, it follows
that the price at which such data is sold
should be set by the market as well.
On July 21, 2010, President Barack
Obama signed into law H.R. 4173, the
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and
Consumer Protection Act of 2010
(‘‘Dodd-Frank Act’’), which amended
Section 19 of the Act. Among other
things, Section 916 of the Dodd-Frank
Act amended paragraph (A) of Section
19(b)(3) of the Act by inserting the
phrase ‘‘on any person, whether or not
the person is a member of the selfregulatory organization’’ after ‘‘due, fee
or other charge imposed by the selfregulatory organization.’’ As a result, all
SRO rule proposals establishing or
changing dues, fees, or other charges are
immediately effective upon filing
regardless of whether such dues, fees, or
other charges are imposed on members
of the SRO, non-members, or both.
Section 916 further amended paragraph
(C) of Section 19(b)(3) of the Exchange
Act to read, in pertinent part, ‘‘At any
time within the 60-day period beginning
on the date of filing of such a proposed
rule change in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph (1) [of Section
19(b)], the Commission summarily may
temporarily suspend the change in the
rules of the self-regulatory organization
made thereby, if it appears to the
Commission that such action is
necessary or appropriate in the public
interest, for the protection of investors,
or otherwise in furtherance of the
purposes of this title. If the Commission
takes such action, the Commission shall
institute proceedings under paragraph
(2)(B) [of Section 19(b)] to determine
whether the proposed rule should be
approved or disapproved.’’
Nasdaq believes that these
amendments to Section 19 of the Act
reflect Congress’s intent to allow the
Commission to rely upon the forces of
competition to ensure that fees for
market data are reasonable and
equitably allocated. Although Section
19(b) had formerly authorized
immediate effectiveness for a ‘‘due, fee
or other charge imposed by the selfregulatory organization,’’ the
Commission adopted a policy and
subsequently a rule stipulating that fees
for data and other products available to
persons that are not members of the selfregulatory organization must be
approved by the Commission after first
being published for comment. At the
time, the Commission supported the
adoption of the policy and the rule by
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pointing out that unlike members,
whose representation in self-regulatory
organization governance was mandated
by the Act, non-members should be
given the opportunity to comment on
fees before being required to pay them,
and that the Commission should
specifically approve all such fees.
Nasdaq believes that the amendment to
Section 19 reflects Congress’s
conclusion that the evolution of selfregulatory organization governance and
competitive market structure have
rendered the Commission’s prior policy
on non-member fees obsolete.
Specifically, many exchanges have
evolved from member-owned not-forprofit corporations into for-profit
investor-owned corporations (or
subsidiaries of investor-owned
corporations). Accordingly, exchanges
no longer have narrow incentives to
manage their affairs for the exclusive
benefit of their members, but rather
have incentives to maximize the appeal
of their products to all customers,
whether members or non-members, so
as to broaden distribution and grow
revenues. Moreover, we believe that the
change also reflects an endorsement of
the Commission’s determinations that
reliance on competitive markets is an
appropriate means to ensure equitable
and reasonable prices. Simply put, the
change reflects a presumption that all
fee changes should be permitted to take
effect immediately, since the level of all
fees are constrained by competitive
forces.
The recent decision of the United
States Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Circuit in NetCoalition v.
SEC, No. 09–1042 (DC Cir. 2010),
although reviewing a Commission
decision made prior to the effective date
of the Dodd-Frank Act, upheld the
Commission’s reliance upon
competitive markets to set reasonable
and equitably allocated fees for market
data. ‘‘In fact, the legislative history
indicates that the Congress intended
that the market system ‘evolve through
the interplay of competitive forces as
unnecessary regulatory restrictions are
removed’ and that the SEC wield its
regulatory power ‘in those situations
where competition may not be
sufficient,’ such as in the creation of a
‘consolidated transactional reporting
system.’ ’’ NetCoalition, at 15 (quoting
H.R. Rep. No. 94–229, at 92 (1975), as
reprinted in 1975 U.S.C.C.A.N. 321,
323). The court’s conclusions about
Congressional intent are therefore
reinforced by the Dodd-Frank Act
amendments, which create a
presumption that exchange fees,
including market data fees, may take
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69719
effect immediately, without prior
Commission approval, and that the
Commission should take action to
suspend a fee change and institute a
proceeding to determine whether the fee
change should be approved or
disapproved only where the
Commission has concerns that the
change may not be consistent with the
Act.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Burden on Competition
Nasdaq does not believe that the
proposed rule change will result in any
burden on competition that is not
necessary or appropriate in furtherance
of the purposes of the Act, as amended.
Notwithstanding its determination that
the Commission may rely upon
competition to establish fair and
equitably allocated fees for market data,
the NetCoalition court found that the
Commission had not, in that case,
compiled a record that adequately
supported its conclusion that the market
for the data at issue in the case was
competitive. For the reasons discussed
above, Nasdaq believes that the DoddFrank Act amendments to Section 19
materially alter the scope of the
Commission’s review of future market
data filings, by creating a presumption
that all fees may take effect
immediately, without prior analysis by
the Commission of the competitive
environment. Even in the absence of
this important statutory change,
however, Nasdaq believes that a record
may readily be established to
demonstrate the competitive nature of
the market in question.
There is intense competition between
trading platforms that provide
transaction execution and routing
services and proprietary data products.
Transaction execution and proprietary
data products are complementary in that
market data is both an input and a
byproduct of the execution service. In
fact, market data and trade execution are
a paradigmatic example of joint
products with joint costs. The decision
whether and on which platform to post
an order will depend on the attributes
of the platform where the order can be
posted, including the execution fees,
data quality and price and distribution
of its data products. Without the
prospect of a taking order seeing and
reacting to a posted order on a particular
platform, the posting of the order would
accomplish little. Without trade
executions, exchange data products
cannot exist. Data products are valuable
to many end users only insofar as they
provide information that end users
expect will assist them or their
customers in making trading decisions.
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The costs of producing market data
include not only the costs of the data
distribution infrastructure, but also the
costs of designing, maintaining, and
operating the exchange’s transaction
execution platform and the cost of
regulating the exchange to ensure its fair
operation and maintain investor
confidence. The total return that a
trading platform earns reflects the
revenues it receives from both products
and the joint costs it incurs. Moreover,
an exchange’s customers view the costs
of transaction executions and of data as
a unified cost of doing business with the
exchange. A broker-dealer will direct
orders to a particular exchange only if
the expected revenues from executing
trades on the exchange exceed net
transaction execution costs and the cost
of data that the broker-dealer chooses to
buy to support its trading decisions (or
those of its customers). The choice of
data products is, in turn, a product of
the value of the products in making
profitable trading decisions. If the cost
of the product exceeds its expected
value, the broker-dealer will choose not
to buy it. Moreover, as a broker-dealer
chooses to direct fewer orders to a
particular exchange, the value of the
product to that broker-dealer decreases,
for two reasons. First, the product will
contain less information, because
executions of the broker-dealer’s orders
will not be reflected in it. Second, and
perhaps more important, the product
will be less valuable to that brokerdealer because it does not provide
information about the venue to which it
is directing its orders. Data from the
competing venue to which the brokerdealer is directing orders will become
correspondingly more valuable.
Thus, a super-competitive increase in
the fees charged for either transactions
or data has the potential to impair
revenues from both products. ‘‘No one
disputes that competition for order flow
is ‘fierce’.’’ NetCoalition at 24. However,
the existence of fierce competition for
order flow implies a high degree of price
sensitivity on the part of broker-dealers
with order flow, since they may readily
reduce costs by directing orders toward
the lowest-cost trading venues. A
broker-dealer that shifted its order flow
from one platform to another in
response to order execution price
differentials would both reduce the
value of that platform’s market data and
reduce its own need to consume data
from the disfavored platform. Similarly,
if a platform increases its market data
fees, the change will affect the overall
cost of doing business with the
platform, and affected broker-dealers
will assess whether they can lower their
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trading costs by directing orders
elsewhere and thereby lessening the
need for the more expensive data.
Analyzing the cost of market data
distribution in isolation from the cost of
all of the inputs supporting the creation
of market data will inevitably
underestimate the cost of the data. Thus,
because it is impossible to create data
without a fast, technologically robust,
and well-regulated execution system,
system costs and regulatory costs affect
the price of market data. It would be
equally misleading, however, to
attribute all of the exchange’s costs to
the market data portion of an exchange’s
joint product. Rather, all of the
exchange’s costs are incurred for the
unified purposes of attracting order
flow, executing and/or routing orders,
and generating and selling data about
market activity. The total return that an
exchange earns reflects the revenues it
receives from the joint products and the
total costs of the joint products.
Competition among trading platforms
can be expected to constrain the
aggregate return each platform earns
from the sale of its joint products, but
different platforms may choose from a
range of possible, and equally
reasonable, pricing strategies as the
means of recovering total costs. For
example, some platform may choose to
pay rebates to attract orders, charge
relatively low prices for market
information (or provide information free
of charge) and charge relatively high
prices for accessing posted liquidity.
Other platforms may choose a strategy
of paying lower rebates (or no rebates)
to attract orders, setting relatively high
prices for market information, and
setting relatively low prices for
accessing posted liquidity. In this
environment, there is no economic basis
for regulating maximum prices for one
of the joint products in an industry in
which suppliers face competitive
constraints with regard to the joint
offering. This would be akin to strictly
regulating the price that an automobile
manufacturer can charge for car sound
systems despite the existence of a highly
competitive market for cars and the
availability of after-market alternatives
to the manufacturer-supplied system.
The market for market data products
is competitive and inherently
contestable because there is fierce
competition for the inputs necessary to
the creation of proprietary data and
strict pricing discipline for the
proprietary products themselves.
Numerous exchanges compete with
each other for listings, trades, and
market data itself, providing virtually
limitless opportunities for entrepreneurs
who wish to produce and distribute
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their own market data. This proprietary
data is produced by each individual
exchange, as well as other entities, in a
vigorously competitive market.
Broker-dealers currently have
numerous alternative venues for their
order flow, including ten self-regulatory
organization (‘‘SRO’’) markets, as well as
internalizing broker-dealers (‘‘BDs’’) and
various forms of alternative trading
systems (‘‘ATSs’’), including dark pools
and electronic communication networks
(‘‘ECNs’’). Each SRO market competes to
produce transaction reports via trade
executions, and two FINRA-regulated
Trade Reporting Facilities (‘‘TRFs’’)
compete to attract internalized
transaction reports. Competitive markets
for order flow, executions, and
transaction reports provide pricing
discipline for the inputs of proprietary
data products.
The large number of SROs, TRFs, BDs,
and ATSs that currently produce
proprietary data or are currently capable
of producing it provides further pricing
discipline for proprietary data products.
Each SRO, TRF, ATS, and BD is
currently permitted to produce
proprietary data products, and many
currently do or have announced plans to
do so, including Nasdaq, NYSE, NYSE
Amex, NYSEArca, and BATS.
Any ATS or BD can combine with any
other ATS, BD, or multiple ATSs or BDs
to produce joint proprietary data
products. Additionally, order routers
and market data vendors can facilitate
single or multiple broker-dealers’
production of proprietary data products.
The potential sources of proprietary
products are virtually limitless.
The fact that proprietary data from
ATSs, BDs, and vendors can by-pass
SROs is significant in two respects.
First, non-SROs can compete directly
with SROs for the production and sale
of proprietary data products, as BATS
and Arca did before registering as
exchanges by publishing proprietary
book data on the Internet. Second,
because a single order or transaction
report can appear in an SRO proprietary
product, a non-SRO proprietary
product, or both, the data available in
proprietary products is exponentially
greater than the actual number of orders
and transaction reports that exist in the
marketplace.
Market data vendors provide another
form of price discipline for proprietary
data products because they control the
primary means of access to end users.
Vendors impose price restraints based
upon their business models. For
example, vendors such as Bloomberg
and Thomson Reuters that assess a
surcharge on data they sell may refuse
to offer proprietary products that end
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users will not purchase in sufficient
numbers. Internet portals, such as
Google, impose a discipline by
providing only data that will enable
them to attract ‘‘eyeballs’’ that contribute
to their advertising revenue. Retail
broker-dealers, such as Schwab and
Fidelity, offer their customers
proprietary data only if it promotes
trading and generates sufficient
commission revenue. Although the
business models may differ, these
vendors’ pricing discipline is the same:
they can simply refuse to purchase any
proprietary data product that fails to
provide sufficient value. NASDAQ and
other producers of proprietary data
products must understand and respond
to these varying business models and
pricing disciplines in order to market
proprietary data products successfully.
In addition to the competition and
price discipline described above, the
market for proprietary data products is
also highly contestable because market
entry is rapid, inexpensive, and
profitable. The history of electronic
trading is replete with examples of
entrants that swiftly grew into some of
the largest electronic trading platforms
and proprietary data producers:
Archipelago, Bloomberg Tradebook,
Island, RediBook, Attain, TracECN,
BATS Trading and Direct Edge. A
proliferation of dark pools and other
ATSs operate profitably with
fragmentary shares of consolidated
market volume.
Regulation NMS, by deregulating the
market for proprietary data, has
increased the contestability of that
market. While broker-dealers have
previously published their proprietary
data individually, Regulation NMS
encourages market data vendors and
broker-dealers to produce proprietary
products cooperatively in a manner
never before possible. Multiple market
data vendors already have the capability
to aggregate data and disseminate it on
a profitable scale, including Bloomberg,
and Thomson Reuters.
The court in NetCoalition concluded
that the Commission had failed to
demonstrate that the market for market
data was competitive based on the
reasoning of the Commission’s
NetCoalition order because, in the
court’s view, the Commission had not
adequately demonstrated that the depthof-book data at issue in the case is used
to attract order flow. Nasdaq believes,
however, that evidence not before the
court clearly demonstrates that
availability of data attracts order flow.
For example, as of July 2010, 92 of the
top 100 broker-dealers by shares
executed on Nasdaq consumed NQDS
and 80 of the top 100 broker-dealers
VerDate Mar<15>2010
18:04 Nov 12, 2010
Jkt 223001
consumed TotalView. During that
month, the NQDS-users were
responsible for 94.44% of the orders
entered into Nasdaq and TotalView
users were responsible for 92.98%.
Competition among platforms has
driven Nasdaq continually to improve
its platform data offerings and to cater
to customers’ data needs. For example,
Nasdaq has developed and maintained
multiple delivery mechanisms (IP,
multi-cast, and compression) that enable
customers to receive data in the form
and manner they prefer and at the
lowest cost to them. Nasdaq offers front
end applications such as its
‘‘Bookviewer’’ to help customers utilize
data. Nasdaq has created new products
like TotalView Aggregate to
complement TotalView ITCH and Level
2, because offering data in multiple
formatting allows Nasdaq to better fit
customer needs. Nasdaq offers data via
multiple extranet providers, thereby
helping to reduce network and total cost
for its data products. Nasdaq has
developed an online administrative
system to provide customers
transparency into their data feed
requests and streamline data usage
reporting. Nasdaq has also expanded its
Enterprise License options that reduce
the administrative burden and costs to
firms that purchase market data.
Despite these enhancements and a
dramatic increase in message traffic,
Nasdaq’s fees for market data have
remained flat. In fact, as a percent of
total customer costs, Nasdaq data fees
have fallen relative to other data usage
costs—including bandwidth,
programming, and infrastructure—that
have risen. The same holds true for
execution services; despite numerous
enhancements to Nasdaq’s trading
platform, absolute and relative trading
costs have declined. Platform
competition has intensified as new
entrants have emerged, constraining
prices for both executions and for data.
The vigor of competition for depth
information is significant and the
Exchange believes that this proposal
clearly evidences such competition.
Nasdaq is offering a new pricing model
in order to keep pace with changes in
the industry and evolving customer
needs. It is entirely optional and is
geared towards attracting new
customers, as well as retaining existing
customers.
The Exchange has witnessed
competitors creating new products and
innovative pricing in this space over the
course of the past year. Nasdaq
continues to see firms challenge its
pricing on the basis of the Exchange’s
explicit fees being higher than the zeropriced fees from other competitors such
PO 00000
Frm 00103
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
69721
as BATS. In all cases, firms make
decisions on how much and what types
of data to consume on the basis of the
total cost of interacting with Nasdaq or
other exchanges. Of course, the explicit
data fees are but one factor in a total
platform analysis. Some competitors
have lower transactions fees and higher
data fees, and others are vice versa. The
market for this depth information is
highly competitive and continually
evolves as products develop and
change.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received From
Members, Participants, or Others
No written comments were either
solicited or received.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
The foregoing rule change has become
effective pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act.7 At any time
within 60 days of the filing of the
proposed rule change, the Commission
summarily may temporarily suspend
such rule change if it appears to the
Commission that such action is
necessary or appropriate in the public
interest, for the protection of investors,
or otherwise in furtherance of the
purposes of the Act. If the Commission
takes such action, the Commission shall
institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule should be
approved or disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an e-mail to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2010–138 on the
subject line.
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2010–138. This
7 15
E:\FR\FM\15NON1.SGM
U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(a)(ii).
15NON1
69722
Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 219 / Monday, November 15, 2010 / Notices
file number should be included on the
subject line if e-mail is used.
To help the Commission process and
review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The
Commission will post all comments on
the Commission’s Internet Web site
(https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml).
Copies of the submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room on official business
days between the hours of 10 a.m. and
3 p.m. Copies of such filing also will be
available for inspection and copying at
the principal offices of the Exchange.
All comments received will be posted
without change; the Commission does
not edit personal identifying
information from submissions. You
should submit only information that
you wish to make available publicly. All
submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NASDAQ–2010–138, and
should be submitted on or before
December 6, 2010.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.8
Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010–28548 Filed 11–12–10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
[Release No. 34–63274; File No. SR–
NYSEAmex–2010–101]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE
Amex LLC; Notice of Filing and
Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed
Rule Change Amending Its Options
Fee Schedule To Reflect Fees Charged
for Co-location Services
srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with NOTICES
November 8, 2010.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) 1 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
‘‘Act’’) 2 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,3
notice is hereby given that, on October
26, 2010, NYSE Amex LLC (‘‘NYSE
Amex’’ or the ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the
8 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C.78s(b)(1).
2 15 U.S.C. 78a.
3 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
1 15
18:04 Nov 12, 2010
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to amend its
Options Fee Schedule to reflect fees
charged for co-location services, as
described more fully herein. The text of
the proposed rule change is available at
the Exchange, the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, on the Commission’s
Web site at https://www.sec.gov, and
https://www.nyse.com.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
self-regulatory organization included
statements concerning the purpose of,
and basis for, the proposed rule change
and discussed any comments it received
on the proposed rule change. The text
of those statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below.
The Exchange has prepared summaries,
set forth in sections A, B, and C below,
of the most significant parts of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and the
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
VerDate Mar<15>2010
Securities and Exchange Commission
(the ‘‘Commission’’) the proposed rule
change as described in Items I and II
below, which Items have been prepared
by the self-regulatory organization. The
Commission is publishing this notice to
solicit comments on the proposed rule
change from interested persons.
Jkt 223001
The Exchange proposes to amend its
Options Fee Schedule to identify fees
pertaining to co-location services, which
allow Users 4 of the Exchange to rent
space on premises controlled by the
Exchange in order that they may locate
their electronic servers in close physical
proximity to the Exchange’s trading and
execution systems.5 The Exchange plans
to offer these co-location services
4 For the purposes of this filing, the term ‘‘Users’’
includes any ‘‘ATP Holder,’’ as that term is defined
in NYSE Amex (Options) Rule 900.2NY(4) and any
‘‘Sponsored Participant,’’ as that term is defined in
NYSE Amex (Options) Rule 900.2NY(77).
5 The Commission has approved proposed rule
filings submitted by the Exchange (with respect to
its equities business) and the Exchange’s affiliate,
the New York Stock Exchange LLC to offer the same
co-location services from the Mahwah data center
at the same prices. See Securities Exchange Act
Release No. 62961 (September 21, 2010), 75 FR
59299 (September 27, 2010) (SR–NYSE–2010–56);
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 62960
(September 21, 2010) 75 FR 59310 (September 27,
2010) (SR–NYSEAmex–2010–80).
PO 00000
Frm 00104
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
beginning in January 2011 at its data
center in Mahwah New Jersey.6 The
Exchange will offer space at the data
center in cabinets with power usage
capability of either four or eight
kilowatts (kW).7 In addition, the
Exchange will offer Users services
related to co-location, including cross
connections, equipment and cable
installation, and remote ‘‘hot-hands’’
services.
Users that receive co-location services
from the Exchange will not receive any
means of access to the Exchange’s
trading and execution systems that is
separate from or superior to that of
Users that do not receive co-location
services. All orders sent to the Exchange
enter the Exchange’s trading and
execution systems through the same
order gateway regardless of whether the
sender is co-located in the Exchange’s
data center or not. In addition, colocated Users do not receive any market
data or data service product that is not
available to all Users. However, Users
that receive co-location services
normally would expect reduced
latencies in sending orders to the
Exchange and receiving market data
from the Exchange. In addition, colocated Users have the option of
obtaining access to the Exchange’s
Liquidity Center Network (‘‘LCN’’), a
local area network available in the data
center.8 Co-located Users have the
option of using either the LCN or the
Exchange’s Secure Financial
Transaction Infrastructure (‘‘SFTI’’)
network, to which all Users have access.
Because it operates as a local area
network within the data center, the LCN
provides reduced latencies in
comparison with SFTI. Other than the
6 The Exchange will announce the effective date
of the fees set forth in this proposed rule change
through a notice to Users.
7 The Exchange also allows Users, for a monthly
fee (i.e., 40% of the applicable monthly per kW fee),
to obtain an option for future use on available,
unused cabinet space in proximity to their existing
cabinet space. Specifically, Users may reserve
cabinet space of up to 30% of the cabinet space
under contract, which the Exchange will endeavor
to provide as close as reasonably possible to the
User’s existing cabinet space, taking into
consideration power availability within segments of
the data center and the overall efficiency of use of
data center resources as determined by the
Exchange. (If the 30% measurement results in a
fractional cabinet, the cabinet count is adjusted up
to the next increment.) If reserved cabinet space
becomes needed for use, the reserving User will
have 30 business days to formally contract with the
Exchange for full payment for the reserved cabinet
space needed or the space will be reassigned.
8 As set forth below, pricing for LCN access is
provided on a stand-alone basis and on a bundled
basis in combination with SFTI connections and
optic connections to outside access centers and
within the data center. The SFTI and optic
connections are not related to the co-location
services.
E:\FR\FM\15NON1.SGM
15NON1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 219 (Monday, November 15, 2010)]
[Notices]
[Pages 69717-69722]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-28548]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-63276; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2010-138]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC;
Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change
To Establish a Program for Managed Data Solutions
November 8, 2010.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'') \1\, and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, \2\ notice is hereby given
that on October 25, 2010, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``Nasdaq'' or
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``SEC'' or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in
Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by Nasdaq.
The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the
proposed rule from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of the
Substance of the Proposed Rule Change
Nasdaq proposes to establish a program for Managed Data Solutions.
The text of the proposed rule change is below. Proposed new
language is italicized; proposed deletions are in [brackets].\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Changes are marked to the rule text that appears in the
electronic Nasdaq Manual found at https://nasdaqomx.cchwallstreet.com.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
7026. Distribution Models [Reserved]
(a) Reserved
(b) Managed Data Solutions
[[Page 69718]]
The charges to be paid by Distributors and Subscribers of Managed
Data Solutions products containing Nasdaq Depth data shall be:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fee schedule for Managed Data
Solutions Price
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Managed Data Solution............ $1,500/mo Per Distributor.
Administration Fee (for the right
to offer Managed Data Solutions
to client organizations).
Nasdaq Depth Data................ $300/mo Per Subscriber.
Professional Subscriber Fee
(Internal Use Only and includes
TotalView, Level 2, OpenView).
Nasdaq Depth Data................ $60/mo Per Subscriber.
Non-Professional Subscriber
(Internal Use Only and includes
TotalView, Level 2, OpenView).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) Reserved
* * * * *
II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
In its filing with the Commission, Nasdaq included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. Nasdaq has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A,
B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
1. Purpose
Nasdaq is proposing to create a new data distribution model (a
Managed Data Feed Solution) to further the distribution of Nasdaq
TotalView, Nasdaq OpenView and/or Nasdaq Level 2 Information
(collectively, ``Nasdaq Depth Information''). It offers a new delivery
method available to firms seeking simplified market data
administration. The Managed Data Solution may be offered by
Distributors to clients and/or client organizations that are using the
Nasdaq Depth Information internally. This new pricing and
administrative option is in response to industry demand, as well as due
to changes in the technology use [sic] to distribute market data.
Distributors offering Managed Data Solutions continue to be fee liable
for the applicable distributor fees for the receipt and distribution of
the Nasdaq Depth Information.
A Managed Data Solution is a delivery option that will assess a
new, innovative fee schedule to Distributors of Nasdaq Depth
Information that provide data feed solutions such as an Application
Programming Interface (API) or similar automated delivery solutions to
recipients with only limited entitlement controls (e.g., usernames and/
or passwords) (``Managed Data Recipients''). However, the Distributor
must first agree to reformat, redisplay and/or alter the Nasdaq Depth
Information prior to retransmission, but not to affect the integrity of
the Nasdaq Depth Information and not to render it inaccurate, unfair,
uninformative, fictitious, misleading, or discriminatory. A Managed
Data Solution is any retransmission data product containing Nasdaq
Depth Information offered by a Distributor where the Distributor
manages and monitors, but does not necessarily control, the
information. However, the Distributor does maintain contracts with the
Managed Data Recipients and is liable for any unauthorized use by the
Managed Data Recipients under a Managed Data Solution. The recipient of
a Managed Data Solution may use the information for internal purposes
only and may not distribute the information outside of their [sic]
organization.
In the past, Nasdaq has considered this type of retransmission to
be an uncontrolled data product if the Distributor does not control
both the entitlements and the display of the information. Over the last
ten years, Distributors have improved the technical delivery and
monitoring of data and the Managed Data Solution offering responds to
an industry need to administer these new types of technical deliveries.
Currently, Nasdaq charges Managed Data Recipients who receive a
Managed Data Solution the same distributor fees as a recipient of an
uncontrolled data product. Some Distributors believe that the Managed
Data Solution is a better controlled data product and as such should
not be subject to the same rates as a data feed. However, the
Distributors may only have contractual control over the data and may
not be able to verify how Managed Data Recipients are actually using
the data at least without involvement of the Managed Data Recipient.
Some Distributors have even held-off on deployment of new Nasdaq
product offerings, pending the resolution to this matter. Thus,
offering a Managed Data Solution fee schedule would not only result in
Nasdaq offering lower fees for existing Managed Data Recipients
utilizing a Managed Data Solution, but will allow new Distributors to
deliver Managed Data Solutions to new clients, thereby increasing
transparency of the market.
Nasdaq proposes to establish a program to offer the Managed Data
Solution to Distributors that assist in the management of the
uncontrolled data product on behalf of their Managed Data Recipients by
contractually restricting the data flow and monitoring the delivery.
2. Statutory Basis
Nasdaq believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with
the provisions of Section 6 of the Act,\4\ in general, and with Section
6(b)(4) of the Act,\5\ in particular, in that it provides an equitable
allocation of reasonable fees among users and recipients of Nasdaq
data. In adopting Regulation NMS, the Commission granted self-
regulatory organizations and broker-dealers increased authority and
flexibility to offer new and unique market data to the public. It was
believed that this authority would expand the amount of data available
to consumers, and also spur innovation and competition for the
provision of market data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ 15 U.S.C. 78f.
\5\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission concluded that Regulation NMS--by deregulating the
market in proprietary data--would itself further the Act's goals of
facilitating efficiency and competition:
[E]fficiency is promoted when broker-dealers who do not need the
data beyond the prices, sizes, market center identifications of the
NBBO and consolidated last sale information are not required to
receive (and pay for) such data. The Commission also believes that
efficiency is promoted when broker-dealers may choose to receive
(and pay for) additional market data based on their own internal
analysis of the need for such data.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51808 (June 9, 2005), 70
FR 37496 (June 29, 2005).
By removing ``unnecessary regulatory restrictions'' on the ability of
exchanges
[[Page 69719]]
to sell their own data, Regulation NMS advanced the goals of the Act
and the principles reflected in its legislative history. If the free
market should determine whether proprietary data is sold to broker-
dealers at all, it follows that the price at which such data is sold
should be set by the market as well.
On July 21, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law H.R. 4173,
the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
(``Dodd-Frank Act''), which amended Section 19 of the Act. Among other
things, Section 916 of the Dodd-Frank Act amended paragraph (A) of
Section 19(b)(3) of the Act by inserting the phrase ``on any person,
whether or not the person is a member of the self-regulatory
organization'' after ``due, fee or other charge imposed by the self-
regulatory organization.'' As a result, all SRO rule proposals
establishing or changing dues, fees, or other charges are immediately
effective upon filing regardless of whether such dues, fees, or other
charges are imposed on members of the SRO, non-members, or both.
Section 916 further amended paragraph (C) of Section 19(b)(3) of the
Exchange Act to read, in pertinent part, ``At any time within the 60-
day period beginning on the date of filing of such a proposed rule
change in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (1) [of Section
19(b)], the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend the change in
the rules of the self-regulatory organization made thereby, if it
appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or appropriate
in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or otherwise
in furtherance of the purposes of this title. If the Commission takes
such action, the Commission shall institute proceedings under paragraph
(2)(B) [of Section 19(b)] to determine whether the proposed rule should
be approved or disapproved.''
Nasdaq believes that these amendments to Section 19 of the Act
reflect Congress's intent to allow the Commission to rely upon the
forces of competition to ensure that fees for market data are
reasonable and equitably allocated. Although Section 19(b) had formerly
authorized immediate effectiveness for a ``due, fee or other charge
imposed by the self-regulatory organization,'' the Commission adopted a
policy and subsequently a rule stipulating that fees for data and other
products available to persons that are not members of the self-
regulatory organization must be approved by the Commission after first
being published for comment. At the time, the Commission supported the
adoption of the policy and the rule by pointing out that unlike
members, whose representation in self-regulatory organization
governance was mandated by the Act, non-members should be given the
opportunity to comment on fees before being required to pay them, and
that the Commission should specifically approve all such fees. Nasdaq
believes that the amendment to Section 19 reflects Congress's
conclusion that the evolution of self-regulatory organization
governance and competitive market structure have rendered the
Commission's prior policy on non-member fees obsolete. Specifically,
many exchanges have evolved from member-owned not-for-profit
corporations into for-profit investor-owned corporations (or
subsidiaries of investor-owned corporations). Accordingly, exchanges no
longer have narrow incentives to manage their affairs for the exclusive
benefit of their members, but rather have incentives to maximize the
appeal of their products to all customers, whether members or non-
members, so as to broaden distribution and grow revenues. Moreover, we
believe that the change also reflects an endorsement of the
Commission's determinations that reliance on competitive markets is an
appropriate means to ensure equitable and reasonable prices. Simply
put, the change reflects a presumption that all fee changes should be
permitted to take effect immediately, since the level of all fees are
constrained by competitive forces.
The recent decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit in NetCoalition v. SEC, No. 09-1042 (DC
Cir. 2010), although reviewing a Commission decision made prior to the
effective date of the Dodd-Frank Act, upheld the Commission's reliance
upon competitive markets to set reasonable and equitably allocated fees
for market data. ``In fact, the legislative history indicates that the
Congress intended that the market system `evolve through the interplay
of competitive forces as unnecessary regulatory restrictions are
removed' and that the SEC wield its regulatory power `in those
situations where competition may not be sufficient,' such as in the
creation of a `consolidated transactional reporting system.' ''
NetCoalition, at 15 (quoting H.R. Rep. No. 94-229, at 92 (1975), as
reprinted in 1975 U.S.C.C.A.N. 321, 323). The court's conclusions about
Congressional intent are therefore reinforced by the Dodd-Frank Act
amendments, which create a presumption that exchange fees, including
market data fees, may take effect immediately, without prior Commission
approval, and that the Commission should take action to suspend a fee
change and institute a proceeding to determine whether the fee change
should be approved or disapproved only where the Commission has
concerns that the change may not be consistent with the Act.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition
Nasdaq does not believe that the proposed rule change will result
in any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act, as amended. Notwithstanding its
determination that the Commission may rely upon competition to
establish fair and equitably allocated fees for market data, the
NetCoalition court found that the Commission had not, in that case,
compiled a record that adequately supported its conclusion that the
market for the data at issue in the case was competitive. For the
reasons discussed above, Nasdaq believes that the Dodd-Frank Act
amendments to Section 19 materially alter the scope of the Commission's
review of future market data filings, by creating a presumption that
all fees may take effect immediately, without prior analysis by the
Commission of the competitive environment. Even in the absence of this
important statutory change, however, Nasdaq believes that a record may
readily be established to demonstrate the competitive nature of the
market in question.
There is intense competition between trading platforms that provide
transaction execution and routing services and proprietary data
products. Transaction execution and proprietary data products are
complementary in that market data is both an input and a byproduct of
the execution service. In fact, market data and trade execution are a
paradigmatic example of joint products with joint costs. The decision
whether and on which platform to post an order will depend on the
attributes of the platform where the order can be posted, including the
execution fees, data quality and price and distribution of its data
products. Without the prospect of a taking order seeing and reacting to
a posted order on a particular platform, the posting of the order would
accomplish little. Without trade executions, exchange data products
cannot exist. Data products are valuable to many end users only insofar
as they provide information that end users expect will assist them or
their customers in making trading decisions.
[[Page 69720]]
The costs of producing market data include not only the costs of
the data distribution infrastructure, but also the costs of designing,
maintaining, and operating the exchange's transaction execution
platform and the cost of regulating the exchange to ensure its fair
operation and maintain investor confidence. The total return that a
trading platform earns reflects the revenues it receives from both
products and the joint costs it incurs. Moreover, an exchange's
customers view the costs of transaction executions and of data as a
unified cost of doing business with the exchange. A broker-dealer will
direct orders to a particular exchange only if the expected revenues
from executing trades on the exchange exceed net transaction execution
costs and the cost of data that the broker-dealer chooses to buy to
support its trading decisions (or those of its customers). The choice
of data products is, in turn, a product of the value of the products in
making profitable trading decisions. If the cost of the product exceeds
its expected value, the broker-dealer will choose not to buy it.
Moreover, as a broker-dealer chooses to direct fewer orders to a
particular exchange, the value of the product to that broker-dealer
decreases, for two reasons. First, the product will contain less
information, because executions of the broker-dealer's orders will not
be reflected in it. Second, and perhaps more important, the product
will be less valuable to that broker-dealer because it does not provide
information about the venue to which it is directing its orders. Data
from the competing venue to which the broker-dealer is directing orders
will become correspondingly more valuable.
Thus, a super-competitive increase in the fees charged for either
transactions or data has the potential to impair revenues from both
products. ``No one disputes that competition for order flow is
`fierce'.'' NetCoalition at 24. However, the existence of fierce
competition for order flow implies a high degree of price sensitivity
on the part of broker-dealers with order flow, since they may readily
reduce costs by directing orders toward the lowest-cost trading venues.
A broker-dealer that shifted its order flow from one platform to
another in response to order execution price differentials would both
reduce the value of that platform's market data and reduce its own need
to consume data from the disfavored platform. Similarly, if a platform
increases its market data fees, the change will affect the overall cost
of doing business with the platform, and affected broker-dealers will
assess whether they can lower their trading costs by directing orders
elsewhere and thereby lessening the need for the more expensive data.
Analyzing the cost of market data distribution in isolation from
the cost of all of the inputs supporting the creation of market data
will inevitably underestimate the cost of the data. Thus, because it is
impossible to create data without a fast, technologically robust, and
well-regulated execution system, system costs and regulatory costs
affect the price of market data. It would be equally misleading,
however, to attribute all of the exchange's costs to the market data
portion of an exchange's joint product. Rather, all of the exchange's
costs are incurred for the unified purposes of attracting order flow,
executing and/or routing orders, and generating and selling data about
market activity. The total return that an exchange earns reflects the
revenues it receives from the joint products and the total costs of the
joint products.
Competition among trading platforms can be expected to constrain
the aggregate return each platform earns from the sale of its joint
products, but different platforms may choose from a range of possible,
and equally reasonable, pricing strategies as the means of recovering
total costs. For example, some platform may choose to pay rebates to
attract orders, charge relatively low prices for market information (or
provide information free of charge) and charge relatively high prices
for accessing posted liquidity. Other platforms may choose a strategy
of paying lower rebates (or no rebates) to attract orders, setting
relatively high prices for market information, and setting relatively
low prices for accessing posted liquidity. In this environment, there
is no economic basis for regulating maximum prices for one of the joint
products in an industry in which suppliers face competitive constraints
with regard to the joint offering. This would be akin to strictly
regulating the price that an automobile manufacturer can charge for car
sound systems despite the existence of a highly competitive market for
cars and the availability of after-market alternatives to the
manufacturer-supplied system.
The market for market data products is competitive and inherently
contestable because there is fierce competition for the inputs
necessary to the creation of proprietary data and strict pricing
discipline for the proprietary products themselves. Numerous exchanges
compete with each other for listings, trades, and market data itself,
providing virtually limitless opportunities for entrepreneurs who wish
to produce and distribute their own market data. This proprietary data
is produced by each individual exchange, as well as other entities, in
a vigorously competitive market.
Broker-dealers currently have numerous alternative venues for their
order flow, including ten self-regulatory organization (``SRO'')
markets, as well as internalizing broker-dealers (``BDs'') and various
forms of alternative trading systems (``ATSs''), including dark pools
and electronic communication networks (``ECNs''). Each SRO market
competes to produce transaction reports via trade executions, and two
FINRA-regulated Trade Reporting Facilities (``TRFs'') compete to
attract internalized transaction reports. Competitive markets for order
flow, executions, and transaction reports provide pricing discipline
for the inputs of proprietary data products.
The large number of SROs, TRFs, BDs, and ATSs that currently
produce proprietary data or are currently capable of producing it
provides further pricing discipline for proprietary data products. Each
SRO, TRF, ATS, and BD is currently permitted to produce proprietary
data products, and many currently do or have announced plans to do so,
including Nasdaq, NYSE, NYSE Amex, NYSEArca, and BATS.
Any ATS or BD can combine with any other ATS, BD, or multiple ATSs
or BDs to produce joint proprietary data products. Additionally, order
routers and market data vendors can facilitate single or multiple
broker-dealers' production of proprietary data products. The potential
sources of proprietary products are virtually limitless.
The fact that proprietary data from ATSs, BDs, and vendors can by-
pass SROs is significant in two respects. First, non-SROs can compete
directly with SROs for the production and sale of proprietary data
products, as BATS and Arca did before registering as exchanges by
publishing proprietary book data on the Internet. Second, because a
single order or transaction report can appear in an SRO proprietary
product, a non-SRO proprietary product, or both, the data available in
proprietary products is exponentially greater than the actual number of
orders and transaction reports that exist in the marketplace.
Market data vendors provide another form of price discipline for
proprietary data products because they control the primary means of
access to end users. Vendors impose price restraints based upon their
business models. For example, vendors such as Bloomberg and Thomson
Reuters that assess a surcharge on data they sell may refuse to offer
proprietary products that end
[[Page 69721]]
users will not purchase in sufficient numbers. Internet portals, such
as Google, impose a discipline by providing only data that will enable
them to attract ``eyeballs'' that contribute to their advertising
revenue. Retail broker-dealers, such as Schwab and Fidelity, offer
their customers proprietary data only if it promotes trading and
generates sufficient commission revenue. Although the business models
may differ, these vendors' pricing discipline is the same: they can
simply refuse to purchase any proprietary data product that fails to
provide sufficient value. NASDAQ and other producers of proprietary
data products must understand and respond to these varying business
models and pricing disciplines in order to market proprietary data
products successfully.
In addition to the competition and price discipline described
above, the market for proprietary data products is also highly
contestable because market entry is rapid, inexpensive, and profitable.
The history of electronic trading is replete with examples of entrants
that swiftly grew into some of the largest electronic trading platforms
and proprietary data producers: Archipelago, Bloomberg Tradebook,
Island, RediBook, Attain, TracECN, BATS Trading and Direct Edge. A
proliferation of dark pools and other ATSs operate profitably with
fragmentary shares of consolidated market volume.
Regulation NMS, by deregulating the market for proprietary data,
has increased the contestability of that market. While broker-dealers
have previously published their proprietary data individually,
Regulation NMS encourages market data vendors and broker-dealers to
produce proprietary products cooperatively in a manner never before
possible. Multiple market data vendors already have the capability to
aggregate data and disseminate it on a profitable scale, including
Bloomberg, and Thomson Reuters.
The court in NetCoalition concluded that the Commission had failed
to demonstrate that the market for market data was competitive based on
the reasoning of the Commission's NetCoalition order because, in the
court's view, the Commission had not adequately demonstrated that the
depth-of-book data at issue in the case is used to attract order flow.
Nasdaq believes, however, that evidence not before the court clearly
demonstrates that availability of data attracts order flow. For
example, as of July 2010, 92 of the top 100 broker-dealers by shares
executed on Nasdaq consumed NQDS and 80 of the top 100 broker-dealers
consumed TotalView. During that month, the NQDS-users were responsible
for 94.44% of the orders entered into Nasdaq and TotalView users were
responsible for 92.98%.
Competition among platforms has driven Nasdaq continually to
improve its platform data offerings and to cater to customers' data
needs. For example, Nasdaq has developed and maintained multiple
delivery mechanisms (IP, multi-cast, and compression) that enable
customers to receive data in the form and manner they prefer and at the
lowest cost to them. Nasdaq offers front end applications such as its
``Bookviewer'' to help customers utilize data. Nasdaq has created new
products like TotalView Aggregate to complement TotalView ITCH and
Level 2, because offering data in multiple formatting allows Nasdaq to
better fit customer needs. Nasdaq offers data via multiple extranet
providers, thereby helping to reduce network and total cost for its
data products. Nasdaq has developed an online administrative system to
provide customers transparency into their data feed requests and
streamline data usage reporting. Nasdaq has also expanded its
Enterprise License options that reduce the administrative burden and
costs to firms that purchase market data.
Despite these enhancements and a dramatic increase in message
traffic, Nasdaq's fees for market data have remained flat. In fact, as
a percent of total customer costs, Nasdaq data fees have fallen
relative to other data usage costs--including bandwidth, programming,
and infrastructure--that have risen. The same holds true for execution
services; despite numerous enhancements to Nasdaq's trading platform,
absolute and relative trading costs have declined. Platform competition
has intensified as new entrants have emerged, constraining prices for
both executions and for data.
The vigor of competition for depth information is significant and
the Exchange believes that this proposal clearly evidences such
competition. Nasdaq is offering a new pricing model in order to keep
pace with changes in the industry and evolving customer needs. It is
entirely optional and is geared towards attracting new customers, as
well as retaining existing customers.
The Exchange has witnessed competitors creating new products and
innovative pricing in this space over the course of the past year.
Nasdaq continues to see firms challenge its pricing on the basis of the
Exchange's explicit fees being higher than the zero-priced fees from
other competitors such as BATS. In all cases, firms make decisions on
how much and what types of data to consume on the basis of the total
cost of interacting with Nasdaq or other exchanges. Of course, the
explicit data fees are but one factor in a total platform analysis.
Some competitors have lower transactions fees and higher data fees, and
others are vice versa. The market for this depth information is highly
competitive and continually evolves as products develop and change.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others
No written comments were either solicited or received.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act.\7\ At any time within 60 days of the filing
of the proposed rule change, the Commission summarily may temporarily
suspend such rule change if it appears to the Commission that such
action is necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for the
protection of investors, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of
the Act. If the Commission takes such action, the Commission shall
institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule should be
approved or disapproved.
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\7\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(a)(ii).
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IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's Internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an e-mail to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include
File Number SR-NASDAQ-2010-138 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2010-138. This
[[Page 69722]]
file number should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used.
To help the Commission process and review your comments more
efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all
comments on the Commission's Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments,
all written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that
are filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating
to the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person,
other than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance
with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site
viewing and printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room on
official business days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies
of such filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the
principal offices of the Exchange. All comments received will be posted
without change; the Commission does not edit personal identifying
information from submissions. You should submit only information that
you wish to make available publicly. All submissions should refer to
File Number SR-NASDAQ-2010-138, and should be submitted on or before
December 6, 2010.
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\8\
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\8\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010-28548 Filed 11-12-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P