Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Designation of a “Professional Customer”, 10851-10853 [2010-4909]
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 45 / Tuesday, March 9, 2010 / Notices
The subject matter of the Closed
Meeting scheduled for Thursday, March
11, 2010 will be: Formal order of
investigation; institution and settlement
of injunctive actions; institution and
settlement of administrative
proceedings; an adjudicatory matter;
and other matters relating to
enforcement proceedings.
At times, changes in Commission
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scheduling of meeting items.
For further information and to
ascertain what, if any, matters have been
added, deleted or postponed, please
contact: The Office of the Secretary at
(202) 551–5400.
Dated: March 4, 2010.
Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary.
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–61629; File No. SR–
NYSEAmex–2010–18)
Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE
Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of
Proposed Rule Change Relating to the
Designation of a ‘‘Professional
Customer’’
March 2, 2010.
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) 1 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
‘‘Act’’) 2 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,3
notice is hereby given that, on February
25, 2010, NYSE Amex LLC (‘‘NYSE
Amex’’ or the ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
(the ‘‘Commission’’) the proposed rule
change as described in Items I, II, and
III below, which Items have been
prepared by the self-regulatory
organization. The Commission is
publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change
from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to designate
any Customer that places more than 390
orders in listed options per day on
average during a calendar month for its
own beneficial account(s) as a
‘‘Professional Customer.’’ The text of the
proposed rule change is attached as
Exhibit 5 to the 19b–4 form. A copy of
this filing is available on the Exchange’s
Web site at https://www.nyse.com, at the
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
U.S.C. 78a.
3 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
2 15
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II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
self-regulatory organization included
statements concerning the purpose of,
and basis for, the proposed rule change
and discussed any comments it received
on the proposed rule change. The text
of those statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below.
The Exchange has prepared summaries,
set forth in sections A, B, and C below,
of the most significant parts of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
[FR Doc. 2010–5053 Filed 3–5–10; 11:15 am]
1 15
Exchange’s principal office and at the
Commission’s Public Reference Room.
1. Purpose
Under NYSE Amex rules, a
‘‘Customer’’ is an individual or
organization that is not a Broker/
Dealer.4 This term is used in specific
NYSE Amex rules that provide certain
marketplace advantages to Customer
orders over non-customer orders (e.g.,
orders for the account of ATP holders or
broker/dealers). In particular, under
NYSE Amex rules, subject to certain
exceptions, (i) Customer orders are
given priority over non-customer orders
and Market-Maker quotes at the same
price,5 and (ii) ATP holders are
generally not charged a transaction fee
for the execution of Customer orders.
The purpose of providing these
marketplace advantages to Customer
orders is to attract retail investor order
flow to the Exchange by leveling the
playing field for retail investors over
market professionals6 and to provide
competitive pricing.
With respect to these NYSE Amex
marketplace advantages, the Exchange
does not believe the definition of
Customer versus a non-Customer
properly distinguishes between nonprofessional retail investors and certain
professionals. The Exchange believes
that providing marketplace advantages
4 See
NYSE Amex Rule 900.2NY(18).
e.g., NYSE Amex Rule 963NY Priority and
Order Allocation Procedures—Open Outcry,
963.1NY Complex Order Transactions, 964NY
Display, Priority and Order Allocation—Trading
Systems, and 980NY(b) Priority of Complex Orders
in the Consolidated Book.
6 Market professionals have access to
sophisticated trading systems that contain
functionality not available to retail investors,
including things such as continuously updated
pricing models based on real-time streaming data,
access to multiple markets simultaneously, and
order and risk management tools.
5 See,
PO 00000
Frm 00098
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
10851
based upon whether the order is for the
account of a participant that is a
registered Broker/Dealer is no longer
appropriate in today’s marketplace
because some non-broker-dealer
individuals and entities have access to
information and technology that enables
them to professionally trade listed
options in the same manner as a broker
or dealer in securities.7 These
individual traders and entities
(collectively, ‘‘Professional Customers’’)
have the same technological and
informational advantages over retail
investors as broker-dealers trading for
their own account, which enables them
to compete effectively with brokerdealer orders and market maker quotes
for execution opportunities in the NYSE
Amex marketplace.8
The Exchange therefore does not
believe that it is consistent with fair
competition for these professional
account holders to continue to receive
the same marketplace advantages as
retail investors over Broker/Dealers
trading on NYSE Amex. Moreover,
because Customer orders at the same
price are executed in time priority, retail
investors are prevented from fully
benefiting from the priority advantage
when Professional Customers are
afforded Customer order priority.
Accordingly, the Exchange is seeking
to adopt a new term that will be used
to more appropriately provide NYSE
Amex marketplace advantages to retail
investors on NYSE Amex. Under the
proposal, a ‘‘Professional Customer’’ will
7 For example, some Broker/Dealers provide
professional customers with multi-screened trading
stations equipped with trading technology that
allows the trader to monitor and place orders on all
seven options exchanges simultaneously. These
trading stations also provide compliance filters,
order management tools, the ability to place orders
in the underlying securities, and market data feeds.
See Securities Exchange Act Releases 59287
(January 23, 2009), 74 FR 5694 (January 30, 2009)
(SR–ISE–2006–26) (order approving International
Securities Exchange (‘‘ISE’’) proposal to introduce
priority customer and professional orders) and
57254 (February 1, 2008), 73 FR 7345(February 7,
2008) (SR–ISE–2006–26) (notice of ISE proposal to
introduce priority customer and professional
orders) at note 8, See also Securities Exchange Act
Release 61198 (December 17, 2009), 74 FR 68880
(December 29, 2009) (SR–CBOE–2009–078) (order
approving CBOE proposal to introduce Professional
Customers).
8 Market Makers enter quotes based on the
theoretical value of the option, which moves with
various factors in their pricing models, such as the
value of the underlying security. Professional
customers place and cancel orders in relation to an
option’s theoretical value in much the same manner
as a Market Maker. This is evidenced by the entry
of limit orders that join the best bid or offer and
by a very high rate of orders that are entered and
cancelled. In contrast, retail investors who enter
orders as part of an investment strategy (such as a
buy/write or directional trade) most frequently
enter marketable orders or limit orders that they do
not cancel and replace. See, e.g., Securities
Exchange Act Release 57254 at note 9.
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 45 / Tuesday, March 9, 2010 / Notices
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES
be defined in proposed Rule 900.2NY
(18A) as a person or entity that (i) is not
a broker or dealer in securities, and (ii)
places more than 390 orders in listed
options per day on average during a
calendar month for its own beneficial
account(s). Under the proposal, a
Professional Customer will be treated in
the same manner as a broker or dealer
in securities for purposes of NYSE
Amex Rules 900.3NY(j) (Facilitation
Order), 904G(f) (FLEX Trading
Procedures and Principles—Crossing
Limitations), 934NY (Crossing),
934.1NY (Facilitation Cross
Transactions), 934.2NY (At-Risk Cross
Transactions), 934.3NY (Solicitation),
963NY (Priority and Order Allocation
Procedures—Open Outcry), 963.1NY
(Complex Order Transactions), 964NY
(Display, Priority and Order
Allocation—Trading Systems),
964.2NY(b)(1)(iii) (Participation
Entitlement of Specialists and eSpecialists), 964.2NY(b)(3)(B)
(Allocation of Participation Entitlement
Amongst Specialist Pool), 980NY(b)
(Electronic Complex Order Trading),
Rule 995NY(b) (Prohibited Conduct—
Limit Orders) and the Exchange’s
schedule of fees.
The use of this new term for purposes
of the above-referenced execution rules
will result in Professional Customer
account holders participating in NYSE
Amex’s allocation process on equal
terms with Broker/Dealer orders. The
proposal will not otherwise affect nonBroker/Dealer individuals or entities
under NYSE Amex rules. For example,
NYSE Amex will provide the same
away-market protection for all Customer
orders, including non-Broker/Dealer
orders that are included in the
definition of ‘‘Professional Customer’’
orders.
In order to properly represent orders
entered on the Exchange according to
the new definitions, ATP holders will
be required to indicate whether
Customer orders are ‘‘Professional
Customer’’ orders.9 To comply with this
requirement, ATP holders will be
required to review their customers’
activity on at least a quarterly basis to
determine whether orders that are not
for the account of a broker or dealer
should be represented as Customer
9 The Exchange intends to require firms to
identify Professional Customer orders submitted
electronically to the system by identifying them
with the number ‘‘8’’ in the customer type field—
a mandatory field required for order entry. Manual
orders submitted outside the electronic system will
be marked with an origin code of ‘‘PC.’’ These
Professional Customer identifiers will also flow
through Exchange systems into audit trail and trade
reporting data.
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19:04 Mar 08, 2010
Jkt 220001
orders or Professional Customer
orders.10
Lastly, the Exchange intends to
establish, via a separate rule filing,
transaction fees applicable to
Professional Customers. The Exchange
will not commence the Professional
Customer program until such fees are in
place.
Section 11(a) of the Act prohibits any
member of a national securities
exchange from effecting transactions on
that exchange for its own account, the
account of an associated person, or an
account over which it or its associated
persons exercises discretion unless an
exception applies.11 Section 11(a)(1)
contains a number of exceptions for
principal transactions by members and
their associated persons. One such
exception, set forth in subparagraph (G)
of Section 11(a)(1) and in Rule 11a1–
1(T),12 permits any transaction for a
member’s own account provided, among
other things, that the transaction yields
priority, parity, and precedence to
orders for the account of persons who
are not member or associated with
members of the exchange. Exchange
rules, therefore, may require members to
yield priority to the orders of non-ATP
Holders, including Customers, to satisfy
this exception to Section 11(a).13
Another exception permits market
makers to effect transactions on
exchanges in which they are members.14
In addition to the exceptions noted
above, Rule 11a2–2(T) under the Act15
provides exchange members with an
exception from the prohibitions in
Section 11(a). Rule 11a2–2(T), known as
the ‘‘effect versus execute’’ rule, permits
an exchange member, subject to certain
conditions, to effect transactions for its
own account, the account of an
associated person, or an account with
respect to which it or an associated
person thereof exercises investment
discretion (collectively ‘‘covered
10 Orders for any customer that had an average of
more than 390 orders per day during any month of
a calendar quarter must be represented as
Professional Customer orders for the next calendar
quarter. ATP Holders will be required to conduct
a quarterly review and make any appropriate
changes to the way in which they are representing
orders within five days after the end of each
calendar quarter. While members only will be
required to review their accounts on a quarterly
basis, if during a quarter the Exchange identifies a
customer for which orders are being represented as
Customer orders but that has averaged more than
390 orders per day during a month, the Exchange
will notify the ATP Holder and the ATP Holder will
be required to change the manner in which it is
representing the customer’s orders within five days.
11 15 U.S.C. 78k(a).
12 17 CFR 240.11a1–1(T).
13 See, NYSE Amex Rule 910NY.
14 Section 11(a)(1)(A).
15 17 CFR 240.11a2–2(T).
PO 00000
Frm 00099
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
accounts’’) by arranging for an
unaffiliated member to execute the
transaction on the exchange.
To comply with the ‘‘effect versus
execute’’ rule’s conditions, a member: (i)
Must transmit the order from off the
exchange floor; (ii) may not participate
in the execution of the transaction once
it has been transmitted to the member
performing the execution;16 (iii) may not
be affiliated with the executing member;
and (iv) with respect to an account over
which the member has investment
discretion, neither the member nor its
associated person may retain any
compensation in connection with
effecting the transaction except as
provided in the rule.17
The Exchange does not believe that its
proposal relating to Professional
Customer orders would affect the
availability of the exceptions to Section
11(a) of the Act, including the
exceptions in subparagraph (G) of
Section 11(a) and in Rules 11a1–1(T)
and 11a2–2(T), as are currently
available.18
The Exchange believes that
identifying Professional Customer
account holders based upon the average
number of orders entered for a
beneficial account is an appropriately
objective approach that will reasonably
distinguish such persons and entities
from retail investors. The Exchange
proposes the threshold of 390 orders per
day on average over a calendar month
because it believes it far exceeds the
number of orders that are entered by
retail investors in a single day,19 while
being a sufficiently low number of
orders to cover the Professional account
16 The ATP Holder, however, may participate in
clearing and settling the transaction.
17 17 CFR 240.11a2–2(T).
18 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 59546
(March 10, 2009), 74 FR 11144 (March 16, 2009)
(SR–CBOE–2009–016).
19 Three hundred ninety orders is equal to the
total number of orders that a person would place
in a day if that person entered one order every
minute from market open to close. Many of the
largest retail-oriented electronic brokers offer lower
commission rates to customers they define as
‘‘active traders.’’ Publicly available information from
the websites for Charles Schwab, Fidelity, TD
Ameritrade and optionsXpress all define an ‘‘active
trader’’ as someone who executes only a few options
trades per month. The highest required trading
activity to qualify as an active trader among these
four firms was 35 trades per quarter. See Securities
Exchange Act Release 57254 at note 11 (which also
notes that a study of one of the largest retailoriented options brokerage firms indicated that on
a typical trading day, options orders were entered
with respect to 5922 different customer accounts.
There was only one order entered with respect to
3765 of the 5922 different customer accounts on
this day, and there were only 17 customer accounts
with respect to which more than 10 orders were
entered. The highest number of orders entered with
respect to any one account over the course of an
entire week was 27).
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Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 45 / Tuesday, March 9, 2010 / Notices
holders that are competing with Broker/
Dealers in the NYSE Amex marketplace.
In addition, basing the standard on the
number of orders that are entered in
listed options for a beneficial account(s)
assures that Professional Customer
account holders cannot inappropriately
avoid the purpose of the rule by
spreading their trading activity over
multiple exchanges, and using an
average number over a calendar month
will prevent gaming of the 390 order
threshold.
2. Statutory Basis
The Exchange believes that its
proposal is consistent with Section 6(b)
of the Act,20 in general, and furthers the
objectives of Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,21
in particular, in that it is designed to
prevent fraudulent and manipulative
acts and practices, to promote just and
equitable principles of trade, to remove
impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market
and a national market system, and, in
general, to protect investors and the
public interest. In particular, the
proposal will assure that retail investors
continue to receive the appropriate
marketplace advantages in NYSE Amex
marketplace, while furthering fair
competition among marketplace
professionals by treating them equally
within the NYSE Amex marketplace.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Burden on Competition
The Exchange does not believe that
the proposed rule change will impose
any burden on competition that is not
necessary or appropriate in furtherance
of the purposes of the Act.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received From
Members, Participants, or Others
No written comments were solicited
or received with respect to the proposed
rule change.
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 35 days of the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal
Register or within such longer period (i)
as the Commission may designate up to
90 days of such date if it finds such
longer period to be appropriate and
publishes its reasons for so finding or
(ii) as to which the self-regulatory
organization consents, the Commission
will:
20 15
21 15
U.S.C. 78f(b).
U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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19:04 Mar 08, 2010
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(A) By order approve such proposed
rule change, or
(B) Institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an e-mail to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–NYSEAmex–2010–18 on
the subject line.
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Elizabeth M. Murphy, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NYSEAmex–2010–18. This
file number should be included on the
subject line if e-mail is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission’s Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official
business days between the hours of 10
a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of the filing will
also be available for inspection and
copying at NYSE‘s principal office and
on its Internet Web site at https://
www.nyse.com. All comments received
will be posted without change; the
Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR–
PO 00000
Frm 00100
Fmt 4703
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10853
NYSEAmex–2010–18 and should be
submitted on or before March 30, 2010.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.22
Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010–4909 Filed 3–8–10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–61628; File No. SR–CBOE–
2010–019]
Self-Regulatory Organizations;
Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Notice of Filing and
Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed
Rule Change Related to Multi-Class
Broad Based Index Option Spread
Orders
March 2, 2010.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on February
18, 2010, the Chicago Board Options
Exchange, Incorporated (‘‘Exchange’’ or
‘‘CBOE’’) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (‘‘Commission’’)
the proposed rule change as described
in Items I, II, and III below, which Items
have been prepared by the Exchange.
The Exchange filed the proposal as a
‘‘non-controversial’’ proposed rule
change pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(iii) of the Act3 and Rule
19b–4(f)(6) thereunder,4 which renders
the proposal effective upon filing with
the Commission. The Commission is
publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change
from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange is proposing to amend
its rule related to multi-class broadbased index option spreads to include
options on index-linked securities (also
known as exchange-traded notes
(‘‘ETNs’’)) within the definition of an
eligible ‘‘broad-based index option.’’ The
text of the proposed rule change is
available on the Exchange’s Web site
(https://www.cboe.org/Legal), at the
Exchange’s Office of the Secretary and
at the Commission.
22 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(iii).
4 17 CFR 240.19b–4(f)(6).
1 15
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 45 (Tuesday, March 9, 2010)]
[Notices]
[Pages 10851-10853]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-4909]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-61629; File No. SR-NYSEAmex-2010-18)
Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Notice of Filing of
Proposed Rule Change Relating to the Designation of a ``Professional
Customer''
March 2, 2010.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) \1\ of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (the ``Act'') \2\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\3\ notice is hereby
given that, on February 25, 2010, NYSE Amex LLC (``NYSE Amex'' or the
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I, II,
and III below, which Items have been prepared by the self-regulatory
organization. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 15 U.S.C. 78a.
\3\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change
The Exchange proposes to designate any Customer that places more
than 390 orders in listed options per day on average during a calendar
month for its own beneficial account(s) as a ``Professional Customer.''
The text of the proposed rule change is attached as Exhibit 5 to the
19b-4 form. A copy of this filing is available on the Exchange's Web
site at https://www.nyse.com, at the Exchange's principal office and at
the Commission's Public Reference Room.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
In its filing with the Commission, the self-regulatory organization
included statements concerning the purpose of, and basis for, the
proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the
proposed rule change. The text of those statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared
summaries, set forth in sections A, B, and C below, of the most
significant parts of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
1. Purpose
Under NYSE Amex rules, a ``Customer'' is an individual or
organization that is not a Broker/Dealer.\4\ This term is used in
specific NYSE Amex rules that provide certain marketplace advantages to
Customer orders over non-customer orders (e.g., orders for the account
of ATP holders or broker/dealers). In particular, under NYSE Amex
rules, subject to certain exceptions, (i) Customer orders are given
priority over non-customer orders and Market-Maker quotes at the same
price,\5\ and (ii) ATP holders are generally not charged a transaction
fee for the execution of Customer orders. The purpose of providing
these marketplace advantages to Customer orders is to attract retail
investor order flow to the Exchange by leveling the playing field for
retail investors over market professionals\6\ and to provide
competitive pricing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ See NYSE Amex Rule 900.2NY(18).
\5\ See, e.g., NYSE Amex Rule 963NY Priority and Order
Allocation Procedures--Open Outcry, 963.1NY Complex Order
Transactions, 964NY Display, Priority and Order Allocation--Trading
Systems, and 980NY(b) Priority of Complex Orders in the Consolidated
Book.
\6\ Market professionals have access to sophisticated trading
systems that contain functionality not available to retail
investors, including things such as continuously updated pricing
models based on real-time streaming data, access to multiple markets
simultaneously, and order and risk management tools.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
With respect to these NYSE Amex marketplace advantages, the
Exchange does not believe the definition of Customer versus a non-
Customer properly distinguishes between non-professional retail
investors and certain professionals. The Exchange believes that
providing marketplace advantages based upon whether the order is for
the account of a participant that is a registered Broker/Dealer is no
longer appropriate in today's marketplace because some non-broker-
dealer individuals and entities have access to information and
technology that enables them to professionally trade listed options in
the same manner as a broker or dealer in securities.\7\ These
individual traders and entities (collectively, ``Professional
Customers'') have the same technological and informational advantages
over retail investors as broker-dealers trading for their own account,
which enables them to compete effectively with broker-dealer orders and
market maker quotes for execution opportunities in the NYSE Amex
marketplace.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ For example, some Broker/Dealers provide professional
customers with multi-screened trading stations equipped with trading
technology that allows the trader to monitor and place orders on all
seven options exchanges simultaneously. These trading stations also
provide compliance filters, order management tools, the ability to
place orders in the underlying securities, and market data feeds.
See Securities Exchange Act Releases 59287 (January 23, 2009), 74 FR
5694 (January 30, 2009) (SR-ISE-2006-26) (order approving
International Securities Exchange (``ISE'') proposal to introduce
priority customer and professional orders) and 57254 (February 1,
2008), 73 FR 7345(February 7, 2008) (SR-ISE-2006-26) (notice of ISE
proposal to introduce priority customer and professional orders) at
note 8, See also Securities Exchange Act Release 61198 (December 17,
2009), 74 FR 68880 (December 29, 2009) (SR-CBOE-2009-078) (order
approving CBOE proposal to introduce Professional Customers).
\8\ Market Makers enter quotes based on the theoretical value of
the option, which moves with various factors in their pricing
models, such as the value of the underlying security. Professional
customers place and cancel orders in relation to an option's
theoretical value in much the same manner as a Market Maker. This is
evidenced by the entry of limit orders that join the best bid or
offer and by a very high rate of orders that are entered and
cancelled. In contrast, retail investors who enter orders as part of
an investment strategy (such as a buy/write or directional trade)
most frequently enter marketable orders or limit orders that they do
not cancel and replace. See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release
57254 at note 9.
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The Exchange therefore does not believe that it is consistent with
fair competition for these professional account holders to continue to
receive the same marketplace advantages as retail investors over
Broker/Dealers trading on NYSE Amex. Moreover, because Customer orders
at the same price are executed in time priority, retail investors are
prevented from fully benefiting from the priority advantage when
Professional Customers are afforded Customer order priority.
Accordingly, the Exchange is seeking to adopt a new term that will
be used to more appropriately provide NYSE Amex marketplace advantages
to retail investors on NYSE Amex. Under the proposal, a ``Professional
Customer'' will
[[Page 10852]]
be defined in proposed Rule 900.2NY (18A) as a person or entity that
(i) is not a broker or dealer in securities, and (ii) places more than
390 orders in listed options per day on average during a calendar month
for its own beneficial account(s). Under the proposal, a Professional
Customer will be treated in the same manner as a broker or dealer in
securities for purposes of NYSE Amex Rules 900.3NY(j) (Facilitation
Order), 904G(f) (FLEX Trading Procedures and Principles--Crossing
Limitations), 934NY (Crossing), 934.1NY (Facilitation Cross
Transactions), 934.2NY (At-Risk Cross Transactions), 934.3NY
(Solicitation), 963NY (Priority and Order Allocation Procedures--Open
Outcry), 963.1NY (Complex Order Transactions), 964NY (Display, Priority
and Order Allocation--Trading Systems), 964.2NY(b)(1)(iii)
(Participation Entitlement of Specialists and e-Specialists),
964.2NY(b)(3)(B) (Allocation of Participation Entitlement Amongst
Specialist Pool), 980NY(b) (Electronic Complex Order Trading), Rule
995NY(b) (Prohibited Conduct--Limit Orders) and the Exchange's schedule
of fees.
The use of this new term for purposes of the above-referenced
execution rules will result in Professional Customer account holders
participating in NYSE Amex's allocation process on equal terms with
Broker/Dealer orders. The proposal will not otherwise affect non-
Broker/Dealer individuals or entities under NYSE Amex rules. For
example, NYSE Amex will provide the same away-market protection for all
Customer orders, including non-Broker/Dealer orders that are included
in the definition of ``Professional Customer'' orders.
In order to properly represent orders entered on the Exchange
according to the new definitions, ATP holders will be required to
indicate whether Customer orders are ``Professional Customer''
orders.\9\ To comply with this requirement, ATP holders will be
required to review their customers' activity on at least a quarterly
basis to determine whether orders that are not for the account of a
broker or dealer should be represented as Customer orders or
Professional Customer orders.\10\
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\9\ The Exchange intends to require firms to identify
Professional Customer orders submitted electronically to the system
by identifying them with the number ``8'' in the customer type
field--a mandatory field required for order entry. Manual orders
submitted outside the electronic system will be marked with an
origin code of ``PC.'' These Professional Customer identifiers will
also flow through Exchange systems into audit trail and trade
reporting data.
\10\ Orders for any customer that had an average of more than
390 orders per day during any month of a calendar quarter must be
represented as Professional Customer orders for the next calendar
quarter. ATP Holders will be required to conduct a quarterly review
and make any appropriate changes to the way in which they are
representing orders within five days after the end of each calendar
quarter. While members only will be required to review their
accounts on a quarterly basis, if during a quarter the Exchange
identifies a customer for which orders are being represented as
Customer orders but that has averaged more than 390 orders per day
during a month, the Exchange will notify the ATP Holder and the ATP
Holder will be required to change the manner in which it is
representing the customer's orders within five days.
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Lastly, the Exchange intends to establish, via a separate rule
filing, transaction fees applicable to Professional Customers. The
Exchange will not commence the Professional Customer program until such
fees are in place.
Section 11(a) of the Act prohibits any member of a national
securities exchange from effecting transactions on that exchange for
its own account, the account of an associated person, or an account
over which it or its associated persons exercises discretion unless an
exception applies.\11\ Section 11(a)(1) contains a number of exceptions
for principal transactions by members and their associated persons. One
such exception, set forth in subparagraph (G) of Section 11(a)(1) and
in Rule 11a1-1(T),\12\ permits any transaction for a member's own
account provided, among other things, that the transaction yields
priority, parity, and precedence to orders for the account of persons
who are not member or associated with members of the exchange. Exchange
rules, therefore, may require members to yield priority to the orders
of non-ATP Holders, including Customers, to satisfy this exception to
Section 11(a).\13\ Another exception permits market makers to effect
transactions on exchanges in which they are members.\14\
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\11\ 15 U.S.C. 78k(a).
\12\ 17 CFR 240.11a1-1(T).
\13\ See, NYSE Amex Rule 910NY.
\14\ Section 11(a)(1)(A).
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In addition to the exceptions noted above, Rule 11a2-2(T) under the
Act\15\ provides exchange members with an exception from the
prohibitions in Section 11(a). Rule 11a2-2(T), known as the ``effect
versus execute'' rule, permits an exchange member, subject to certain
conditions, to effect transactions for its own account, the account of
an associated person, or an account with respect to which it or an
associated person thereof exercises investment discretion (collectively
``covered accounts'') by arranging for an unaffiliated member to
execute the transaction on the exchange.
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\15\ 17 CFR 240.11a2-2(T).
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To comply with the ``effect versus execute'' rule's conditions, a
member: (i) Must transmit the order from off the exchange floor; (ii)
may not participate in the execution of the transaction once it has
been transmitted to the member performing the execution;\16\ (iii) may
not be affiliated with the executing member; and (iv) with respect to
an account over which the member has investment discretion, neither the
member nor its associated person may retain any compensation in
connection with effecting the transaction except as provided in the
rule.\17\
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\16\ The ATP Holder, however, may participate in clearing and
settling the transaction.
\17\ 17 CFR 240.11a2-2(T).
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The Exchange does not believe that its proposal relating to
Professional Customer orders would affect the availability of the
exceptions to Section 11(a) of the Act, including the exceptions in
subparagraph (G) of Section 11(a) and in Rules 11a1-1(T) and 11a2-2(T),
as are currently available.\18\
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\18\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 59546 (March 10,
2009), 74 FR 11144 (March 16, 2009) (SR-CBOE-2009-016).
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The Exchange believes that identifying Professional Customer
account holders based upon the average number of orders entered for a
beneficial account is an appropriately objective approach that will
reasonably distinguish such persons and entities from retail investors.
The Exchange proposes the threshold of 390 orders per day on average
over a calendar month because it believes it far exceeds the number of
orders that are entered by retail investors in a single day,\19\ while
being a sufficiently low number of orders to cover the Professional
account
[[Page 10853]]
holders that are competing with Broker/Dealers in the NYSE Amex
marketplace. In addition, basing the standard on the number of orders
that are entered in listed options for a beneficial account(s) assures
that Professional Customer account holders cannot inappropriately avoid
the purpose of the rule by spreading their trading activity over
multiple exchanges, and using an average number over a calendar month
will prevent gaming of the 390 order threshold.
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\19\ Three hundred ninety orders is equal to the total number of
orders that a person would place in a day if that person entered one
order every minute from market open to close. Many of the largest
retail-oriented electronic brokers offer lower commission rates to
customers they define as ``active traders.'' Publicly available
information from the websites for Charles Schwab, Fidelity, TD
Ameritrade and optionsXpress all define an ``active trader'' as
someone who executes only a few options trades per month. The
highest required trading activity to qualify as an active trader
among these four firms was 35 trades per quarter. See Securities
Exchange Act Release 57254 at note 11 (which also notes that a study
of one of the largest retail-oriented options brokerage firms
indicated that on a typical trading day, options orders were entered
with respect to 5922 different customer accounts. There was only one
order entered with respect to 3765 of the 5922 different customer
accounts on this day, and there were only 17 customer accounts with
respect to which more than 10 orders were entered. The highest
number of orders entered with respect to any one account over the
course of an entire week was 27).
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2. Statutory Basis
The Exchange believes that its proposal is consistent with Section
6(b) of the Act,\20\ in general, and furthers the objectives of Section
6(b)(5) of the Act,\21\ in particular, in that it is designed to
prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just
and equitable principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect
the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system,
and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest. In
particular, the proposal will assure that retail investors continue to
receive the appropriate marketplace advantages in NYSE Amex
marketplace, while furthering fair competition among marketplace
professionals by treating them equally within the NYSE Amex
marketplace.
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\20\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
\21\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition
The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will
impose any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate
in furtherance of the purposes of the Act.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others
No written comments were solicited or received with respect to the
proposed rule change.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 35 days of the date of publication of this notice in the
Federal Register or within such longer period (i) as the Commission may
designate up to 90 days of such date if it finds such longer period to
be appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
(A) By order approve such proposed rule change, or
(B) Institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule
change should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's Internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an e-mail to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include
File Number SR-NYSEAmex-2010-18 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NYSEAmex-2010-18. This
file number should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used.
To help the Commission process and review your comments more
efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all
comments on the Commission's Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments,
all written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that
are filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating
to the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person,
other than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance
with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site
viewing and printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F
Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between
the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of the filing will also be
available for inspection and copying at NYSE`s principal office and on
its Internet Web site at https://www.nyse.com. All comments received
will be posted without change; the Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR-NYSEAmex-2010-18 and should be submitted
on or before March 30, 2010.
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\22\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\22\
Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010-4909 Filed 3-8-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P