Requirements for DOL Agencies' Assessment of Occupational Health Risks, 44795-44797 [E9-20923]
Download as PDF
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 167 / Monday, August 31, 2009 / Proposed Rules
20001. The materials may also be
ordered via the AASHTO bookstore
located at the following URL: https://
www.aashto.org/aashto/home.nsf/
FrontPage.
[FR Doc. E9–20713 Filed 8–28–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910–22–P
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Office of the Secretary
29 CFR Part 2
RIN 1290–AA23
Requirements for DOL Agencies’
Assessment of Occupational Health
Risks
AGENCY: Office of the Secretary; Office
of the Assistant Secretary for Policy.
ACTION: Proposed rule; withdrawal.
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with PROPOSALS
SUMMARY: The Department of Labor
(‘‘Department’’ or ‘‘DOL’’) is
withdrawing its proposed rule
governing DOL agencies’ assessment of
occupational health risks. The proposed
rule sought to compile Department
procedures related to risk assessment
into a single regulation and included
new requirements aimed at establishing
consistent procedures intended to
promote greater public input and
awareness of the Department’s health
rulemakings.
DATES: This withdrawal is effective on
August 31, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Kathleen Franks, Office of Regulatory
and Programmatic Policy, Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Policy, U.S.
Department of Labor, (202) 693–5959.
This is not a toll-free number.
Individuals with hearing or speech
impairments may access the number
above via TTY by calling the toll-free
Federal Information Relay Service at
1–800–877–8339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On August 29, 2008, the Department
published in the Federal Register (73
FR 50909 Aug. 29, 2008) a notice of
proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to codify
DOL’s internal risk assessment
procedures for health standard
rulemakings that address workplace
exposure to toxic substances and
hazardous chemicals. The NPRM stated
that it summarized and would codify
DOL agencies’ existing risk assessment
paradigm and requested public
comment on two specific procedural
requirements: A new requirement that
DOL agencies issue an Advance Notice
VerDate Nov<24>2008
16:24 Aug 28, 2009
Jkt 217001
of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) as a
first step whenever developing a health
standard that would regulate workplace
exposure to toxic substances or
hazardous chemicals; and a requirement
that DOL agencies electronically post all
documents relied upon to develop such
health standards within fourteen days of
each regulatory step. Because the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and the Mine
Safety and Health Administration
(MSHA) are the only two agencies
within the Department that issue health
standards related to toxic substances
and hazardous chemicals, it was
anticipated that the proposed rule
would affect only those agencies.
The Department accepted public
comment on the NPRM for a period of
30 days. While some interested parties,
including members of Congress, urged
DOL to extend the public comment
period and requested that the
Department hold public hearings on the
proposal, the Department declined these
requests due to its desire to adhere to
the originally published timeframe for
completion of this rulemaking.
The Department received comments
in response to the NPRM from a variety
of sources, including members of
Congress, private citizens, labor unions,
worker advocacy organizations, industry
associations, employer groups, and risk
assessment experts. The majority of the
commenters were opposed to the
rulemaking.1
II. Reasons for Withdrawal of Proposed
Rule
After careful review of the comments
and upon reconsideration of the issues
involved in this rulemaking, the
Department has decided to withdraw
the proposed rule. As described below,
the two proposed requirements are
unnecessary. Moreover, given the nature
of the issues, the Department believes
that it is more useful to continue
describing its internal risk assessment
policies through guidance rather than
through promulgation of a regulation.
Proposed ANPRM Requirement. The
proposal would have required DOL
agencies to issue an ANPRM in every
rulemaking for a health standard
involving toxic substances or hazardous
chemicals, apart from emergency
temporary standards. Many commenters
were opposed to this new requirement.
See, e.g., Exs. 7.1; 16.1; 42.1; and 48.1.2
Some commenters, including members
1 Comments are available for review at https://
www.regulations.gov. Reference Docket Number:
DOL–2008–0002.
2 ‘‘Ex.’’ Refers to exhibits included in the
rulemaking docket, which can be referenced using
the URL provided in Footnote 1, supra.
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44795
of Congress and Senators, employer
groups, and worker advocacy
organizations claimed that an ANPRM is
not always useful and that imposing an
ANPRM requirement in a health
standard rulemaking when it was not
necessary would unduly delay the
rulemaking. See, e.g., Exs. 32.1; 37.1;
and 42.1. They argued that this in turn
could harm workers by unnecessarily
delaying the introduction of the health
protections required by the standard.
Labor unions and worker advocacy
organizations also claimed that
requiring an unnecessary ANPRM
would divert agency resources from
other rulemaking efforts. See, e.g., Exs.
45.1 and 48.1.
The current policy of both OSHA and
MSHA is to publish an ANPRM only if
the agency believes it will be beneficial
to the rulemaking. This decision is
made on a case-by-case basis. In light of
the comments to the proposal and after
reconsideration of the proposed ANPRM
requirement, the Department has
determined that OSHA and MSHA
should continue to follow their current
ANPRM policy.
The Department believes that an
ANPRM can be a valuable part of the
rulemaking process in the right
circumstances, but that an inflexible
requirement would not fit the varied
circumstances in which rulemakings are
conducted and could cause unnecessary
delays. When an agency lacks important
information needed to develop an
effective proposed rule, an ANPRM
provides one means of attempting to
obtain that information. However, there
are times when an agency has sufficient
information to issue a successful
proposed rule without taking that step.
Avoiding an ANPRM in these situations
allows the agency to more effectively
use its rulemaking resources. There are
also many other ways in which OSHA
and MSHA can obtain needed
information without using an ANPRM,
such as holding stakeholder meetings,
conducting surveys, consulting advisory
committees, doing site visits, issuing
Requests for Information, conducting
peer reviews, and, in the case of OSHA,
obtaining small entity (including small
business) input through procedures
required by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5
U.S.C. 609(b)). By allowing the agency
to decide whether or not to use an
ANPRM for a rulemaking, the agency
retains flexibility to choose the
information gathering methods that it
has determined will best fit each
individual situation.
Proposed Electronic Posting
Requirement. The proposal would have
required the Department to make
E:\FR\FM\31AUP1.SGM
31AUP1
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with PROPOSALS
44796
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 167 / Monday, August 31, 2009 / Proposed Rules
available, on https://www.regulations.gov
or https://www.dol.gov, ‘‘all relevant
documents related to a rulemaking
addressing occupational exposure to
toxic substances and hazardous
chemicals no later than fourteen days
after the conclusion of the relevant
rulemaking step that relied upon or
utilized those documents.’’ 73 FR at
50914. Commenters such as some
industry associations and employer
groups, who addressed this issue
generally supported the electronic
posting requirement and its goal of
transparency in rulemaking. See, e.g.,
Exs. 11.1; 25.1; 32.1; and 38.1. Several
commenters, including labor unions,
other employer groups, and industry
associations however, pointed out that
the Department is already required to,
and does, make rulemaking information
available online. See, e.g., Exs. 17.1;
32.1; and 35.1. Indeed, the EGovernment Act of 2002 requires all
federal agencies to maintain a publicly
accessible website containing electronic
dockets for rulemakings. Public Law No.
107–347, Title II, 201 to 216 (codified as
44 U.S.C. 3501 note), at 206(d)(1). All
public comments, as well as ‘‘other
materials that by agency rule or practice
are included in the rulemaking docket’’
are required to be made available to the
public via the electronic docket. Public
Law No. 107–347, Title II, at
206(d)(2)(A), (B). To implement the EGovernment Act and provide the public
with a single government-wide access
point for rulemaking information and
submissions, federal agencies were
required to consolidate all electronic
rulemaking dockets on https://
www.regulations.gov. Office of
Management and Budget (OMB),
Implementation Guidance for the EGovernment Act of 2002, M–03–18
(Aug. 1, 2003), available at https://
www.whitehouse.gov/omb/memoranda/
m03-18.pdf. The E-Government Act
built on previous efforts to use
information technology to provide
citizens with easier access to
government information and
participation. See, e.g., OMB,
Redundant Information Systems
Relating to On-Line Rulemaking
Initiative, M–02–08 (May 6, 2002),
available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/
omb/memoranda/m02-08.pdf.
Pursuant to the E-Government Act, it
is the practice of both OSHA and MSHA
to post, in a timely manner, information
relevant to agency rulemakings on
https://www.regulations.gov. This
includes the posting of all scientific
studies that are relied upon in the
rulemaking. The Department has
determined, therefore, that the proposed
VerDate Nov<24>2008
16:24 Aug 28, 2009
Jkt 217001
electronic posting requirement is
duplicative of E-Government Act
requirements and is not needed.
Other Requirements. The proposed
regulatory text also stated that agency
risk assessments must, when the data
are available, use industry-by-industry
evidence relating to working life
exposures. Proposed 29 CFR 2.9(c)(3),
73 FR at 50915. Of the commenters that
discussed the ‘‘industry-by-industry’’
language, the majority, including
members of Congress and Senators, risk
assessment experts, worker advocacy
organizations, and labor unions viewed
it as a departure from the Department’s
existing longstanding practice of using a
45-year working life assumption for
selecting exposure limits for health
standards. See, e.g., Exs. 18.1; 23; 28.1;
42.1; and 48.1. Some employer groups
and industry associations, however,
expressed support for using industryspecific data to develop working life
assumptions. See, e.g., Exs. 27.1; 31.1;
and 35.1.
Section 6(b)(5) of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act requires the
agency to regulate in a manner that
‘‘most adequately assures * * * that no
employee will suffer material
impairment of health or functional
capacity even if such employee has
regular exposure to the hazard * * * for
the period of his working life.’’ 29
U.S.C. 655(b)(5). The Mine Act has
nearly identical language, except that it
refers to miners rather than employees.
30 U.S.C. 811(a)(6)(A). To implement
these provisions, it has been the
Department’s longstanding practice to
use a general 45-year working life
assumption. This practice is not based
on empirical data that most employees
are exposed to the hazard for 45 years.
Rather, it is based on the statutory
directive that ‘‘no employee’’ suffer
material impairment ‘‘even if’’ such
employee is exposed for the period of
his or her working life. The
Department’s practice of using a 45-year
working life has won judicial approval.
See, e.g., Building and Constr. Trades
Dep’t, AFL–CIO v. Brock, 838 F.2d 1258,
1264–65 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (explaining
that the assumption of a 45-year
working life ‘‘appear[ed] to conform to
the intent of Congress’’); for examples of
DOL standards using a 45-year working
life, see Asbestos, 51 FR 22612, 22648
(June 20, 1986); Bloodborne Pathogens,
56 FR 64004, 64031 (Dec. 6, 1991);
Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure of
Underground Coal Miners, 66 FR 5526,
5663–64 (Jan. 19, 2001); Hexavalent
Chromium, 71 FR 10100, 10224 (Feb.
28, 2006).
OSHA and MSHA have not conducted
separate industry-by-industry analyses
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
of working life for their risk
assessments. The Department has
consistently rejected the claim that it
must conduct a separate risk assessment
for each industry regulated by a
standard. Public Citizen Health
Research Group v. U.S. Dep’t of Labor,
557 F.3d 165, 186–188 (3d Cir. 2009);
American Dental Ass’n v. Martin, 984 F.
2d 823, 827 (7th Cir. 1993); UAW v.
OSHA, 37 F.3d 665, 670 (D.C. Cir.
1994); Control of Hazardous Energy
Sources (Lockout/Tagout), OSHA
Supplemental Statement of Reasons, 58
FR 16612–02, 16620–16621 (Mar. 30,
1993).
Guidance versus Regulation. The
Department received a small number of
comments, from risk assessment
experts, policy groups, and labor unions
that questioned the need for a regulation
when it was possible to issue internal
guidance instead. All of these
commenters argued that the risk
assessment rulemaking was unnecessary
because the Department already has risk
assessment guidance and because
guidance rather than regulation is the
more appropriate format for such
internal Department procedures. See,
e.g., Exs. 26.1; 32.1; 46.1; and 48.1.
Upon reconsideration of this issue, the
Department has concluded that a risk
assessment rulemaking is not necessary.
The Department believes that guidance,
as opposed to regulation, is a more
suitable vehicle for its internal risk
assessment procedures and allows the
Department more flexibility to quickly
adapt and improve its risk assessment
procedures in the future. Compared to
changes to internal guidance, changes to
a regulation would take far more time
and require a lengthy notice and
comment rulemaking.
Other Issues. There were a number of
other issues addressed in public
comments to the proposed rule. These
issues included: (1) Whether the rule
was a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’
under Executive Order 12866, thus
requiring a cost/benefit analysis before
promulgating the rule; (2) whether the
rule was substantive or procedural and,
if substantive, whether proper
rulemaking procedures were followed;
(3) whether the rule was appropriately
issued under 5 U.S.C. 301; and (4)
whether the Assistant Secretary for
Policy had a proper delegation of
authority to issue the rule. The
Department notes that these and other
issues raised by commenters, while
important, are no longer relevant given
the Department’s decision to terminate
the rulemaking.
Withdrawal. For the reasons
discussed above, the Department is
withdrawing its risk assessment
E:\FR\FM\31AUP1.SGM
31AUP1
Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 167 / Monday, August 31, 2009 / Proposed Rules
rulemaking, effective on August 31,
2009.
Authority and Signature.
Megan Uzzell,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Policy.
[FR Doc. E9–20923 Filed 8–28–09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510–23–P
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Office of the Secretary
32 CFR Part 199
[DoD–2008–HA–0090; RIN 0720–AB23]
TRICARE; Off-Label Uses of Devices;
Partial List of Examples of Unproven
Drugs, Devices, and Medical
Treatments or Procedures
sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with PROPOSALS
AGENCY: Office of the Secretary,
Department of Defense.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
SUMMARY: The Department of Defense is
publishing this proposed rule to revise
the definition of ‘‘unlabeled or off-label
drug’’ to ‘‘off-label use of a drug or
device.’’ This revision is consistent with
the regulatory framework under the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Additionally, this rule removes the
partial list of examples of unproven
drugs, devices, and medical treatments
or procedures proscribed in TRICARE
regulations. As it is determined that
reliable evidence demonstrates that
previously unproven drugs, devices,
and medical treatments or procedures
have proven medical effectiveness,
TRICARE has removed them from the
list and authorized medically necessary
care. This revision removing the partial
list is necessary as the list will never be
completely current, and is only a partial
list of examples. The removal of this
partial list does not change or eliminate
any benefits that are currently available
under the TRICARE program.
DATES: Written comments received at
the address indicated below by October
30, 2009 will be accepted.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments,
identified by docket number and/or
Regulatory Information Number (RIN)
number and title, by either of the
following methods:
• Federal Rulemaking Portal: https://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the
instructions for submitting comments.
• Mail: Federal Docket Management
System Office, 1160 Defense Pentagon,
Washington, DC 20301–1160.
Instructions: All submissions received
must include the agency name and
docket number or RIN for this Federal
Register document. The general policy
VerDate Nov<24>2008
16:24 Aug 28, 2009
Jkt 217001
for comments and other submissions
from members of the public is to make
these submissions available for public
viewing on the Internet at https://
www.regulations.gov as they are
received without change, including any
personal identifiers or contact
information.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
´
Rene L. Morrell, TRICARE Management
Activity, Medical Benefits and
Reimbursement Branch, telephone (303)
676–3618.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This
proposed rule revises the definition of
‘‘unlabeled or off-label drug’’ to ‘‘offlabel use of a drug or device.’’ This
revision is consistent with the
regulatory framework under the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
301 et seq.). Additionally, this proposed
rule removes the partial list of examples
of unproven drugs, devices, and medical
treatments or procedures proscribed
under § 199.4(g)(15).
Off-Label Uses of Devices
On January 6, 1997, the Office of the
Secretary of Defense published a final
rule in the Federal Register (62 FR 627–
631) clarifying the TRICARE exclusion
of unproven drugs, devices, and medical
treatments or procedures and adding the
TRICARE definition of unlabeled or offlabel drugs. This rule also added the
provision for coverage of unlabeled or
off-label uses of drugs that are Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) approved
drugs that are prescribed or
administered by a health care
practitioner and are used for indications
or treatments not included in the
approved labeling. We are now
modifying the definition of ‘‘unlabeled
or off-label drug’’ to ‘‘off-label use of a
drug or device’’ to be consistent with
the regulatory framework under the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) However, this
proposed rule does not present new
agency policy. Rather, it corrects an
error and omission from the current
rule. Coverage is limited to those
indications for which there is reliable
evidence, as defined in section 199.2,
sufficient to establish that the off-label
use is safe, effective, and in accordance
with nationally accepted standards of
practice in the medical community. In
addition, the off-label use must be
reviewed for medical necessity.
Partial List of Examples of Unproven
Drugs, Devices, and Medical
Treatments or Procedures
By law, TRICARE can only cost-share
medically necessary supplies and
services. Any drug, device, and medical
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 4702
Sfmt 4702
44797
treatment or procedure, the safety and
efficacy of which have not been
established, as described in
§ 199.4(g)(15), is unproven and cannot
be cost-shared by TRICARE except as
authorized under § 199.4(e)(26). The
current regulation and program policy
provide a partial list of examples of
unproven drugs, devices, and medical
treatments or procedures that are
excluded from benefits. The intent of
this partial list was to provide
information on specific examples of
emerging drugs, devices, and medical
treatments or procedures determined to
be unproven by TRICARE based on
review of current reliable evidence. Due
to the rapid and extensive changes in
medical technology it is not feasible to
maintain this list in the regulation.
Removal of this partial list of examples
does not change the exclusion of
unproven drugs, devices, and medical
treatments or procedures. Removal of
the partial list of examples does not
change the process TRICARE follows in
determining for purposes of benefit
coverage when a drug, device, and
medical treatment or procedure has
moved from the status of unproven to
proven medical effectiveness. The intent
of this revision is to ensure that benefit
determinations are made based on
current reliable evidence rather than
relying on outdated regulatory and
policy provisions.
Regulatory Procedures
Executive Order 12866, ‘‘Regulatory
Planning and Review’’
Section 801 of Title 5, U.S.C., and
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 require
certain regulatory assessments and
procedures for any major rule or
significant regulatory action, defined as
one that would result in an annual effect
of $100 million or more on the national
economy or which would have other
substantial impacts. It has been certified
that this rule is not an economically
significant rule, however, it is a
regulatory action which has been
reviewed by the Office of Management
and Budget as required under the
provisions of E.O. 12866.
Sec. 202, Public Law 104–4, ‘‘Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act’’
It has been certified that this rule does
not contain a Federal mandate that may
result in the expenditure by State, local
and tribal governments, in aggregate, or
by the private sector, of $100 million or
more in any one year.
E:\FR\FM\31AUP1.SGM
31AUP1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 167 (Monday, August 31, 2009)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 44795-44797]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E9-20923]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Office of the Secretary
29 CFR Part 2
RIN 1290-AA23
Requirements for DOL Agencies' Assessment of Occupational Health
Risks
AGENCY: Office of the Secretary; Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Policy.
ACTION: Proposed rule; withdrawal.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Department of Labor (``Department'' or ``DOL'') is
withdrawing its proposed rule governing DOL agencies' assessment of
occupational health risks. The proposed rule sought to compile
Department procedures related to risk assessment into a single
regulation and included new requirements aimed at establishing
consistent procedures intended to promote greater public input and
awareness of the Department's health rulemakings.
DATES: This withdrawal is effective on August 31, 2009.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathleen Franks, Office of Regulatory
and Programmatic Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy,
U.S. Department of Labor, (202) 693-5959. This is not a toll-free
number. Individuals with hearing or speech impairments may access the
number above via TTY by calling the toll-free Federal Information Relay
Service at 1-800-877-8339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On August 29, 2008, the Department published in the Federal
Register (73 FR 50909 Aug. 29, 2008) a notice of proposed rulemaking
(NPRM) to codify DOL's internal risk assessment procedures for health
standard rulemakings that address workplace exposure to toxic
substances and hazardous chemicals. The NPRM stated that it summarized
and would codify DOL agencies' existing risk assessment paradigm and
requested public comment on two specific procedural requirements: A new
requirement that DOL agencies issue an Advance Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking (ANPRM) as a first step whenever developing a health
standard that would regulate workplace exposure to toxic substances or
hazardous chemicals; and a requirement that DOL agencies electronically
post all documents relied upon to develop such health standards within
fourteen days of each regulatory step. Because the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health
Administration (MSHA) are the only two agencies within the Department
that issue health standards related to toxic substances and hazardous
chemicals, it was anticipated that the proposed rule would affect only
those agencies.
The Department accepted public comment on the NPRM for a period of
30 days. While some interested parties, including members of Congress,
urged DOL to extend the public comment period and requested that the
Department hold public hearings on the proposal, the Department
declined these requests due to its desire to adhere to the originally
published timeframe for completion of this rulemaking.
The Department received comments in response to the NPRM from a
variety of sources, including members of Congress, private citizens,
labor unions, worker advocacy organizations, industry associations,
employer groups, and risk assessment experts. The majority of the
commenters were opposed to the rulemaking.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Comments are available for review at https://www.regulations.gov. Reference Docket Number: DOL-2008-0002.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Reasons for Withdrawal of Proposed Rule
After careful review of the comments and upon reconsideration of
the issues involved in this rulemaking, the Department has decided to
withdraw the proposed rule. As described below, the two proposed
requirements are unnecessary. Moreover, given the nature of the issues,
the Department believes that it is more useful to continue describing
its internal risk assessment policies through guidance rather than
through promulgation of a regulation.
Proposed ANPRM Requirement. The proposal would have required DOL
agencies to issue an ANPRM in every rulemaking for a health standard
involving toxic substances or hazardous chemicals, apart from emergency
temporary standards. Many commenters were opposed to this new
requirement. See, e.g., Exs. 7.1; 16.1; 42.1; and 48.1.\2\ Some
commenters, including members of Congress and Senators, employer
groups, and worker advocacy organizations claimed that an ANPRM is not
always useful and that imposing an ANPRM requirement in a health
standard rulemaking when it was not necessary would unduly delay the
rulemaking. See, e.g., Exs. 32.1; 37.1; and 42.1. They argued that this
in turn could harm workers by unnecessarily delaying the introduction
of the health protections required by the standard. Labor unions and
worker advocacy organizations also claimed that requiring an
unnecessary ANPRM would divert agency resources from other rulemaking
efforts. See, e.g., Exs. 45.1 and 48.1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ ``Ex.'' Refers to exhibits included in the rulemaking
docket, which can be referenced using the URL provided in Footnote
1, supra.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The current policy of both OSHA and MSHA is to publish an ANPRM
only if the agency believes it will be beneficial to the rulemaking.
This decision is made on a case-by-case basis. In light of the comments
to the proposal and after reconsideration of the proposed ANPRM
requirement, the Department has determined that OSHA and MSHA should
continue to follow their current ANPRM policy.
The Department believes that an ANPRM can be a valuable part of the
rulemaking process in the right circumstances, but that an inflexible
requirement would not fit the varied circumstances in which rulemakings
are conducted and could cause unnecessary delays. When an agency lacks
important information needed to develop an effective proposed rule, an
ANPRM provides one means of attempting to obtain that information.
However, there are times when an agency has sufficient information to
issue a successful proposed rule without taking that step. Avoiding an
ANPRM in these situations allows the agency to more effectively use its
rulemaking resources. There are also many other ways in which OSHA and
MSHA can obtain needed information without using an ANPRM, such as
holding stakeholder meetings, conducting surveys, consulting advisory
committees, doing site visits, issuing Requests for Information,
conducting peer reviews, and, in the case of OSHA, obtaining small
entity (including small business) input through procedures required by
the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5 U.S.C.
609(b)). By allowing the agency to decide whether or not to use an
ANPRM for a rulemaking, the agency retains flexibility to choose the
information gathering methods that it has determined will best fit each
individual situation.
Proposed Electronic Posting Requirement. The proposal would have
required the Department to make
[[Page 44796]]
available, on https://www.regulations.gov or https://www.dol.gov, ``all
relevant documents related to a rulemaking addressing occupational
exposure to toxic substances and hazardous chemicals no later than
fourteen days after the conclusion of the relevant rulemaking step that
relied upon or utilized those documents.'' 73 FR at 50914. Commenters
such as some industry associations and employer groups, who addressed
this issue generally supported the electronic posting requirement and
its goal of transparency in rulemaking. See, e.g., Exs. 11.1; 25.1;
32.1; and 38.1. Several commenters, including labor unions, other
employer groups, and industry associations however, pointed out that
the Department is already required to, and does, make rulemaking
information available online. See, e.g., Exs. 17.1; 32.1; and 35.1.
Indeed, the E-Government Act of 2002 requires all federal agencies to
maintain a publicly accessible website containing electronic dockets
for rulemakings. Public Law No. 107-347, Title II, 201 to 216 (codified
as 44 U.S.C. 3501 note), at 206(d)(1). All public comments, as well as
``other materials that by agency rule or practice are included in the
rulemaking docket'' are required to be made available to the public via
the electronic docket. Public Law No. 107-347, Title II, at
206(d)(2)(A), (B). To implement the E-Government Act and provide the
public with a single government-wide access point for rulemaking
information and submissions, federal agencies were required to
consolidate all electronic rulemaking dockets on https://www.regulations.gov. Office of Management and Budget (OMB),
Implementation Guidance for the E-Government Act of 2002, M-03-18 (Aug.
1, 2003), available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/memoranda/m03-18.pdf. The E-Government Act built on previous efforts to use
information technology to provide citizens with easier access to
government information and participation. See, e.g., OMB, Redundant
Information Systems Relating to On-Line Rulemaking Initiative, M-02-08
(May 6, 2002), available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/memoranda/m02-08.pdf.
Pursuant to the E-Government Act, it is the practice of both OSHA
and MSHA to post, in a timely manner, information relevant to agency
rulemakings on https://www.regulations.gov. This includes the posting of
all scientific studies that are relied upon in the rulemaking. The
Department has determined, therefore, that the proposed electronic
posting requirement is duplicative of E-Government Act requirements and
is not needed.
Other Requirements. The proposed regulatory text also stated that
agency risk assessments must, when the data are available, use
industry-by-industry evidence relating to working life exposures.
Proposed 29 CFR 2.9(c)(3), 73 FR at 50915. Of the commenters that
discussed the ``industry-by-industry'' language, the majority,
including members of Congress and Senators, risk assessment experts,
worker advocacy organizations, and labor unions viewed it as a
departure from the Department's existing longstanding practice of using
a 45-year working life assumption for selecting exposure limits for
health standards. See, e.g., Exs. 18.1; 23; 28.1; 42.1; and 48.1. Some
employer groups and industry associations, however, expressed support
for using industry-specific data to develop working life assumptions.
See, e.g., Exs. 27.1; 31.1; and 35.1.
Section 6(b)(5) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act requires
the agency to regulate in a manner that ``most adequately assures * * *
that no employee will suffer material impairment of health or
functional capacity even if such employee has regular exposure to the
hazard * * * for the period of his working life.'' 29 U.S.C. 655(b)(5).
The Mine Act has nearly identical language, except that it refers to
miners rather than employees. 30 U.S.C. 811(a)(6)(A). To implement
these provisions, it has been the Department's longstanding practice to
use a general 45-year working life assumption. This practice is not
based on empirical data that most employees are exposed to the hazard
for 45 years. Rather, it is based on the statutory directive that ``no
employee'' suffer material impairment ``even if'' such employee is
exposed for the period of his or her working life. The Department's
practice of using a 45-year working life has won judicial approval.
See, e.g., Building and Constr. Trades Dep't, AFL-CIO v. Brock, 838
F.2d 1258, 1264-65 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (explaining that the assumption of
a 45-year working life ``appear[ed] to conform to the intent of
Congress''); for examples of DOL standards using a 45-year working
life, see Asbestos, 51 FR 22612, 22648 (June 20, 1986); Bloodborne
Pathogens, 56 FR 64004, 64031 (Dec. 6, 1991); Diesel Particulate Matter
Exposure of Underground Coal Miners, 66 FR 5526, 5663-64 (Jan. 19,
2001); Hexavalent Chromium, 71 FR 10100, 10224 (Feb. 28, 2006).
OSHA and MSHA have not conducted separate industry-by-industry
analyses of working life for their risk assessments. The Department has
consistently rejected the claim that it must conduct a separate risk
assessment for each industry regulated by a standard. Public Citizen
Health Research Group v. U.S. Dep't of Labor, 557 F.3d 165, 186-188 (3d
Cir. 2009); American Dental Ass'n v. Martin, 984 F. 2d 823, 827 (7th
Cir. 1993); UAW v. OSHA, 37 F.3d 665, 670 (D.C. Cir. 1994); Control of
Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout), OSHA Supplemental Statement
of Reasons, 58 FR 16612-02, 16620-16621 (Mar. 30, 1993).
Guidance versus Regulation. The Department received a small number
of comments, from risk assessment experts, policy groups, and labor
unions that questioned the need for a regulation when it was possible
to issue internal guidance instead. All of these commenters argued that
the risk assessment rulemaking was unnecessary because the Department
already has risk assessment guidance and because guidance rather than
regulation is the more appropriate format for such internal Department
procedures. See, e.g., Exs. 26.1; 32.1; 46.1; and 48.1. Upon
reconsideration of this issue, the Department has concluded that a risk
assessment rulemaking is not necessary. The Department believes that
guidance, as opposed to regulation, is a more suitable vehicle for its
internal risk assessment procedures and allows the Department more
flexibility to quickly adapt and improve its risk assessment procedures
in the future. Compared to changes to internal guidance, changes to a
regulation would take far more time and require a lengthy notice and
comment rulemaking.
Other Issues. There were a number of other issues addressed in
public comments to the proposed rule. These issues included: (1)
Whether the rule was a ``significant regulatory action'' under
Executive Order 12866, thus requiring a cost/benefit analysis before
promulgating the rule; (2) whether the rule was substantive or
procedural and, if substantive, whether proper rulemaking procedures
were followed; (3) whether the rule was appropriately issued under 5
U.S.C. 301; and (4) whether the Assistant Secretary for Policy had a
proper delegation of authority to issue the rule. The Department notes
that these and other issues raised by commenters, while important, are
no longer relevant given the Department's decision to terminate the
rulemaking.
Withdrawal. For the reasons discussed above, the Department is
withdrawing its risk assessment
[[Page 44797]]
rulemaking, effective on August 31, 2009.
Authority and Signature.
Megan Uzzell,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Policy.
[FR Doc. E9-20923 Filed 8-28-09; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-23-P