Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the System for Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulations, 42646-42648 [E8-16687]
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42646
Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 141 / Tuesday, July 22, 2008 / Notices
III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within thirty-five days of the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal
Register or within such longer period:
(i) As the Commission may designate up
to ninety days of such date if it finds
such longer period to be appropriate
and publishes its reasons for so finding
or (ii) as to which the self-regulatory
organization consents, the Commission
will:
(A) By order approve such proposed
rule change or
(B) Institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml) or
• Send an e-mail to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–DTC–2008–03 on the
subject line.
sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Secretary, Securities and Exchange
Commission, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–DTC–2008–03. This file
number should be included on the
subject line if e-mail is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
submission, all subsequent
amendments, all written statements
with respect to the proposed rule
change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for inspection and copying in
the Commission’s Public Reference
Section, 100 F Street, NE., Washington,
DC 20549, on official business days
between the hours of 10 am and 3 pm.
19:47 Jul 21, 2008
For the Commission by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.6
Florence E. Harmon,
Acting Secretary.
[FR Doc. E8–16717 Filed 7–21–08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–58158; File No. SR–OCC–
2007–20]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The
Options Clearing Corporation; Order
Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule
Change Relating to the System for
Theoretical Analysis and Numerical
Simulations
July 15, 2008.
Paper Comments
VerDate Aug<31>2005
Copies of such filings also will be
available for inspection and copying at
the principal office of DTC and on
DTC’s Web site at https://www.dtcc.com/
downloads/legal/rule_filings/2008/dtc/
2008–03.pdf. All comments received
will be posted without change; the
Commission does not edit personal
identifying information from
submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make
available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR–DTC–
2008–03 and should be submitted on or
before August 12, 2008.
Jkt 214001
I. Introduction
On December 14, 2007, The Options
Clearing Corporation (‘‘OCC’’) filed with
the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘Commission’’) proposed
rule change SR–OCC–2007–20 pursuant
to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’).1 Notice
of the proposal was published in the
Federal Register on February 12, 2008.2
No comment letters were received. For
the reasons discussed below, the
Commission is granting approval of the
proposed rule change.
II. Description
The proposed rule change permits the
incorporation of certain forms of
securities deposited as margin collateral
into OCC’s System for Theoretical
Analysis and Numerical Simulations
(‘‘STANS’’) risk management
methodology. The purpose of the
proposed rule change is to more
accurately measure the risk in clearing
members’ accounts and thereby permit
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 57270
(February 5, 2008), 73 FR 8098.
PO 00000
6 17
1 15
Frm 00105
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
OCC to set margin requirements that
more precisely reflect that risk. In
connection with this rule change, it is
also necessary to include additional
flexibility in determining the amount of
replacement collateral required when
securities deposited as margin are
withdrawn. In addition, because OCC
believes that certain existing
concentration limits and requirements
regarding minimum share prices are no
longer appropriately applied to
securities that are underlying securities
or to fund shares that track an index that
is an underlying index for covered
contracts, OCC is eliminating such
requirements with respect to such
securities.
Overview of Rule Changes. OCC will
incorporate certain common stocks and
ETFs (defined as ‘‘fund shares’’ in
Article I of OCC’s By-Laws) into the
STANS margin calculation process.3
STANS is a large-scale Monte Carlobased risk management methodology
used to measure risk associated with
portfolios of cleared contracts.
Currently, these forms of securities
when deposited as collateral to satisfy
margin requirements are priced on a
nightly basis and are assigned a value
equal to their end-of-day market price
minus the haircut applicable to that
form of collateral, an amount that varies
according to asset type. While this
method of valuing collateral has
generally served OCC well in the past,
it does not take into account the
potential risk-reducing impact that the
deposited collateral might have on a
clearing member’s portfolio. Under the
rule change, cleared options positions
and underlying securities in the forms
indicated above will be analyzed as a
single portfolio using STANS, thus
providing a more accurate valuation of
securities deposited as collateral in
relation to the other positions in the
account. The rule change will align risk
management techniques utilized to
manage market risk of options portfolios
with those used to value margin
deposits. There are two primary benefits
expected from the rule change. First,
margin requirements will be based on
the risk of the combined portfolio that
includes both cleared contracts and
deposited collateral, thereby allowing
the relevant intercorrelations of cleared
contracts and deposited collateral to be
taken into consideration rather than
treating securities deposited as
collateral as having fixed values.
Second, the coverage provided by a
3 For a description of STANS, refer to Securities
Exchange Act Release No. 53322 (February 15,
2006) 71 FR 9403 (February 23, 2006) (File No. SR–
OCC–2004–20).
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sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 141 / Tuesday, July 22, 2008 / Notices
particular asset class (e.g., shares of IBM
common stock) will be based on the
historical volatility of that particular
asset rather than by taking a flat
‘‘haircut’’ rate across a much broader
class of assets (e.g., 30% haircut for
common stock). For the period from
August 16, 2007, to September 10, 2007,
OCC staff computed margin
requirements for all existing accounts
according to this proposed approach.
The result showed an average daily
reduction in risk margin requirements of
approximately $1.2 billion, or 5%, as
compared to OCC’s current approach. At
the same time that average daily
collateral requirements will be reduced,
the STANS calculations will also
measure and compensate for added risk
arising where risks are positively
correlated rather than offsetting.
OCC is also adding an exception to
collateral minimum price and
concentration limits with respect to
certain securities deposited as collateral.
Currently, eligible collateral securities
deposited with OCC must (1) have a
market value greater than $10 per share
and (2) be traded on a national
securities exchange, the Nasdaq Global
Market, or the Nasdaq Capital Market.
Additionally, the aggregate value of
margin attributed to a single security
cannot exceed 10% of a clearing
member’s total margin requirement.
These criteria were designed to limit
deposits to liquid, readily marketable
securities and to avoid concentrations of
deposits in a single security. OCC is
adding an exception to these eligibility
and concentration requirements for
securities that are deliverable upon
exercise of a contract cleared by OCC or,
in the case of ETFs, that track an index
underlying cleared contracts whether or
not the particular ETF is an underlying
security. OCC believes that this
exception will permit and encourage the
use of collateral that closely hedges
related options positions. The exception
will apply only to the approximately
2,800 exchange-listed equity securities
that currently underlie listed options.
Thus, OCC’s existing minimum value
and concentration restrictions will
continue to apply to the approximate
7,200 exchange-listed equity securities
that do not underlie listed options.
OCC is also making a minor
amendment to the current requirement
that the aggregate value of margin
attributed to a single security cannot
exceed 10% of the total margin
requirement in an account. The
amendment will base the calculation on
the clearing member’s actual margin
deposits rather than the clearing
member’s total margin requirement in
the account. Thus, the requirement as
VerDate Aug<31>2005
19:47 Jul 21, 2008
Jkt 214001
amended will limit the value given to
deposits in any single security to no
more than 10% of the market value of
a member’s aggregate margin deposits in
the account. This test is very similar in
purpose and effect to the current test,
but OCC believes it will be much easier
to administer than the current test when
collateral is included in STANS.
In addition, OCC will need a different
means for addressing substitutions of
collateral where a security that has been
valued in STANS is being replaced
during the business day. STANS
performs multiple portfolio revaluations
during the business day using current
prices of collateral and cleared
contracts. While the revaluations
include updated positions in cleared
contracts reflecting intraday trading
activity, they do not at present include
updated collateral positions reflecting
withdrawals and substitutions. In
addition, it is operationally too
intensive, given the complexity of the
STANS methodology and the frequency
of substitution requests, to recalculate
the STANS requirement for each such
collateral withdrawal/deposit. Although
OCC intends ultimately to make further
systems changes to address these issues
in more efficient ways, OCC has
developed an approach that provides
the necessary protection to the clearing
system by taking a conservative view of
the estimated impact that a withdrawal/
deposit would have on the member’s
requirement.
OCC will treat margin collateral
substitutions and withdrawals in the
same manner that substitutions and
withdrawals of specific and escrow
deposits are treated. In the case of a
margin withdrawal or deposit, OCC will
incorporate an adjustment factor, based
on the historical volatility of the
security, equal to the estimated impact
(within the 99% confidence interval) of
the security on the projected liquidating
value of the account. For example, if a
clearing member deposited $300 in IBM
stock and IBM is given a risk adjustment
factor of 10%, the deposited stock
would be given a value of $270 ($300 ×
[100% ¥10%]) in intraday excess
collateral value to be used against
releases to account for the potential
negative risk impact of adding the stock
to the portfolio. If the clearing member
then released $200 of Google stock and
Google is given a risk adjustment factor
of 12%, the clearing member would be
required to maintain $224 ($200 ×
[100% + 12%]) in excess collateral to
account for the negative impact of
removing Google from the portfolio.
Changes to OCC’s Rules to Implement
the Foregoing Concepts. OCC’s Rule
601, ‘‘Margin Requirements,’’ currently
PO 00000
Frm 00106
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
42647
states in paragraph (c) that margin assets
may be incorporated into the Monte
Carlo calculations as an alternative to
valuing such assets under Rule 604,
‘‘Form of Margin Assets.’’ OCC now
proposes merely to add an
Interpretation to Rule 601 to indicate
that OCC is implementing this
alternative to the extent that it will be
incorporating common stocks and ETFs
into the STANS calculation of expected
net liquidating value. Rule 604(b)(4),
which governs the deposit of equity and
debt issues to satisfy margin
requirements, would be amended to
provide exceptions to the per share
minimum price and concentration
limits and to provide that concentration
limits will be measured in relation to
the aggregate margin on deposit rather
than to the margin requirement in an
account. Rule 604(b)(4) is also proposed
to be amended to reflect the fact that
Nasdaq is now registered as a national
securities exchange. An Interpretation is
proposed to be added to Rule 608,
‘‘Withdrawals of Margin,’’ to give OCC
the flexibility to adopt the interim
method of dealing with collateral
withdrawals and substitutions as
described above. The proposed changes
in Rules 609, ‘‘Intraday Margin,’’ and
706(c), ‘‘Cross-Margining Settlement
Procedures,’’ would reflect minor
conforming changes and nonsubstantive
updates to streamline the rules and add
flexibility.
OCC proposes to put all of the
foregoing proposed rule changes into
effect simultaneously upon appropriate
notice to clearing members once
systems changes needed for full
implementation are in place. The
published text of OCC’s Rules would
not be modified until that time although
this rule change would be published as
pending approval or approved but not
yet implemented, as the case may be.
III. Discussion
Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act
requires, among other things, that the
rules of a clearing agency be designed to
assure the safeguarding of securities and
funds which are in its custody or
control or for which it is responsible.4
The Commission approved OCC’s
STANS risk management methodology
for the purpose of calculating clearing
member margin in February 2006 and
has monitored the results of the
methodology through quarterly reports
from OCC.5 The proposed rule change to
include certain common stocks and
4 15
U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).
Exchange Act Release No. 53322
(February 15, 2006), 71 FR 9403 (February 25, 2006)
(File No. SR–OCC–2004–20).
5 Securities
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22JYN1
42648
Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 141 / Tuesday, July 22, 2008 / Notices
sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
fund shares deposited by OCC members
as margin in the daily STANS risk
calculation is consistent with the
purpose of the methodology, which is to
provide an accurate measure of the
market risk in a clearing member’s
account. The proposed rule change also
amends OCC’s rules regarding the
calculation of concentration limits and
collateral substitution to allow OCC to
more easily implement the inclusion of
margin deposits in the STANS
calculation. As noted above, OCC
expects to collect approximately 5
percent less margin under the proposed
rule change than it currently collects.
However, this is because of the
increased diversification benefit
allowed by the risk measurement under
STANS and not because of a decrease in
OCC’s risk tolerance in calculating
margin. Accordingly, because the
proposed rule change should not affect
the purpose of the STANS methodology
to provide OCC with sufficient collateral
in the event a member becomes
insolvent or otherwise fails to meet its
obligations to OCC, it should assure the
safeguarding of securities and funds
which are in OCC’s custody or control
or for which it is responsible.
The proposed rule change also adds
an exception to the collateral minimum
price and concentration limits in OCC’s
rules for securities that are deliverable
upon exercise of a contract cleared by
OCC or, in the case of ETFs, that track
an index underlying cleared contracts
whether or not the particular ETF is an
underlying security. The minimum
price and concentration limits in OCC’s
rules are designed to assure that OCC
will be able to collect sufficient
collateral in the event it needs to
liquidate securities deposited as margin.
This type of liquidity risk should not
apply if the security deposited as
margin is deliverable upon exercise of
the clearing member’s cleared contracts
or if the security is an exchange traded
fund that tracks an index underlying the
clearing member’s cleared contracts.
Accordingly, the proposed rule change
to add this exception to the collateral
minimum price and concentration
limits should not affect OCC’s ability to
assure the safeguarding of securities and
funds which are in OCC’s custody or
control or for which it is responsible.
IV. Conclusion
20:53 Jul 21, 2008
By the Commission.
Jill M. Peterson,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 08–1460 Filed 7–18–08; 1:25 pm]
For the Commission by the Division of
Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
authority.7
Florence E. Harmon,
Acting Secretary.
[FR Doc. E8–16687 Filed 7–21–08; 8:45 am]
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[File No. 500–1]
In the Matter of Typhoon Touch
Technologies, Inc.; Order of
Suspension of Trading
July 18, 2008.
It appears to the Securities and
Exchange Commission that the public
interest and the protection of investors
require a suspension of trading in the
securities of Typhoon Touch
Technologies, Inc., because there is a
lack of current and accurate information
concerning its securities. Questions
have arisen regarding a recent increase
in the share price from $8 to $25
following a 100 for one forward split
and during a period when no material
information about the company would
explain such a price increase. Also,
questions have been raised about the
accuracy and adequacy of publiclydisseminated information concerning,
among other things, the availability of
shares for trading and delivery, and the
current shareholders of the company.
Typhoon Touch Technologies, Inc., is
quoted on the Pink Sheets and the Over
the Counter Bulletin Board under the
ticker symbol TYTT.
The Commission is of the opinion that
the public interest and the protection of
the investors require a suspension of
trading in securities of the above-listed
company.
Therefore, it is ordered, pursuant to
Section 12(k) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, that trading in the abovelisted company is suspended for the
period from 9:30 a.m. EDT, July 18,
2008, through 11:59 p.m. EDT, on July
31, 2008.
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
[Disaster Declaration #11264 and #11265]
Iowa Disaster Number IA–00015
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Amendment 8.
AGENCY:
SUMMARY: This is an amendment of the
Presidential declaration of a major
disaster for the State of Iowa (FEMA–
1763–DR), dated 05/27/2008.
Incident: Severe Storms, Tornadoes,
and Flooding.
Incident Period: 05/25/2008 and
continuing.
Effective Date: 07/15/2008.
Physical Loan Application Deadline
Date: 09/29/2008.
EIDL Loan Application Deadline Date:
02/27/2009.
ADDRESSES: Submit completed loan
applications to: U.S. Small Business
Administration, Processing and
Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport
Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: A.
Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance,
U.S. Small Business Administration,
409 3rd Street, SW., Suite 6050,
Washington, DC 20416.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The notice
of the President’s major disaster
declaration for the State of Iowa, dated
05/27/2008, is hereby amended to
extend the deadline for filing
applications for physical damages as a
result of this disaster to 09/29/2008.
All other information in the original
declaration remains unchanged.
(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Numbers 59002 and 59008)
Herbert L. Mitchell,
Associate Administrator for Disaster
Assistance.
[FR Doc. E8–16680 Filed 7–21–08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8025–01–P
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Small Business Size Standards:
Waiver of the Nonmanufacturer Rule
U.S. Small Business
Administration.
ACTION: Notice of Retraction or
Reclassification of Waivers from the
Nonmanufacturer Rule for Industry
AGENCY:
On the basis of the foregoing, the
Commission finds that the proposed
rule change is consistent with the
requirements of the Act and in
VerDate Aug<31>2005
particular Section 17A of the Act and
the rules and regulations thereunder.6
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, that the
proposed rule change (File No. SR–
OCC–2007–20) be and hereby is
approved.
Jkt 214001
6 In
approving the proposed rule change, the
Commission considered the proposal’s impact on
efficiency, competition and capital formation. 15
U.S.C. 78c(f).
7 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
PO 00000
Frm 00107
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E:\FR\FM\22JYN1.SGM
22JYN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 141 (Tuesday, July 22, 2008)]
[Notices]
[Pages 42646-42648]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-16687]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-58158; File No. SR-OCC-2007-20]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Options Clearing Corporation;
Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change Relating to the
System for Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulations
July 15, 2008.
I. Introduction
On December 14, 2007, The Options Clearing Corporation (``OCC'')
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'')
proposed rule change SR-OCC-2007-20 pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'').\1\ Notice of the proposal
was published in the Federal Register on February 12, 2008.\2\ No
comment letters were received. For the reasons discussed below, the
Commission is granting approval of the proposed rule change.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 57270 (February 5,
2008), 73 FR 8098.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Description
The proposed rule change permits the incorporation of certain forms
of securities deposited as margin collateral into OCC's System for
Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulations (``STANS'') risk
management methodology. The purpose of the proposed rule change is to
more accurately measure the risk in clearing members' accounts and
thereby permit OCC to set margin requirements that more precisely
reflect that risk. In connection with this rule change, it is also
necessary to include additional flexibility in determining the amount
of replacement collateral required when securities deposited as margin
are withdrawn. In addition, because OCC believes that certain existing
concentration limits and requirements regarding minimum share prices
are no longer appropriately applied to securities that are underlying
securities or to fund shares that track an index that is an underlying
index for covered contracts, OCC is eliminating such requirements with
respect to such securities.
Overview of Rule Changes. OCC will incorporate certain common
stocks and ETFs (defined as ``fund shares'' in Article I of OCC's By-
Laws) into the STANS margin calculation process.\3\ STANS is a large-
scale Monte Carlo-based risk management methodology used to measure
risk associated with portfolios of cleared contracts. Currently, these
forms of securities when deposited as collateral to satisfy margin
requirements are priced on a nightly basis and are assigned a value
equal to their end-of-day market price minus the haircut applicable to
that form of collateral, an amount that varies according to asset type.
While this method of valuing collateral has generally served OCC well
in the past, it does not take into account the potential risk-reducing
impact that the deposited collateral might have on a clearing member's
portfolio. Under the rule change, cleared options positions and
underlying securities in the forms indicated above will be analyzed as
a single portfolio using STANS, thus providing a more accurate
valuation of securities deposited as collateral in relation to the
other positions in the account. The rule change will align risk
management techniques utilized to manage market risk of options
portfolios with those used to value margin deposits. There are two
primary benefits expected from the rule change. First, margin
requirements will be based on the risk of the combined portfolio that
includes both cleared contracts and deposited collateral, thereby
allowing the relevant intercorrelations of cleared contracts and
deposited collateral to be taken into consideration rather than
treating securities deposited as collateral as having fixed values.
Second, the coverage provided by a
[[Page 42647]]
particular asset class (e.g., shares of IBM common stock) will be based
on the historical volatility of that particular asset rather than by
taking a flat ``haircut'' rate across a much broader class of assets
(e.g., 30% haircut for common stock). For the period from August 16,
2007, to September 10, 2007, OCC staff computed margin requirements for
all existing accounts according to this proposed approach. The result
showed an average daily reduction in risk margin requirements of
approximately $1.2 billion, or 5%, as compared to OCC's current
approach. At the same time that average daily collateral requirements
will be reduced, the STANS calculations will also measure and
compensate for added risk arising where risks are positively correlated
rather than offsetting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ For a description of STANS, refer to Securities Exchange Act
Release No. 53322 (February 15, 2006) 71 FR 9403 (February 23, 2006)
(File No. SR-OCC-2004-20).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCC is also adding an exception to collateral minimum price and
concentration limits with respect to certain securities deposited as
collateral. Currently, eligible collateral securities deposited with
OCC must (1) have a market value greater than $10 per share and (2) be
traded on a national securities exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market, or
the Nasdaq Capital Market. Additionally, the aggregate value of margin
attributed to a single security cannot exceed 10% of a clearing
member's total margin requirement. These criteria were designed to
limit deposits to liquid, readily marketable securities and to avoid
concentrations of deposits in a single security. OCC is adding an
exception to these eligibility and concentration requirements for
securities that are deliverable upon exercise of a contract cleared by
OCC or, in the case of ETFs, that track an index underlying cleared
contracts whether or not the particular ETF is an underlying security.
OCC believes that this exception will permit and encourage the use of
collateral that closely hedges related options positions. The exception
will apply only to the approximately 2,800 exchange-listed equity
securities that currently underlie listed options. Thus, OCC's existing
minimum value and concentration restrictions will continue to apply to
the approximate 7,200 exchange-listed equity securities that do not
underlie listed options.
OCC is also making a minor amendment to the current requirement
that the aggregate value of margin attributed to a single security
cannot exceed 10% of the total margin requirement in an account. The
amendment will base the calculation on the clearing member's actual
margin deposits rather than the clearing member's total margin
requirement in the account. Thus, the requirement as amended will limit
the value given to deposits in any single security to no more than 10%
of the market value of a member's aggregate margin deposits in the
account. This test is very similar in purpose and effect to the current
test, but OCC believes it will be much easier to administer than the
current test when collateral is included in STANS.
In addition, OCC will need a different means for addressing
substitutions of collateral where a security that has been valued in
STANS is being replaced during the business day. STANS performs
multiple portfolio revaluations during the business day using current
prices of collateral and cleared contracts. While the revaluations
include updated positions in cleared contracts reflecting intraday
trading activity, they do not at present include updated collateral
positions reflecting withdrawals and substitutions. In addition, it is
operationally too intensive, given the complexity of the STANS
methodology and the frequency of substitution requests, to recalculate
the STANS requirement for each such collateral withdrawal/deposit.
Although OCC intends ultimately to make further systems changes to
address these issues in more efficient ways, OCC has developed an
approach that provides the necessary protection to the clearing system
by taking a conservative view of the estimated impact that a
withdrawal/deposit would have on the member's requirement.
OCC will treat margin collateral substitutions and withdrawals in
the same manner that substitutions and withdrawals of specific and
escrow deposits are treated. In the case of a margin withdrawal or
deposit, OCC will incorporate an adjustment factor, based on the
historical volatility of the security, equal to the estimated impact
(within the 99% confidence interval) of the security on the projected
liquidating value of the account. For example, if a clearing member
deposited $300 in IBM stock and IBM is given a risk adjustment factor
of 10%, the deposited stock would be given a value of $270 ($300 x
[100% -10%]) in intraday excess collateral value to be used against
releases to account for the potential negative risk impact of adding
the stock to the portfolio. If the clearing member then released $200
of Google stock and Google is given a risk adjustment factor of 12%,
the clearing member would be required to maintain $224 ($200 x [100% +
12%]) in excess collateral to account for the negative impact of
removing Google from the portfolio.
Changes to OCC's Rules to Implement the Foregoing Concepts. OCC's
Rule 601, ``Margin Requirements,'' currently states in paragraph (c)
that margin assets may be incorporated into the Monte Carlo
calculations as an alternative to valuing such assets under Rule 604,
``Form of Margin Assets.'' OCC now proposes merely to add an
Interpretation to Rule 601 to indicate that OCC is implementing this
alternative to the extent that it will be incorporating common stocks
and ETFs into the STANS calculation of expected net liquidating value.
Rule 604(b)(4), which governs the deposit of equity and debt issues to
satisfy margin requirements, would be amended to provide exceptions to
the per share minimum price and concentration limits and to provide
that concentration limits will be measured in relation to the aggregate
margin on deposit rather than to the margin requirement in an account.
Rule 604(b)(4) is also proposed to be amended to reflect the fact that
Nasdaq is now registered as a national securities exchange. An
Interpretation is proposed to be added to Rule 608, ``Withdrawals of
Margin,'' to give OCC the flexibility to adopt the interim method of
dealing with collateral withdrawals and substitutions as described
above. The proposed changes in Rules 609, ``Intraday Margin,'' and
706(c), ``Cross-Margining Settlement Procedures,'' would reflect minor
conforming changes and nonsubstantive updates to streamline the rules
and add flexibility.
OCC proposes to put all of the foregoing proposed rule changes into
effect simultaneously upon appropriate notice to clearing members once
systems changes needed for full implementation are in place. The
published text of OCC's Rules would not be modified until that time
although this rule change would be published as pending approval or
approved but not yet implemented, as the case may be.
III. Discussion
Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act requires, among other things, that
the rules of a clearing agency be designed to assure the safeguarding
of securities and funds which are in its custody or control or for
which it is responsible.\4\ The Commission approved OCC's STANS risk
management methodology for the purpose of calculating clearing member
margin in February 2006 and has monitored the results of the
methodology through quarterly reports from OCC.\5\ The proposed rule
change to include certain common stocks and
[[Page 42648]]
fund shares deposited by OCC members as margin in the daily STANS risk
calculation is consistent with the purpose of the methodology, which is
to provide an accurate measure of the market risk in a clearing
member's account. The proposed rule change also amends OCC's rules
regarding the calculation of concentration limits and collateral
substitution to allow OCC to more easily implement the inclusion of
margin deposits in the STANS calculation. As noted above, OCC expects
to collect approximately 5 percent less margin under the proposed rule
change than it currently collects. However, this is because of the
increased diversification benefit allowed by the risk measurement under
STANS and not because of a decrease in OCC's risk tolerance in
calculating margin. Accordingly, because the proposed rule change
should not affect the purpose of the STANS methodology to provide OCC
with sufficient collateral in the event a member becomes insolvent or
otherwise fails to meet its obligations to OCC, it should assure the
safeguarding of securities and funds which are in OCC's custody or
control or for which it is responsible.
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\4\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
\5\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 53322 (February 15,
2006), 71 FR 9403 (February 25, 2006) (File No. SR-OCC-2004-20).
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The proposed rule change also adds an exception to the collateral
minimum price and concentration limits in OCC's rules for securities
that are deliverable upon exercise of a contract cleared by OCC or, in
the case of ETFs, that track an index underlying cleared contracts
whether or not the particular ETF is an underlying security. The
minimum price and concentration limits in OCC's rules are designed to
assure that OCC will be able to collect sufficient collateral in the
event it needs to liquidate securities deposited as margin. This type
of liquidity risk should not apply if the security deposited as margin
is deliverable upon exercise of the clearing member's cleared contracts
or if the security is an exchange traded fund that tracks an index
underlying the clearing member's cleared contracts. Accordingly, the
proposed rule change to add this exception to the collateral minimum
price and concentration limits should not affect OCC's ability to
assure the safeguarding of securities and funds which are in OCC's
custody or control or for which it is responsible.
IV. Conclusion
On the basis of the foregoing, the Commission finds that the
proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and
in particular Section 17A of the Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder.\6\
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\6\ In approving the proposed rule change, the Commission
considered the proposal's impact on efficiency, competition and
capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
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It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,
that the proposed rule change (File No. SR-OCC-2007-20) be and hereby
is approved.
For the Commission by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\7\
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\7\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Florence E. Harmon,
Acting Secretary.
[FR Doc. E8-16687 Filed 7-21-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010-01-P