Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting Accelerated Approval of Proposed Rule Change and Amendment No. 1 Thereto To Eliminate Position and Exercise Limits for Options on the Russell 2000 Index, and To Specify That Certain Reduced-Value Options on Broad-Based Security Indexes Have No Position and Exercise Limits, 51878-51880 [E7-17784]
Download as PDF
51878
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 11, 2007 / Notices
Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. E7–17785 Filed 9–10–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–56350; File No. SR–
CBOE–2007–79]
Self-Regulatory Organizations;
Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Order Granting
Accelerated Approval of Proposed
Rule Change and Amendment No. 1
Thereto To Eliminate Position and
Exercise Limits for Options on the
Russell 2000 Index, and To Specify
That Certain Reduced-Value Options
on Broad-Based Security Indexes Have
No Position and Exercise Limits
September 4, 2007.
sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
I. Introduction
On July 17, 2007, the Chicago Board
Options Exchange, Incorporated
(‘‘CBOE’’ or ‘‘Exchange’’) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
(‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to section
19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4
thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to
eliminate position and exercise limits
for options on the Russell 2000 Index
(‘‘RUT’’) and to specify that reducedvalue options on broad-based security
indexes for which full-value options
have no position and exercise limits
similarly have no position and exercise
limits. On August 2, 2007, the Exchange
filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed
rule change. The proposed rule change
was published for comment in the
Federal Register on August 9, 2007 for
a 15-day comment period.3 The
Commission received no comments on
the proposed rule change. This order
approves the proposed rule change, as
modified by Amendment No. 1, on an
accelerated basis.
II. Description of the Proposal
CBOE proposes to amend Rules 24.4
and 24.5 to eliminate position and
exercise limits for options on RUT, a
broad-based security index. In
connection with this change, RUT
options would be subject to specific
reporting requirements and additional
margin provisions imposed by CBOE
with respect to options on the Standard
& Poor’s 500 Index (‘‘SPX’’), the
1 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
CFR 240.19b–4.
3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56191
(August 2, 2007), 72 FR 44894.
2 17
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19:37 Sep 10, 2007
Jkt 211001
Standard & Poor’s 100 Index (‘‘OEX’’),
the Dow Jones Industrial Average
(‘‘DJX’’), and the Nasdaq–100 Index
(‘‘NDX’’), other broad-based index
options that, under the Exchange’s
current rules, are not subject to position
and exercise limits.
The Exchange notes that in approving
the elimination of position and exercise
limits for SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX
options, the Commission considered the
enormous capitalization of each of these
indexes and the deep and liquid
markets for the securities underlying
each index that significantly reduced
concerns of market manipulation or
disruption in the underlying markets.4
CBOE noted that the market
capitalization of RUT, as of the date of
filing of the proposed rule change, was
$1.73 trillion and the average daily
trading volume (‘‘ADTV’’), in the
aggregate, for the component securities
of RUT, for the period as of three
months prior to the date of filing of the
proposed rule change, was 535 million
shares. For the same period, the ADTV
for options on RUT was 79,000
contracts.
The Exchange also states that in the
SPX/OEX/DJX/NDX Approval Orders,
the Commission noted that the financial
requirements imposed by both the
Exchange and the Commission serve to
address any concerns that an Exchange
member or its customer(s) may try to
maintain an inordinately large
unhedged position in the index options.
CBOE notes that these same financial
requirements would apply equally to
RUT options. The Exchange further
notes that it has the authority to impose
additional margin upon accounts
maintaining underhedged positions and
is able to monitor accounts to determine
when such action is warranted. As
noted in the Exchange’s rules, the
clearing firm carrying such an account
would be subject to capital charges
under Rule 15c3–1 under the Act 5 to
the extent of any resulting margin
deficiency.6
CBOE indicates that the Commission,
in the SPX/OEX/DJX/NDX Approval
Orders, relied substantially on the
Exchange’s ability to provide
surveillance and reporting safeguards to
4 See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 44994
(October 26, 2001), 66 FR 55722 (November 2, 2001)
(SR–CBOE–2001–22) (‘‘SPX/OEX/DJX Permanent
Approval Order’’); and 52650 (October 21, 2005), 70
FR 62147 (October 28, 2005) (SR–CBOE–2005–41)
(‘‘NDX Approval Order’’) (collectively, ‘‘SPX/OEX/
DJX/NDX Approval Orders’’). See also Securities
Exchange Act Release No. 40969 (January 22, 1999),
64 FR 4911 (February 1, 1999) (SR–CBOE–98–23)
(‘‘SPX/OEX/DJX Pilot Approval Order’’).
5 17 CFR 240.15c3–1.
6 See Interpretation and Policy .04 to CBOE Rule
24.4.
PO 00000
Frm 00107
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
detect and deter trading abuses arising
from the elimination of position and
exercise limits on SPX, OEX, DJX, and
NDX options. The Exchange represents
that it monitors the trading in RUT
options in the same manner as trading
in SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options and
that the current CBOE surveillance
procedures are adequate to continue
monitoring RUT options. In addition,
the Exchange intends to impose a
reporting requirement on CBOE
members or member organizations
(other than CBOE market-makers) that
trade RUT options. This reporting
requirement, which is currently
imposed on members who trade SPX,
OEX, and NDX options, would require
members or member organizations who
maintain in excess of 100,000 RUT
option contracts on the same side of the
market, for their own accounts or for the
account of customers, to report
information as to whether the positions
are hedged and provide documentation
as to how such contracts are hedged, in
a manner and form required by the
Exchange’s Department of Market
Regulation.7 The Exchange also would
be permitted to specify other reporting
requirements, as well as the limit at
which the reporting requirement may be
triggered.8
In addition, CBOE proposes to amend
Rule 24A.7 relating to the trading of
FLEX broad-based index options to
eliminate position and exercise limits
on FLEX RUT options, and to adopt for
FLEX RUT options the same 100,000
contract reporting requirement and the
additional margin provisions that
currently apply to FLEX SPX, OEX, and
NDX options. The Exchange believes
that eliminating position and exercise
limits for RUT options and FLEX RUT
options is consistent with CBOE rules
relating to similar broad-based indexes
and also would allow CBOE members
and their customers greater hedging and
investment opportunities.
The Exchange notes that it lists and
trades several reduced-value options on
broad-based indexes for which the
Exchange also lists and trades full-value
options (e.g., Mini-SPX Index (‘‘XSP’’)
options, Mini-Russell 2000 Index
(‘‘RMN’’) options, and Mini-Nasdaq–100
Index (‘‘MNX’’) options). The Exchange
states that when it received approval to
list and trade reduced-value options on
broad-based indexes, the proscribed
position and exercise limits were
equivalent to the reduced-value contract
7 See Interpretation and Policy .03 to CBOE Rule
24.4. The reporting requirement for DJX options is
triggered at 1 million contracts.
8 Id.
E:\FR\FM\11SEN1.SGM
11SEN1
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 11, 2007 / Notices
factor (e.g., 10) multiplied by the
applicable position and exercise limits
for the full-value option on the same
broad-based index. In other words, the
Exchange’s existing rules applicable to
position and exercise limits for fullvalue broad-based index options are
used to calculate the position and
exercise limits for reduced-value
options.
Conversely, when the Exchange’s
rules specifically state that certain fullvalue broad-based index options have
no position and exercise limits, the
same equally applies to reduced-value
options on those same broad-based
indexes. The Exchange proposes to
amend Rules 24.4 and 24.5 in order to
codify this provision. In addition,
because position and exercise limits for
reduced-value options are aggregated
with full-value options for purposes of
determining compliance with position
and exercise limits, the Exchange
proposes to amend Rules 24.4 and
24A.7 to reflect that such aggregation
will apply when calculating reporting
requirements.
Finally, the Exchange proposes to
make technical changes to Rules 24.4,
24.5, and 24A.7 to specify that there are
no position and exercise limits for
European-Style Exercise S&P 100 Index
options (‘‘XEO’’) and FLEX XEO
options, and to add XEO options to the
position reporting and margin rules.9
The Exchange notes that the only
difference between OEX and XEO
options is the manner in which the
respective contracts are exercised (i.e.
American-style versus European-style).
sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
III. Discussion
After careful review, the Commission
finds that the proposed rule change is
consistent with the requirements of the
Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder that are applicable to a
national securities exchange.10 In
particular, the Commission believes the
proposed rule change is consistent with
the requirements of section 6(b)(5) of the
Act, which requires that the rules of a
national securities exchange be
designed to prevent fraudulent and
manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principals of
trade, to foster cooperation and
coordination with persons engaged in
facilitating transactions in securities, to
remove impediments to and perfect the
mechanism of a free and open market
9 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 44556
(July 16, 2001), 66 FR 38046 (July 20, 2001) (SR–
CBOE–2001–39) (‘‘XEO Approval Order’’).
10 In approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission notes that it has considered the
proposed rule’s impact on efficiency, competition,
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
VerDate Aug<31>2005
17:06 Sep 10, 2007
Jkt 211001
and a national market system, and in
general to protect investors and the
public interest.11
Since the inception of standardized
options trading, the options exchanges
have had rules imposing limits on the
aggregate number of options contracts
that a member or customer could hold
or exercise. These rules are intended to
prevent the establishment of options
positions that can be used or might
create incentives to manipulate or
disrupt the underlying market so as to
benefit the holder of the options
position.
The Commission notes that it
continues to believe that the
fundamental purposes of position and
exercise limits remain valid.
Nevertheless, the Commission believes
that experience with the trading of
index options as well as enhanced
reporting requirements and the
Exchange’s surveillance capabilities
have made it possible to approve the
elimination of position and exercise
limits on certain broad-based index
options. Thus, in 2001, the Commission
approved a CBOE proposal to eliminate
permanently position and exercise
limits for options on SPX, OEX, and
DJX,12 and, in 2005, the Commission
approved a CBOE proposal to eliminate
permanently position and exercise
limits for options on NDX.13 The
Commission believes that the
considerations upon which it relied in
approving the elimination of position
and exercise limits for SPX, OEX, DJX,
and NDX options equally apply with
respect to options on RUT.
As noted by CBOE, the market
capitalization of RUT as of the date of
filing of the proposal was $1.73 trillion.
The ADTV for the period as of three
months prior to the date of filing of the
proposed rule change for all underlying
components of the index was 535
million shares. The Commission
believes that the enormous market
capitalization of RUT and the deep,
liquid market for the underlying
component securities significantly
reduce concerns regarding market
manipulation or disruption in the
underlying market. Removing position
and exercise limits for RUT options may
also bring additional depth and
liquidity, in terms of both volume and
open interest, to RUT options without
significantly increasing concerns
regarding intermarket manipulation or
disruption of the options or the
underlying securities.
11 15
U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
SPX/OEX/DJX Permanent Approval Order,
supra note 4.
13 See NDX Approval Order, supra note 4.
12 See
PO 00000
Frm 00108
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
51879
In addition, the Commission believes
that financial requirements imposed by
both the Exchange and the Commission
adequately address concerns that a
CBOE member or its customer may try
to maintain an inordinately large
unhedged position in RUT options.
Current risk-based haircut and margin
methodologies serve to limit the size of
positions maintained by any one
account by increasing the margin and/
or capital that a member must maintain
for a large position held by itself or by
its customer.14 Under the proposal,
CBOE also would have the authority
under its rules to impose a higher
margin requirement upon an account
maintaining an under-hedged position
when it determines a higher
requirement is warranted. As noted in
the CBOE rules, the clearing firm
carrying the account would be subject to
capital charges under Rule 15c3–1
under the Act to the extent of any
margin deficiency resulting from the
higher margin requirement.
In approving the elimination of
position and exercise limits for options
on the SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX, the
Commission took note of the enhanced
surveillance and reporting safeguards
that CBOE had adopted to allow it to
detect and deter trading abuses that
might arise as a result.15 CBOE
represents that it monitors trading in
RUT options in much the same manner
as trading in SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX
options. These safeguards, including the
100,000-contract reporting requirement
described above, would allow CBOE to
monitor large positions in order to
identify instances of potential risk and
to assess and respond to any market
concerns at an early stage. In this regard,
the Commission expects CBOE to take
prompt action, including timely
communication with the Commission
and other marketplace self-regulatory
organizations responsible for oversight
of trading in component stocks, should
any unanticipated adverse market
effects develop. Moreover, as previously
noted, the Exchange has the flexibility
to specify other reporting requirements,
as well as to vary the limit at which the
reporting requirements may be
triggered.
The Commission further notes that in
eliminating position and exercise limits
for FLEX RUT options, CBOE is
adopting the same additional rules for
these options that currently exist for
FLEX SPX, OEX, and NDX options.
14 See SPX/OEX/DJX Pilot Approval Order, supra
note 4.
15 See id. and NDX Approval Order, supra note
4.
E:\FR\FM\11SEN1.SGM
11SEN1
51880
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 11, 2007 / Notices
In addition, the Commission notes
that the Exchange’s existing rules
applicable to position and exercise
limits for full-value broad-based index
options are used to calculate the
position and exercise limits for reducedvalue options. The Exchange proposes
to amend its rules for those specified
broad-based index options that do not
have position and exercise limits to
specifically state that there will not be
position and exercise limits on the
reduced-value options on those same
broad-based index options. The
Exchange also proposes to amend its
rules to state that reduced-value options
will be aggregated with full-value
options when calculating reporting
requirements.
The Exchange also is making
technical corrections to its rules to
reflect that there are no position and
exercise limits for XEO options. The
Commission notes that position and
exercise limits for XEO options were
previously eliminated and CBOE is
simply updating its rules to reflect this
fact.16
The Commission finds good cause,
consistent with section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,17 to grant accelerated approval of
the proposed rule change prior to the
thirtieth day after the date of
publication of notice thereof in the
Federal Register. The Commission
notes, as stated above, that RUT has
similar characteristics to the other
broad-based indexes for which position
and exercise limits have been
eliminated for options on those indexes.
Specifically, the Commission believes
that the enormous market capitalization
of RUT and the deep, liquid market for
the underlying component securities
significantly reduce concerns regarding
market manipulation or disruption in
the underlying market. The Commission
received no comments regarding the
proposed rule change and the
Commission believes that the proposed
rule change raises no new regulatory
issues of material concern. The
Commission believes that accelerating
approval of the proposed rule change
will allow CBOE members and their
customers greater hedging and
investment opportunities with respect
to RUT options without further delay.
sroberts on PROD1PC70 with NOTICES
IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
section 19(b)(2) of the Act,18 that the
proposed rule change (SR–CBOE–2007–
16 See XEO Approval Order, supra note 9; see also
SPX/OEX/DJX Permanent Approval Order, supra
note 4.
17 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
18 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
VerDate Aug<31>2005
17:06 Sep 10, 2007
Jkt 211001
79), as modified by Amendment No. 1,
be, and it hereby is, approved on an
accelerated basis.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Market Regulation, pursuant to delegated
authority.19
Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. E7–17784 Filed 9–10–07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–56345; File No. SR–
NASDAQ–2007–058]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; The
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of
Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of
Proposed Rule Change Relating to
Step-Outs and Transfers of Sales Fees
August 31, 2007.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on June 7,
2007, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(‘‘Nasdaq’’) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (‘‘Commission’’)
the proposed rule change as described
in Items I, II, and III below, which Items
have been prepared primarily by
Nasdaq. Nasdaq filed the proposed rule
change pursuant to Section
19(b)(3)(A)(iii) of the Act 3 and Rule
19b–4(f)(6) 4 thereunder so that the
proposal was effective upon filing with
the Commission. The Commission is
publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change
from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
Nasdaq proposes to offer functionality
to allow Nasdaq members to process (i)
step-outs and (ii) transferals of Rule
7002 Sales Fees and similar fees of other
self-regulatory organizations (‘‘SROs’’)
and proposes to establish fees for these
services.
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission,
Nasdaq included statements concerning
the purpose of and basis for the
proposed rule change and discussed any
19 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(iii).
4 17 CFR 240.19b–4(f)(6).
1 15
PO 00000
Frm 00109
Fmt 4703
Sfmt 4703
comments it received on the proposed
rule change. The text of these statements
may be examined at the places specified
in Item IV below. Nasdaq has prepared
summaries, set forth in Sections A, B,
and C below, of the most significant
aspects of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
Nasdaq is proposing to allow Nasdaq
members to process step-outs and
transferals of Rule 7002 Sales Fees and
similar fees of other self-regulatory
organizations (‘‘SROs’’) through the
Nasdaq Exchange and is proposing to
establish fees for these services.
Step-Outs
A step-out is a mechanism for
transferring a broker’s position in a
security in a manner that does not
constitute a trade. In one form of a stepout, a party to a previously executed
trade transfers its position in the trade
to one or more other parties. For
example, a broker that buys a large
block of stock on behalf of several
broker-dealer customers may ‘‘step-out’’
of the trade to transfer and allocate its
position to the customers. Thus, under
this form of a step-out, there is a single
trade on a securities market, coupled
with an arrangement between one of the
trade counterparties and one or more
additional parties to shift the settlement
obligations for the trade to the
additional parties. In another form of
step-out, a broker uses a clearing-only
report to transfer its position from an
account at one clearing broker to an
account at another clearing broker for its
own internal accounting purposes.
Historically, when The Nasdaq Stock
Market, Inc. (‘‘Nasdaq Inc.’’) operated as
a facility of the National Association of
Securities Dealers (‘‘NASD’’), step-outs
were effected through non-tape,
clearing-only trade report entries into
the Automated Confirmation
Transaction Service (‘‘ACT’’). Now that
Nasdaq is fully operational as a national
securities exchange, ACT serves both as
the mechanism for reporting trades that
are automatically executed through the
Nasdaq Market Center to the tape and
has also been licensed for use by the
NASD/NASDAQ Trade Reporting
Facility (‘‘NASD/NASDAQ TRF’’) as a
technology platform for collecting overthe-counter (‘‘OTC’’) trade reports and
reporting them to the tape. In this dual
role, ACT continues to accept step-out
entries regardless of whether the
underlying trade occurred on the
E:\FR\FM\11SEN1.SGM
11SEN1
Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 72, Number 175 (Tuesday, September 11, 2007)]
[Notices]
[Pages 51878-51880]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E7-17784]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-56350; File No. SR-CBOE-2007-79]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange,
Incorporated; Order Granting Accelerated Approval of Proposed Rule
Change and Amendment No. 1 Thereto To Eliminate Position and Exercise
Limits for Options on the Russell 2000 Index, and To Specify That
Certain Reduced-Value Options on Broad-Based Security Indexes Have No
Position and Exercise Limits
September 4, 2007.
I. Introduction
On July 17, 2007, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated
(``CBOE'' or ``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4
thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to eliminate position and
exercise limits for options on the Russell 2000 Index (``RUT'') and to
specify that reduced-value options on broad-based security indexes for
which full-value options have no position and exercise limits similarly
have no position and exercise limits. On August 2, 2007, the Exchange
filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change. The proposed rule
change was published for comment in the Federal Register on August 9,
2007 for a 15-day comment period.\3\ The Commission received no
comments on the proposed rule change. This order approves the proposed
rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, on an accelerated basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56191 (August 2,
2007), 72 FR 44894.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Description of the Proposal
CBOE proposes to amend Rules 24.4 and 24.5 to eliminate position
and exercise limits for options on RUT, a broad-based security index.
In connection with this change, RUT options would be subject to
specific reporting requirements and additional margin provisions
imposed by CBOE with respect to options on the Standard & Poor's 500
Index (``SPX''), the Standard & Poor's 100 Index (``OEX''), the Dow
Jones Industrial Average (``DJX''), and the Nasdaq-100 Index (``NDX''),
other broad-based index options that, under the Exchange's current
rules, are not subject to position and exercise limits.
The Exchange notes that in approving the elimination of position
and exercise limits for SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options, the Commission
considered the enormous capitalization of each of these indexes and the
deep and liquid markets for the securities underlying each index that
significantly reduced concerns of market manipulation or disruption in
the underlying markets.\4\ CBOE noted that the market capitalization of
RUT, as of the date of filing of the proposed rule change, was $1.73
trillion and the average daily trading volume (``ADTV''), in the
aggregate, for the component securities of RUT, for the period as of
three months prior to the date of filing of the proposed rule change,
was 535 million shares. For the same period, the ADTV for options on
RUT was 79,000 contracts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 44994 (October 26,
2001), 66 FR 55722 (November 2, 2001) (SR-CBOE-2001-22) (``SPX/OEX/
DJX Permanent Approval Order''); and 52650 (October 21, 2005), 70 FR
62147 (October 28, 2005) (SR-CBOE-2005-41) (``NDX Approval Order'')
(collectively, ``SPX/OEX/DJX/NDX Approval Orders''). See also
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 40969 (January 22, 1999), 64 FR
4911 (February 1, 1999) (SR-CBOE-98-23) (``SPX/OEX/DJX Pilot
Approval Order'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Exchange also states that in the SPX/OEX/DJX/NDX Approval
Orders, the Commission noted that the financial requirements imposed by
both the Exchange and the Commission serve to address any concerns that
an Exchange member or its customer(s) may try to maintain an
inordinately large unhedged position in the index options. CBOE notes
that these same financial requirements would apply equally to RUT
options. The Exchange further notes that it has the authority to impose
additional margin upon accounts maintaining underhedged positions and
is able to monitor accounts to determine when such action is warranted.
As noted in the Exchange's rules, the clearing firm carrying such an
account would be subject to capital charges under Rule 15c3-1 under the
Act \5\ to the extent of any resulting margin deficiency.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ 17 CFR 240.15c3-1.
\6\ See Interpretation and Policy .04 to CBOE Rule 24.4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CBOE indicates that the Commission, in the SPX/OEX/DJX/NDX Approval
Orders, relied substantially on the Exchange's ability to provide
surveillance and reporting safeguards to detect and deter trading
abuses arising from the elimination of position and exercise limits on
SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options. The Exchange represents that it
monitors the trading in RUT options in the same manner as trading in
SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options and that the current CBOE surveillance
procedures are adequate to continue monitoring RUT options. In
addition, the Exchange intends to impose a reporting requirement on
CBOE members or member organizations (other than CBOE market-makers)
that trade RUT options. This reporting requirement, which is currently
imposed on members who trade SPX, OEX, and NDX options, would require
members or member organizations who maintain in excess of 100,000 RUT
option contracts on the same side of the market, for their own accounts
or for the account of customers, to report information as to whether
the positions are hedged and provide documentation as to how such
contracts are hedged, in a manner and form required by the Exchange's
Department of Market Regulation.\7\ The Exchange also would be
permitted to specify other reporting requirements, as well as the limit
at which the reporting requirement may be triggered.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ See Interpretation and Policy .03 to CBOE Rule 24.4. The
reporting requirement for DJX options is triggered at 1 million
contracts.
\8\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, CBOE proposes to amend Rule 24A.7 relating to the
trading of FLEX broad-based index options to eliminate position and
exercise limits on FLEX RUT options, and to adopt for FLEX RUT options
the same 100,000 contract reporting requirement and the additional
margin provisions that currently apply to FLEX SPX, OEX, and NDX
options. The Exchange believes that eliminating position and exercise
limits for RUT options and FLEX RUT options is consistent with CBOE
rules relating to similar broad-based indexes and also would allow CBOE
members and their customers greater hedging and investment
opportunities.
The Exchange notes that it lists and trades several reduced-value
options on broad-based indexes for which the Exchange also lists and
trades full-value options (e.g., Mini-SPX Index (``XSP'') options,
Mini-Russell 2000 Index (``RMN'') options, and Mini-Nasdaq-100 Index
(``MNX'') options). The Exchange states that when it received approval
to list and trade reduced-value options on broad-based indexes, the
proscribed position and exercise limits were equivalent to the reduced-
value contract
[[Page 51879]]
factor (e.g., 10) multiplied by the applicable position and exercise
limits for the full-value option on the same broad-based index. In
other words, the Exchange's existing rules applicable to position and
exercise limits for full-value broad-based index options are used to
calculate the position and exercise limits for reduced-value options.
Conversely, when the Exchange's rules specifically state that
certain full-value broad-based index options have no position and
exercise limits, the same equally applies to reduced-value options on
those same broad-based indexes. The Exchange proposes to amend Rules
24.4 and 24.5 in order to codify this provision. In addition, because
position and exercise limits for reduced-value options are aggregated
with full-value options for purposes of determining compliance with
position and exercise limits, the Exchange proposes to amend Rules 24.4
and 24A.7 to reflect that such aggregation will apply when calculating
reporting requirements.
Finally, the Exchange proposes to make technical changes to Rules
24.4, 24.5, and 24A.7 to specify that there are no position and
exercise limits for European-Style Exercise S&P 100 Index options
(``XEO'') and FLEX XEO options, and to add XEO options to the position
reporting and margin rules.\9\ The Exchange notes that the only
difference between OEX and XEO options is the manner in which the
respective contracts are exercised (i.e. American-style versus
European-style).
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\9\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 44556 (July 16,
2001), 66 FR 38046 (July 20, 2001) (SR-CBOE-2001-39) (``XEO Approval
Order'').
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III. Discussion
After careful review, the Commission finds that the proposed rule
change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder that are applicable to a national securities
exchange.\10\ In particular, the Commission believes the proposed rule
change is consistent with the requirements of section 6(b)(5) of the
Act, which requires that the rules of a national securities exchange be
designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to
promote just and equitable principals of trade, to foster cooperation
and coordination with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in
securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a
free and open market and a national market system, and in general to
protect investors and the public interest.\11\
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\10\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission
notes that it has considered the proposed rule's impact on
efficiency, competition, and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C.
78c(f).
\11\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5). [FEDREG][VOL]*[/VOL][NO]*[/
NO][DATE]*[/DATE][NOTICES][NOTICE][PREAMB][AGENCY]*[/
AGENCY][SUBJECT]*[/SUBJECT][/PREAMB][SUPLINF][HED]*[/HED]
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Since the inception of standardized options trading, the options
exchanges have had rules imposing limits on the aggregate number of
options contracts that a member or customer could hold or exercise.
These rules are intended to prevent the establishment of options
positions that can be used or might create incentives to manipulate or
disrupt the underlying market so as to benefit the holder of the
options position.
The Commission notes that it continues to believe that the
fundamental purposes of position and exercise limits remain valid.
Nevertheless, the Commission believes that experience with the trading
of index options as well as enhanced reporting requirements and the
Exchange's surveillance capabilities have made it possible to approve
the elimination of position and exercise limits on certain broad-based
index options. Thus, in 2001, the Commission approved a CBOE proposal
to eliminate permanently position and exercise limits for options on
SPX, OEX, and DJX,\12\ and, in 2005, the Commission approved a CBOE
proposal to eliminate permanently position and exercise limits for
options on NDX.\13\ The Commission believes that the considerations
upon which it relied in approving the elimination of position and
exercise limits for SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options equally apply with
respect to options on RUT.
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\12\ See SPX/OEX/DJX Permanent Approval Order, supra note 4.
\13\ See NDX Approval Order, supra note 4.
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As noted by CBOE, the market capitalization of RUT as of the date
of filing of the proposal was $1.73 trillion. The ADTV for the period
as of three months prior to the date of filing of the proposed rule
change for all underlying components of the index was 535 million
shares. The Commission believes that the enormous market capitalization
of RUT and the deep, liquid market for the underlying component
securities significantly reduce concerns regarding market manipulation
or disruption in the underlying market. Removing position and exercise
limits for RUT options may also bring additional depth and liquidity,
in terms of both volume and open interest, to RUT options without
significantly increasing concerns regarding intermarket manipulation or
disruption of the options or the underlying securities.
In addition, the Commission believes that financial requirements
imposed by both the Exchange and the Commission adequately address
concerns that a CBOE member or its customer may try to maintain an
inordinately large unhedged position in RUT options. Current risk-based
haircut and margin methodologies serve to limit the size of positions
maintained by any one account by increasing the margin and/or capital
that a member must maintain for a large position held by itself or by
its customer.\14\ Under the proposal, CBOE also would have the
authority under its rules to impose a higher margin requirement upon an
account maintaining an under-hedged position when it determines a
higher requirement is warranted. As noted in the CBOE rules, the
clearing firm carrying the account would be subject to capital charges
under Rule 15c3-1 under the Act to the extent of any margin deficiency
resulting from the higher margin requirement.
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\14\ See SPX/OEX/DJX Pilot Approval Order, supra note 4.
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In approving the elimination of position and exercise limits for
options on the SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX, the Commission took note of the
enhanced surveillance and reporting safeguards that CBOE had adopted to
allow it to detect and deter trading abuses that might arise as a
result.\15\ CBOE represents that it monitors trading in RUT options in
much the same manner as trading in SPX, OEX, DJX, and NDX options.
These safeguards, including the 100,000-contract reporting requirement
described above, would allow CBOE to monitor large positions in order
to identify instances of potential risk and to assess and respond to
any market concerns at an early stage. In this regard, the Commission
expects CBOE to take prompt action, including timely communication with
the Commission and other marketplace self-regulatory organizations
responsible for oversight of trading in component stocks, should any
unanticipated adverse market effects develop. Moreover, as previously
noted, the Exchange has the flexibility to specify other reporting
requirements, as well as to vary the limit at which the reporting
requirements may be triggered.
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\15\ See id. and NDX Approval Order, supra note 4.
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The Commission further notes that in eliminating position and
exercise limits for FLEX RUT options, CBOE is adopting the same
additional rules for these options that currently exist for FLEX SPX,
OEX, and NDX options.
[[Page 51880]]
In addition, the Commission notes that the Exchange's existing
rules applicable to position and exercise limits for full-value broad-
based index options are used to calculate the position and exercise
limits for reduced-value options. The Exchange proposes to amend its
rules for those specified broad-based index options that do not have
position and exercise limits to specifically state that there will not
be position and exercise limits on the reduced-value options on those
same broad-based index options. The Exchange also proposes to amend its
rules to state that reduced-value options will be aggregated with full-
value options when calculating reporting requirements.
The Exchange also is making technical corrections to its rules to
reflect that there are no position and exercise limits for XEO options.
The Commission notes that position and exercise limits for XEO options
were previously eliminated and CBOE is simply updating its rules to
reflect this fact.\16\
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\16\ See XEO Approval Order, supra note 9; see also SPX/OEX/DJX
Permanent Approval Order, supra note 4.
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The Commission finds good cause, consistent with section 19(b)(2)
of the Act,\17\ to grant accelerated approval of the proposed rule
change prior to the thirtieth day after the date of publication of
notice thereof in the Federal Register. The Commission notes, as stated
above, that RUT has similar characteristics to the other broad-based
indexes for which position and exercise limits have been eliminated for
options on those indexes. Specifically, the Commission believes that
the enormous market capitalization of RUT and the deep, liquid market
for the underlying component securities significantly reduce concerns
regarding market manipulation or disruption in the underlying market.
The Commission received no comments regarding the proposed rule change
and the Commission believes that the proposed rule change raises no new
regulatory issues of material concern. The Commission believes that
accelerating approval of the proposed rule change will allow CBOE
members and their customers greater hedging and investment
opportunities with respect to RUT options without further delay.
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\17\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
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IV. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\18\ that the proposed rule change (SR-CBOE-2007-79), as modified
by Amendment No. 1, be, and it hereby is, approved on an accelerated
basis.
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\18\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
For the Commission, by the Division of Market Regulation,
pursuant to delegated authority.\19\
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\19\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Florence E. Harmon,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. E7-17784 Filed 9-10-07; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010-01-P