Notice and Recordkeeping for Use of Sound Recordings Under Statutory License, 59010-59019 [E6-16614]

Agencies

• Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress
• Library of Congress
• Copyright Royalty Board

[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 194 (Friday, October 6, 2006)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 59010-59019]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E6-16614]


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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Copyright Royalty Board

37 CFR Part 370

[Docket No. RM 2005-2]


Notice and Recordkeeping for Use of Sound Recordings Under 
Statutory License

AGENCY: Copyright Royalty Board, Library of Congress.

ACTION: Interim final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Copyright Royalty Judges, on behalf of the Copyright 
Royalty Board, are issuing interim regulations for the delivery and 
format of reports of use of sound recordings for the statutory licenses 
set forth in sections 112 and 114 of the Copyright Act.

EFFECTIVE DATE: October 6, 2006.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gina Giuffreda, Attorney-Advisor, or 
Abioye Oyewole, CRB Program Specialist. Telephone (202) 707-7658. 
Telefax (202) 252-3423.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    Today's Interim Regulations complete the second half of the 
proceeding, begun by the Librarian of Congress and the Copyright Office 
and now entrusted to the Copyright Royalty Board (``Board''), to 
establish notice and recordkeeping requirements for digital audio 
services utilizing the statutory licenses set forth in sections 112 and 
114 of the Copyright Act. The first half of the proceeding prescribed 
interim regulations for the filing of notices of intention to use the 
section 112 and/or 114 licenses, as required by section 112(e)(7)(A) 
and section 114(f)(4)(B), respectively, and interim regulations for the 
elements of data that comprise a report of use. See 69 FR 11515 (March 
1, 2004). With the issuance of today's regulations, digital audio 
services that have been maintaining reports of use since April 1, 2004 
\1\ will now be able to deliver those and future reports to copyright 
owners for their use in distributing royalty fees collected under the 
section 112 and 114 licenses.
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    \1\ The Copyright Office also issued a final rule addressing 
reports of use under the section 112 and 114 licenses for the period 
October 28, 1998 through March 31, 2004. 69 FR 58261 (September 30, 
2004). The Office determined that reports of use submitted by 
preexisting subscription services during that time period should 
serve as a proxy for reports from nonsubscription services, the 
satellite digital audio radio services, business establishment 
services and new types of subscription services. Consequently, the 
Interim Regulations issued on March 11, 2004 regarding notice and 
content of a report of use, and today's Interim Regulations 
regarding the format and delivery of a report of use, do not apply 
to the October 28, 1998 to March 31, 2004 period.
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    The matter of reports of use of sound recordings under the section 
112 and 114 licenses has been contentious.\2\ The Copyright Office 
first began the proceeding by issuing a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 
(``NPRM''), 67 FR 5761 (February 7, 2002), and then, on May 10, 2002, 
held a public meeting to facilitate discussion as to the data to be 
included in a report of use, the frequency of the recordkeeping, and 
the manner and format for delivery to copyright owners. Persons 
representing copyright owners, users, and performers appeared and 
offered their opinions and criticisms of the NPRM and offered 
suggestions as to the amount of information necessary to distribute 
royalties collected under the section 112

[[Page 59011]]

and 114 licenses. The May 2002 meeting revealed persistent differences 
as to the scope of the regulations, as well as the details for creating 
and delivering databases of reports of use.
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    \2\ In sharp contrast, the requirements for submitting a notice 
of intention to use the statutory licenses drew few public comments 
or criticisms and the Copyright Office had little trouble adopting 
regulations. See 69 FR at 11526.
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    Subsequent to the May 10, 2002, meeting, the Copyright Office 
announced transitional requirements for creating reports of use because 
it had become clear that many services availing themselves of the 
statutory licenses were not keeping track of any of the sound 
recordings they were performing. See 67 FR 59573 (September 23, 2002). 
The transitional provisions were replaced by the Interim Regulations, 
announced almost two years later, where the Copyright Office prescribed 
the requirements for filing a notice of intention to use the statutory 
licenses, and the categories of data that comprised a report of use of 
a sound recording. 69 FR 11515 (March 11, 2004). The Office also made 
another important decision in the Interim Regulations; namely, the 
frequency of reporting reports of use. Although the Office announced 
that year-round census reporting of use of sound recordings would 
likely be the standard in the future, as a transitional measure, it 
``determined that, at this stage, it is best to require periodic 
reporting of sound recording performances.'' 69 FR at 11526. Reports of 
use would be required for two periods of seven consecutive days during 
each calendar quarter of the year. The first reporting period began on 
April 1, 2004, meaning that, since that time, services using the 
section 112 and 114 licenses have been required to create reports of 
use in anticipation of regulations prescribing the format in which the 
reports are to be delivered to copyright owners and the details of 
making the deliveries.
    With the first part of the regulations governing recordkeeping 
completed (data required and frequency of reporting), the Copyright 
Office turned to the task of establishing format and delivery 
requirements. However, on November 30, 2004, the President signed into 
law the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004 (``Reform 
Act''), Public Law 108-419, 118 Stat. 2341. The Reform Act, among other 
things, transferred the authority for prescribing notice and 
recordkeeping regulations for sections 112 and 114 from the Librarian 
and the Copyright Office to the Copyright Royalty Judges and the Board. 
The Reform Act went into effect on May 31, 2005, after the Office 
published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on April 27, 2005 proposing 
regulations for the format and delivery of reports of use. 70 FR 21704 
(April 27, 2005). The Office received public comments on the proposals 
and delivered them to the Board.
    When the May 31, 2005 effective date of the Reform Act arrived, 
full-time appointments of the Copyright Royalty Judges had not been 
made. The Librarian appointed an Interim Chief Copyright Royalty Judge 
who, on July 27, 2005, published a Supplemental Request for Comments 
(``Supplemental Request'') in the Federal Register. 70 FR 43364 (July 
27, 2005). The Supplemental Request posed a series of questions 
regarding format and delivery requirements since the comments submitted 
in response to the Office's April 27 notice made it clear that there 
were deep divisions of opinion. Now that the Board has full-time 
Judges, and the issues involved in format and delivery are fully 
presented, it is time to complete the Interim Regulations.

II. This Proceeding

    As described above, the regulatory process to create recordkeeping 
regulations has been a lengthy one. The Librarian of Congress and the 
Copyright Office have invested considerable time in fashioning 
regulations up to this point and, absent controversies on the 
requirements for format and delivery of reports of use, would have 
completed this rulemaking. Even though jurisdiction for adopting notice 
and recordkeeping rules now lies solely with the Board, it is not the 
Board's intention in today's Interim Regulations to revisit the rules 
the Librarian and Office adopted. Rather, the Board will monitor the 
operation of these regulations, as well as the ones adopted today, and 
will request public comment in the future as to the need for amendment 
or improvement prior to adopting final regulations. The goal of today's 
Interim Regulations is to establish format and delivery requirements so 
that royalty payments to copyright owners pursuant to the section 112 
and 114 licenses may be made from April 1, 2004 forward based upon 
actual data of the sound recordings transmitted by digital audio 
services. The completion of the recordkeeping Interim Regulations means 
that all services must deliver reports of use from the period beginning 
April 1, 2004, and SoundExchange must process these reports of use and 
distribute the royalties.
    Because it is the Board, and not the Copyright Office, that is 
promulgating today's Interim Regulations, it is necessary to place them 
in Chapter III of title 37 of the Code of Federal Regulations. As noted 
above, authority for notice and recordkeeping regulations now rests 
solely with the Board. In the interest of placing all regulations 
related to notice and recordkeeping under the section 112 and 114 
licenses within the same part number in the CFR, the Board is also 
today replicating the notice and recordkeeping provisions currently 
located in part 270 of title 37 \3\ in part 370 of the Board's 
regulations. It is anticipated that the Copyright Office will repeal in 
the near future part 270 of its regulations.
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    \3\ Chapter II of title 37 contains the regulations of the 
Copyright Office.
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III. Format and Delivery

A. Format

    Establishing the format in which a report of use is delivered to 
copyright owners requires consideration of competing interests. On the 
one hand, it is evident that digital audio services maintain data that 
include the content of a report of use in a wide variety of formats 
dependent on their resources and individual choices.\4\ On the other 
hand, given the considerable volume of data to be reported, data must 
be delivered to copyright owners in a form that can be processed and 
used to make royalty payments. Sections 112(e)(4) and 114(f)(4)(A) both 
contain the word ``reasonable'' with respect to the adoption of 
regulations, and the commenters have expressed different points of view 
as to the meaning of ``reasonable.'' Digital audio services generally 
are of the view that ``reasonable'' means the least costly to them, 
while copyright owners, represented principally by SoundExchange,\5\ 
opine that ``reasonable'' means the submission of data most compatible 
to their use. Mindful of these cost and efficiency concerns raised by 
both the services and the copyright owners, the Board identifies a 
workable minimum or baseline for data reporting that satisfies the 
required reporting responsibilities of the services without imposing 
unreasonable processing burdens or obstacles on the copyright owners. 
The Board is of the view that regulations that establish the baseline 
requirements for formatting and delivering a report of use--i.e. that 
satisfy the basic

[[Page 59012]]

requirements necessary to deliver data that can be used to make 
payments collected under the statutory licenses--are reasonable as 
contemplated by the statute. This conclusion is supported by noting 
that copyright owners and services are always free to negotiate 
different format and delivery requirements that suit their particular 
needs and situations, and the Board is aware that such negotiations 
have taken place. See, Comments of the Digital Media Association at 1 
(August 26, 2005).
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    \4\ The Board is also aware of the likelihood that a significant 
number of services have chosen not to maintain any reports of use at 
all, despite the March 11, 2004 Interim Regulation's requirement 
that they do so beginning with the April 1, 2004 calendar quarter. 
See 69 FR at 11526. The Board agrees with the Copyright Office's 
view that the law does not allow any services to avoid altogether 
reporting their use of sound recordings under the statutory 
licenses, id. at 11521, format considerations notwithstanding.
    \5\ Royalty Logic, Inc., which seeks to be an alternative 
distribution agent to SoundExchange, has also filed comments 
throughout this proceeding.
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    Before addressing specifics regarding the format of a report of 
use, the Board expresses the following. First, the Board rejects 
permitting the submission of paper or hard copy reports of use. See, 
e.g., Comments of Harvard Radio Broadcasting Co. at 3-4 (May 27, 2005). 
While perhaps an inexpensive way for certain services to provide 
reports of use, hard copies create considerable expense for copyright 
owners to interpret and process thereby rendering them of little value. 
Second, the Board rejects the argument that the format regulations 
should be crafted in such a way as to allow a wide array of different 
electronic formats. This position, advocated principally by radio 
broadcasters,\6\ fails to account for the Board's stated goal in 
today's Interim Regulations which is to establish baseline format 
requirements. Further, the Board is highly skeptical that 
SoundExchange's data processing system is compatible with a variety of 
formats and radio broadcasters have failed to provide evidence--other 
than argument of counsel--that demonstrates any likelihood of 
compatibility.
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    \6\ Comments of the National Religious Broadcasters Music 
License Committee and Salem Communications Corp. (May 27, 2005); 
Joint Comments of Radio Broadcasters (August 26, 2005).
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    Finally, the Board concludes that there is not currently available 
a recognized standard data processing format that can be adopted in 
lieu of the system proposed by SoundExchange. Radio broadcasters 
mention software owned by companies such as BDS and Mediabase but 
provide no details as to its cost, operation or availability. Joint 
Comments of Radio Broadcasters at 17 (August 26, 2005). Spacialaudio 
offers that its product, SAM Broadcaster, is capable of generating 
reports of use for SoundExchange. Comments of Spacialaudio.com at 2 
(August 31, 2005). However, review of the product Web site reveals that 
SAM Broadcaster is a ``professional DJ system with the ability to 
stream audio over the internet to listeners across the world'' and is 
not by itself a data processing system. See, https://
www.spacialaudio.com/products/sambroadcaster/. The Board cannot adopt 
format requirements devoid of any nexus to a proven data processing 
system in the hopes that one or more will eventually become available. 
To do so would frustrate the already long overdue delivery of reports 
of use and further deny copyright owners their ability to claim 
royalties under the section 112 and 114 statutory licenses.
1. Spreadsheets
    The April 27, 2005 NPRM proposed that commercially available 
spreadsheets, such as Microsoft's Excel and Corel's Quattro Pro, could 
be used to facilitate the creation of reports of use, provided that 
they are converted to ASCII (American Standard Code for Information 
Exchange) format prior to delivery. SoundExchange was directed to 
provide a template on its Web site for the Microsoft and Corel products 
along with instructions for conversion. Technical support in creating 
and delivering spreadsheet reports of use was the responsibility of 
each service reporting data. 70 FR at 21706.
    Harvard Radio Broadcasting Company (``Harvard'') and Collegiate 
Broadcasters, Inc. (``CBI'') argue that the use of spreadsheets is 
unreasonable because a computer must be purchased, along with the 
Microsoft or Corel software, to create spreadsheets. Comments of 
Harvard at 9-10; Comments of CBI at 10-11.\7\ They also argue that the 
thousands of hours required to create reports of use in spreadsheet 
format cannot be justified, particularly given the limited resources of 
educational radio stations. Id. The Board is not persuaded by these 
arguments. First, the Board questions whether educational stations that 
exercise the option of spreadsheets must purchase a computer devoted 
solely to that purpose, and cannot use an existing computer or obtain a 
used one. Even if a new desktop computer is required, the Board finds 
it disingenuous to argue that purchasing a computer at an educational 
institution is unreasonable, particularly where it is standard practice 
for many colleges and universities across the United States to require 
that each student possess a computer as part of their enrollment. 
Likewise, the record does not support the premise that completing 
reports of use in spreadsheet format will require thousands of hours. 
At present, reports of use need only be compiled for two seven 
consecutive day periods per calendar quarter, not year round as 
submitted in Harvard's estimates.
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    \7\ Radio broadcasters submit that it is unlikely that they will 
avail themselves of the spreadsheet option and ``likely will seek an 
automated solution that will enable them to generate electronic 
ASCII files directly from their music scheduling programs.'' Joint 
Comments of Radio Broadcasters at 14 (August 26, 2005).
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    The Board is also not persuaded that conversion of spreadsheets 
into ASCII format presents an unreasonable burden upon digital audio 
services. SoundExchange, Inc. and Royalty Logic, Inc. demonstrate that 
the conversion process using the Microsoft or Corel software is simple 
and straightforward. See, Comments of SoundExchange, Inc. at 21 (August 
26, 2005); Comments of Royalty Logic, Inc. at 2 (August 31, 2005). 
SoundExchange has also developed with Microsoft a macro that 
facilitates the spreadsheet conversion \8\ and is in the process of 
developing a similar macro with Corel. SoundExchange is directed to 
complete that negotiation with Corel and post the result on its Web 
site. The Board remains of the view that each service using a 
spreadsheet to prepare a report of use is responsible for any technical 
expertise necessary to complete the task.
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    \8\ Harvard admits that it is ``very impressed'' with the 
Microsoft spreadsheet's ability to convert to ASCII, and estimates 
no more than one hour per conversion. Comments of Harvard Radio 
Broadcasting Company at 11 (August 26, 2005).
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2. Files With Headers
    Three issues drew considerable public comment with respect to the 
proposal for permitting data files to be submitted with headers. 
Broadcasters objected to the first six lines of a file with headers 
arguing that the information requested was already contained in either 
the report of use itself or the notice of intention to obtain the 
section 112 and 114 licenses, and therefore would unnecessarily 
increase their labor costs. Joint Comments of Radio Broadcasters at 27-
28 (August 26, 2005); Comments of Collegiate Broadcasters, Inc. at 16 
(August 31, 2005). There was also considerable debate over the order of 
the date identification appearing in a file header, which also appears 
in a file name. Services uniformly favored the standard year, month, 
day (YYYYMMDD), while SoundExchange favored day, month, year (DDMMYYYY) 
principally on the ground that its current software recognizes only 
this convention. Comments of SoundExchange, Inc. at 24-25 (August 26, 
2005). Finally, services argued that they should have their choice in 
identifying the text indicator and field delimiter used in a data file 
accompanying the header. See, e.g., Comments of Harvard Radio 
Broadcasting Company at 19 (August 26, 2005); Comments of the National

[[Page 59013]]

Religious Broadcasters Music Licensing Committee and Salem 
Communications Corp. at 1-2 (May 27, 2005).
    The Board is not persuaded that the redundancy of information 
sought in a file with headers is unduly burdensome. Services are not 
required to provide their data files with headers, and thereby may 
avoid any perceived burdens associated with supplying the data required 
in the first six lines. Likewise, services objecting to the required 
order of data to be provided in a file with headers may elect to 
provide their data without headers.
    The Board is persuaded that the date convention YYYYMMDD is the 
most widely adopted and therefore is adopting it for files with headers 
as well as file names. The Board is also allowing services to choose 
the text indicator and field delimiter that they are using in a file 
with headers, but is clarifying that the symbols chosen must be unique 
and never found in the report's data content. It is the responsibility 
of the services to comply with this requirement.
3. Files Without Headers
    Services challenge two provisions of the April 27, 2005 NPRM's 
proposals for files without headers. First, certain services submit 
that text fields should accommodate both upper and lower case 
characters. Comments of Harvard Radio Broadcasting Company at 22 
(August 26, 2005); Joint Comments of Radio Broadcasters at 33 (August 
26, 2005). Second, the services generally favor the use of 
abbreviations within data fields. Harvard, recognizing that 
abbreviations within the music industry are not standard and therefore 
might present data interpretation difficulties, proposes that 
SoundExchange be required to periodically publish its database so that 
services can enter the database and use the identifiers that 
SoundExchange assigns to specific bits of data (such as song title, 
artist name, etc.). Comments of Harvard Radio Broadcasting Company at 
24-28 (August 26, 2005). 3WK L.L.C. opposes accessing the SoundExchange 
database believing the practice would be financially and physically 
prohibitive to a small company like itself. Comments of 3WK L.L.C. at 3 
(August 31, 2005).
    The Board accepts the first proposal but not the second. Accepting 
data in both upper and lower case characters is not an unusual 
convention and SoundExchange can adjust its software to accommodate 
both. The Board is not allowing, however, the use of abbreviations in 
data fields. There are no accepted standards for abbreviating artists' 
names, song titles, album titles, etc., thereby requiring data 
processors to analyze each data component containing an abbreviation in 
an effort to correctly identify it. This is likely to present 
considerable delays in data processing, as well as raise costs. Reply 
comments of SoundExchange, Inc. at 24 (September 16, 2005). Radio 
broadcasters' argument that SoundExchange's software can solve 
efficiency and cost problems through ``fuzzy matching'' is neither 
convincing nor supported by evidence. The Board also does not believe 
that Harvard's suggestion of a publicly provided database will, at 
least at this time, solve the problem. Services already complain that 
entering data for reports of use is too costly. Requiring them to 
access a database of millions of sound recordings in an effort to 
secure identifiers for the songs they have performed will likely add 
considerably to their costs. See Comments of 3WK L.L.C. at 3 (August 
31, 2005). As time passes, and reports of use continue to be provided, 
it is possible that a metadata database may provide a solution to the 
matter of abbreviations, as well as other issues presented in this 
proceeding. The Board will continue to monitor the matter as part of 
its continuing oversight of the regulations governing reports of use.

B. Delivery

    The proposed rules set forth in the April 27, 2005 NPRM prescribe 
that data contained in a report of use maybe delivered by File Transfer 
Protocol (FTP), e-mail, CD-ROM, or floppy diskette to a single address 
(SoundExchange). Services urge the Board to require that SoundExchange 
establish a Web site for receipt of data, and Royalty Logic, Inc. 
(``RLI'') requests that it receive all reports of use in addition to 
SoundExchange.
    SoundExchange vigorously objects to the expense that it would incur 
to create and maintain a Web site, citing testimony of Shane Sleighter 
whom SoundExchange offers as an expert in business software 
development. Mr. Sleighter states that creation of a Web site that will 
permit users to complete their reports of use via the site could cost 
anywhere between $100,000 to $950,000, depending upon the functions 
that it would perform. Comments of SoundExchange, Inc. at Tab A-7. Mr. 
Sleighter estimates that a Web site designed solely to receive existing 
reports of use would cost approximately $50,000, again depending upon 
functionality. Id. at Tab A-8. The services urge the mandatory creation 
of a SoundExchange Web site not because they are dissatisfied with the 
other delivery methods offered in the proposed rules, nor that they are 
altogether inadequate, but rather because they view a SoundExchange Web 
site as an opportunity to shift the burden of organizing their data 
files. Joint Comments of Radio Broadcasters at 21 (August 26, 2005); 
Comments of Collegiate Broadcasters, Inc. at 13 (August 31, 2005); 
Comments of Harvard Radio Broadcasting Company at 15 (August 26, 2005); 
Comments of Radioio, Inc. at 5-7 (August 29, 2005). In keeping with the 
Board's stated goal of adopting baseline requirements in these rules, 
the Board is disinclined to add a fifth delivery method at this time. 
The Board will continue to monitor the delivery process and will 
explore the possibility and the need for a SoundExchange Web site prior 
to adopting final regulations.
    With respect to the matter of delivery of reports of use to RLI, 
arguments are offered pro and con as to whether RLI has standing to 
receive reports of use and broadcasters express concerns about the 
costs associated with delivering reports of use to multiple entities. 
The Board does not consider today's rulemaking the proper forum to 
determine RLI's or other copyright owners groups' standing to receive 
reports of use. As of today's publication of Interim Regulations, only 
SoundExchange is a recognized receiving agent for royalties generated 
under the section 112 and 114 licenses and, therefore, these 
regulations provide for delivery of reports of use to SoundExchange. 
However, during the period that these Interim Regulations are in effect 
and absent any future adjustment to these regulations by the Board, if 
other parties receive the same designation as ``collectives'' \9\, then 
SoundExchange is required to forward copies of reports of use to all 
other such ``collectives''.
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    \9\ RLI is currently seeking such designation in the Board's 
section 112 and 114 rate adjustment proceeding for subscription, 
nonsubscription and new services. Docket No. 2005-1 CRB DTRA.
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List of Subjects in 37 CFR Part 370

    Copyright, Sound recordings.

Interim Regulation

0
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, Chapter III of Title 37 of 
the Code of Federal Regulations is amended by adding new Subchapter D 
to read as follows:

[[Page 59014]]

Subchapter D--Notice and Recordkeeping Requirements for Statutory 
Licenses

PART 370--NOTICE AND RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR STATUTORY 
LICENSES

Sec.
370.1 Notice of use of sound recordings under statutory license.
370.2 Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license for 
preexisting subscription services.
370.3 Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license for 
nonsubscription transmission services, preexisting satellite digital 
audio radio services, new subscription services and business 
establishment services.
370.4 Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license 
prior to April 1, 2004.
370.5 Designated collection and distribution organizations for 
reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license.

    Authority: 17 U.S.C. 112(e)(4), 114(f)(4)(A).


Sec.  370.1  Notice of use of sound recordings under statutory license.

    (a) General. This section prescribes rules under which copyright 
owners shall receive notice of use of their sound recordings when used 
under either section 112(e) or 114(d)(2) of title 17, United States 
Code, or both.
    (b) Definitions. (1) A Notice of Use of Sound Recordings under 
Statutory License is a written notice to sound recording copyright 
owners of the use of their works under section 112(e) or 114(d)(2) of 
title 17, United States Code, or both, and is required under this 
section to be filed by a Service in the Copyright Office.
    (2) A Service is an entity engaged in either the digital 
transmission of sound recordings pursuant to section 114(d)(2) of title 
17 of the United States Code or making ephemeral phonorecords of sound 
recordings pursuant to section 112(e) of title 17 of the United States 
Code or both. For purposes of this section, the definition of a Service 
includes an entity that transmits an AM/FM broadcast signal over a 
digital communications network such as the Internet, regardless of 
whether the transmission is made by the broadcaster that originates the 
AM/FM signal or by a third party, provided that such transmission meets 
the applicable requirements of the statutory license set forth in 17 
U.S.C. 114(d)(2). A Service may be further characterized as either a 
preexisting subscription service, preexisting satellite digital audio 
radio service, nonsubscription transmission service, new subscription 
service, business establishment service or a combination of those:
    (i) A preexisting subscription service is a service that performs 
sound recordings by means of noninteractive audio-only subscription 
digital audio transmissions, and was in existence and making such 
transmissions to the public for a fee on or before July 31, 1998, and 
may include a limited number of sample channels representative of the 
subscription service that are made available on a nonsubscription basis 
in order to promote the subscription service.
    (ii) A preexisting satellite digital audio radio service is a 
subscription satellite digital audio radio service provided pursuant to 
a satellite digital audio radio service license issued by the Federal 
Communications Commission on or before July 31, 1998, and any renewal 
of such license to the extent of the scope of the original license, and 
may include a limited number of sample channels representative of the 
subscription service that are made available on a nonsubscription basis 
in order to promote the subscription service.
    (iii) A nonsubscription transmission service is a service that 
makes noninteractive nonsubscription digital audio transmission that 
are not exempt under section 114(d)(1) of title 17 of the United States 
Code and are made as part of a service that provides audio programming 
consisting, in whole or in part, of performances of sound recordings, 
including transmissions of broadcast transmissions, if the primary 
purpose of the service is to provide to the public such audio or other 
entertainment programming, and the primary purpose of the service is 
not to sell, advertise, or promote particular products or services 
other than sound recordings, live concerts, or other music-related 
events.
    (iv) A new subscription service is a service that performs sound 
recordings by means of noninteractive subscription digital audio 
transmissions and that is not a preexisting subscription service or a 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio service.
    (v) A business establishment service is a service that makes 
ephemeral phonorecords of sound recordings pursuant to section 112(e) 
of title 17 of the United States Code and is exempt under section 
114(d)(1)(C)(iv) of title 17 of the United States Code.
    (c) Forms and content. A Notice of Use of Sound Recordings Under 
Statutory License shall be prepared on a form that may be obtained from 
the Copyright Office Web site or from the Licensing Division, and shall 
include the following information:
    (1) The full legal name of the Service that is either commencing 
digital transmissions of sound recordings or making ephemeral 
phonorecords of sound recordings under statutory license or doing both.
    (2) The full address, including a specific number and street name 
or rural route, of the place of business of the Service. A post office 
box or similar designation will not be sufficient except where it is 
the only address that can be used in that geographic location.
    (3) The telephone number and facsimile number of the Service.
    (4) Information on how to gain access to the online Web site or 
homepage of the Service, or where information may be posted under this 
section concerning the use of sound recordings under statutory license.
    (5) Identification of each license under which the Service intends 
to operate, including identification of each of the following 
categories under which the Service will be making digital transmissions 
of sound recordings: preexisting subscription service, preexisting 
satellite digital audio radio service, nonsubscription transmission 
service, new subscription service or business establishment service.
    (6) The date or expected date of the initial digital transmission 
of a sound recording to be made under the section 114 statutory license 
and/or the date or the expected date of the initial use of the section 
112(e) license for the purpose of making ephemeral phonorecords of the 
sound recordings.
    (7) Identification of any amendments required by paragraph (f) of 
this section.
    (d) Signature. The Notice shall include the signature of the 
appropriate officer or representative of the Service that is either 
transmitting the sound recordings or making ephemeral phonorecords of 
sound recordings under statutory license or doing both. The signature 
shall be accompanied by the printed or typewritten name and the title 
of the person signing the Notice and by the date of the signature.
    (e) Filing notices; fees. The original and three copies shall be 
filed with the Licensing Division of the Copyright Office and shall be 
accompanied by the filing fee set forth in Sec.  201.3(c) of this 
title. Notices shall be placed in the public records of the Licensing 
Division. The address of the Licensing Division is: Library of 
Congress, Copyright Office, Licensing Division, 101 Independence 
Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20557-6400.
    (1) A Service that, prior to April 12, 2004, has already commenced 
making digital transmissions of sound recordings pursuant to section 
114(d)(2)

[[Page 59015]]

of title 17 of the United States Code or making ephemeral phonorecords 
of sound recordings pursuant to section 112(e) of title 17 of the 
United States Code, or both, and that has already filed an Initial 
Notice of Digital Transmission of Sound Recordings Under Statutory 
License, and that intends to continue to make digital transmissions or 
ephemeral phonorecords following July 1, 2004, shall file a Notice of 
Use of Sound Recordings under Statutory License with the Licensing 
Division of the Copyright Office no later than July 1, 2004.
    (2) A Service that, on or after July 1, 2004, commences making 
digital transmissions and ephemeral phonorecords of sound recordings 
under statutory license shall file a Notice of Use of Sound Recordings 
under Statutory License with the Licensing Division of the Copyright 
Office prior to the making of the first ephemeral phonorecord of the 
sound recording and prior to the first digital transmission of the 
sound recording.
    (3) A Service that, on or after July 1, 2004, commences making only 
ephemeral phonorecords of sound recordings, shall file a Notice of Use 
of Sound Recordings under Statutory License with the Licensing Division 
of the Copyright Office prior to the making of the first ephemeral 
phonorecord of a sound recording under the statutory license.
    (f) Amendment. A Service shall file a new Notice of Use of Sound 
Recordings under Statutory License within 45 days after any of the 
information contained in the Notice on file has changed, and shall 
indicate in the space provided by the Copyright Office that the Notice 
is an amended filing. The Licensing Division shall retain copies of all 
prior Notices filed by the Service.


Sec.  370.2  Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license 
for preexisting subscription services.

    (a) General. This section prescribes the rules for the maintenance 
and delivery of reports of use for sound recordings under section 
112(e) or section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code, or 
both, by preexisting subscription services.
    (b) Definitions. (1) A Collective is a collection and distribution 
organization that is designated under the statutory license by decision 
of a Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP) under section 
114(f)(1)(B) or section 114(f)(1)(C)(ii), or by an order of the 
Librarian pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 802(f), prior to the effective date of 
the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, or by 
determination of the Copyright Royalty Judges under section 
114(f)(1)(B) or section 114(f)(1)C)(ii).
    (2) A Report of Use of Sound Recordings Under Statutory License is 
the report of use required under this section to be provided by a 
Service transmitting sound recordings and making ephemeral phonorecords 
therewith under statutory licenses.
    (3) A Service is a preexisting subscription service, as defined in 
17 U.S.C. 114(j)(11).
    (c) Service. Reports of Use shall be served upon Collectives that 
are identified in the records of the Licensing Division of the 
Copyright Office as having been designated under the statutory license 
by decision of a Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP) under 
section 114(f)(1)(B) or section 114(f)(1)(C)(ii), or by an order of the 
Librarian pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 802(f), prior to the effective date of 
the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, or by 
determination of the Copyright Royalty Judges under section 
114(f)(1)(B) or section 114(f)(1)C)(ii). Reports of Use shall be 
served, by certified or registered mail, or by other means if agreed 
upon by the respective preexisting subscription service and Collective, 
on or before the forty-fifth day after the close of each month.
    (d) Posting. In the event that no Collective is designated under 
the statutory license, or if all designated Collectives have terminated 
collection and distribution operations, a preexisting subscription 
service transmitting sound recordings under statutory license shall 
post and make available online its Reports of Use. Preexisting 
subscription services shall post their Reports of Use online on or 
before the forty-fifth day after the close of each month, and make them 
available to all sound recording copyright owners for a period of 90 
days. Preexisting subscription services may require use of passwords 
for access to posted Reports of Use, but must make passwords available 
in a timely manner and free of charge or other restrictions. 
Preexisting subscription services may predicate provision of a password 
upon:
    (1) Information relating to identity, location and status as a 
sound recording copyright owner; and
    (2) A ``click-wrap'' agreement not to use information in the Report 
of Use for purposes other than royalty collection, royalty 
distribution, and determining compliance with statutory license 
requirements, without the express consent of the preexisting 
subscription service providing the Report of Use.
    (e) Content. A ``Report of Use of Sound Recordings under Statutory 
License'' shall be identified as such by prominent caption or heading, 
and shall include a preexisting subscription service's ``Intended 
Playlists'' for each channel and each day of the reported month. The 
``Intended Playlists'' shall include a consecutive listing of every 
recording scheduled to be transmitted, and shall contain the following 
information in the following order:
    (1) The name of the preexisting subscription service or entity;
    (2) The channel;
    (3) The sound recording title;
    (4) The featured recording artist, group, or orchestra;
    (5) The retail album title (or, in the case of compilation albums 
created for commercial purposes, the name of the retail album 
identified by the preexisting subscription service for purchase of the 
sound recording);
    (6) The marketing label of the commercially available album or 
other product on which the sound recording is found;
    (7) The catalog number;
    (8) The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) embedded in 
the sound recording, where available and feasible;
    (9) Where available, the copyright owner information provided in 
the copyright notice on the retail album or other product (e.g., 
following the symbol (P), that is the letter P in a circle) or, in the 
case of compilation albums created for commercial purposes, in the 
copyright notice for the individual sound recording;
    (10) The date of transmission; and
    (11) The time of transmission.
    (f) Signature. Reports of Use shall include a signed statement by 
the appropriate officer or representative of the preexisting 
subscription service attesting, under penalty of perjury, that the 
information contained in the Report is believed to be accurate and is 
maintained by the preexisting subscription service in its ordinary 
course of business. The signature shall be accompanied by the printed 
or typewritten name and title of the person signing the Report, and by 
the date of signature.
    (g) Format. Reports of Use should be provided on a standard 
machine-readable medium, such as diskette, optical disc, or magneto-
optical disc, and should conform as closely as possible to the 
following specifications:
    (1) ASCII delimited format, using pipe characters as delimiter, 
with no headers or footers;
    (2) Carats should surround strings;
    (3) No carats should surround dates and numbers;

[[Page 59016]]

    (4) Dates should be indicated by: MM/DD/YYYY;
    (5) Times should be based on a 24-hour clock: HH:MM:SS;
    (6) A carriage return should be at the end of each line; and
    (7) All data for one record should be on a single line.
    (h) Confidentiality. Copyright owners, their agents and Collectives 
shall not disseminate information in the Reports of Use to any persons 
not entitled to it, nor utilize the information for purposes other than 
royalty collection and distribution, and determining compliance with 
statutory license requirements, without express consent of the 
preexisting subscription service providing the Report of Use.
    (i) Documentation. All compulsory licensees shall, for a period of 
at least three years from the date of service or posting of the Report 
of Use, keep and retain a copy of the Report of Use. For reporting 
periods from February 1, 1996, through August 31, 1998, the preexisting 
subscription service shall serve upon all designated Collectives and 
retain for a period of three years from the date of transmission 
reports of use indicating which sound recordings were performed and the 
number of times each recording was performed, but is not required to 
produce full Reports of Use or Intended Playlists for those periods.


Sec.  370.3  Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license 
for nonsubscription transmission services, preexisting satellite 
digital audio radio services, new subscription services and business 
establishment services.

    (a) General. This section prescribes rules for the maintenance and 
delivery of reports of use of sound recordings under section 112(e) or 
section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code, or both, by 
nonsubscription transmission services, preexisting satellite digital 
audio radio services, new subscription services, and business 
establishment services.
    (b) Definitions. (1) Aggregate Tuning Hours are the total hours of 
programming that a nonsubscription transmission service, preexisting 
satellite digital audio radio service, new subscription service or 
business establishment service has transmitted during the reporting 
period identified in paragraph (c)(3) of this section to all listeners 
within the United States over the relevant channels or stations, and 
from any archived programs, that provide audio programming consisting, 
in whole or in part, of eligible nonsubscription service, preexisting 
satellite digital audio radio service, new subscription service or 
business establishment service transmissions, less the actual running 
time of any sound recordings for which the service has obtained direct 
licenses apart from 17 U.S.C. 114(d)(2) or which do not require a 
license under United States copyright law. For example, if a 
nonsubscription transmission service transmitted one hour of 
programming to 10 simultaneous listeners, the nonsubscription 
transmission service's Aggregate Tuning Hours would equal 10. If 3 
minutes of that hour consisted of transmission of a directly licensed 
recording, the nonsubscription transmission service's Aggregate Tuning 
Hours would equal 9 hours and 30 minutes. If one listener listened to 
the transmission of a nonsubscription transmission service for 10 hours 
(and none of the recordings transmitted during that time was directly 
licensed), the nonsubscription transmission service's Aggregate Tuning 
Hours would equal 10.
    (2) An AM/FM Webcast is a transmission made by an entity that 
transmits an AM/FM broadcast signal over a digital communications 
network such as the Internet, regardless of whether the transmission is 
made by the broadcaster that originates the AM/FM signal or by a third 
party, provided that such transmission meets the applicable 
requirements of the statutory license set forth in 17 U.S.C. 114(d)(2).
    (3) A Collective is a collection and distribution organization that 
is designated under one or both of the statutory licenses by decision 
of a Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel under section 112(e)(4), 
section 112(e)(6), section 114(f)(1)(B), section 114(f)(1)(C)(ii), 
section 114(f)(2)(B), or section 114(f)(2)(C)(ii), or by an order of 
the Librarian of Congress pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 802(f), prior to the 
effective date of the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 
2004, or by determination of the Copyright Royalty Judges under section 
112(e)(4), section 112(e)(6), section 114(f)(1)(B), section 
114(f)(1)(C)(ii), section 114(f)(2)(B), or section 114(f)(2)(C)(ii).
    (4) A new subscription service is defined in Sec.  370.1(b)(2)(iv).
    (5) A nonsubscription transmission service is defined in Sec.  
370.1(b)(2)(iii).
    (6) A preexisting satellite digital audio radio service is defined 
in Sec.  370.1(b)(2)(ii).
    (7) A business establishment service is defined in Sec.  
370.1(b)(2)(v).
    (8) A performance is each instance in which any portion of a sound 
recording is publicly performed to a Listener by means of a digital 
audio transmission or retransmission (e.g., the delivery of any portion 
of a single track from a compact disc to one Listener) but excluding 
the following:
    (i) A performance of a sound recording that does not require a 
license (e.g., the sound recording is not copyrighted);
    (ii) A performance of a sound recording for which the service has 
previously obtained a license from the Copyright Owner of such sound 
recording; and
    (iii) An incidental performance that both:
    (A) Makes no more than incidental use of sound recordings 
including, but not limited to, brief musical transitions in and out of 
commercials or program segments, brief performances during news, talk 
and sports programming, brief background performances during disk 
jockey announcements, brief performances during commercials of sixty 
seconds or less in duration, or brief performances during sporting or 
other public events and
    (B) Other than ambient music that is background at a public event, 
does not contain an entire sound recording and does not feature a 
particular sound recording of more than thirty seconds (as in the case 
of a sound recording used as a theme song).
    (9) Play frequency is the number of times a sound recording is 
publicly performed by a Service during the relevant period, without 
respect to the number of listeners receiving the sound recording. If a 
particular sound recording is transmitted to listeners on a particular 
channel or program only once during the two-week reporting period, then 
the play frequency is one. If the sound recording is transmitted 10 
times during the two-week reporting period, then the play frequency is 
10.
    (10) A Report of Use is a report required under this section to be 
provided by a nonsubscription transmission service and new subscription 
service that is transmitting sound recordings pursuant to the statutory 
license set forth in section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States 
Code or making ephemeral phonorecords of sound recordings pursuant to 
the statutory license set forth in section 112(e) of title 17 of the 
United States Code, or both.
    (c) Report of Use-- (1) Separate reports not required. A 
nonsubscription transmission service, preexisting satellite digital 
audio radio service or a new subscription service that transmits sound 
recordings pursuant to the statutory license set forth in section 
114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code and makes ephemeral 
phonorecords of sound recordings

[[Page 59017]]

pursuant to the statutory license set forth in section 112(e) of title 
17 of the United States Code need not maintain a separate Report of Use 
for each statutory license during the relevant reporting periods.
    (2) Content. For a nonsubscription transmission service, 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio service, new subscription 
service or business establishment service that transmits sound 
recordings pursuant to the statutory license set forth in section 
114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code, or the statutory 
license set forth in section 112(e) of title 17 of the United States 
Code, or both, each Report of Use shall contain the following 
information, in the following order, for each sound recording 
transmitted during the reporting periods identified in paragraph (c)(3) 
of this section:
    (i) The name of the nonsubscription transmission service, 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio service, new subscription 
service or business establishment service making the transmissions, 
including the name of the entity filing the Report of Use, if 
different;
    (ii) The category transmission code for the category of 
transmission operated by the nonsubscription transmission service, 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio service, new subscription 
service or business establishment service:
    (A) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions other than broadcast 
simulcasts and transmissions of non-music programming;
    (B) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions of broadcast 
simulcast programming not reasonably classified as news, talk, sports 
or business programming;
    (C) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions of non-music 
programming reasonably classified as news, talk, sports or business 
programming;
    (D) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions by a non-Corporation 
for Public Broadcasting noncommercial broadcaster making transmissions 
covered by Sec. Sec.  261.3(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this title;
    (E) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions by a non-Corporation 
for Public Broadcasting noncommercial broadcaster making transmissions 
covered by Sec.  261.3(a)(2)(iii) of this title;
    (F) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions by a small webcaster 
operating under an agreement published in the Federal Register pursuant 
to the Small Webcaster Settlement Act;
    (G) For eligible nonsubscription transmissions by a noncommercial 
broadcaster operating under an agreement published in the Federal 
Register pursuant to the Small Webcaster Settlement Act;
    (H) For transmissions other than broadcast simulcasts and 
transmissions of non-music programming made by an eligible new 
subscription service;
    (I) For transmissions of broadcast simulcast programming not 
reasonably classified as news, talk, sports or business programming 
made by an eligible new subscription service;
    (J) For transmissions of non-music programming reasonably 
classified as news, talk, sports or business programming made by an 
eligible new subscription service; and
    (K) For eligible transmissions by a business establishment service 
making ephemeral recordings;
    (iii) The featured artist;
    (iv) The sound recording title;
    (v) The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) or, 
alternatively to the ISRC, the
    (A) Album title; and
    (B) Marketing label;
    (vi) The actual total performances of the sound recording during 
the reporting period or, alternatively, the
    (A) Aggregate Tuning Hours;
    (B) Channel or program name; and
    (C) Play frequency.
    (3) Reporting period. A Report of Use shall be prepared for a two-
week period (two periods of 7 consecutive days) for each calendar 
quarter of the year. The two weeks need not be consecutive, but both 
weeks must be completely within the calendar quarter.
    (4) Signature. Reports of Use shall include a signed statement by 
the appropriate officer or representative of the service attesting, 
under penalty of perjury, that the information contained in the Report 
is believed to be accurate and is maintained by the service in its 
ordinary course of business. The signature shall be accompanied by the 
printed or typewritten name and the title of the person signing the 
Report, and by the date of the signature.
    (5) Confidentiality. Copyright owners, their agents and Collectives 
shall not disseminate information in the Reports of Use to any persons 
not entitled to it, nor utilize the information for purposes other than 
royalty collection and distribution, without consent of the service 
providing the Report of Use.
    (6) Documentation. A Service shall, for a period of at least three 
years from the date of service or posting of a Report of Use, keep and 
retain a copy of the Report of Use.
    (d) Format and delivery--(1) Electronic format only. Reports of use 
must be maintained and delivered in electronic format only, as 
prescribed in paragraphs (d)(2) through (8) of this section. A hard 
copy report of use is not permissible.
    (2) ASCII text file delivery; facilitation by provision of 
spreadsheet templates. All report of use data files must be delivered 
in ASCII format. However, to facilitate such delivery, SoundExchange 
shall post and maintain on its Internet Web site a template for 
creating a report of use using Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet and 
Corel's Quattro Pro spreadsheet and instruction on how to convert such 
spreadsheets to ASCII text files that conform to the format 
specifications set forth below. Further, technical support and cost 
associated with the use of spreadsheets is the responsibility of the 
service submitting the report of use.
    (3) Delivery mechanism. The data contained in a report of use may 
be delivered by File Transfer Protocol (FTP), e-mail, CD-ROM, or floppy 
diskette according to the following specifications:
    (i) A service delivering a report of use via FTP must obtain a 
username, password and delivery instructions from SoundExchange. 
SoundExchange shall, by no later than December 5, 2006, post on a 
publicly available portion of its Web site instructions for applying 
for a username, password and delivery instructions. SoundExchange shall 
have 15 days from date of request to respond with a username, password 
and delivery instructions.
    (ii) A service delivering a report of use via e-mail shall append 
the report as an attachment to the e-mail. The main body of the e-mail 
shall identify:
    (A) The full name and address of the service;
    (B) The contact person's name, telephone number and e-mail address;
    (C) The start and end date of the reporting period;
    (D) The number of rows in the data file. If the report of use is a 
file using headers, counting of the rows should begin with row 15. If 
the report of use is a file without headers, counting of the rows 
should begin with row 1; and
    (E) The name of the file attached.
    (iii) A service delivering a report of use via CD-ROM must compress 
the reporting data to fit onto a single CD-ROM per reporting period. 
Each CD-ROM shall be submitted with a cover letter identifying:
    (A) The full name and address of the service;
    (B) The contact person's name, telephone number and e-mail address;
    (C) The start and end date of the reporting period;

[[Page 59018]]

    (D) The number of rows in the data file. If the report of use is a 
file using headers, counting of the rows should begin with row 15. If 
the report of use is a file without headers, counting of the rows 
should begin with row 1; and
    (E) The name of the file attached.
    (iv) A service delivering a report of use via floppy diskette must 
compress the reporting data to fit onto a single floppy diskette per 
reporting period. Each floppy diskette must measure 3.5 inches in 
diameter and be formatted using MS/DOS. Each floppy diskette shall be 
submitted with a cover letter identifying:
    (A) The full name and address of the service;
    (B) The contact person's name, telephone number and e-mail address;
    (C) The start and end date of the reporting period;
    (D) The number of rows in the data file. If the report of use is a 
file using headers, counting of the rows should begin with row 15. If 
the report of use is a file without headers, the counting of the rows 
should begin with row 1; and
    (E) The name of the file attached.
    (4) Delivery address. Reports of use shall be delivered to 
SoundExchange at the following address: SoundExchange, Inc., 1330 
Connecticut Avenue, NW., 330, Washington, DC 20036; (Phone) 
(202) 828-0120; (Facsimile) (202) 833-2141; (E-mail) 
info@soundexchange.com. SoundExchange shall forward electronic copies 
of these reports of use to all other collectives defined in this 
section.
    (5) File naming. Each data file contained in a report of use must 
be given a name by the service followed by the start and end date of 
the reporting period. The start and end date must be separated by a 
dash and in the format of day, month and year (YYYYMMDD). Each file 
name must end with the file type extension of ``.txt''. (Example: 
AcmeMusicCo20050101-20050331.txt).
    (6) File type and compression. (i) All data files must be in ASCII 
format.
    (ii) A report of use must be compressed in one of the following 
zipped formats:
    (A) .zip--generated using utilities such as WinZip and/or UNIX zip 
command;
    (B) .Z--generated using UNIX compress command; or
    (C) .gz--generated using UNIX gzip command.
    Zipped files shall be named in the same fashion as described in 
paragraph (d)(5) of this section, except that such zipped files shall 
use the applicable file extension compression name described in this 
paragraph (d)(6).
    (7) Files with headers. (i) If a service elects to submit files 
with headers, the following elements, in order, must occupy the first 
14 rows of a report of use:
    (A) Name of service;
    (B) Name of contact person;
    (C) Street address of the service;
    (D) City, state and zip code of the service;
    (E) Telephone number of the contact person;
    (F) E-mail address of the contact person;
    (G) Start of the reporting period (YYYYMMDD);
    (H) End of the reporting period (YYYYMMDD);
    (I) Report generation date (YYYYMMDD);
    (J) Number of rows in data file, beginning with 15th row;
    (K) Text indicator character;
    (L) Field delimiter character;
    (M) Blank line; and
    (N) Report headers (Featured Artist, Sound Recording Title, etc.).
    (ii) Each of the rows described in paragraphs (d)(7)(i)(A) through 
(F) of this section must not exceed 255 alphanumeric characters. Each 
of the rows described in paragraphs (d)(7)(i)(G) through (I) of this 
section should not exceed eight alphanumeric characters.
    (iii) Data text fields, as required by paragraph (c) of this 
section, begin on row 15 of a report of use with headers. A carriage 
return must be at the end of each row thereafter. Abbreviations within 
data fields are not permitted.
    (iv) The text indicator character must be unique and must never be 
found in the report's data content.
    (v) The field delimiter character must be unique and must never be 
found in the report's data content. Delimiters must be used even when 
certain elements are not being reported; in such case, the service must 
denote the blank data field with a delimiter in the order in which it 
would have appeared.
    (8) Files without headers. If a service elects to submit files 
without headers, the following format requirements must be met:
    (i) ASCII delimited format, using pipe ([verbarrm]) characters as 
delimiters, with no headers or footers;
    (ii) Carats ([and]) should surround strings;
    (iii) No carats ([and]) should surround dates and numbers;
    (iv) A carriage return must be at the end of each line;
    (v) All data for one record must be on a single line; and
    (vi) Abbreviations within data fields are not permitted.


Sec.  370.4  Reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license 
prior to April 1, 2004.

    (a) General. This section prescribes the rules which govern reports 
of use of sound recordings by nonsubscription transmission services, 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio services, new subscription 
services, and business establishment services under section 112(e) or 
section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code, or both, for 
the period from October 28, 1998, through March 31, 2004.
    (b) Reports of use. Reports of use filed by preexisting 
subscription services for transmissions made under 17 U.S.C. 114(f) 
pursuant to Sec.  370.2 for use of sound recordings under section 
112(e) or section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code, or 
both, for the period October 28, 1998, through March 31, 2004, shall 
serve as the reports of use for nonsubscription transmission services, 
preexisting satellite digital audio radio services, new subscription 
services, and business establishment services for their use of sound 
recordings under section 112(e) or section 114(d)(2) of title 17 of the 
United States Code, or both, for the period from October 28, 1998, 
through March 31, 2004.
    (c) Royalty Logic Inc. If, in accordance with Sec.  261.4(c) of 
this title, any Copyright Owners or Performers have provided timely 
notice to SoundExchange of an election to receive royalties from 
Royalty Logic, Inc. (RLI) as a Designated Agent for the period October 
28, 1998, through December 31, 2002, or any portion thereof, 
SoundExchange shall provide to RLI copies of the Reports of Use 
described in paragraph (b) of this section for that period or the 
applicable portion thereof.


Sec.  370.5  Designated collection and distribution organizations for 
reports of use of sound recordings under statutory license.

    (a) General. This section prescribes rules under which reports of 
use shall be collected and distributed under section 114(f) of title 17 
of the United States Code, and under which reports of such use shall be 
kept and made available.
    (b) Definitions. (1) A Collective is a collection and distribution 
organization that is designated under the statutory license by decision 
of a Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel under section 114(f)(1)(B) or 
section 114(f)(1)(C)(ii), or by an order of the Librarian of Congress 
pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 802(f), prior to the effective date of the 
Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, or by 
determination of the Copyright

[[Page 59019]]

Royalty Judges under section 114(f)(1)(B)