Self-Regulatory Organizations: National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change and Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3 thereto to Establish New NASD Rule 2290 Regarding Fairness Opinions, 18395-18401 [E6-5237]
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this sector of the marketplace. Thus, the
Commission finds that the proposed
rule change is consistent with Sections
15A(b)(6) and 15A(b)(9) of the Act.
V. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,46 that the
proposed rule change (SR–NASD–2004–
044), as amended, be, and it hereby is,
approved.
For the Commission, by the Division of
Market Regulation, pursuant to delegated
authority.47
Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6–5236 Filed 4–10–06; 8:45 am]
comments on the proposed rule change,
as amended, from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
NASD is proposing to establish new
NASD Rule 2290 to address disclosures
and procedures concerning the issuance
of fairness opinions. Below is the text of
the proposed rule change. Proposed new
language is in italics; proposed
deletions are in brackets.
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2200. COMMUNICATIONS WITH
CUSTOMERS AND THE PUBLIC
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BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
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2290. Fairness Opinions
(a) Disclosures
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–53598; File No. SR–NASD–
2005–080]
Self-Regulatory Organizations:
National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.; Notice of Filing of
Proposed Rule Change and
Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3 thereto to
Establish New NASD Rule 2290
Regarding Fairness Opinions
April 4, 2006.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on June 24,
2005, the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. (‘‘NASD’’) filed
with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’)
the proposed rule change as described
in Items I, II, and III below, which Items
have been prepared by NASD. On
November 30, 2005, NASD filed
Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule
change.3 On January 25, 2006, NASD
filed Amendment No. 2 to the proposed
rule change.4 On March 1, 2006, NASD
filed Amendment No. 3 to the proposed
rule change.5 The Commission is
publishing this notice to solicit
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46 15
U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
47 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 In Amendment No. 1, which supplemented the
original filing, NASD modified the scope of the
proposed rule change and made certain
clarifications to the rule text following discussions
with Commission staff.
4 In Amendment No. 2, NASD added clarifying
language to the rule text following discussions with
Commission staff.
5 Amendment No. 3 was a technical amendment
and replaced and superseded the original filing, as
amended, in its entirety.
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Any member issuing a fairness
opinion that may be provided, or
described, or otherwise referenced to
public shareholders must disclose, to
the extent not otherwise required, in
such fairness opinion:
(1) whether such member has acted as
a financial advisor to any transaction
that is the subject of the fairness
opinion, and, if applicable, that it will
receive compensation for:
(A) rendering the fairness opinion that
is contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction;
(B) serving as an advisor that is
contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction;
(2) whether such member will receive
any other payment or compensation
contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction;
(3) whether there is any material
relationship that existed during the past
two years or is mutually understood to
be contemplated in which any
compensation was received or is
intended to be received as a result of the
relationship between the member and
the companies that are involved in the
transaction that is the subject of the
fairness opinion;
(4) the categories of information that
formed a substantial basis for the
fairness opinion that was supplied to
the member by the company requesting
the opinion concerning the companies
involved in the transaction and whether
any such information in each such
category has been independently
verified by the member; and
(5) whether the fairness opinion was
approved or issued by a fairness
committee.
(b) Procedures
Any member issuing a fairness
opinion must have procedures that
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address the process by which a fairness
opinion is approved by a firm,
including:
(1) the types of transactions and the
circumstances in which the member will
use a fairness committee to approve or
issue a fairness opinion, and in such
transactions where it uses a fairness
committee:
(A) the process for selecting personnel
to be on the fairness committee;
(B) the necessary qualifications of
persons serving on the fairness
committee; and
(C) the process to promote a balanced
review by the fairness committee,
including review and approval by
persons who do not serve on or advise
the ‘‘deal team’’ to the transaction;
(2) the process to determine whether
the valuation analyses used in the
fairness opinion are appropriate, and
the procedures should state the extent to
which the appropriateness of the use of
such valuation analyses is determined
by the type of company or transaction
that is the subject of the fairness
opinion; and
(3) the process to evaluate whether the
amount and nature of the compensation
from the transaction underlying the
fairness opinion benefiting any
individual officers, directors or
employees, or class of such persons,
relative to the benefits to shareholders
of the company, is a factor in reaching
a fairness determination.
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II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission,
NASD included statements concerning
the purpose of and basis for the
proposed rule change and discussed any
comments it received on the proposed
rule change. The text of these statements
may be examined at the places specified
in Item IV below. NASD has prepared
summaries, set forth in sections A, B,
and C below, of the most significant
aspects of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
NASD notes that a fairness opinion
addresses, from a financial point of
view, the fairness of the consideration
in a transaction. Fairness opinions are
routinely used by directors of a
company in corporate control
transactions to satisfy their fiduciary
duties to act with due care and in an
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informed manner. Although not
required by statute or regulation,
fairness opinions have become
commonplace in corporate control
transactions following the 1985
Delaware Supreme Court case of Smith
v. Van Gorkom,6 in which a corporate
board was held to have breached its
fiduciary duty of care by approving a
merger without adequate information on
the transaction, including information
on the value of the company and the
fairness of the offering price.
NASD notes that, while a fairness
opinion addresses the fairness, from a
financial point of view, of the
consideration involved in a transaction,
it does not indicate whether the price of
a particular transaction is the best price
that could be attained. Rather, it opines
on whether the price is ‘‘fair’’ or within
an acceptable range of values. A fairness
opinion is prepared for a company’s
board of directors; however, it is often
provided to shareholders as part of
proxy materials. Inasmuch as a fairness
opinion is not required by regulation or
statute, the board of directors
determines whether to obtain a fairness
opinion, the scope of such opinion, and
the party preparing such opinion.
NASD has been concerned that the
disclosures provided in fairness
opinions may not sufficiently inform
public shareholders about the potential
conflicts of interest that exist between
the firm rendering the fairness opinion
and the issuer. Among these conflicts
are fees that the firm rendering the
fairness opinion will receive upon the
successful completion of the transaction
(either from advisory fees or fees for the
fairness opinion itself), as well as other
material relationships between the firm
and the issuer (including, but not
limited to, serving as an underwriter,
lender, market maker, asset manager, or
providing research coverage).
NASD notes that, under the SEC’s
proxy rules, which apply to issuers,
certain disclosures about potential
conflicts of interest are provided to
public shareholders. NASD believes that
complementary rules for disclosure
aimed at broker-dealers rendering
fairness opinions would be beneficial.
In addition, NASD believes that brokerdealers should develop greater
specificity in their written supervisory
procedures to guard against conflicts of
interest in rendering fairness opinions.
To that end, NASD is proposing to
identify specific procedures that must
be addressed by each firm that renders
a fairness opinion.
Paragraph (a)(1) of the proposed rule
change sets forth the requirement for a
6 Smith
v. Van Gorkom, 488 A.2d 858 (Del. 1985).
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member to disclose in any fairness
opinion that may be provided, or
described, or otherwise referenced to
public shareholders, whether it has
acted as a financial advisor to any
transaction that is the subject of the
fairness opinion, and, if applicable, that
it will receive compensation for: (A)
Rendering the fairness opinion that is
contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction, or (B)
serving as an advisor that is contingent
upon the successful completion of the
transaction. Paragraph (a)(2) would
require disclosure of whether such
member will receive any other payment
or compensation contingent upon the
successful completion of the
transaction. Paragraph (a)(3) would
require disclosure of whether there is
any material relationship that existed
during the past two years or is mutually
understood to be contemplated, in
which any compensation was received
or is intended to be received as a result
of the relationship between the member
and the companies that are involved in
the transaction that is the subject of the
fairness opinion.
NASD intends that the disclosures
contemplated by paragraphs (a)(1)–(3) of
the proposal be descriptive rather than
quantitative. In particular, paragraphs
(a)(1) and (2) do not require firms to
specify the amount of compensation for
rendering the fairness opinion, serving
as an advisor or otherwise, that is
contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction. For
purposes of the proposed rule change,
NASD believes that it would be
sufficient for investors to be informed
that such contingent compensation
relationships exist. Similarly, NASD
intends that the disclosures in
paragraph (a)(3) pertaining to ‘‘material
relationships’’ also be descriptive rather
than quantitative.
Paragraph (a)(4) would require
disclosure of the categories of
information that formed a substantial
basis for the fairness opinion that was
supplied to the member by the company
requesting the opinion concerning the
companies involved in the transaction
and whether any such information has
been independently verified by the
member. According to NASD, such
disclosure must inform investors about
the categories of information (such as
projected earnings and revenues,
expected cost-savings and synergies,
industry trends and growth rate) that
formed a substantial basis for the
fairness opinion, and with respect to
each category, whether the member has
independently verified the information
supplied by the company.
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Finally, paragraph (a)(5) would
require disclosure of whether the
fairness opinion was approved or issued
by a fairness committee and informs
investors of whether the fairness
opinion was the product of a fairness
committee.
Paragraph (b)(1) of the proposed rule
change contains the procedures
members must follow in issuing a
fairness opinion, including the types of
transactions and the circumstances in
which the member will use a fairness
committee to approve or issue a fairness
opinion, and, in such transactions
where it uses a fairness committee: (A)
The process for selecting personnel to
be on the fairness committee; (B) the
necessary qualifications of persons
serving on the fairness committee; and
(C) the process to promote a balanced
review by the fairness committee,
including review and approval by
persons who do not serve on or advise
the ‘‘deal team’’ to the transaction.
The procedures in paragraph (b)(2)
would require members to have a
process to determine whether the
valuation analyses used in the fairness
opinion are appropriate. In addition, the
member’s procedures should state the
extent to which the appropriateness of
the use of such valuation analyses is
determined by the type of company or
transaction that is the subject of the
fairness opinion. Finally, paragraph
(b)(3) would require members to have a
process to evaluate whether the amount
and nature of the compensation from
the transaction underlying the fairness
opinion benefits any individual officers,
directors or employees, or class of such
persons, relative to the benefits to
shareholders of the company, is a factor
in reaching a fairness determination.
NASD intends to announce the
effective date of the proposed rule
change in a Notice to Members to be
published no later than 60 days
following Commission approval. The
effective date will be 30 days following
publication of the Notice to Members
announcing Commission approval.
2. Statutory Basis
NASD believes that the proposed rule
change is consistent with the provisions
of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act, which
requires, among other things, that NASD
rules must be designed to prevent
fraudulent and manipulative acts and
practices, to promote just and equitable
principles of trade, and, in general, to
protect investors and the public interest.
NASD believes that investors and the
public interest will benefit from
additional disclosure of potential
conflicts of interest in connection with
fairness opinions rendered by broker-
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dealers. NASD also believes that
members should develop and adhere to
more detailed procedures to mitigate
potential conflicts in rendering fairness
opinions.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Burden on Competition
NASD does not believe that the
proposed rule change will result in any
burden on competition that is not
necessary or appropriate in furtherance
of the purposes of the Act, as amended.
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C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement on Comments on the
Proposed Rule Change Received From
Members, Participants, or Others
The proposed rule change was
published for comment in NASD Notice
to Members 04–83 (November 2004).
Twenty comment letters were received
in response to the Notice.7 Of the twenty
comment letters received, twelve were
in favor of the proposed rule change,
seven were opposed, and one expressed
no opinion.
In Notice to Members 04–83, NASD
solicited comment on whether to
propose a new rule that would require
disclosures and procedures in
connection with conflicts of interest
when members provide fairness
opinions in corporate control
transactions. Although Notice to
Members 04–83 did not contain specific
rule text, it proposed the following:
1. Any fairness opinion rendered by a
member and contained in a proxy
statement shall describe a clear and
complete description of the material
7 Letter from Lerner College of Business and
Economics, University of Delaware dated Nov. 24,
2004; Letter from Ohio Public Employees
Retirement System dated Nov. 30, 2004; Letter from
Ohio Retirement Systems dated Dec. 9, 2004; Letter
from Charles M. Elson, Arthur H. Rosenbloom, and
Drew G.L. Chapman dated Dec. 21, 2004; Letter
from The Canadian Institute of Chartered Business
Valuators dated Jan. 6, 2005; Letter from American
Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations (‘‘AFL–CIO’’) dated Jan. 10, 2005;
Letter from Kane & Company, Inc. (‘‘Kane’’) dated
Jan. 10, 2005; Letter from Standard & Poor’s
Corporate Value Consulting (‘‘S&P’’) dated Jan. 10,
2005; Letter from Council of Institutional Investors
dated Jan. 12, 2005; Letter from The Committee on
Securities Regulation of the Business Law Section
of the New York State Bar Association dated Jan.
26, 2005; Letter from Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from HFBE Capital, L.P.
dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from Signal Hill Capital
Group LLC dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from Sutter
Securities Incorporated dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter
from California Public Employees’ Retirement
System (‘‘CalPERS’’) dated Feb. 1, 2005; Letter from
Davis Polk & Wardwell (‘‘David Polk’’) dated Feb.
1, 2005; Letter from Dewey Ballantine LLP dated
Feb. 1, 2005; Letter from Houlihan Lokey Howard
& Zukin (‘‘Houlihan Lokey’’) dated Feb. 1, 2005;
Letter from Securities Industry Association dated
Feb. 1, 2005; and Letter from The Special
Committee on Mergers, Acquisitions and Corporate
Control Contests of the Association of the Bar of the
City of New York dated Feb. 1, 2005.
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conflicts of interests in issuing the
opinion, including the nature of any
contingent compensation that the
member would receive upon successful
completion of the transaction.
2. The member would be required to
disclose in the fairness opinion the
extent upon which it either relied on the
information supplied by the company or
independently verified such
information.
3. The member would need to
maintain written policies and
procedures that, with respect to the
issuance of fairness opinions, address:
• the approval process by the
member; if the member uses a fairness
committee, then the level of experience
for committee members, how balanced
approval is undertaken and whether
steps have been taken to require review
by persons whose compensation is not
directly related to the transaction;
• the manner by which it will be
determined that the appropriate
valuation process will be used in light
of the nature of the transaction and the
types of companies that are involved;
and
• whether, in a particular transaction,
the relative compensation to company
insiders versus shareholders is a factor
in reaching a fairness determination.
One of the central elements of Notice
to Members 04–83 was that any fairness
opinion rendered by a member and
contained in a proxy statement describe
a clear and complete description of the
significant potential conflicts of
interests in issuing the opinion,
including the nature of any contingent
compensation that the member would
receive upon successful completion of
the transaction.
A. What Constitutes a Conflict of
Interest?
Many commenters recognized the
need for disclosure of potential conflicts
of interest, although several commenters
took issue with the term ‘‘conflict of
interest’’ and instead preferred the term
‘‘material relationships’’ as used in
SEC’s Regulation M–A. Notice to
Members 04–83 focused on potential
conflicts arising from serving as advisor
to the transaction, such as receiving a
contingency fee for a completed
transaction. Many commenters believed
that a success fee, either for the fairness
opinion or the transaction in question,
should be disclosed. One commenter
noted that potential conflicts of interest
may arise under many other
circumstances, including serving as an
underwriter, lender, market maker, asset
manager, or providing research
coverage.
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Several commenters noted that
existing rules of the SEC and common
law currently require extensive
disclosure in connection with fairness
opinions and urged NASD to make sure
its rules were consistent with these
existing requirements. There was some
support for a rule that ‘‘complements’’
existing disclosure requirements. NASD
believes that the proposed rule change
is consistent with existing SEC
requirements. In the proposed rule
change, NASD would require disclosure
of ‘‘whether there is any material
relationship that existed during the past
two years or is mutually understood to
be contemplated in which any
compensation was received or is
intended to be received as a result of the
relationship between the member and
the companies that are involved in the
transaction that is the subject of the
fairness opinion.’’ This disclosure is
based on the requirements in Item
1015(b)(4) of SEC’s Regulation M–A.8
NASD has not sought to require firms to
identify ‘‘any significant conflicts of
interest’’ as originally proposed in
Notice to Members 04–83.
While the rule text of paragraph (a)(3)
of the proposed rule change was
modeled after Item 1015(b)(4), NASD
does not intend to construe this section
to require quantitative disclosures of the
compensation from each material
relationship. For purposes of the
proposed rule change, NASD believes it
will be sufficient for investors to be
informed about the material
relationships that exist.
NASD also notes that the proposed
rule change differs slightly from Item
1015(b)(4) in that the proposed rule
change applies to a material relationship
between ‘‘the member and the
companies’’ involved in the transaction,
whereas Item 1015(b)(4) applies only to
the member (and its affiliates) and the
company (and its affiliates) for which
the member is rendering the fairness
opinion. NASD believes that investors
should be informed of material
relationships between the firm
authoring the fairness opinion and the
companies involved on both sides of the
transaction. Moreover, given the
narrative (i.e., non-quantitative) focus of
this paragraph, NASD believes the
additional disclosures are not likely to
be burdensome on firms or confusing to
investors. NASD notes, however, that
unlike Item 1015, Rule 2290 does not
reach to affiliates of such companies.
NASD intends to review the comment
letters received by the SEC before
determining whether to amend
paragraph (a)(3) to include affiliates.
8 17
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Several commenters asked NASD to
‘‘take stronger measures’’ to address
conflicts in connection with fairness
opinions, including requiring
‘‘independent’’ fairness opinions
rendered by outside experts that are not
connected to the transaction. One
commenter recommended prohibiting
investment banks from receiving
success fees for transactions in which
they issue fairness opinions. And
another commenter urged an outright
ban on arrangements in which part of an
investment bank’s fee for rendering a
fairness opinion is contingent on the
transaction closing.
NASD has considered carefully those
comments urging stronger measures
such as an independent fairness opinion
or a prohibition on success fees. As a
starting point to its analysis, NASD
notes that fairness opinions are not
required by regulation or statute; a
board of directors determines whether
to obtain a fairness opinion, and if so,
what the scope of a fairness opinion
shall be and who shall prepare such
opinion. In addition, NASD believes
that, to the extent that a board of
directors wants a fairness opinion from
a firm not serving as an advisor to the
transaction, or to structure payments
without a contingency fee, it can do so.
NASD notes that arguments that
independent fairness opinions or those
without a success fee component offer
advantages may be well-founded.
However, it is NASD’s view that such
matters are more appropriately situated
within the purview of the board of
directors and state corporation law.
NASD believes that disclosure and
procedures constitute the appropriate
course in mitigating potential conflicts
of interest in the rendering of fairness
opinions, not otherwise limited under
applicable law, by NASD members.
Moreover, NASD believes that the
lack of consensus among those
commenters urging NASD to take
stronger measures supports the more
uniform course of disclosure and
procedures. Whereas CalPERS asked
NASD to prohibit ‘‘investment banks
from receiving ‘success’ fees for
transactions in which they issue fairness
opinions,’’ 9 the AFL-CIO sought only to
prohibit ‘‘arrangements in which part of
an investment bank’s fee for rendering
its opinion is contingent on the
transaction closing.’’ 10 Some
commenters, such as Kane, want to
forbid firms with a certain threshold
amount of securities business with a
company from rendering a fairness
opinion, whereas AFL-CIO ‘‘do[es] not
9 CalPERS,
at 2.
at 3.
10 AFL–CIO,
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believe the mere existence of a business
relationship with a company should
disqualify an investment bank from
providing a fairness opinion.’’ 11
As NASD noted above, fairness
opinions are obtained by boards of
directors to satisfy their fiduciary duties
to act with due care and in an informed
manner. NASD further notes that a
fairness opinion is not an automatic
defense to a claim that a board breached
its fiduciary duties. Courts regularly
examine the circumstances surrounding
a fairness opinion to determine whether
it can be relied upon by the board in
satisfaction of its fiduciary duties. Thus,
NASD notes that boards of directors
must today take into account whether
an issuer’s relationship with an
investment bank compromises the
purposes for which the fairness opinion
is sought. NASD believes that the
disclosure standards in these proposed
rules would be an important aid to an
issuer’s board in making that
determination.
B. To Whom Should Disclosure be
Made?
Some commenters believe that the
proposed rule change should only
require disclosure of potential conflicts
by the member to the board of directors,
citing concerns about breach of
confidentiality if relationships between
the member firm authoring the fairness
opinion and its issuer client were
publicly disclosed. Others believe that
disclosure should be made more
broadly, including in the fairness
opinion itself, so that any reader of the
fairness opinion can assess the conflicts
associated with such opinion. NASD
believes that, in general, a board of
directors already is in a position to
become informed about the potential
conflicts with an investment bank that
it chooses to render a fairness opinion.
NASD notes, however, that investorshareholders typically do not occupy
the same such position. As stated in
Notice to Members 04–83, NASD’s
concern is that investors may not be
sufficiently informed ‘‘about the
subjective nature of some opinions and
their potential biases.’’ Accordingly, the
proposed rule change requires
disclosures by any member issuing a
fairness opinion that may be provided,
or described, or otherwise referenced to
public shareholders. The requirements
attach to any such fairness opinion
issued by a member, regardless of
whether it is included in proxy
materials.
11 Id.,
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C. Verification
As NASD noted above, the proposal
in Notice to Members 04–83 would
require a firm to disclose in a fairness
opinion the extent upon which it either
relied on the information supplied by
the company or independently verified
such information. Nearly every party
commenting on this provision stated
that firms as a matter of course already
disclose in the fairness opinion that
they do not independently verify
information provided by the issuer.
While most commenters did not believe
that there was any need for an NASD
rule given current practices, the
commenters did not oppose NASD
rulemaking so long as it did not create
a requirement for firms to verify
information before rendering a fairness
opinion. Many commenters stated that
the terms of engagement for rendering a
fairness opinion do not call for
independent verification of information
provided by management, and that other
entities, such as forensic accountants,
would be better skilled to verify data.
S&P suggested that fairness opinions
include disclosure of the information
provided by management upon which
the opinion is based, and could take the
form of a ‘‘List of Documents Relied
Upon,’’ similar to that which
accompanies an expert’s report in
commercial litigation.12
The proposed rule change would not
require a member to independently
verify data provided by the issuer.
NASD agrees with commenters that the
scope of a firm’s obligations in
rendering a fairness opinion is set forth
in the terms of engagement with the
client, and it is not required that such
terms call for independent verification.
NASD believes, however, that, to the
extent categories of information (such as
projected earnings and revenues,
expected cost-savings and synergies,
industry trends and growth rate) that
were supplied by the company
requesting the opinion formed a
substantial basis for the fairness
opinion, and information in each such
category was not independently
verified, readers of the fairness opinion
should be apprised of this fact.
Accordingly, the proposed rule change
requires members to identify categories
of information that formed a substantial
basis for the fairness opinion and with
respect to such information, whether
any such information in each such
category has been independently
verified by the member. NASD notes
that the proposed rule change goes
beyond current practices in which firms
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state, for example, ‘‘[w]e have not
independently verified the accuracy and
completeness of the information
supplied to us with respect to the
[client] and do not assume any
responsibility with respect to it.’’ 13
According to NASD, blanket statements
that members have not verified
information will not by themselves
comply with the proposed rule change;
members must identify information that
formed a substantial basis for the
fairness opinions and disclose whether
such information was independently
verified.
D. Written Policies and Procedures
1. Fairness Opinion Committee
NASD solicited comment on whether
to require written procedures governing
the approval process by the member,
including whether it uses a fairness
committee, the level of experience for
fairness committee members, how
balanced approval is undertaken and
whether steps have been taken to
require review by persons whose
compensation is not directly related to
the transaction. Most commenters
believed that firms already had
procedures in place governing fairness
opinions. Notwithstanding this fact,
several commenters supported a welltailored rule in this area. Commenters
believed that NASD rulemaking should,
however, provide the flexibility to allow
each firm to determine the best manner
of implementing effective and efficient
procedures for reviewing and approving
fairness opinions. Several commenters
opposed any rule in which NASD
would mandate specific procedures that
must be followed. These commenters
believed that the firms themselves—and
not NASD—should determine what
policies and procedures should be
followed in rendering a fairness
opinion.
NASD believes that the proposed rule
change is both well-tailored and flexible
enough to allow firms to determine how
to best implement effective and efficient
procedures for reviewing and approving
fairness opinions. The specific
requirements were discussed in Item
II.A.1 above.
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2. Valuation
NASD also solicited comment on
whether to require written policies and
procedures on the manner by which it
will be determined that the appropriate
valuation process will be used in light
of the nature of the transaction and the
types of companies that are involved.
The commenters generally were
13 Houlihan
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concerned about any NASD rule that
would interfere with the selection of the
best methodology for a transaction.
NASD does not believe the
requirement in the proposed rule
change to have written polices and
procedures concerning the process to
determine whether the valuation
analyses used in the fairness opinion are
appropriate, nor the requirement that
procedures should state the extent to
which the appropriateness of the use of
such valuation analyses is determined
by the type of company or transaction
that is the subject of the fairness
opinion, will interfere with a firm’s
ability to select the most appropriate
methodology for a transaction. NASD
believes that the procedures developed
by the firm should be designed to allow
the firm to identify and use the correct
valuation methodology. In addition,
NASD believes that the procedures
should prevent the use of a particular
valuation methodology at the behest of
an interested party when such
methodology is inappropriate.
3. Relative Compensation
Finally, NASD solicited comment on
a requirement for broker-dealers to have
a process to evaluate whether the
relative compensation to corporate
insiders versus other shareholders in a
contemplated transaction is a factor in
reaching a fairness opinion.
On the one hand, certain commenters
felt the proposal did not go far enough.
There was a view that change of control
provisions that are a part of any
transaction should be disclosed to
shareholders as a material factor to be
considered as part of the proxy process
because often times such payments may
be ambiguous or may not be expressly
set out in the deal terms of a transaction.
With respect to these commenters,
NASD believes the purpose of the
proposed requirement in this area is
misunderstood. According to NASD, the
proposed rulemaking, as it pertains to
dealing with the factor of relative
compensation in the fairness opinion
process, is driven by the regulatory goal
of ameliorating this potential conflict
through procedures reasonably designed
to consider whether in fact such conflict
exists and to what extent it may bear on
the determination that a transaction is
fair. NASD states that it is not intended
to fashion additional substantive legal
requirements more appropriately
addressed, in NASD’s view, by state
corporation law and the federal law and
rules concerning proxies. It is NASD’s
view that subjecting this potential
conflict to the rigor of appropriately and
reasonably designed procedures is an
appropriate prophylactic with respect to
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18399
a factor that may or may not weigh on
the determination that a transaction is
fair.
On the other hand, other commenters
felt that management’s interests in
change of control transactions were not
an applicable part of the fairness
opinion process because the
appropriateness of management
compensation was beyond the scope of
the fairness opinions, was difficult or
impossible to quantify, in many cases
rested upon arrangements that preceded
the transaction, and required an
expertise in executive compensation
that is beyond the competency of those
issuing fairness opinions.
Again, NASD believes that these
comments evidence a misunderstanding
of the proposed requirement. NASD
does not believe that broker-dealers
issuing fairness opinions should review
the propriety of preexisting
compensation arrangements as such
matters would be like any other
preexisting fixed or contingent liability
of the corporation that cannot be altered
by the terms of any change of control
transaction. According to the NASD, the
intent of the proposed requirement is
that firms consider the extent to which
the differential in remuneration between
management and other shareholders
accruing from the deal proceeds, for
which there was no prior contractual
commitment, is a factor in determining
the fairness of the transaction to
shareholders. NASD notes that the
proposed requirement does not reach
the implicit conclusion that such
differential payments are a factor as to
whether a transaction is fair but, in
NASD’s view, it would be equally
wrong to conclude that such differential
payments are inappropriately placed
among the factors and indicia that one
should consider in rendering a fairness
opinion. NASD believes it is true that a
fairness opinion merely states that the
transaction is fair and does not
necessarily represent the best price.
However, NASD also believes it is true
that the considerations surrounding the
issuance of a fairness opinion are
artificially truncated when the total
amount that a buyer is willing to pay
and how such payment is allocated is
never an appropriate factor in a change
of control transaction.
E. Other
S&P suggested greater transparency in
fairness opinion pricing. Insofar as the
price of many fairness opinions is
bundled with other advisory services,
S&P believed that corporate boards of
directors are often less willing to
procure an independent fairness
opinion. S&P believed that full
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 11, 2006 / Notices
disclosure of the fairness opinion fee,
and in some instances, an actual
indication of the financial advisor’s
effort, could be meaningful disclosure.14
NASD does not believe it should
mandate disclosure of the price or effort
expended in preparing the fairness
opinion. With respect to price, it is
NASD’s view that if a board of directors
believes it would benefit from more
detailed information about prices, it is
in a position to obtain that information
from the firm as a condition of engaging
the firm to perform advisory and
fairness opinion services. With respect
to effort, this seems to NASD a
potentially misleading metric upon
which any reliance would be placed.
NASD believes that efforts, great or
small, expended upon poorly conceived
procedures are of dubious value.
Consequently, NASD believes that the
appropriate regulatory response is to
require members to employ processes
framed by appropriately and reasonably
designed procedures.
Davis Polk was concerned that NASD
rules concerning fairness opinions
would discriminate against member
firms, since fairness opinions can be
provided by non-broker-dealers.15
NASD recognizes that firms not subject
to NASD’s jurisdiction are able to render
fairness opinions; however, NASD
believes that this is not a justification
for failing to address actual or perceived
conflicts of interest in the brokerage
industry or inadequacies in disclosure
by such firms.
Finally, several commenters suggested
that existing judicial precedent and
oversight are more effective controls
over the fairness opinion process than
would be a new NASD rule, and one
commenter suggested that NASD
rulemaking may interfere with
standards for fairness opinions under
corporate law. NASD recognizes and
appreciates the role of corporate law on
the fairness opinion process. As NASD
has noted above, a fairness opinion
must comply with corporate law to
serve its intended purpose—to satisfy
their fiduciary duties to act with due
care and in an informed manner. While
NASD understands its rules operate in
conjunction with judicial precedent, it
does not believe that judicial review
should exclude NASD rulemaking.
NASD notes that many aspects of the
securities laws are subject to extensive
judicial review, but that would be an
illogical and novel barrier to SEC and
SRO rulemaking.
14 S&P,
at 2.
Polk, at 3–4.
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III. Date of Effectiveness of the
Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 35 days of the date of
publication of this notice in the Federal
Register or within such longer period (i)
as the Commission may designate up to
90 days of such date if it finds such
longer period to be appropriate and
publishes its reasons for so finding or
(ii) as to which the self-regulatory
organization consents, the Commission
will:
A. by order approve such proposed
rule change, or
B. institute proceedings to determine
whether the proposed rule change
should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
The Commission notes that the
NASD’s proposal would not require
firms to quantify in the fairness opinion
the amount of compensation received
that is contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction or to be
received as a result of any material
relationship between the member firm
and any party to the transaction. The
Commission requests comment
regarding whether the disclosures that
would be required by proposed Rule
2290(a)(1), (2), and (3) should be
quantified. Further, we request
comment as to whether it would be
more informative to investors for firms
to specifically state that a conflict may
exist and describe the impact of such
conflict rather than to merely state that
compensation is contingent.
The Commission further notes that
the proposed disclosure of material
relationships does not extend to
relationships with affiliates of the
member firm. The Commission requests
comment regarding whether the
proposed disclosure obligation should
cover material relationships between the
parties to the transaction and affiliates
of the member firm providing the
fairness opinion.
In addition, the Commission requests
comment as to whether member firms
should be required to describe what
type of verification they undertook with
respect to information that was supplied
by the company requesting the opinion
that formed a substantial basis for the
opinion. Further, the Commission
requests comment on whether members
should be required to obtain
independent verification of such
information.
We also note that the proposed rule
does not require disclosure of the
procedures utilized by the member firm.
We request comment as to whether
member firms should disclose these
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procedures in the fairness opinion or
elsewhere.
Interested persons are invited to
submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing,
including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act.
Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
• Use the Commission’s Internet
comment form (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml); or
• Send an e-mail to rulecomments@sec.gov. Please include File
Number SR–NASD–2005–080 on the
subject line.
Paper Comments
• Send paper comments in triplicate
to Nancy M. Morris, Secretary,
Securities and Exchange Commission,
100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549–1090.
All submissions should refer to File
Number SR–NASD–2005–080. This file
number should be included on the
subject line if e-mail is used. To help the
Commission process and review your
comments more efficiently, please use
only one method. The Commission will
post all comments on the Commission’s
Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml).
Copies of the submission, all
subsequent amendments, all written
statements with respect to the proposed
rule change that are filed with the
Commission, and all written
communications relating to the
proposed rule change between the
Commission and any person, other than
those that may be withheld from the
public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
available for inspection and copying in
the Commission’s Public Reference
Room, 100 F Street, NE., Washington,
DC 20549. Copies of such filing also will
be available for inspection and copying
at the principal office of NASD.
All comments received will be posted
without change; the Commission does
not edit personal identifying
information from submissions. You
should submit only information that
you wish to make available publicly. All
submissions should refer to the File
Number SR–NASD–2005–080 and
should be submitted on or before May
2, 2006.
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Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 11, 2006 / Notices
For the Commission, by the Division of
Market Regulation, pursuant to delegated
authority.16
Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6–5237 Filed 4–10–06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
[Release No. 34–53599; File No. SR–NYSE–
2005–18]
Self-Regulatory Organizations; New
York Stock Exchange, Inc.; Notice of
Filing of Proposed Rule Change and
Amendments Nos. 1 and 2 Thereto To
Amend NYSE Rule 619 To Clarify That
Failure To Appear or Produce
Documents in Arbitration May Be
Deemed Conduct Inconsistent With
Just and Equitable Principles of Trade
April 4, 2006.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
notice is hereby given that on February
17, 2005, the New York Stock Exchange,
Inc. (‘‘NYSE’’ or the ‘‘Exchange’’) filed
with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’)
the proposed rule change as described
in Items I, II, and III below, which Items
have been prepared by the Exchange.
On July 27, 2005, the Exchange filed
Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule
change.3 On February 15, 2006, the
Exchange filed Amendment No. 2 to the
proposed rule change.4 The Commission
is publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change
from interested persons.
I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Terms of Substance of
the Proposed Rule Change
The proposed rule change would add
a new paragraph (h) to NYSE Rule 619
to clarify that the failure of a member,
member organization, allied member,
approved person, registered or nonregistered employee of a member or
member organization or person
otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of
the Exchange (each, a ‘‘responsible
party’’) to appear or to produce any
16 17
CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
3 In Amendment No. 1, which replaced the
original filing, the Exchange clarified that Rule 619
also applies to a ‘‘person otherwise subject to the
jurisdiction of the Exchange.’’
4 Amendment No. 2, which replaced the first
amended rule filing, conformed the proposed rule
to reflect the list of persons subject to disciplinary
action under NYSE Rule 476.
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document in their possession or control,
as directed pursuant to provisions of the
NYSE Arbitration Rules, may be deemed
conduct or proceeding inconsistent with
just and equitable principles of trade for
purposes of NYSE Rule 476(a)(6).
Below is the text of the proposed rule
change. Proposed new language is in
italics.
*
*
*
*
*
General Provision Governing
Subpoenas, Production of Documents,
etc.
Rule 619. (a) through (g) No Change.
(h) It may be deemed conduct or
proceeding inconsistent with just and
equitable principles of trade for
purposes of Rule 476(a)(6) for a
member, member organization, allied
member, approved person, registered or
non-registered employee of a member or
member organization or person
otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of
the Exchange to fail to appear or to
produce any document in their
possession or control as directed
pursuant to provisions of the NYSE
Arbitration Rules.
*
*
*
*
*
II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
In its filing with the Commission, the
Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for
the proposed rule change. The text of
these statements may be examined at
the places specified in Item IV below.
The Exchange has prepared summaries,
set forth in Sections A, B, and C below,
of the most significant aspects of such
statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
Change
1. Purpose
The proposed rule change would add
a new paragraph (h) to NYSE Rule 619
(‘‘General Provision Governing
Subpoenas, Production of Documents,
etc.’’) to clarify that the failure of a
responsible party to appear or to
produce any document in its possession
or control, as directed pursuant to
provisions of the NYSE Arbitration
Rules, may be deemed conduct or
proceeding inconsistent with just and
equitable principles of trade for
purposes of NYSE Rule 476(a)(6).
Background
NYSE Rule 619 provides that the
parties to an arbitration proceeding shall
cooperate to the fullest extent
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18401
practicable in the voluntary exchange of
documents and information in order to
expedite the arbitration process. Rule
619 also sets forth specific procedures
and timetables with respect to the
exchange of documents and
information.5
Arbitrators may, in the decision
rendered by the panel, refer to the NYSE
Enforcement Division a failure to
cooperate in the voluntary exchange of
documents and information by a
responsible party.
Proposal
The Exchange is aware of allegations
that member organizations have not
fulfilled their discovery obligations as
prescribed by NYSE Arbitration Rules.
In order to address such situations more
effectively, and to reinforce adequately
the quasi-judicial functions of the
arbitration process, the NYSE is
proposing to amend Rule 619 to make
clear that it may be deemed conduct or
proceeding inconsistent with just and
equitable principles of trade for
purposes of NYSE Rule 476(a)(6) for a
responsible party to fail to appear or fail
to produce any document in their
possession or control as directed
pursuant to provisions of the NYSE
Arbitration Rules.
NYSE Rule 476 allows disciplinary
sanctions to be imposed upon a
responsible party who is adjudged
guilty of certain enumerated offenses,
including ‘‘conduct or proceeding
inconsistent with just and equitable
principles of trade.’’ By explicitly
providing that the failure to appear or to
produce documents in one’s possession
or control may be deemed conduct or
proceeding inconsistent with just and
equitable principles of trade, the
proposed amendment would provide
the Exchange with a clear mechanism to
pursue disciplinary action pursuant to
NYSE Rule 476 in response to such
conduct.
5 For
example, Rule 619(b) requires, in part, that:
‘‘(1) Any party may serve a written request for
information or documents (‘‘information request’’)
upon another party twenty (20) business days or
more after service of the Statement of Claim by the
Director of Arbitration or upon filing of the Answer,
whichever is earlier. The requesting party shall
serve the information request on all parties. The
parties shall endeavor to resolve disputes regarding
an information request prior to serving any
objection to the request. Such efforts shall be set
forth in the objection.
(2) Unless a greater time is allowed by the
requesting party, information requests shall be
satisfied or objected to within thirty (30) calendar
days from the date of service. Any objection to an
information request shall be served by the objecting
party on all parties.
(3) Any reponse to objections to an information
request shall be served on all parties within ten (10)
calendar days of receipt to the objection.’’
E:\FR\FM\11APN1.SGM
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Agencies
[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 69 (Tuesday, April 11, 2006)]
[Notices]
[Pages 18395-18401]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E6-5237]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
[Release No. 34-53598; File No. SR-NASD-2005-080]
Self-Regulatory Organizations: National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change and Amendment
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 thereto to Establish New NASD Rule 2290 Regarding
Fairness Opinions
April 4, 2006.
Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that
on June 24, 2005, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
(``NASD'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC''
or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I,
II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by NASD. On November
30, 2005, NASD filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change.\3\ On
January 25, 2006, NASD filed Amendment No. 2 to the proposed rule
change.\4\ On March 1, 2006, NASD filed Amendment No. 3 to the proposed
rule change.\5\ The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit
comments on the proposed rule change, as amended, from interested
persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
\2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
\3\ In Amendment No. 1, which supplemented the original filing,
NASD modified the scope of the proposed rule change and made certain
clarifications to the rule text following discussions with
Commission staff.
\4\ In Amendment No. 2, NASD added clarifying language to the
rule text following discussions with Commission staff.
\5\ Amendment No. 3 was a technical amendment and replaced and
superseded the original filing, as amended, in its entirety.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change
NASD is proposing to establish new NASD Rule 2290 to address
disclosures and procedures concerning the issuance of fairness
opinions. Below is the text of the proposed rule change. Proposed new
language is in italics; proposed deletions are in brackets.
* * * * *
2200. COMMUNICATIONS WITH CUSTOMERS AND THE PUBLIC
* * * * *
2290. Fairness Opinions
(a) Disclosures
Any member issuing a fairness opinion that may be provided, or
described, or otherwise referenced to public shareholders must
disclose, to the extent not otherwise required, in such fairness
opinion:
(1) whether such member has acted as a financial advisor to any
transaction that is the subject of the fairness opinion, and, if
applicable, that it will receive compensation for:
(A) rendering the fairness opinion that is contingent upon the
successful completion of the transaction;
(B) serving as an advisor that is contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction;
(2) whether such member will receive any other payment or
compensation contingent upon the successful completion of the
transaction;
(3) whether there is any material relationship that existed during
the past two years or is mutually understood to be contemplated in
which any compensation was received or is intended to be received as a
result of the relationship between the member and the companies that
are involved in the transaction that is the subject of the fairness
opinion;
(4) the categories of information that formed a substantial basis
for the fairness opinion that was supplied to the member by the company
requesting the opinion concerning the companies involved in the
transaction and whether any such information in each such category has
been independently verified by the member; and
(5) whether the fairness opinion was approved or issued by a
fairness committee.
(b) Procedures
Any member issuing a fairness opinion must have procedures that
address the process by which a fairness opinion is approved by a firm,
including:
(1) the types of transactions and the circumstances in which the
member will use a fairness committee to approve or issue a fairness
opinion, and in such transactions where it uses a fairness committee:
(A) the process for selecting personnel to be on the fairness
committee;
(B) the necessary qualifications of persons serving on the fairness
committee; and
(C) the process to promote a balanced review by the fairness
committee, including review and approval by persons who do not serve on
or advise the ``deal team'' to the transaction;
(2) the process to determine whether the valuation analyses used in
the fairness opinion are appropriate, and the procedures should state
the extent to which the appropriateness of the use of such valuation
analyses is determined by the type of company or transaction that is
the subject of the fairness opinion; and
(3) the process to evaluate whether the amount and nature of the
compensation from the transaction underlying the fairness opinion
benefiting any individual officers, directors or employees, or class of
such persons, relative to the benefits to shareholders of the company,
is a factor in reaching a fairness determination.
* * * * *
II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
In its filing with the Commission, NASD included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. NASD has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A, B,
and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.
A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change
1. Purpose
NASD notes that a fairness opinion addresses, from a financial
point of view, the fairness of the consideration in a transaction.
Fairness opinions are routinely used by directors of a company in
corporate control transactions to satisfy their fiduciary duties to act
with due care and in an
[[Page 18396]]
informed manner. Although not required by statute or regulation,
fairness opinions have become commonplace in corporate control
transactions following the 1985 Delaware Supreme Court case of Smith v.
Van Gorkom,\6\ in which a corporate board was held to have breached its
fiduciary duty of care by approving a merger without adequate
information on the transaction, including information on the value of
the company and the fairness of the offering price.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ Smith v. Van Gorkom, 488 A.2d 858 (Del. 1985).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NASD notes that, while a fairness opinion addresses the fairness,
from a financial point of view, of the consideration involved in a
transaction, it does not indicate whether the price of a particular
transaction is the best price that could be attained. Rather, it opines
on whether the price is ``fair'' or within an acceptable range of
values. A fairness opinion is prepared for a company's board of
directors; however, it is often provided to shareholders as part of
proxy materials. Inasmuch as a fairness opinion is not required by
regulation or statute, the board of directors determines whether to
obtain a fairness opinion, the scope of such opinion, and the party
preparing such opinion.
NASD has been concerned that the disclosures provided in fairness
opinions may not sufficiently inform public shareholders about the
potential conflicts of interest that exist between the firm rendering
the fairness opinion and the issuer. Among these conflicts are fees
that the firm rendering the fairness opinion will receive upon the
successful completion of the transaction (either from advisory fees or
fees for the fairness opinion itself), as well as other material
relationships between the firm and the issuer (including, but not
limited to, serving as an underwriter, lender, market maker, asset
manager, or providing research coverage).
NASD notes that, under the SEC's proxy rules, which apply to
issuers, certain disclosures about potential conflicts of interest are
provided to public shareholders. NASD believes that complementary rules
for disclosure aimed at broker-dealers rendering fairness opinions
would be beneficial. In addition, NASD believes that broker-dealers
should develop greater specificity in their written supervisory
procedures to guard against conflicts of interest in rendering fairness
opinions. To that end, NASD is proposing to identify specific
procedures that must be addressed by each firm that renders a fairness
opinion.
Paragraph (a)(1) of the proposed rule change sets forth the
requirement for a member to disclose in any fairness opinion that may
be provided, or described, or otherwise referenced to public
shareholders, whether it has acted as a financial advisor to any
transaction that is the subject of the fairness opinion, and, if
applicable, that it will receive compensation for: (A) Rendering the
fairness opinion that is contingent upon the successful completion of
the transaction, or (B) serving as an advisor that is contingent upon
the successful completion of the transaction. Paragraph (a)(2) would
require disclosure of whether such member will receive any other
payment or compensation contingent upon the successful completion of
the transaction. Paragraph (a)(3) would require disclosure of whether
there is any material relationship that existed during the past two
years or is mutually understood to be contemplated, in which any
compensation was received or is intended to be received as a result of
the relationship between the member and the companies that are involved
in the transaction that is the subject of the fairness opinion.
NASD intends that the disclosures contemplated by paragraphs
(a)(1)-(3) of the proposal be descriptive rather than quantitative. In
particular, paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) do not require firms to specify
the amount of compensation for rendering the fairness opinion, serving
as an advisor or otherwise, that is contingent upon the successful
completion of the transaction. For purposes of the proposed rule
change, NASD believes that it would be sufficient for investors to be
informed that such contingent compensation relationships exist.
Similarly, NASD intends that the disclosures in paragraph (a)(3)
pertaining to ``material relationships'' also be descriptive rather
than quantitative.
Paragraph (a)(4) would require disclosure of the categories of
information that formed a substantial basis for the fairness opinion
that was supplied to the member by the company requesting the opinion
concerning the companies involved in the transaction and whether any
such information has been independently verified by the member.
According to NASD, such disclosure must inform investors about the
categories of information (such as projected earnings and revenues,
expected cost-savings and synergies, industry trends and growth rate)
that formed a substantial basis for the fairness opinion, and with
respect to each category, whether the member has independently verified
the information supplied by the company.
Finally, paragraph (a)(5) would require disclosure of whether the
fairness opinion was approved or issued by a fairness committee and
informs investors of whether the fairness opinion was the product of a
fairness committee.
Paragraph (b)(1) of the proposed rule change contains the
procedures members must follow in issuing a fairness opinion, including
the types of transactions and the circumstances in which the member
will use a fairness committee to approve or issue a fairness opinion,
and, in such transactions where it uses a fairness committee: (A) The
process for selecting personnel to be on the fairness committee; (B)
the necessary qualifications of persons serving on the fairness
committee; and (C) the process to promote a balanced review by the
fairness committee, including review and approval by persons who do not
serve on or advise the ``deal team'' to the transaction.
The procedures in paragraph (b)(2) would require members to have a
process to determine whether the valuation analyses used in the
fairness opinion are appropriate. In addition, the member's procedures
should state the extent to which the appropriateness of the use of such
valuation analyses is determined by the type of company or transaction
that is the subject of the fairness opinion. Finally, paragraph (b)(3)
would require members to have a process to evaluate whether the amount
and nature of the compensation from the transaction underlying the
fairness opinion benefits any individual officers, directors or
employees, or class of such persons, relative to the benefits to
shareholders of the company, is a factor in reaching a fairness
determination.
NASD intends to announce the effective date of the proposed rule
change in a Notice to Members to be published no later than 60 days
following Commission approval. The effective date will be 30 days
following publication of the Notice to Members announcing Commission
approval.
2. Statutory Basis
NASD believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with the
provisions of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act, which requires, among other
things, that NASD rules must be designed to prevent fraudulent and
manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable
principles of trade, and, in general, to protect investors and the
public interest. NASD believes that investors and the public interest
will benefit from additional disclosure of potential conflicts of
interest in connection with fairness opinions rendered by broker-
[[Page 18397]]
dealers. NASD also believes that members should develop and adhere to
more detailed procedures to mitigate potential conflicts in rendering
fairness opinions.
B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition
NASD does not believe that the proposed rule change will result in
any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act, as amended.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others
The proposed rule change was published for comment in NASD Notice
to Members 04-83 (November 2004). Twenty comment letters were received
in response to the Notice.\7\ Of the twenty comment letters received,
twelve were in favor of the proposed rule change, seven were opposed,
and one expressed no opinion.
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\7\ Letter from Lerner College of Business and Economics,
University of Delaware dated Nov. 24, 2004; Letter from Ohio Public
Employees Retirement System dated Nov. 30, 2004; Letter from Ohio
Retirement Systems dated Dec. 9, 2004; Letter from Charles M. Elson,
Arthur H. Rosenbloom, and Drew G.L. Chapman dated Dec. 21, 2004;
Letter from The Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators
dated Jan. 6, 2005; Letter from American Federation of Labor and
Congress of Industrial Organizations (``AFL-CIO'') dated Jan. 10,
2005; Letter from Kane & Company, Inc. (``Kane'') dated Jan. 10,
2005; Letter from Standard & Poor's Corporate Value Consulting
(``S&P'') dated Jan. 10, 2005; Letter from Council of Institutional
Investors dated Jan. 12, 2005; Letter from The Committee on
Securities Regulation of the Business Law Section of the New York
State Bar Association dated Jan. 26, 2005; Letter from Cravath,
Swaine & Moore LLP dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from HFBE Capital,
L.P. dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from Signal Hill Capital Group LLC
dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from Sutter Securities Incorporated
dated Jan. 31, 2005; Letter from California Public Employees'
Retirement System (``CalPERS'') dated Feb. 1, 2005; Letter from
Davis Polk & Wardwell (``David Polk'') dated Feb. 1, 2005; Letter
from Dewey Ballantine LLP dated Feb. 1, 2005; Letter from Houlihan
Lokey Howard & Zukin (``Houlihan Lokey'') dated Feb. 1, 2005; Letter
from Securities Industry Association dated Feb. 1, 2005; and Letter
from The Special Committee on Mergers, Acquisitions and Corporate
Control Contests of the Association of the Bar of the City of New
York dated Feb. 1, 2005.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Notice to Members 04-83, NASD solicited comment on whether to
propose a new rule that would require disclosures and procedures in
connection with conflicts of interest when members provide fairness
opinions in corporate control transactions. Although Notice to Members
04-83 did not contain specific rule text, it proposed the following:
1. Any fairness opinion rendered by a member and contained in a
proxy statement shall describe a clear and complete description of the
material conflicts of interests in issuing the opinion, including the
nature of any contingent compensation that the member would receive
upon successful completion of the transaction.
2. The member would be required to disclose in the fairness opinion
the extent upon which it either relied on the information supplied by
the company or independently verified such information.
3. The member would need to maintain written policies and
procedures that, with respect to the issuance of fairness opinions,
address:
the approval process by the member; if the member uses a
fairness committee, then the level of experience for committee members,
how balanced approval is undertaken and whether steps have been taken
to require review by persons whose compensation is not directly related
to the transaction;
the manner by which it will be determined that the
appropriate valuation process will be used in light of the nature of
the transaction and the types of companies that are involved; and
whether, in a particular transaction, the relative
compensation to company insiders versus shareholders is a factor in
reaching a fairness determination.
One of the central elements of Notice to Members 04-83 was that any
fairness opinion rendered by a member and contained in a proxy
statement describe a clear and complete description of the significant
potential conflicts of interests in issuing the opinion, including the
nature of any contingent compensation that the member would receive
upon successful completion of the transaction.
A. What Constitutes a Conflict of Interest?
Many commenters recognized the need for disclosure of potential
conflicts of interest, although several commenters took issue with the
term ``conflict of interest'' and instead preferred the term ``material
relationships'' as used in SEC's Regulation M-A. Notice to Members 04-
83 focused on potential conflicts arising from serving as advisor to
the transaction, such as receiving a contingency fee for a completed
transaction. Many commenters believed that a success fee, either for
the fairness opinion or the transaction in question, should be
disclosed. One commenter noted that potential conflicts of interest may
arise under many other circumstances, including serving as an
underwriter, lender, market maker, asset manager, or providing research
coverage.
Several commenters noted that existing rules of the SEC and common
law currently require extensive disclosure in connection with fairness
opinions and urged NASD to make sure its rules were consistent with
these existing requirements. There was some support for a rule that
``complements'' existing disclosure requirements. NASD believes that
the proposed rule change is consistent with existing SEC requirements.
In the proposed rule change, NASD would require disclosure of ``whether
there is any material relationship that existed during the past two
years or is mutually understood to be contemplated in which any
compensation was received or is intended to be received as a result of
the relationship between the member and the companies that are involved
in the transaction that is the subject of the fairness opinion.'' This
disclosure is based on the requirements in Item 1015(b)(4) of SEC's
Regulation M-A.\8\ NASD has not sought to require firms to identify
``any significant conflicts of interest'' as originally proposed in
Notice to Members 04-83.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ 17 CFR 229.1015(b)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the rule text of paragraph (a)(3) of the proposed rule change
was modeled after Item 1015(b)(4), NASD does not intend to construe
this section to require quantitative disclosures of the compensation
from each material relationship. For purposes of the proposed rule
change, NASD believes it will be sufficient for investors to be
informed about the material relationships that exist.
NASD also notes that the proposed rule change differs slightly from
Item 1015(b)(4) in that the proposed rule change applies to a material
relationship between ``the member and the companies'' involved in the
transaction, whereas Item 1015(b)(4) applies only to the member (and
its affiliates) and the company (and its affiliates) for which the
member is rendering the fairness opinion. NASD believes that investors
should be informed of material relationships between the firm authoring
the fairness opinion and the companies involved on both sides of the
transaction. Moreover, given the narrative (i.e., non-quantitative)
focus of this paragraph, NASD believes the additional disclosures are
not likely to be burdensome on firms or confusing to investors. NASD
notes, however, that unlike Item 1015, Rule 2290 does not reach to
affiliates of such companies. NASD intends to review the comment
letters received by the SEC before determining whether to amend
paragraph (a)(3) to include affiliates.
[[Page 18398]]
Several commenters asked NASD to ``take stronger measures'' to
address conflicts in connection with fairness opinions, including
requiring ``independent'' fairness opinions rendered by outside experts
that are not connected to the transaction. One commenter recommended
prohibiting investment banks from receiving success fees for
transactions in which they issue fairness opinions. And another
commenter urged an outright ban on arrangements in which part of an
investment bank's fee for rendering a fairness opinion is contingent on
the transaction closing.
NASD has considered carefully those comments urging stronger
measures such as an independent fairness opinion or a prohibition on
success fees. As a starting point to its analysis, NASD notes that
fairness opinions are not required by regulation or statute; a board of
directors determines whether to obtain a fairness opinion, and if so,
what the scope of a fairness opinion shall be and who shall prepare
such opinion. In addition, NASD believes that, to the extent that a
board of directors wants a fairness opinion from a firm not serving as
an advisor to the transaction, or to structure payments without a
contingency fee, it can do so.
NASD notes that arguments that independent fairness opinions or
those without a success fee component offer advantages may be well-
founded. However, it is NASD's view that such matters are more
appropriately situated within the purview of the board of directors and
state corporation law. NASD believes that disclosure and procedures
constitute the appropriate course in mitigating potential conflicts of
interest in the rendering of fairness opinions, not otherwise limited
under applicable law, by NASD members.
Moreover, NASD believes that the lack of consensus among those
commenters urging NASD to take stronger measures supports the more
uniform course of disclosure and procedures. Whereas CalPERS asked NASD
to prohibit ``investment banks from receiving `success' fees for
transactions in which they issue fairness opinions,'' \9\ the AFL-CIO
sought only to prohibit ``arrangements in which part of an investment
bank's fee for rendering its opinion is contingent on the transaction
closing.'' \10\ Some commenters, such as Kane, want to forbid firms
with a certain threshold amount of securities business with a company
from rendering a fairness opinion, whereas AFL-CIO ``do[es] not believe
the mere existence of a business relationship with a company should
disqualify an investment bank from providing a fairness opinion.'' \11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ CalPERS, at 2.
\10\ AFL-CIO, at 3.
\11\ Id., at 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
As NASD noted above, fairness opinions are obtained by boards of
directors to satisfy their fiduciary duties to act with due care and in
an informed manner. NASD further notes that a fairness opinion is not
an automatic defense to a claim that a board breached its fiduciary
duties. Courts regularly examine the circumstances surrounding a
fairness opinion to determine whether it can be relied upon by the
board in satisfaction of its fiduciary duties. Thus, NASD notes that
boards of directors must today take into account whether an issuer's
relationship with an investment bank compromises the purposes for which
the fairness opinion is sought. NASD believes that the disclosure
standards in these proposed rules would be an important aid to an
issuer's board in making that determination.
B. To Whom Should Disclosure be Made?
Some commenters believe that the proposed rule change should only
require disclosure of potential conflicts by the member to the board of
directors, citing concerns about breach of confidentiality if
relationships between the member firm authoring the fairness opinion
and its issuer client were publicly disclosed. Others believe that
disclosure should be made more broadly, including in the fairness
opinion itself, so that any reader of the fairness opinion can assess
the conflicts associated with such opinion. NASD believes that, in
general, a board of directors already is in a position to become
informed about the potential conflicts with an investment bank that it
chooses to render a fairness opinion. NASD notes, however, that
investor-shareholders typically do not occupy the same such position.
As stated in Notice to Members 04-83, NASD's concern is that investors
may not be sufficiently informed ``about the subjective nature of some
opinions and their potential biases.'' Accordingly, the proposed rule
change requires disclosures by any member issuing a fairness opinion
that may be provided, or described, or otherwise referenced to public
shareholders. The requirements attach to any such fairness opinion
issued by a member, regardless of whether it is included in proxy
materials.
C. Verification
As NASD noted above, the proposal in Notice to Members 04-83 would
require a firm to disclose in a fairness opinion the extent upon which
it either relied on the information supplied by the company or
independently verified such information. Nearly every party commenting
on this provision stated that firms as a matter of course already
disclose in the fairness opinion that they do not independently verify
information provided by the issuer. While most commenters did not
believe that there was any need for an NASD rule given current
practices, the commenters did not oppose NASD rulemaking so long as it
did not create a requirement for firms to verify information before
rendering a fairness opinion. Many commenters stated that the terms of
engagement for rendering a fairness opinion do not call for independent
verification of information provided by management, and that other
entities, such as forensic accountants, would be better skilled to
verify data. S&P suggested that fairness opinions include disclosure of
the information provided by management upon which the opinion is based,
and could take the form of a ``List of Documents Relied Upon,'' similar
to that which accompanies an expert's report in commercial
litigation.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ S&P, at 2-3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The proposed rule change would not require a member to
independently verify data provided by the issuer. NASD agrees with
commenters that the scope of a firm's obligations in rendering a
fairness opinion is set forth in the terms of engagement with the
client, and it is not required that such terms call for independent
verification. NASD believes, however, that, to the extent categories of
information (such as projected earnings and revenues, expected cost-
savings and synergies, industry trends and growth rate) that were
supplied by the company requesting the opinion formed a substantial
basis for the fairness opinion, and information in each such category
was not independently verified, readers of the fairness opinion should
be apprised of this fact. Accordingly, the proposed rule change
requires members to identify categories of information that formed a
substantial basis for the fairness opinion and with respect to such
information, whether any such information in each such category has
been independently verified by the member. NASD notes that the proposed
rule change goes beyond current practices in which firms
[[Page 18399]]
state, for example, ``[w]e have not independently verified the accuracy
and completeness of the information supplied to us with respect to the
[client] and do not assume any responsibility with respect to it.''
\13\ According to NASD, blanket statements that members have not
verified information will not by themselves comply with the proposed
rule change; members must identify information that formed a
substantial basis for the fairness opinions and disclose whether such
information was independently verified.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Houlihan Lokey, at 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Written Policies and Procedures
1. Fairness Opinion Committee
NASD solicited comment on whether to require written procedures
governing the approval process by the member, including whether it uses
a fairness committee, the level of experience for fairness committee
members, how balanced approval is undertaken and whether steps have
been taken to require review by persons whose compensation is not
directly related to the transaction. Most commenters believed that
firms already had procedures in place governing fairness opinions.
Notwithstanding this fact, several commenters supported a well-tailored
rule in this area. Commenters believed that NASD rulemaking should,
however, provide the flexibility to allow each firm to determine the
best manner of implementing effective and efficient procedures for
reviewing and approving fairness opinions. Several commenters opposed
any rule in which NASD would mandate specific procedures that must be
followed. These commenters believed that the firms themselves--and not
NASD--should determine what policies and procedures should be followed
in rendering a fairness opinion.
NASD believes that the proposed rule change is both well-tailored
and flexible enough to allow firms to determine how to best implement
effective and efficient procedures for reviewing and approving fairness
opinions. The specific requirements were discussed in Item II.A.1
above.
2. Valuation
NASD also solicited comment on whether to require written policies
and procedures on the manner by which it will be determined that the
appropriate valuation process will be used in light of the nature of
the transaction and the types of companies that are involved. The
commenters generally were concerned about any NASD rule that would
interfere with the selection of the best methodology for a transaction.
NASD does not believe the requirement in the proposed rule change
to have written polices and procedures concerning the process to
determine whether the valuation analyses used in the fairness opinion
are appropriate, nor the requirement that procedures should state the
extent to which the appropriateness of the use of such valuation
analyses is determined by the type of company or transaction that is
the subject of the fairness opinion, will interfere with a firm's
ability to select the most appropriate methodology for a transaction.
NASD believes that the procedures developed by the firm should be
designed to allow the firm to identify and use the correct valuation
methodology. In addition, NASD believes that the procedures should
prevent the use of a particular valuation methodology at the behest of
an interested party when such methodology is inappropriate.
3. Relative Compensation
Finally, NASD solicited comment on a requirement for broker-dealers
to have a process to evaluate whether the relative compensation to
corporate insiders versus other shareholders in a contemplated
transaction is a factor in reaching a fairness opinion.
On the one hand, certain commenters felt the proposal did not go
far enough. There was a view that change of control provisions that are
a part of any transaction should be disclosed to shareholders as a
material factor to be considered as part of the proxy process because
often times such payments may be ambiguous or may not be expressly set
out in the deal terms of a transaction.
With respect to these commenters, NASD believes the purpose of the
proposed requirement in this area is misunderstood. According to NASD,
the proposed rulemaking, as it pertains to dealing with the factor of
relative compensation in the fairness opinion process, is driven by the
regulatory goal of ameliorating this potential conflict through
procedures reasonably designed to consider whether in fact such
conflict exists and to what extent it may bear on the determination
that a transaction is fair. NASD states that it is not intended to
fashion additional substantive legal requirements more appropriately
addressed, in NASD's view, by state corporation law and the federal law
and rules concerning proxies. It is NASD's view that subjecting this
potential conflict to the rigor of appropriately and reasonably
designed procedures is an appropriate prophylactic with respect to a
factor that may or may not weigh on the determination that a
transaction is fair.
On the other hand, other commenters felt that management's
interests in change of control transactions were not an applicable part
of the fairness opinion process because the appropriateness of
management compensation was beyond the scope of the fairness opinions,
was difficult or impossible to quantify, in many cases rested upon
arrangements that preceded the transaction, and required an expertise
in executive compensation that is beyond the competency of those
issuing fairness opinions.
Again, NASD believes that these comments evidence a
misunderstanding of the proposed requirement. NASD does not believe
that broker-dealers issuing fairness opinions should review the
propriety of preexisting compensation arrangements as such matters
would be like any other preexisting fixed or contingent liability of
the corporation that cannot be altered by the terms of any change of
control transaction. According to the NASD, the intent of the proposed
requirement is that firms consider the extent to which the differential
in remuneration between management and other shareholders accruing from
the deal proceeds, for which there was no prior contractual commitment,
is a factor in determining the fairness of the transaction to
shareholders. NASD notes that the proposed requirement does not reach
the implicit conclusion that such differential payments are a factor as
to whether a transaction is fair but, in NASD's view, it would be
equally wrong to conclude that such differential payments are
inappropriately placed among the factors and indicia that one should
consider in rendering a fairness opinion. NASD believes it is true that
a fairness opinion merely states that the transaction is fair and does
not necessarily represent the best price. However, NASD also believes
it is true that the considerations surrounding the issuance of a
fairness opinion are artificially truncated when the total amount that
a buyer is willing to pay and how such payment is allocated is never an
appropriate factor in a change of control transaction.
E. Other
S&P suggested greater transparency in fairness opinion pricing.
Insofar as the price of many fairness opinions is bundled with other
advisory services, S&P believed that corporate boards of directors are
often less willing to procure an independent fairness opinion. S&P
believed that full
[[Page 18400]]
disclosure of the fairness opinion fee, and in some instances, an
actual indication of the financial advisor's effort, could be
meaningful disclosure.\14\ NASD does not believe it should mandate
disclosure of the price or effort expended in preparing the fairness
opinion. With respect to price, it is NASD's view that if a board of
directors believes it would benefit from more detailed information
about prices, it is in a position to obtain that information from the
firm as a condition of engaging the firm to perform advisory and
fairness opinion services. With respect to effort, this seems to NASD a
potentially misleading metric upon which any reliance would be placed.
NASD believes that efforts, great or small, expended upon poorly
conceived procedures are of dubious value. Consequently, NASD believes
that the appropriate regulatory response is to require members to
employ processes framed by appropriately and reasonably designed
procedures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ S&P, at 2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis Polk was concerned that NASD rules concerning fairness
opinions would discriminate against member firms, since fairness
opinions can be provided by non-broker-dealers.\15\ NASD recognizes
that firms not subject to NASD's jurisdiction are able to render
fairness opinions; however, NASD believes that this is not a
justification for failing to address actual or perceived conflicts of
interest in the brokerage industry or inadequacies in disclosure by
such firms.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ Davis Polk, at 3-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally, several commenters suggested that existing judicial
precedent and oversight are more effective controls over the fairness
opinion process than would be a new NASD rule, and one commenter
suggested that NASD rulemaking may interfere with standards for
fairness opinions under corporate law. NASD recognizes and appreciates
the role of corporate law on the fairness opinion process. As NASD has
noted above, a fairness opinion must comply with corporate law to serve
its intended purpose--to satisfy their fiduciary duties to act with due
care and in an informed manner. While NASD understands its rules
operate in conjunction with judicial precedent, it does not believe
that judicial review should exclude NASD rulemaking. NASD notes that
many aspects of the securities laws are subject to extensive judicial
review, but that would be an illogical and novel barrier to SEC and SRO
rulemaking.
III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action
Within 35 days of the date of publication of this notice in the
Federal Register or within such longer period (i) as the Commission may
designate up to 90 days of such date if it finds such longer period to
be appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
A. by order approve such proposed rule change, or
B. institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule
change should be disapproved.
IV. Solicitation of Comments
The Commission notes that the NASD's proposal would not require
firms to quantify in the fairness opinion the amount of compensation
received that is contingent upon the successful completion of the
transaction or to be received as a result of any material relationship
between the member firm and any party to the transaction. The
Commission requests comment regarding whether the disclosures that
would be required by proposed Rule 2290(a)(1), (2), and (3) should be
quantified. Further, we request comment as to whether it would be more
informative to investors for firms to specifically state that a
conflict may exist and describe the impact of such conflict rather than
to merely state that compensation is contingent.
The Commission further notes that the proposed disclosure of
material relationships does not extend to relationships with affiliates
of the member firm. The Commission requests comment regarding whether
the proposed disclosure obligation should cover material relationships
between the parties to the transaction and affiliates of the member
firm providing the fairness opinion.
In addition, the Commission requests comment as to whether member
firms should be required to describe what type of verification they
undertook with respect to information that was supplied by the company
requesting the opinion that formed a substantial basis for the opinion.
Further, the Commission requests comment on whether members should be
required to obtain independent verification of such information.
We also note that the proposed rule does not require disclosure of
the procedures utilized by the member firm. We request comment as to
whether member firms should disclose these procedures in the fairness
opinion or elsewhere.
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:
Electronic Comments
Use the Commission's Internet comment form (https://
www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
Send an e-mail to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include
File Number SR-NASD-2005-080 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
Send paper comments in triplicate to Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASD-2005-080. This
file number should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used.
To help the Commission process and review your comments more
efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all
comments on the Commission's Internet Web site (https://www.sec.gov/
rules/sro.shtml).
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for inspection and copying in the
Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC
20549. Copies of such filing also will be available for inspection and
copying at the principal office of NASD.
All comments received will be posted without change; the Commission
does not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You
should submit only information that you wish to make available
publicly. All submissions should refer to the File Number SR-NASD-2005-
080 and should be submitted on or before May 2, 2006.
[[Page 18401]]
For the Commission, by the Division of Market Regulation,
pursuant to delegated authority.\16\
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\16\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6-5237 Filed 4-10-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8010-01-P