(a) The owner or
operator of a Class VI well shall prepare, maintain, and comply with a testing
and monitoring plan to verify that the geologic sequestration project is
operating as permitted and is not endangering USDWs. The testing and monitoring
plan shall be submitted with the permit application, shall be subject to
Administrator approval, and shall include a description of how the owner or
operator will meet the requirements of this Section, including accessing sites
for all necessary monitoring and testing during the life of the
project.
(b) In addition to the
requirements of W.S. §
35-11-313, testing and monitoring associated
with geologic sequestration projects shall include:
(i) Analysis of the carbon dioxide stream
with sufficient frequency to yield data representative of its chemical and
physical characteristics;
(ii)
Installation and use, except during well workovers, of continuous recording
devices to monitor:
(A) Injection
pressure;
(B) Injection rate and
volume;
(C) Pressure on the annulus
between the tubing and the long string casing;
(D) The annulus fluid volume added;
and
(E) The pressure on the annulus
between the tubing and the long string casing;
(iii) Corrosion monitoring of the well
materials for loss of mass, loss of thickness, cracking, pitting, and other
signs of corrosion, which shall be performed and recorded at least quarterly to
ensure that the well components meet the minimum standards for material
strength and performance set forth in Section
14(b) of this Chapter by:
(A) Analyzing coupons of the well
construction materials placed in contact with the carbon dioxide
stream;
(B) Routing the carbon
dioxide stream through a loop constructed with the material used in the well
and inspecting the materials in the loop; or
(C) Using an alternative method approved by
the Administrator;
(iv)
Periodic monitoring of the groundwater quality and geochemical changes above
the confining zones that may be a result of carbon dioxide movement or
displaced formation fluid movement through the confining zones or additional
zones. The monitoring wells shall:
(A) Use
specific information about the geologic sequestration project, including
injection rate and volume, geology, the presence of artificial penetrations,
and other relevant factors to establish the location and number of monitoring
wells; and
(B) Use baseline
geochemical data that have been collected under Section
10(b)(xvi) of this
Chapter and any modeling results in the area of review evaluation required by
Section
13(b) of this Chapter to
establish the monitoring frequency and spatial distribution of monitoring
wells;
(v) A
demonstration of external mechanical integrity pursuant to Section
19(c) at least once per
year until the well is plugged;
(vi) If required by the Administrator, a
casing inspection log pursuant to requirements of Section
19(d) of this Chapter at
a frequency established in the testing and monitoring plan;
(vii) A pressure fall-off test that
identifies reservoir conditions with respect to flow dynamics at least once
every five (5) years, unless more frequent testing is required by the
Administrator based on site-specific information;
(viii) Testing and monitoring to track the
extent of the carbon dioxide plume, the position of the pressure front, and
surface displacement using:
(A) Direct methods
in the injection zone(s); and
(B)
Indirect methods in the injection zone (e.g., seismic, electrical, gravity, or
electromagnetic surveys and/or down-hole carbon dioxide detection tools) unless
the Administrator determines, based on site-specific geology, that such methods
are not appropriate;
(ix) Based on site-specific conditions,
surface air monitoring or soil gas monitoring to detect movement of carbon
dioxide that could endanger a USDW or otherwise threaten human health, safety,
or the environment;
(A) The surface air or
soil gas monitoring plan shall:
(I) Be based
on potential risks to USDWs, and modeling within the area of review;
(II) Use baseline data to establish the
monitoring frequency and spatial distribution of surface air monitoring or soil
gas monitoring; and
(III) Specify
how the proposed monitoring will yield useful information for the area of
review delineation and the potential movement of fluid:
(1.) Containing any contaminant into USDWs in
exceedance of any primary drinking water regulation under 40 C.F.R. Part 141;
or
(2.) Which may otherwise
adversely affect human health, safety, or the environment;
(B) If an owner or operator
demonstrates that monitoring employed under
40 C.F.R. §§
98.440 to
98.449 accomplishes
the goals of subparagraph (b)(ix)(A) of this Section, the Administrator shall
approve the use of monitoring employed under
40 C.F.R. §§
98.440 to
98.449. An owner or
operator who uses monitoring employed under
40 C.F.R. §§
98.440 to
98.449 to meet the
requirements of this Section shall comply with
40 C.F.R. §§
98.440 to
98.449;
(x) Any additional monitoring, as
required by the Administrator, necessary to support, upgrade, and improve
computational modeling of the area of review re-evaluation required under
Section
13(c) of this Chapter and
as necessary to demonstrate that there is no movement of fluid containing any
contaminant into USDWs in exceedance of any primary drinking water regulation
under 40 C.F.R. Part 141, Subparts E, F, and G, or which could otherwise
adversely affect human health, safety, or the environment;
(xi) The owner or operator shall periodically
review the testing and monitoring plan to incorporate monitoring data collected
under this Section, operational data collected under Section
18 of this Chapter, and the most recent
area of review reevaluation performed under Section
13 of this Chapter. The owner or operator
shall review the testing and monitoring plan at least once every five (5)
years. Based on this review, the owner or operator shall submit an amended
testing and monitoring plan or demonstrate to the Administrator that no
amendment to the testing and monitoring plan is needed. Any amendments to the
testing and monitoring plan are subject to approval by the Administrator, shall
be incorporated into the permit, and are subject to the permit modification
requirements of Section
6 of this
Chapter. Amended plans or demonstrations shall be submitted to the
Administrator as follows:
(A) Within one (1)
year of an area of review reevaluation;
(B) Following any significant changes to the
facility, such as addition of monitoring wells or newly permitted injection
wells within the area of review; or
(C) When required by the Administrator;
and
(xii) A quality
assurance and surveillance plan for all testing and monitoring
requirements.
(c) The
owner or operator shall create and retain records of all monitoring information
that include:
(i) The date, time, and exact
place, of sampling or measurements;
(ii) The individuals who performed the
sampling or measurements;
(iii) The
dates analyses were performed;
(iv)
The individuals who performed the analyses;
(v) The analytical techniques or methods
used; and
(vi) The results of such
analyses.