Current through September 21, 2024
(a) An owner or
operator seeking a waiver of the requirement to inject below the lowermost USDW
shall submit a supplemental report concurrent with the permit application. The
report shall contain the following:
(i) A
demonstration that the injection zones are laterally continuous, are not USDWs,
and are not hydraulically connected to USDWs; do not outcrop within the area of
review; have adequate injectivity, volume, and sufficient porosity to safely
contain the injected carbon dioxide and formation fluids; and have appropriate
geochemistry;
(ii) A demonstration
that the injection zones are bounded by laterally continuous, impermeable
confining units above and below the injection zones adequate to prevent fluid
movement and pressure buildup outside of the injection zones;
(iii) A demonstration that the confining
units are free of transmissive faults and fractures;
(iv) A characterization of the regional
fracture properties and a demonstration that the fractures will not interfere
with injection, serve as conduits, or endanger USDWs;
(v) A computer model demonstrating that USDWs
above and below the injection zone will not be endangered as a result of fluid
movement. The modeling shall be done in conjunction with the area of review
determination described in Section
13 of this Chapter, is subject to the
requirements of Section
13(b) of this Chapter,
and shall be periodically reevaluated as required by Section
13(c) of this
Chapter;
(vi) A demonstration that
well design and construction, in conjunction with the waiver, will ensure
isolation of the injectate in lieu of the requirements of Section
14(a)(i) of this Chapter
and will meet the well construction requirements of paragraph (f) of this
Section;
(vii) A description of how
the monitoring and testing and any additional plans will be tailored to this
geologic sequestration project to ensure protection of USDWs above and below
the injection zone;
(viii)
Information on the location of all public water supplies affected, reasonably
likely to be affected, or served by USDWs in the area of review; and
(ix) Any other information requested by the
Administrator.
(b) To
inform the US EPA Regional Administrator's decision on whether to grant a
waiver of the injection depth requirements of
40 C.F.R. §§
144.6,
146.5(f),
and
146.86(a)(1),
the Administrator shall submit to the US EPA Regional Administrator
documentation of the following:
(i) An
evaluation of the following information as it relates to siting, construction,
and operation of a geologic sequestration project with a waiver:
(A) The integrity of the upper and lower
confining units;
(B) The
suitability of the injection zone(s) (including lateral continuity, lack of
transmissive faults and fractures, and knowledge of current or planned
artificial penetrations into the injection zone(s) or formations below the
injection zone);
(C) The potential
capacity of the geologic formation(s) to sequester carbon dioxide, accounting
for the availability of alternative injection sites;
(D) All other site characterization data, the
proposed emergency and remedial response plan, and a demonstration of financial
responsibility;
(E) Community
needs, demands, and supply from drinking water resources;
(F) Planned needs and potential and future
use of USDWs and non-USDW aquifers in the area;
(G) Planned or permitted water, hydrocarbon,
or mineral resource exploitation potential of the proposed injection
formation(s) and other formations both above and below the injection zone to
determine if there are any plans to drill through the formation to access
resources in or beneath the proposed injection zone(s) or
formation(s);
(H) The proposed plan
for securing alternative resources or treating USDW formation waters in the
event of contamination related to the Class VI injection activity;
and
(I) Any other applicable
considerations or information requested by the Administrator;
(ii) Consultation with the public
water system supervision directors of all states and Tribes having jurisdiction
over lands within the area of review of a well for which a waiver is sought;
and
(iii) Any written
waiver-related information submitted by a public water system supervision
director to the Department.
(c) Concurrent with the Class VI permit
application public notice process pursuant to Section 27 of this Chapter, the
Administrator shall give public notice that an injection depth waiver request
has been submitted. The notice shall clearly state:
(i) The depth of the proposed injection
zone(s);
(ii) The location of the
injection wells;
(iii) The name and
depth of all USDWs within the area of review;
(iv) A map of the area of review;
(v) The names of any public water supplies
affected, reasonably likely to be affected, or served by the USDWs in the area
of review; and
(vi) The results of
any consultation between the UIC program and the Public Water System
Supervision Directors within the area of review.
(d) Following the injection depth waiver
application public notice, the Administrator of the Water Quality Division of
the Department of Environmental Quality shall provide all the information
received through the waiver application process to the US EPA Regional
Administrator. Based on the information provided, the US EPA Regional
Administrator shall provide written concurrence or non-concurrence regarding
waiver issuance.
(i) If the US EPA Regional
Administrator requires additional information to make a decision, the
Administrator of the Water Quality Division of the Department of Environmental
Quality shall provide the information. The US EPA Regional Administrator may
require public notice of the new information.
(ii) The Administrator of the Water Quality
Division of the Department of Environmental Quality shall not issue a depth
injection waiver without receipt of written concurrence from the US EPA
Regional Administrator.
(e) If an injection depth waiver is issued,
within thirty (30) days of issuance, the EPA shall post the following
information on the Office of Water's website:
(i) The depth of the proposed injection
zone(s);
(ii) The location of the
injection wells;
(iii) The name and
depth of all USDWs within the area of review;
(iv) A map of the area of review;
(v) The names of any public water supplies
affected, reasonably likely to be affected, or served by the USDWs in the area
of review; and
(vi) The date of
waiver issuance.
(f)
Upon receipt of a waiver of the requirement to inject below the lowermost USDW
for geologic sequestration, the owner or operator of a Class VI well shall
comply with the following:
(i) All
requirements of Sections
13,
17,
18,
19, 22, 23, 25, and 26 of this
Chapter;
(ii) All the requirements
of Section
14 of this Chapter with the following
modified requirements:
(A) In lieu of meeting
the requirements of Section
14(a)(i) of this Chapter,
the Class VI well shall be constructed and completed to prevent the movement of
fluids into any unauthorized zones, including USDWs;
(B) In lieu of meeting the requirements of
Section
14(b) and
14(b)(i) of this Chapter,
the casing and cementing program shall prevent the movement of fluids into any
unauthorized zones including USDWs; and
(C) The casing shall extend through the base
of the nearest USDW directly above the injection zone and shall be cemented to
the surface or, at the Administrator's discretion, at another formation above
the injection zone and below the nearest USDW above the injection zone;
(iii) All the
requirements of Section
20 of this Chapter with the following
modified requirements:
(A) The owner or
operator shall monitor the groundwater quality, geochemical changes, and
pressure in the first USDWs immediately above and below the injection zone(s)
and in any other formation at the discretion of the Administrator;
and
(B) The owner or operator shall
conduct testing and monitoring to track the extent of the carbon dioxide plume
and the presence or absence of elevated pressure (e.g., the pressure front) in
the injection zone(s) by using:
(I) Direct
methods, and,
(II) Indirect methods
(e.g., seismic, electrical, gravity, or electromagnetic surveys and/or
down-hole carbon dioxide detection tools), unless the Administrator determines,
based on site-specific geology, that such methods are not
appropriate;
(iv) All requirements of Section 24 of this
Chapter with the following modified requirements:
(A) The owner or operator shall monitor the
groundwater quality, geochemical changes and pressure in the first USDWs
immediately above and below the injection zone and in any other formations at
the discretion of the Administrator; and
(B) Testing and monitoring in the injection
zone(s) to track the extent of the carbon dioxide plume and the presence or
absence of elevated pressure (e.g., the pressure front) by using direct methods
and indirect methods (e.g., seismic, electrical, gravity, or electromagnetic
surveys and down-hole carbon dioxide detection tools) unless the Administrator
determines, based on site-specific geology, that such methods are not
appropriate; and
(v) Any
additional requirements imposed by the Administrator to ensure protection of
USDWs above and below the injection zone(s).