Current through August 26, 2024
Surface water sources include all lakes, rivers, and
streams. The source of water selected by the water system owner as a surface
water supply shall be from the best available source practicable. The source
shall provide the highest quality water reasonably available which, with
appropriate treatment and adequate safeguards, will meet the drinking water
standards under ch. NR 809. The water system owner shall contact the
department's office of energy to initiate pre-application consultation
regarding ch. 30, Stats., permitting. Any proposal that will result in a
diversion from the Great Lakes basin requires department approval under s.
281.346, Stats. A water system
that utilizes a surface water source shall meet all of the following
requirements:
(1) QUALITY. The water
system owner shall conduct an investigative study that includes both natural
and man-made factors that may affect water quality of the selected surface
water supply. The study shall include all of the following:
(a) Determining possible future uses of the
water body.
(b) Determining degree
of control of the watershed by the water system.
(c) Assessing degree of hazard to the water
supply by agricultural, industrial, recreational, shipping and residential
activities in the watershed, and by accidental spillage of materials that may
be harmful or detrimental to the treatment process.
(d) Assessing all waste discharges, point
source and non-point source, and activities that could impact the water supply.
The location of each waste discharge shall be shown on a scale map.
(e) For lakes, an analysis of the area water
currents and for streams, an analysis of streamflows, and their potential
impact on water quality. Consideration shall be given to potential wind and ice
conditions.
(f) Obtaining samples
that are representative of the proposed intake structure based on depth and
location. Parameters that may be subject to seasonal variation shall be taken
for a period of up to one year or over a sufficient period of time to assess
such variation. Testing shall include turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness,
bromide, total organic carbon, color, taste and odor, ammonia, microbiological
organisms, heavy metals including lead and copper, volatile organics, synthetic
organics, inorganics, and radiological characteristics of the water. The
microbiological testing shall satisfy the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule requirements found in ss.
NR 809.33 to 809.335.
The source water shall meet the surface water quality standards in ch. NR
102.
(2) QUANTITY. The
quantity of the water at the source shall:
(a)
Be adequate in conjunction with water from other existing sources to meet the
maximum 20-year projected water demand of the service area, as shown by
calculations based on a one in 50-year drought or the extreme drought of
record, and shall include multiple year droughts.
Note: The department recommends water systems
using a surface water supply source are provided with redundant intakes or an
alternative means of supplying the maximum day water demand.
(b) Provide a reasonable reserve for
anticipated growth.
(c) Be adequate
to provide ample water for other legal users of the source in accordance with
ss. 30.18,
31.02,
281.35, and
281.41, Stats., and ch. NR
142.
(3) LOCATION. The
inlet for the intake shall not be located:
(a)
Within 1,000 feet of boat launching ramps, marinas, docks, or floating fishing
piers which are accessible by the public.
(b) In areas subject to excessive siltation
or in areas subject to receiving immediate runoff from wooded sloughs or
swamps.
(c) Within 1,000 feet of a
wastewater treatment plant outfall outlet.
(4) MINIMUM TREATMENT. The design of the
treatment processes, equipment, and structures shall depend on an evaluation of
the nature and quality of the particular water to be treated.
(a) The design of the water treatment plant
must consider the worst conditions that are projected to occur during the life
of the facility.
(b) Filtration
preceded by appropriate pretreatment shall be provided for all surface
waters.
(c) Disinfection shall be
provided for all surface waters.
(d) Additional treatment may be required by
the department based on raw water sampling and other water quality
factors.
