Current through August 26, 2024
(1) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Any proposal which
would result in a diversion from the Great Lakes basin requires department
approval in accordance with s.
281.346, Stats. Wells shall be
constructed in conformance with the following requirements:
(a)
Termination above the ground
surface.1. All wells shall be
terminated above the ground surface.
2. The grouted protective well casing or
alternatively, the top of a pitless unit, shall be terminated above grade a
minimum of 12 inches above the concrete floor of a pumphouse or
enclosure.
3. The portion of the
pump discharge piping for permanent wells that will contain the sampling
faucets, water meter, valves and other appurtenances shall be exposed above the
ground surface within a pumphouse building or enclosure that is secure,
weatherproof, and has a concrete floor.
(b)
Watertight construction.
Permanent wells shall have watertight construction to such depth as may be
required to exclude contamination. The depth shall be below the pumping water
level except where exempted by the department on a case-by-case
basis.
(c)
Grout
seal. Permanent wells shall have a grout seal surrounding the
protective casing and liner casings. The grout seal shall be a minimum of 1.5
inches in thickness to the depths specified in ss.
NR 811.14, 811.18, 811.19,
and 811.20.
(d)
Outer casings.
1. All outer casings used in the construction
of permanent wells shall be removed during or after the grouting process unless
the exterior of the outer casing is grouted in place to the native formation
with neat cement having a minimum thickness of 1.5 inches.
2. The grout level shall be retained above
the bottom of the casing during removal of the casing.
3. Starter casings 10 feet in depth or less
may be left in place provided that they are incorporated into the pump base in
accordance with ss.
NR 811.31 (1) and 811.32 (1).
(e)
Minimum protective
casing. All permanent wells shall have a minimum of 60 feet of grouted
protective casing, wherever practicable. Continuous disinfection shall be
provided for wells with less than 60 feet of grouted protective
casing.
(f)
Bacteriologically safe water for drilling. All wells shall be
constructed using water from a known bacteriologically safe source that will
not contaminate the aquifer. Untreated surface water or untested groundwater
shall not be used. A detectable free chlorine residual shall be maintained in
the well during drilling operations.
(g)
Test wells. Test wells
may be drilled to determine aquifer water quantity and quality prior to
constructing a final well. Test wells are subject to all of the following
requirements:
1. Test wells shall be drilled
for permanent wells proposed in unconsolidated formations to determine geologic
formation information and water quality and quantity data.
2. Test wells to be converted to permanent
wells or test wells to be pumped at a rate of 70 gallons per minute or more for
a period of more than 72 hours shall be approved by the department prior to
their construction.
3. The
department may not require test wells for replacement or additional wells
drilled on the same well site unless the geology is highly variable or in
locations where the formation yield, cone of depression, and water quality are
not known to a high degree of certainty.
4. The department may require a test well
where water quality data or geologic data for consolidated formations is not
available.
5. Test wells may be
converted to permanent wells only if all test well casings and screens are
removed prior to reconstructing the well to be converted to the permanent well.
Note: The department recommends that test
wells be sampled for regulated drinking water contaminants to ensure the
permanent well produces water that meets the drinking water quality standards
specified under ch. NR 809.
(h)
Flowing wells.
1. Flowing wells shall be provided with a
valve to control the flow. The valve shall be throttled as much as practicable
to prevent the erosion of the confining bed and to prevent waste of water. The
control valve shall be closed if the flow ceases.
2. Flow to waste piping shall be metal pipe
welded to the protective well casing or pitless unit a minimum of 6 inches
above the pumphouse floor. The piping shall extend horizontally through the
concrete pump base and include a check valve and a shut-off valve on the
portion of the piping located inside the building. The piping shall terminate
outside the pumphouse with a screened downturned pipe elbow and a minimum 2
pipe diameter free air break over the top of a storm sewer inlet structure or
other department approved location.
3. Every practicable effort shall be made to
install the grouted casing below the confining bed.
(i) Materials used as drilling aids, such as
drilling muds and foam or other aids shall be compounds approved by the
department. Such materials shall be NSF/ANSI Standard 61 approved as required
in s.
NR 810.09 (5).
(j) The department may require additional or
more stringent well construction requirements on a case by case basis when
necessary to minimize the entrance of naturally occurring or synthetic
contaminants into the well.
(k) The
water system owner shall provide notice of the well construction or
reconstruction to the department's regional drinking water representative at
least 48 hours prior to the date and time of initiating work.
(2) WELL DRILLER REQUIREMENTS. All
wells constructed or reconstructed after December 1, 2010, shall be constructed
or reconstructed by a well driller licensed or registered by the state of
Wisconsin under ch. 280, Stats., and ch. NR 146. A licensed well driller or a
registered drilling rig operator shall be on-site during all well drilling, as
defined in s.
NR 811.02 (77).
Note: Chapter
NR
146 contains the registration requirements for well
drillers.
(3) WELL
CONSTRUCTION REPORTS. The well driller shall forward to the department, and
send a copy to the owner, of a completed Wisconsin Well Construction Report
within 30 days of the date of completion of a new well. The well driller shall
forward to the department, and send a copy to the owner, of a revised Wisconsin
Well Construction Report within 30 days of the date of completion of a
reconstructed well. A well reconstruction report is required when a well is
deepened, partially backfilled or when installing or removing well casings or
screens.
(4) INTERFERENCE BETWEEN
COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEM WELLS. When the department determines that a proposed
community water system well may have a substantial effect on the water levels
in one or more wells owned by a neighboring water utility, the following
procedure shall be followed:
(a) The
department shall provide the owner of a utility well which may be affected by
the proposed well with information on its location, proposed constructional
features, proposed pumping rate and the anticipated volume of water to be
withdrawn.
(b) If the potentially
affected utility well owner wishes to object to the proposed community water
system well, the owner shall inform the department in writing of the reasons
for objection within 30 days of receipt of the information in par.
(a).
(c) If notice of objection is
filed and good cause is shown, the department may hold a public hearing at
which all interested parties may present testimony to be used by the department
in determining if a restriction shall be placed on the volume of water
withdrawn from the proposed well or existing wells.
(5) WELL SITES. The suitability of a site for
a well is dependent on geologic, hydrogeologic, and topographic conditions and
possible sources of contamination. However, a well site shall meet all of the
following general requirements:
(a)
Well site dimensions. The water system owner shall reserve a
lot or parcel of land for the construction of the well that has minimum
dimensions of 100 feet by 100 feet. The well shall be located at or near the
center of the lot or parcel and shall be located a minimum of 50 feet from any
property boundary. These dimensions may be modified by the department on a
case-by-case basis where they are unnecessary or inadequate to protect water
quality. The department may require a larger well site where necessary to
provide adequate wellhead protection. A deeper depth of grouted protective well
casing may be required by the department when necessary to compensate for a
smaller well site parcel or as a condition of approving a variance to a
separation distance to a potential contamination source listed under par.
(d).
(b)
Flood
protection. Wells may be constructed or replaced on sites in the
floodplain, as defined in s.
NR 116.03 (16), outside of the floodway, as defined in
s.
NR 116.03 (22), provided that the pumphouse floor is 2
feet or more above the regional flood elevation as determined in s.
NR 116.07 (4) and there is year round dry land access
to the pumphouse. No new well may be constructed and no existing well may be
reconstructed on a site in a floodway. Wells shall be located in an area
accessible during the entire year. Where necessary, road improvements shall be
installed to provide year round access. Wells shall be located on property
owned by the water system owner or for which a long term easement or lease has
been obtained. Access roads shall be on property owned by the water system
owner or for which a long term easement or lease has been obtained.
Note: Refer to ch. NR 116 for floodplain and
floodway requirements.
(c)
Well site investigation report submittal. The owner or the
owner's representative shall prepare a well site investigation report, as
required by s.
NR 811.09 (4) (j)
1., for each well site and submit the report
to the department prior to or concurrent with the request for approval of a
test well or a permanent well. The report shall be submitted on forms or in a
format provided by the department and shall contain sufficient information to
evaluate compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
(d)
Minimum separation from
contamination sources. The well shall be adequately separated from
potential sources of contamination. Unless a hydrogeologic investigation
indicates lesser separation distances would provide adequate protection of a
well from contamination or department approved treatment is installed to
address the potential contamination concerns, the minimum separation distances
shall be:
1. Ten feet between a well and an
emergency or standby power system that is operated by the same facility which
operates the well and that has a double wall above ground storage tank with
continuous electronic interstitial leakage monitoring. These facilities shall
meet the installation requirements of s.
ATCP 93.260 and receive written approval from the
department of safety and professional services or its designated Local Program
Operator under s.
ATCP 93.110.
2.
Fifty feet between a well and a storm sewer main or a sanitary sewer main where
the sanitary sewer main is constructed of water main class materials and
joints. Gravity sanitary sewers shall be successfully air pressure tested in
place. The air pressure test shall meet or exceed the requirements of the 4 psi
low pressure air test for plastic gravity sewer lines found in the latest
edition of Standard Specifications for Sewer & Water Construction in
Wisconsin. Force mains shall be successfully pressure tested with water to meet
the AWWA C600 pressure and leakage testing requirements for one hour at 125% of
the pump shut-off head.
3. Two
hundred feet between a well and any sanitary sewer main not constructed of
water main class materials, sanitary sewer manhole, lift station, one or 2
family residential heating fuel oil underground storage tank or above ground
storage tank or POWTS treatment tank or holding tank component and associated
piping.
4. Three hundred feet
between a well and any farm underground storage tank system or other
underground storage tank system with double wall and with electronic
interstitial monitoring for the system, which means the tank and any piping
connected to it. These installations shall meet the most restrictive
installation requirements of s.
ATCP 93.260 and receive written approval from the
department of safety and professional services or its designated Local Program
Operator under s.
ATCP 93.110. These requirements apply to tanks containing
gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel, ethanol, other alternative fuel, fuel oil,
petroleum product, motor fuel, burner fuel, lubricant, waste oil, or hazardous
substances.
5. Three hundred feet
between a well and any farm above ground storage tank with double wall, or
single wall tank with other secondary containment and under a canopy; other
above ground storage tank system with double wall, or single wall tank with
secondary containment and under a canopy and with electronic interstitial
monitoring for a double wall tank or electronic leakage monitoring for a single
wall tank secondary containment structure. These installations shall meet the
most restrictive installation requirements of s.
ATCP 93.260 and receive written approval from the
department of safety and professional services or its designated Local Program
Operator under s.
ATCP 93.110. These requirements apply to tanks containing
gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel, ethanol, other alternative fuel, fuel oil,
petroleum product, motor fuel, burner fuel, lubricant, waste oil, or hazardous
substances.
6. Four hundred feet
between a well and a POWTS dispersal component with a design capacity of less
than 12,000 gallons per day, a cemetery or a storm water retention or detention
pond.
7. Six hundred feet between a
well and any farm underground storage tank system or other underground storage
tank system with double wall and with electronic interstitial monitoring for
the system, which means the tank and any piping connected to it; any farm above
ground storage tank with double wall, or single wall tank with other secondary
containment and under a canopy or other above ground storage tank system with
double wall, or single wall tank with secondary containment and under a canopy;
and with electronic interstitial monitoring for a double wall tank or
electronic leakage monitoring for a single wall tank secondary containment
structure. These installations shall meet the standard double wall tank or
single wall tank secondary containment installation requirements of s.
ATCP 93.260 and receive written approval from the
department of safety and professional services or its designated Local Program
Operator under s.
ATCP 93.110. These requirements apply to tanks containing
gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel, ethanol, other alternative fuel, fuel oil,
petroleum product, motor fuel, burner fuel, lubricant, waste oil, or hazardous
substances.
8. One thousand feet
between a well and land application of municipal, commercial, or industrial
waste; the boundaries of a landspreading facility for spreading of
petroleum-contaminated soil regulated under ch. NR 718 while that facility is
in operation; agricultural, industrial, commercial or municipal waste water
treatment plant treatment units, lagoons, or storage structures; manure stacks
or storage structures; or POWTS dispersal component with a design capacity of
12,000 gallons per day or more.
9.
Twelve hundred feet between a well and any solid waste storage, transportation,
transfer, incineration, air curtain destructor, processing, wood burning, one
time disposal or small demolition facility; landfill; any property with
residual groundwater contamination that exceeds ch. NR 140 enforcement
standards; coal storage area; salt or deicing material storage area; any single
wall farm underground storage tank or single wall farm above ground storage
tank or other single wall underground storage tank or above ground storage tank
that has or has not received written approval from the department of safety and
professional services or its designated Local Program Operator under s.
ATCP 93.110 for a single wall tank installation. These
requirements apply to tanks containing gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel, ethanol,
other alternative fuel, fuel oil, petroleum product, motor fuel, burner fuel,
lubricant, waste oil, or hazardous substances; and bulk pesticide or fertilizer
handling or storage facilities.
10.
The separation distance requirements under s.
NR 812.08 (4) apply for all contamination sources
listed under s.
NR 812.08 (4) that are not listed in subds. 1. to 9.
Note: The department's database of
contaminated properties, established in accordance with ss.
292.12 (3),
292.31 (1), and
292.57, Stats., can be found on
the department's Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment internet web site.
The Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment Tracking System (BRRTS) is an
on-line database that provides information on known contaminated soil or
groundwater and tracks the status of the cleanup actions. RR Sites Map is the
program's geographic information system that provides a map-based system of
contaminated properties in Wisconsin. The department of safety and professional
services Storage Tank Database Information can be found at the department of
safety and professional services web site.
(e)
Well site inspection.
Well sites may be inspected by a representative of the department prior to
approval of plans.
(f)
Ch.
NR 820 compliance. For wells with a pumping capacity of 70 gallons per
minute or greater, the well location shall meet the applicable requirements of
ch. NR 820.
(6) WELL
HEAD PROTECTION PLAN. A well head protection plan shall be provided for all new
wells for municipal water systems. The owner of the municipal water system or
its agent shall develop the plan. No new municipal well may be placed into
service until the department has approved the well head protection plan. The
plan shall include all of the following:
(a)
Identification of the groundwater flow direction.
(b) Identification of the zone of influence
for the well consisting of the distance to one foot of aquifer drawdown at the
anticipated final pumping rate when pumpage of the well is assumed to be
continuous without recharge for 30 days. The zone of influence shall be
calculated using the Theis Method with or without groundwater modeling unless
another method is approved by the department.
(c) Identification of the recharge area for
the well. The recharge area shall be calculated using the Uniform Flow Equation
or be computer modeled unless another method is approved by the department.
Note: A copy of A Template For Preparing Well
Head Protection Plans For Municipal Wells, in which use of the Uniform Flow
Equation is discussed, may be obtained from the department.
(d) Identification of the potential
contamination sources within 0.5 mile of the well location and an assessment of
the potential for the existing contamination sources within the recharge area
of the well to negatively impact the well water quality. The potential
contamination sources shall be summarized in a table or list including distance
and direction from the well site and shall also be shown on a map surrounding
the well site. The table or list shall include information obtained by checking
the department's database of contaminated properties, established in accordance
with ss. 292.12 (3),
292.31 (1), and
292.57, Stats.
Note: The department's database of
contaminated properties, established in accordance with ss.
292.12 (3),
292.31 (1), and
292.57, Stats., can be found on
the department's Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment internet web site.
The Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment Tracking System (BRRTS) is an
on-line database that provides information on areas of known contaminated soil
or groundwater and tracks the status of the cleanup actions. RR Sites Map is
the program's geographic information system that provides a map-based system of
contaminated properties in Wisconsin. Information that appears on the RR
program's database and GIS applications can also be obtained by contacting the
regional drinking water staff person responsible for the water system. A copy
of A Guide For Conducting Potential Contaminant Source Inventories For Wellhead
Protection may be obtained from the department.
(e) Establishment of a well head protection
area for the proposed well. The well head protection area shall encompass, at a
minimum, that portion of the recharge area equivalent to a 5 year time of
travel to the well. The well head protection area may be determined by a
hydrogeologic investigation.
(f) A
public education program for well head protection.
(g) A water conservation program.
(h) A contingency plan for providing safe
water and protecting the well from contamination based on the inventory and
assessment of potential contamination sources.
(i) A management plan, which assesses
alternatives for addressing potential contamination sources, describes the
local ordinances, zoning requirements, monitoring program, and other local
initiatives proposed within the well head protection area established in par.
(e), and addresses maintaining the minimum contamination source separation
distances established by well siting in sub. (5) (d).
Note: A copy of Example Wellhead Protection
Ordinances may be obtained from the department's Bureau of Drinking Water and
Groundwater located in Madison.
(j) The well head protection plan shall be
labeled with the name and signature of the person who prepared the plan, the
date that the plan was signed, and the name of the company or water system
which the person represents. An owner approval letter shall be submitted when
required in accordance with s.
NR 811.10.
(7) CASING AND LINER PIPE FOR DRILLED WELLS.
(a) The protective casing shall be new prime
steel pipe produced to and meeting ASTM, A 53 Grades A or B, ASTM A 106; ASTM A
589 Type I, Grade A or B, Type II, Grade A or B; or API 5L specifications.
Previously used or reclaimed pipe may not be used.
(b) Each length of casing shall be legibly
marked in accordance with s.
NR 812.11 (6)
(d). The protective casing shall have the
minimum weights and thicknesses given in Table 1.
(c) Liner pipe installed to seal off a caving
zone shall be new, unused, and non-reclaimed steel pipe and shall have the
minimum weights and thicknesses given in Table 1. The department may, on a
case-by-case basis, approve the installation of ungrouted stainless steel
repair sleeves, but only if the well is bacteriologically safe and water
quality of the well meets all of the primary drinking water quality standards
specified under ch. NR 809.
(d)
Outer casings can be unmarked, used, or reclaimed pipe but shall have the
minimum weights and thicknesses given in Table No. 1.
(e) All casings and liner pipe shall have
additional thickness and weight if the Table No. 1 standard thickness is
insufficient to assure reasonable life expectancy or to withstand the forces to
which they may be subjected.
(f)
Casing and liner pipe shall be equipped with a drive shoe when driven and
centering guides when set. The locations of all centering guides to be
installed shall be shown on the plans or noted in the specifications, or
both.
(g) Casing and liner pipe
shall be assembled watertight by means of joints welded in accordance with the
standard welding procedure specifications of s.
NR 812.18 or by threaded couplings meeting or equivalent
to the specifications listed in par. (a).
(h) Protective casings shall rest on native
formation during grouting for new well construction. Hung liner casings may be
used for reconstruction of existing wells. Hung liner casing shall be securely
attached by welding steel bands to the outer casing or by other approved
methods, and the grout shall be supported on a steel ring welded to the bottom
of the liner pipe or on an approved packer attached to the bottom of the liner
pipe. The bottom of the protective casing or liner pipe may be flared out to
meet this requirement.
Note: Copies of the forgoing specifications
and standards are available for inspection at the central office of the
department of natural resources and may be obtained for personal use from the
American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19148-2959, and the American Petroleum
Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.
Table No. 1
|
STEEL PIPE
|
|
SIZE (inches)
|
DIAMETER (inches)
|
THICKNESS (inches)
|
|
WEIGHT PER FOOT (pounds)
|
|
|
External
|
Internal
|
|
Plain Ends (calculated)
|
With Threads and Couplings
(nominal)
|
|
6 id.
|
6.625
|
6.065
|
0.280
|
18.97
|
19.18
|
|
8
|
8.625
|
7.981
|
0.322
|
28.55
|
29.35
|
|
10
|
10.750
|
10.020
|
0.365
|
40.48
|
41.85
|
|
12
|
12.750
|
12.000
|
0.375
|
49.56
|
51.15
|
|
14 od.
|
14.000
|
13.250
|
0.375
|
54.57
|
57.00
|
|
16
|
16.000
|
15.250
|
0.375
|
62.58
|
65.30
|
|
18
|
18.000
|
17.250
|
0.375
|
70.59
|
73.00
|
|
20
|
20.000
|
19.250
|
0.375
|
78.60
|
81.00
|
|
22
|
22.000
|
21.000
|
0.500
|
114.81
|
|
24
|
24.000
|
23.000
|
0.500
|
125.49
|
|
26
|
26.000
|
25.000
|
0.500
|
136.17
|
|
28
|
28.000
|
27.000
|
0.500
|
146.85
|
|
30
|
30.000
|
29.000
|
0.500
|
157.53
|
|
32
|
32.000
|
31.000
|
0.500
|
168.21
|
|
34
|
34.000
|
33.000
|
0.500
|
178.89
|
|
36
|
36.000
|
35.000
|
0.500
|
189.57
|
(8) CONCRETE WALL CASING. Concrete wall
casing shall meet all of the following requirements:
(a) Be used only in dug wells and
collectors.
(b) Be reinforced and
at least 6 inches thick.
(c) Be
poured in one operation, if possible.
(d) Not have a construction joint within 10
feet of the original ground surface.
(9) PACKERS. A packer may be utilized for
test pumping, isolating portions of a well for water quality sampling, and for
grouting liner casings. Permanent well reconstruction may not be completed with
an inflatable packer. The packer shall be of a material that will not impart
taste, odors, toxic substances, or bacterial contamination to the water in the
well. Lead packers may not be used.
(10) SCREENS. Screens shall meet all of the
following requirements:
(a) Be constructed of
stainless steel which will not be damaged by chemical action of groundwater,
disinfection chemicals, or future cleaning operations.
(b) Have size of openings based on sieve
analysis of the aquifer and gravel pack materials.
(c) Be designed to have an entrance velocity
that does not exceed 0.1 feet per second under normal operating conditions or
as detailed in AWWA Standard A100-20 dated July 1, 2020, which is incorporated
by reference.
Note: AWWA Standard A100-20 is the American
Water Works Association specification for Water Wells published on July 1,
2020. A copy of the AWWA standard is available for inspection at the
Legislative Reference Bureau and may be obtained from the American Water Works
Association, awwa.org.
(d)
Be installed and have pumping equipment designed so that exposure of the screen
above the pumping level will not occur during normal operation.
(e) Be provided with a bottom plate of the
same material as the screen.
(11) BLASTING. Approval shall be obtained
from the department prior to blasting within a well. Information regarding the
procedure, number, size, and location of charges shall be submitted to the
department in writing. Blasting under this subsection is subject to all of the
following requirements:
(a) Blasting shall be
conducted under the supervision of a licensed well driller and a blaster
licensed by the department of safety and professional services under s.
SPS 305.20.
(b) No blasting may occur within 100 feet of
the grouted protective casing unless specific information is submitted for
department approval that justifies the use of low strength prima-cord or
charges between 50 and 100 feet of the grouted protective casing if necessary
to maintain the production capacity or water quality of a well with a limited
length of open drillhole.
(c) All
material dislodged during the blasting shall be removed from the
well.
(d) Proper safety measures
shall be employed to protect the workers and surrounding structures.
(e) The department's regional drinking water
staff person shall be given at least 48 hours notice prior to the date and time
of the proposed blasting work.
(f)
Following the completion of the blasting procedure, the well shall be
thoroughly disinfected and pumped to waste, and safe bacteriological water
samples shall be collected according to the requirements of s.
NR 810.09 (4).
(g) The owner or an authorized representative
shall submit a written report to the department within 30 days of the date of
completion of the blasting and subsequent pumping of the well that includes the
static and pumping water levels, gallon per minute pumping rate and specific
capacity of the well both before and after the blasting, and the results of any
testing for chemical or physical properties for which the well may have been
blasted, if applicable.
(12) CHEMICAL CONDITIONING. Approval shall be
obtained from the department prior to chemical conditioning of a well.
Information regarding the method proposed, equipment, chemicals, testing for
residual chemicals, disposal of waste, and inhibitors to be used shall be
submitted to the department in writing. Chemical conditioning under this
subsection is subject to all of the following requirements:
(a) The department's regional drinking water
staff person shall be given at least 48 hours prior notice prior to the date
and time of the proposed chemical conditioning work.
(b) Chemical conditioning, with the exception
of batch chlorination, shall be performed by or under the supervision of a
licensed well driller.
(c) All
chemicals used in conditioning shall be NSF/ANSI Standard 60 approved for use
in potable water as required per s.
NR 810.09 (1)
(c) unless an alternative chemical is
approved by the department.
(d)
Acid treatment shall include pH monitoring of nearby private or public wells,
use of an inhibitor to protect the metal portions of the well and pump,
complete removal of the acid from the well, neutralization of the spent acid,
and proper disposal of the spent acid.
(e) The resident project representative shall
closely supervise the discharge of chlorinated water. In no case may water with
a measurable total chlorine residual content be discharged to a surface water.
Suitable barriers, aeration or chemical dechlorination shall be provided when
discharging chlorinated water to a surface water or a storm sewer connected to
a surface water to ensure the water discharged does not contain a measurable
chlorine residual.
(f) Following
completion of the chemical conditioning procedure, the well shall be thoroughly
disinfected with chlorine only. Acids for pH control may only be used when the
acid does not include additives or the only additives used are intended to
mitigate corrosion of metal surfaces. Following disinfection, the well shall be
pumped to waste and safe bacteriological water samples shall be collected
according to the requirements under s.
NR 810.09 (4).
(g) The owner or an authorized representative
shall submit a written report to the department within 30 days of the date of
completion of the chemical conditioning and subsequent pumping of the well that
includes the static and pumping water levels, gallon per minute pumping rate
and specific capacity of the well both before and after chemical conditioning,
and the results of any testing for chemical or physical properties for which
the well may have been chemically conditioned, if applicable.
(h) All material released from the casings,
screen, and borehole as part of the rehabilitation shall be removed from the
well.
(i) The department may
require additional water quality sampling following a well rehabilitation based
on well raw water quality and the rehabilitation methods used to verify water
quality and to protect water consumers.
(13) OTHER METHODS OF WELL RECONDITIONING.
Approval shall be obtained from the department prior to performing any other
type of reconditioning procedure, including hydrofracturing and impulse
generation techniques. The requester shall submit written information regarding
the procedure, the equipment, materials, chemicals, pressures to be used, and
the disposal of waste to the department for approval. Reconditioning procedures
under this subsection are subject to all of the following requirements:
(a)
Hydrofracturing.
Hydrofracturing procedures shall meet the following requirements:
1. The department's regional drinking water
staff person shall be given at least 48 hours notice prior to the date and time
of the proposed hydrofracturing work.
2. Hydrofracturing shall be performed by or
under the supervision of a licensed well driller.
3. Clean washed inert, nontoxic material such
as sand may be added to the water for the purpose of holding the joints and
fractures open after the pressure is reduced.
4. When a well is to be hydrofractured within
100 feet of any existing bedrock well, the well driller shall notify the
existing well owner or owners and the department's regional drinking water
staff person of the forthcoming hydrofracturing operation at least 48 hours
prior to the commencement of the hydrofracturing operation.
5. The upper packer may not be placed at a
depth closer than 20 feet below the bottom of the casing.
6. Following the completion of the
hydrofracturing procedure, the well shall be thoroughly disinfected, pumped to
waste, and safe bacteriological water samples shall be collected according to
the requirements of s.
NR 810.09 (4).
7. The owner or an authorized representative
shall submit a written report to the department within 30 days of the date of
completion of the hydrofracturing and subsequent pumping of the well that
includes the static and pumping water levels, gallon per minute pumping rate
and specific capacity of the well both before and after the hydrofracturing,
and the results of any testing for chemical or physical properties for which
the well may have been hydrofractured, if applicable.
8. All material released from the casings,
screen, and borehole as part of the rehabilitation shall be removed from the
well.
(b)
Impulse generation. Impulse generation procedures shall meet
the following requirements:
1. The
department's regional drinking water staff person shall be given at least 48
hours notice prior to the date and time of the impulse generation
work.
2. Impulse generation
procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed well
driller.
3. A report shall be
submitted to the department that identifies the impulse method to be used, the
means of generating the impulse, the number of passes, the depths in the open
drillhole or well screen that the procedure will be started and stopped, the
psi strength of each impulse, and the number of impulses per foot. The report
shall also include information on all the gases to be used and details of any
chemical addition to be performed along with the impulse generation procedures,
including the chemicals to be used, the reason for using the chemicals, the
strength of each chemical as applied, the means to be used to inject the
chemicals, and how the chemicals will be neutralized and disposed of. All
chemicals used shall have NSF/ANSI Standard 60 approved for use in potable
water as required per s.
NR 810.09 (1)
(c).
4. Impulse strength shall be maintained low
enough to prevent structural damage to well casings, grout, and
screens.
5. Following the
completion of the impulse generation work, the well shall be thoroughly
disinfected, pumped to waste, and safe bacteriological water samples shall be
collected according to the requirements of s.
NR 810.09 (4).
6. The owner or an authorized representative
shall submit a written report to the department within 30 days of the date of
completion of the impulse generation and subsequent pumping of the well that
includes the static and pumping water levels, gallon per minute pumping rate
and specific capacity of the well both before and after the impulse generation,
and the results of any testing for chemical or physical properties for which
the well may have been treated with impulse generation, if
applicable.
7. All material
released from the casings, screen, and borehole as part of the rehabilitation
shall be removed from the well.
(14) GROUTING REQUIREMENTS. The water system
owner shall give notice to the department's regional drinking water staff
person at least 48 hours prior to the date and time of the well grouting work.
In addition, all of the following requirements shall be met:
(a)
Grout types and
specifications.1. Neat cement grout
shall be labeled as ASTM C150, Type I, ASTM C595, Type IL, or API-10A, Class A
Portland cement and water from a known bacteriologically safe and
uncontaminated source, with not more than 6 gallons of water per 94-pound sack
of cement. A mud balance shall be used to measure the grout density. Additives,
including bentonite to increase fluidity, reduce shrinkage, or control time of
set may be used only with prior department approval. No more than 4.7 pounds of
powdered bentonite, a maximum of 5 percent, may be added to each 94-pound sack
of cement. When bentonite is added, the volume of water shall be increased.
When bentonite is added, a pressurized mud balance shall be used to measure the
grout density. Bentonite mixed with neat cement grout shall comply with
Table No. 2
|
ALLOWABLE NEAT CEMENT - BENTONITE
GROUT MIXTURES
|
|
% bentonite added per 94-lb sack of cement
|
Maximum gal of water per 94-lb of cement
|
Minimum density of bentonite/grout mix in
lbs/gal
|
Volume of bentonite/grout mix in ft3/sack of
cement
|
|
0% (0.00 lbs)
|
6.00
|
15.02
|
1.28
|
|
1% (0.94 lbs)
|
6.04
|
15.00
|
1.29
|
|
2% (1.88 lbs)
|
7.05
|
14.40
|
1.43
|
|
3% (2.82 lbs)
|
7.47
|
14.20
|
1.49
|
|
4% (3.76 lbs)
|
7.93
|
14.00
|
1.56
|
|
5% (4.70 lbs)
|
8.42
|
13.80
|
1.63
|
(Bentonite table information provided by the Halliburton
Co.)
2. Sand cement grout
may be used for annular openings greater than 3 inches. The mixture may not
exceed 2 parts by weight of sand to one part of ASTM C150, Type 1 or API-10A,
Class A Portland cement and not more than 6 gallons of water from a known
bacteriologically safe and uncontaminated source to each 94-pound sack of
cement.
3. Concrete grout may be
used for annular openings greater than 6 inches. The concrete shall contain not
less than 6 sacks of cement per cubic yard and not more than 6 gallons of water
from a known bacteriologically safe uncontaminated source to each 94-pound sack
of cement. The gravel size may not exceed 0.75 inch. The volumetric ratio of
either gravel or sand to cement may not exceed 2.5 parts to one part. Wisconsin
department of transportation grade A concrete is also acceptable.
(b)
Grouting
procedures.1. All grout shall be
placed from the bottom of the annular opening to the surface in one continuous
operation. Grouting methods that involve forcing a measured quantity of grout
down the inner casing by a plug, such as the Halliburton method, shall not be
used. When a conductor pipe in the annular opening is used, the conductor pipe
shall meet the material requirements of subd. 8. and shall be submerged in the
grout during the entire operation. For grout depths in excess of 100 feet, a
pump shall be used to inject the grout.
2. A sufficient annular opening shall be
provided to permit a minimum of 1.5 inches of grout around the protective
casing, grouted liner pipe, or outer casing when it is intended to grout the
outer casing in place, including couplings, if used.
3. Any materials used as drilling aids shall
be removed from the annular opening prior to grouting.
4. Prior to grouting through creviced
formations, bentonite or similar approved materials shall be added to the
annular opening in the manner indicated for grouting and circulated until the
bentonite or other approved material flows to the ground surface.
5. Grout shall be allowed to overflow from
the annular opening until such time as the density is the same as that of the
grout being placed. The specifications shall outline the method to be used to
check the grout density and equipment shall be available on site to determine
grout density.
6. Standby grouting
equipment for grouting annular openings, including a backup grout pump and
tremie pipe meeting the material requirements of subd. 8., shall be on site
during the grouting of all wells.
7. The grout level shall be maintained above
the bottom of any outer casing during the withdrawal procedure.
8. Grout conductor, or tremie, pipes shall be
metal pipe or a rubber-covered, fiber or steel braided, reinforced hose with a
minimum pressure rating of 300 psi. Plastic pipe, including PVC pipe, shall not
be used as a grout conductor pipe.
9. The conductor pipe shall be completely
withdrawn from the well prior to flushing excess grout from the conductor pipe
when grouting down the annular space or shall be disconnected from the grout
shoe or street elbow prior to flushing excess grout when grouting within the
casing.
(c)
Centering guides. Centering guides shall be installed on the
protective casing in a manner to permit unobstructed flow and uniform thickness
of grout within the annular space.
(d)
Grout curing. Drilling
operations or other work in the well, including development, may not be
performed within 72 hours after the grouting of casings or liners. If the
department approves the use of quick-setting cement, this period may be reduced
to 24 hours. Use of quick setting cement shall be clearly indicated in the
specifications submitted to the department.
(15) PLUMBNESS AND ALIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Every well constructed in rock and all
screened wells greater than 100 feet in depth shall be tested for plumbness and
alignment by the method outlined in AWWA Standard A100-20 dated July 1, 2020,
which is incorporated by reference, or by an equivalent method. The test method
shall be clearly stated in the specifications. The department may waive the
requirement for plumbness and alignment testing for 6-inch diameter wells that
will have a submersible well pump installed.
Note: A copy of AWWA Standard A100-20 dated
July 1, 2020, is available for inspection at the Legislative Reference Bureau
and may be obtained for personal use from the American Water Works Association,
https://awwa.org.
(b) Variance from the vertical of two-thirds
the smallest inside diameter of that part of the well being tested per 100 feet
of depth to the depth of the pump setting plus 25% may not be exceeded. Also,
the well shall allow free passage of a 40-foot section of pipe or a dummy to
the depth of the pump setting plus 25%. The outside diameter of the pipe or
dummy used may not be more than 1/2 inch smaller than the diameter being
tested.
(c) The department will not
approve installation of well pumps in wells with kinks and bends which prevent
setting a line shaft vertical turbine pump to the desired pump setting plus 25%
unless the owner accepts the installation in writing.
(d) A summary and evaluation of the test
results shall be submitted to the department prior to permanent pump approval
for municipal wells and prior to the department approving the well to be placed
in service for other-than-municipal community public wells.
(16) YIELD AND DRAWDOWN TEST.
(a) A yield and drawdown test is required.
The method to be used shall be clearly indicated in the plans and
specifications.
(b) The yield and
drawdown test shall be performed on every municipal or subdivision well for a
period of at least 12 consecutive hours. For non-subdivision
other-than-municipal water system wells, the yield and drawdown test shall be
performed for a period of at least 4 consecutive hours. In any case, the test
shall be performed at a rate no less than the anticipated pumping capacity and
for the duration necessary for the water level to stabilize at the anticipated
pumping capacity.
(c) The test
shall include pumping a minimum of 4 hours at a rate equal to the capacity
anticipated for the permanent well pump.
(d) Water depth measurements shall be made at
a frequency sufficient to evaluate the production efficiency and recovery rate
of the well.
(e) All of the
following data regarding the yield and drawdown test shall be submitted to the
department:
1. Date and time the test was
started.
2. Static water level
immediately prior to starting the test.
3. Gallon per minute pumping rate.
4. Drawdown in feet during the
test.
5. Date and time the pumping
water level was measured.
6.
Specific capacity in gpm/ft.
7.
Recovery water levels including date and time measured.
8. Depth of pump setting.
9. Drawdown and recovery measurements from
any observation or monitoring wells monitored during the test pumping including
date and time measured.
10.
Elevation of the reference point of measurement of the water level data at each
monitoring point.
(f) In
addition, representative samples of the well water shall be collected as
required by subs. (19) and (20) and the laboratory results shall be submitted
directly to the department in a department approved electronic format. The
laboratory results of any exploratory or investigative water quality analyses
shall be submitted to the department on paper lab forms.
(17) GEOLOGICAL DATA.
(a) Formation samples shall be collected from
all new test wells and final wells and from deepening of existing wells at
5-foot intervals and at each pronounced change in geologic formation. The
formation samples shall be submitted to the Wisconsin State Geological and
Natural History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, in
collection bags provided by the survey or in equivalent plastic bags. The
formation depths sampled shall be clearly and permanently marked on each
bag.
(b) Geological data shall be
recorded on the completed Well Construction Report form submitted to the
department.
(18) CAPPING
REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Wells in which no pump is
installed shall be capped by welding a steel plate to the top of the casing to
form a watertight and airtight seal.
(b) During construction, a temporary means of
capping or covering the well shall be provided to prevent debris or any
contaminants from entering the well or any annular space.
(19) BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY. Every new,
modified, or reconditioned groundwater source shall be disinfected during or
after installation of the pumping equipment. Representative samples for
bacteriological analysis shall be collected as required in s.
NR 810.09 (4).
(20) CHEMICAL QUALITY. Every new well shall
be sampled for chemical quality. Reconditioned or reconstructed wells shall be
sampled for chemical quality in cases where changes in water quality may occur.
The samples shall be representative of the well water and collected and
analyzed for the parameters indicated in the department's approval letter for
the well construction, reconditioning or reconstruction. The samples shall be
collected near the end of the test pumping period after the well construction,
reconditioning, or reconstruction has been completed and where applicable, the
well developed. Where not existing, a smooth-end sampling faucet shall be
installed on the test pump discharge piping at a location suitable for the
collection of water samples for volatile parameters and a suitable throttling
device shall be provided on the pump discharge piping to facilitate sample
collection. The samples shall be submitted to a laboratory certified by the
state of Wisconsin. Prior to collection of the samples, the department shall be
provided with a detailed description of the sampling protocol for each
parameter. Wells that do not meet the primary drinking water standards of ch.
NR 809 may not be placed into service unless adequate treatment is provided in
accordance with. s.
NR 811.04.
(21) OBSERVATION WELLS AND TEST WELLS.
(a) Observation wells, monitoring wells, test
wells, treatment wells or other wells constructed as part of the water system
shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter for
permanent community wells if they are to remain in service after completion of
construction of the community well and if they are located on the well site.
When taken out of service these wells shall be abandoned in accordance with s.
NR 811.13. Temporary or permanent observation wells,
monitoring wells, test wells, treatment wells, or other wells constructed off
the well site shall meet the construction and abandonment requirements of ch.
NR 141, 812, or this chapter.
(b)
The wells shall be protected and secured at the upper terminal to preclude
entrance of foreign material and minimize the potential for vandalism. The
wells to remain in service shall be provided with locking covers.
(c) Specifications documenting the methods
and materials for the temporary abandonment of test wells or test borings to be
converted into final wells shall be submitted to the department for review and
approval.
