Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply
Chapter NR 810 - Requirements for the operation and maintenance of public water systems
Subchapter III - Toolbox Options for Meeting Enhanced Treatment for Cryptosporidium Requirements
Section NR 810.43 - Pre-filtration treatment toolbox components

Universal Citation: WI Admin Code § NR 810.43

Current through August 26, 2024

(1) PRESEDIMENTATION. Systems receive 0.5 -log Cryptosporidium treatment credit for a presedimentation basin during any month the process meets the criteria in this subsection.

(a) The presedimentation basin shall be in continuous operation and shall treat the entire plant flow taken from a surface water or GWUDI source.

(b) The system shall continuously add a coagulant to the presedimentation basin.

1. Demonstrates at least 0.5-log mean reduction of influent turbidity. This reduction shall be determined using daily turbidity measurements in the presedimentation process influent and effluent and shall be calculated as follows: log10 (monthly mean of daily influent turbidity) - log10 (monthly mean of daily effluent turbidity).

2. Complies with department-approved performance criteria that demonstrate at least 0.5-log mean removal of micron-sized particulate material through the presedimentation process.

(2) TWO-STAGE LIME SOFTENING. Systems receive an additional 0.5-log Cryptosporidium treatment credit for a 2-stage lime softening plant if chemical addition and hardness precipitation occur in 2 separate and sequential softening stages prior to filtration. Both softening stages shall treat the entire plant flow taken from a surface water or GWUDI source.

(3) BANK FILTRATION. Systems receive Cryptosporidium treatment credit for bank filtration that serves as pretreatment to a filtration plant by meeting the criteria in this subsection. Systems using bank filtration when they begin source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331(1) shall collect samples as described in s. NR 809.333(4) and are not eligible for this credit.

(a) Wells with a groundwater flow path of at least 25 feet receive 0.5 -log treatment credit; wells with a groundwater flow path of at least 50 feet receive 1.0 -log treatment credit. The groundwater flow path shall be determined as specified in par. (d).

(b) Only wells in granular aquifers are eligible for treatment credit. Granular aquifers are those comprised of sand, clay, silt, rock fragments, pebbles or larger particles, and minor cement. A system shall characterize the aquifer at the well site to determine aquifer properties. Systems shall extract a core from the aquifer and demonstrate that in at least 90% of the core length, grains less than 1.0 mm in diameter constitute at least 10% of the core material.

(d) For vertical wells, the groundwater flow path is the measured distance from the edge of the surface water body under high flow conditions, determined by the 100-year floodplain elevation boundary or by the floodway, as defined in federal emergency management agency flood hazard maps, to the well screen. For horizontal wells, the groundwater flow path is the measured distance from the bed of the river under normal flow conditions to the closest horizontal well lateral screen.

(e) The water supplier for the system shall monitor each wellhead for turbidity at least once every 4 hours while the bank filtration process is in operation. If monthly average turbidity levels, based on daily maximum values in the well, exceed one NTU, the water supplier for the system shall report this result to the department and conduct an assessment within 30 days to determine the cause of the high turbidity levels in the well. If the department determines that microbial removal has been compromised, the department may revoke treatment credit until the system implements corrective actions approved by the department to remediate the problem.

(f) Springs and infiltration galleries are not eligible for treatment credit under this section, but are eligible for credit under s. NR 810.44(3).

(g) The department may approve Cryptosporidium treatment credit for bank filtration based on a demonstration of performance study that meets the criteria in this paragraph. This treatment credit may be greater than 1.0 -log and may be awarded to bank filtration that does not meet the criteria in pars. (a) to (e).

1. The study shall follow a department-approved protocol and shall involve the collection of data on the removal of Cryptosporidium or a surrogate for Cryptosporidium and related hydrogeologic and water quality parameters during the full range of operating conditions.

2. The study shall include sampling both from the production well or wells and from monitoring wells that are screened and located along the shortest flow path between the surface water source and the production well or wells.

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