Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 700-799 - Environmental Protection - Investigation and Remediation of Environmental Contamination
Chapter NR 718 - Management of solid wastes excavated during response actions
Section NR 718.09 - Treatment of excavated contaminated soil
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 718.09
Current through August 26, 2024
(1) GENERAL. If excavated contaminated soil is treated at a non-commercial treatment unit or facility and the treatment unit or facility is operated by the responsible parties in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, that site or facility is exempt from solid waste program requirements for the treatment of the contaminated soil in ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538, except where solid waste program requirements are specifically referenced in this section. If contaminated soil is incorporated into hot-mix asphalt in accordance with sub. (5), the asphalt plant is exempt from solid waste program requirements for treatment of contaminated soil found in ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538, except where solid waste program requirements are specifically referenced in this section. If excavated soil contaminated solely with light petroleum products or light petroleum products in combination with agricultural chemicals regulated by the department of agriculture trade and consumer protection under s. 94.73, Stats., is treated by the responsible parties at a single-application landspreading facility in compliance with sub. (8), that landspreading facility is exempt from solid waste program requirements for the treatment of the contaminated soil in ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538, except where solid waste program requirements are specifically referenced in this section. Commercial treatment units or facilities, hot-mix asphalt plants where contaminated soil is treated by means other than incorporation into the asphalt mix, and thermal treatment units or facilities are required to be licensed under ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538, and are not exempt under this section.
Note: Treatment of contaminated soil that has not been excavated is not regulated as solid waste treatment under ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538. Design, operation and maintenance requirements for the treatment of unexcavated contaminated soil are established in ch. NR 724.
(2)LOCATION STANDARDS.
(a) Unless approved under chs.
NR
400 to
499, chs.
NR 500 to
538 where applicable, or par. (b),
responsible parties may not treat excavated contaminated soil in any of the
following locations:
1. Within a
floodplain.
2. Within 100 feet of
any wetland or critical habitat area.
3. Within 300 feet of any navigable river,
stream, lake, pond or flowage.
4.
Within 100 feet of any on-site water supply well or 300 feet of any off-site
water supply well.
(b)
Responsible parties may treat contaminated soil in a location listed in par.
(a) if the department has granted a written exemption from that location
standard, after considering all of the following:
1. Waste characteristics and
quantities.
2. The geology and
hydrogeology of the area, including information from well logs and well
construction records for nearby wells.
3. The unavailability of other
environmentally suitable alternatives.
4. Compliance with other state and federal
regulations.
5. The threat to
public health, safety, or welfare or the environment.
(3)NON-COMMERCIAL TREATMENT OF SOIL FROM MORE THAN ONE SITE. Non-commercial treatment units or facilities operated by responsible parties, where less than 2,500 cubic yards of excavated contaminated soil from 5 or fewer contamination sites are treated, are exempt from solid waste program requirements for the treatment of contaminated soil in ch. 289, Stats., and chs. NR 500 to 538, if the treatment is conducted in compliance with the requirements of this section. Excavated contaminated soil from more than 5 properties may not be treated at the same site or facility unless the treatment site or facility is a licensed solid waste treatment facility. Responsible parties may not mix excavated contaminated soil from one property with soil from another property unless the same party owns all of the mixed soil or an approval has been granted under ch. NR 502. Contaminated soil which is stored prior to treatment shall be stored in compliance with the provisions of s. NR 718.05.
(4)NOTIFICATION.
(a) Responsible parties shall notify the
department in writing within 30 days after any of the following:
1. Start up of any type of treatment of
excavated contaminated soil that is subject to the requirements of sub. (7),
(8) or (9).
2. Shutdown of any type
of treatment of excavated contaminated soil that is subject to the requirements
of sub. (7), (8) or (9).
3.
Substantial change in operations of any type of treatment of excavated
contaminated soil that is subject to the requirements of sub. (7), (8) or
(9).
4. Completion of any type of
treatment of excavated contaminated soil that is subject to the requirements of
sub. (7), (8) or (9).
(b) Notification shall include all of the
following:
1. The name, address and telephone
number of all responsible parties.
2. All locations of sites from which
contaminated soil was excavated by address and location by quarter-quarter
section, township, range and county, geographic position determined in
accordance with the requirements of s.
NR 716.15(5)
(d), and the latitude and
longitude.
3. The volume of soil
being treated.
4. The hazardous
substances or environmental pollution in the soil.
5. The address and location by
quarter-quarter section, township, range and county, geographic position
determined in accordance with the requirements of s.
NR 716.15(5)
(d), and the latitude and longitude of the
treatment site.
6. The name,
address and telephone numbers of all consultants and contractors involved in
response actions at the sites or facilities.
7. A brief description of the treatment
system.
8. The reasons for any
unscheduled shutdowns or changes in operation.
9. A brief proposal for the disposal of the
contaminated soils after treatment.
(5)TREATMENT OF EXCAVATED CONTAMINATED SOIL AT HOT-MIX ASPHALT OR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE PLANTS.
(a) Responsible parties may not transport or
hire another entity to transport excavated contaminated soil to a hot-mix
asphalt plant which incorporates contaminated soil into the asphalt mix unless
the hot-mix asphalt plant has a current operating air permit under chs.
NR
400 to
499 and is in compliance with chs.
NR
400 to
499. Where the operator of a
hot-mix asphalt plant who is in compliance with chs.
NR
400 to
499 and has a current operating
air permit under chs.
NR
400 to
499 becomes a responsible party as
a result of a hazardous substance discharge, that responsible party may
remediate the resultant contaminated soil in accordance with this chapter by
placing the soil directly into hot-mix asphalt. When a hazardous substance
discharge occurs that a hot-mix plant operator is responsible for, the
department shall be notified immediately of the discharge to the environment
and of the response action taken by the asphalt plant operator.
(b) If excavated contaminated soil is
incorporated into asphalt at a hot-mix asphalt plant operated in compliance
with the requirements of this chapter, that site or facility is exempt from
solid waste program requirements for the treatment of the contaminated soil in
ch. 289, Stats., and chs.
NR 500 to
538, except where solid waste
program requirements are specifically referenced in this section.
(c) Storage of excavated contaminated soil at
hot-mix asphalt plants which incorporate contaminated soil into the asphalt mix
shall be in compliance with all of the following:
1. Storage shall comply with the requirements
of s.
NR 718.05(2) (a), (b), (e), (f) and
(g).
2. Storage shall be in an area constructed of
an asphalt base and asphalt berms, or other materials approved by the
department.
3. Up to 5,000 cubic
yards of soil may be stored at one time.
4. Storage may take place for up to 9 months
per year.
5. Plant operators shall
take steps to control windblown dust, and to control the infiltration of
precipitation, at contaminated soil storage areas.
(d) Responsible parties may not transport or
hire another entity to transport excavated contaminated soil to a hot-mix
asphalt plant for treatment other than incorporation into the asphalt mix
unless the hot-mix asphalt plant has a current operating air permit under chs.
NR
400 to
499, is in compliance with chs.
NR
400 to
499 and has an approval for solid
waste processing under ch. 289, Stats., and chs.
NR 500 to
538. Hot-mix asphalt plants which
do not incorporate contaminated soil into the asphalt mix and structural
concrete plants which do not incorporate contaminated soil into concrete shall
store excavated contaminated soil in compliance with ch. NR 502.
(e) Responsible parties may not transport or
hire another entity to transport excavated contaminated soil to a structural
concrete batch plant that does not have all required operating permits and
approvals for incorporation of contaminated soils into the concrete mix.
Note: Placement of asphalt pavement which contains contaminated soil incorporated into asphalt at a hot-mix asphalt plant operated in compliance with the requirements of this chapter is not regulated as solid waste disposal.
(6)THERMAL TREATMENT OF EXCAVATED CONTAMINATED SOIL.
(a) Responsible parties may
not transport or hire another entity to transport excavated contaminated soil
to a thermal treatment unit or facility unless that thermal treatment unit or
facility has all required operating permits or licenses, including a current
operating air permit under chs.
NR
400 to
499, is in compliance with chs.
NR
400 to
499, and has a current license or
other approval under s.
NR 502.08. Operators of soil treatment units shall take
steps satisfactory to the department to minimize noise and dust, such as
wetting treated soils and the work area to control dust.
(b) Storage of excavated contaminated soil at
thermal treatment units or facilities is exempt from the storage requirements
in ch. 289, Stats., and chs.
NR 500 to
538 if it is in compliance with
the following:
1. Storage shall comply with
the requirements of s.
NR 718.05(2) (a) to (c) and (e) to
(g).
2. Up to 5,000 cubic yards of soil may be
stored at one time.
3. Storage may
take place for up to 9 months per year.
4. Operators of soil treatment units shall
take steps satisfactory to the department to control the infiltration of
precipitation at contaminated soil storage areas.
(7)BIOREMEDIATION AND TREATMENT BY VOLATILIZATION OF EXCAVATED CONTAMINATED SOIL. Except as provided in sub. (8), all of the following requirements apply to the treatment of excavated contaminated soil by bioremediation, volatilization or both:
(a) Responsible parties who treat excavated
contaminated soil by bioremediation or volatilization, or both, shall maintain
the excavated contaminated soil in compliance with the requirements of s.
NR 718.05(2) (c), (e), (f) and (g),
unless other methods are approved by the department.
(b) All excavated contaminated soil shall be
covered, as necessary, to prevent volatilization of soil contaminants in excess
of limits in chs.
NR
400 to
499. If a cover is required by
chs.
NR
400 to
499, the cover material and
anchoring system shall meet the requirements of s.
NR 718.05(2) (d), unless other methods
are approved by the department.
(c)
All treatment of excavated contaminated soil by bioremediation or
volatilization shall be designed, operated and maintained in accordance with
the requirements of ch. NR 724.
(8)SINGLE-APPLICATION LANDSPREADING OF EXCAVATED CONTAMINATED SOIL.
(a)
General. Responsible parties, or their agents or contractors,
may conduct single-application landspreading of soil contaminated solely with
light petroleum products or light petroleum products in combination with
agricultural chemicals regulated by the department of agriculture, trade and
consumer protection under s.
94.73,
Stats., provided that the requirements of pars. (b), (c), (d) and (e) are met.
Landspreading of contaminated soil which contains chemicals regulated by the
department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection under s.
94.73,
Stats., shall also be conducted in accordance with a plan that has received
prior written approval from the department of agriculture, trade and consumer
protection.
(b)
Waste
characterization.
1. Waste shall be
characterized prior to submitting the operation plan under par. (d). Analytical
results from a site investigation conducted under ch. NR 716 may be used to
characterize the waste or to supplement the waste characterization. Samples
shall be collected and analyzed in accordance with the following requirements:
a. For the first 600 cubic yards of
contaminated soil to be landspread at each landspreading facility, one soil
sample shall be collected for each 100 cubic yards of contaminated soil to be
landspread. For volumes of contaminated soil that exceed 600 cubic yards, a
minimum of one additional sample per 300 cubic yards shall be collected for
analysis. At a minimum, 2 samples shall be collected from the soil to be
landspread.
b. Samples shall be
analyzed for all contaminants whose presence is suspected considering the site
investigation scoping items listed under s.
NR 716.07.
c.
At a minimum, the testing listed in Table 1 shall be performed on the
contaminated soil based on the contaminant type. -
d. Soil samples shall be collected and
analyzed in accordance with the provisions in s.
NR 716.13(11)
and (12).
2. Soil to be landspread shall meet the
following requirements:
a. Landspreading of
soil containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) shall be approved in
writing by the department in accordance with the procedures in par. (d)
4.
b. The metal contaminant
concentrations in the excavated contaminated soil to be landspread may not
exceed the residual concentration levels established in accordance with ch. NR
720.
c. The excavated contaminated
soil to be landspread may not be a hazardous waste as defined in s.
NR 660.10(52).
(c)
Facility
approvals.
1. The department may
approve a facility for single-application landspreading under this section if
the applicant submits a complete application and the facility meets the
location standards under subd. 3. All applications for facility approvals shall
be submitted on forms supplied by the department. The applicant shall send a
copy of the application to the clerks of the county and the city, village or
town where the facility is located at the same time that it is submitted to the
department. Before an application for approval of a single-application
landspreading facility is considered complete, the following information shall
be submitted:
a. The facility location,
including legal description and copies of any county soil survey maps, plat
maps, USGS topographic maps or other maps used to demonstrate that the criteria
in this paragraph are met. The area proposed for landspreading shall be
delineated on appropriate maps and the total area proposed for landspreading
shall be determined in square feet or acres.
b. The names, addresses and telephone numbers
of the person who will operate the landspreading facility and the site
owner.
c. A description of the
current land use of the facility and surrounding properties.
d. The slope, depth to seasonal high water
table and bedrock, and soil characteristics including soil type, and the mean
permeability of the uppermost 5 feet of soil. Information summarized from
county soil surveys published by the United States department of agriculture
maps and similar sources may be used to obtain this information where
appropriate. Information obtained from soil borings or test pits may be used to
determine site-specific characteristics. The use of county soil surveys is not
appropriate to determine separation from groundwater or bedrock for sites where
a 10-foot separation distance is required.
e. Copies of any local approvals required in
order to landspread or an affirmation that no local approvals are
required.
f. Documentation that the
site meets the location standards in subd. 3.
Note: Copies of application forms for facility approvals may be obtained from any regional office of the department or by writing to the Department of Natural Resources, Bureau for Remediation and Redevelopment, PO Box 7921, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707-7921.
2.
a. If a facility approval application is not
complete, the department shall notify the applicant within 15 business days of
receipt that it is not complete and identify the information necessary to
complete the application.
b. The
department shall approve or disapprove of an application within 30 business
days of receipt of a complete application.
c. Approval of a facility shall be effective
for 2 years after the date of approval, unless circumstances affecting the
facility change so that the facility no longer meets the location standards in
subd. 3. An approval is no longer effective at any time that circumstances
change in a manner that would cause the facility to not meet any of the
standards in subd. 3. The department may extend a facility approval up to an
additional 2 years from the date of the original approval if the applicant
submits a request for an extension and that request certifies that
circumstances have not changed in a manner that would cause the facility to not
meet any of the standards in subd. 3.
3. No person may establish, construct,
operate, maintain or permit use of property as a single-application
landspreading facility in the following areas:
a. Within a floodplain.
b. Within 100 feet of a wetland.
c. Within 100 feet of a critical habitat
area.
d. Within 300 feet of any
navigable water body.
e. Within
1,000 feet of a public water supply well or its delineated wellhead protection
area, unless a written waiver by the department is obtained. The department
shall use the provisions for alternative requirements under s.
NR 811.03 in acting on requests for waivers.
f. Within 250 feet of a private water supply
well, unless a written waiver by the department is obtained. The department
shall use the provisions for obtaining a variance under s.
NR 812.43 in acting on requests for waivers.
g. Within 500 feet of any residence, unless
written consent is obtained from the resident.
h. Within 500 feet of buildings housing
domestic livestock, unless written consent is obtained from the owner of the
livestock.
i. Within 25 feet of any
boundary of the property on which the landspreading facility is located if
there are no residences within 500 feet of that boundary, unless written
consent from the adjoining property owner in obtained.
j. Within 200 feet of any boundary of the
property if there is a residence within 500 feet of that boundary, unless
written consent is obtained from the resident.
k. On land where the ground surface is
located less than 5 feet above the seasonal high groundwater table or bedrock
if the mean permeability in the uppermost 5 feet of soil is equal to or less
than 6 inches per hour or on land where the ground surface is located less than
10 feet above the seasonal high groundwater table or bedrock if the mean
permeability in the uppermost 5 feet of soil is greater than 6 inches per hour.
Mean permeability shall be the weighted average determined by summing the
products of the permeability of a each layer of soil in the uppermost 5 feet of
soil times the thickness of that layer, in feet, and dividing by 5 feet. Where
the permeability of a layer of soil is stated as a range, the midpoint of the
range shall be used to calculate the mean permeability.
L. On any land where the surface slope
exceeds 6%.
(d)
Operation plan.
1. Except as provided in subd. 4.,
single-application landspreading of excavated contaminated soil may be
conducted at a facility that has been approved under par. (c) without
additional department approval if the responsible party, or an agent or
contractor, submits an operation plan to the department at least 10 days, but
not more than 70 days, prior to the start of the operation, and complies with
the operation standards in subd. 3., unless the department issues a written
objection. The operation plan for a single-application landspreading facility
shall contain the following information:
a.
Results of the waste characterization required under par. (b) 1.
b. A certification that the responsible
party, their agent or contractor will comply with the operational requirements
of subd. 2. and a description of how the requirements will be complied
with.
c. A list of the persons
notified under this paragraph and clerks notified under par. (c) 1., or the
addresses to which the notices were delivered.
2. The responsible party, or an agent or
contractor, shall give written notice that landspreading of contaminated soil
will occur. This notification shall include the location of the landspreading
facility, the name, address and telephone number of a contact person for the
landspreading facility, a description of the type of contamination in the soil
and the anticipated dates and times that the landspreading will occur. This
notification shall occur at least 10 days, but not more than 70 days, prior to
commencing operation, and shall be mailed or delivered to the following
persons:
a. The clerks of the county and the
city, village or town where the facility is located.
b. All owners, tenants and occupants of
residences within 1,000 feet of the landspreading facility.
3. Any person operating a
single-application landspreading facility shall comply with the following
operation standards:
a. Except as proved in
subd. 3. b., only one single-application landspreading facility may be operated
at any one time on all contiguous property owned by the same entity. A
landspreading facility shall be considered in operation from the time that
contaminated soil is first placed on the facility until such time that the
requirements in par. (e) have been met.
b. Notwithstanding subd. 3. a., where
contiguous property owned by the same entity is larger than 40 acres, the
number of single-application landspreading facilities allowed to be operating
on that property shall be determined by dividing the total number of acres of
the property by 40 and rounding up to the nearest whole number.
c. Contaminated soil shall be evenly spread
over the landspreading area and incorporated into the native soil by plowing,
disking or similar operations within 72 hours of landspreading. Each batch of
contaminated soils shall be incorporated within 72 hours from when that batch
was first spread. Except for incorporation, all spreading, loading, unloading
and storage of petroleum contaminated soils shall cease no later than one hour
prior to sunset.
d. The excavated
contaminated soil may not be landspread when frozen, landspread on frozen
ground or landspread under any other conditions that would make incorporation
into the native soils impractical.
e. The spreading thickness of contaminated
soil may not exceed 4 inches.
f.
Contaminated soil to be landspread may not contain free product.
g. Debris including pieces of plastic,
bricks, metal, and wood shall be removed from the contaminated soil prior to
landspreading and shall be properly disposed of in accordance with chs.
NR 500 to
538.
h. The maximum total organic compound
contaminant landspreading rate may not exceed 3000 pounds per acre.
i. The total volatile organic compound
contaminants and benzene landspread at the landspreading facility may not
exceed the limit in s.
NR 419.07(4) (e).
j. The maximum one time and cumulative
application rates of cadmium and other heavy metal shall be in accordance with
s.
NR 518.07(1) (d).
k. Contaminated soil to be landspread shall
be stored in accordance with s.
NR 718.05.
L.
The landspreading facility shall be seeded as soon as practicable, but not
later than within 7 days after completion of all application of the
contaminated soil at the facility if the soil was applied prior to October 15
of any year. If application was completed after October 15, the facility shall
be seeded as soon as practicable the following year, but not later than June
30. The department may grant a written waiver of these seeding requirements
upon demonstration by the applicant that they are unable to comply with them
due to adverse weather conditions.
m. The landspreading facility may not be
seeded with a crop intended for human consumption prior to submittal of a
treatment verification report which indicates that the contaminants have been
reduced to comply with the residual contaminant levels determined in accordance
with the provisions of ch. NR 720.
n. Erosion control shall be conducted as
necessary.
o. Signs shall be posted
at any access points to the facility in accordance with s.
NR 714.07(4). The boundaries of the
landspreading facility shall be marked and maintained until facility
closure.
4. If
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are detected in the waste
characterization required under in par. (b) 1., responsible parties, or their
agents or contractors, may landspread excavated contaminated soil only if they
obtain a written approval of their operation plan from the department. The
department shall notify the applicant, within 15 business days after receipt of
the operation plan, if the plan is incomplete. The department shall approve of
the operation plan if the plan satisfies the requirements of this paragraph and
the levels of PAHs in the contaminated soils meet the criteria for residual
contaminant levels specific to a site or facility under ch. NR 720. The
department shall approve or disapprove of an application for an operation plan
approval within 30 business days after receipt of a complete plan.
(e)
Treatment
Verification.
1. `Sampling.' The
responsible party, their agent or contractor or the operator of a
single-application landspreading facility shall submit to the department the
results of a soil sampling program at the landspreading facility, to verify
that all contaminants detected through the waste characterization under par.
(b) 1. have been reduced to meet the residual contaminant levels specified in
ch. NR 720. Samples shall be obtained from one location per every 100 yards of
soil landspread. These sampling locations shall be evenly distributed over the
landspreading facility. If less than 100 yards of soil is landspread, samples
shall be collected from 2 sampling locations. At each sampling location 2
samples shall be obtained, one from the treatment zone and one obtained from 2
to 3 feet below the ground surface.
2. `Sample analysis.' The samples shall be
analyzed as follows:
a. If 20 or less samples
are required under subd. 1., all samples shall be analyzed for all contaminants
identified through the waste characterization under par. (b) 1. that exceeded
the residual contaminant levels in ch. NR 720.
b. If more than 20 samples are required under
subd. 1., the responsible party or agent may use field screening to reduce the
number of samples to be analyzed. If the samples are screened in the field to
determine relative VOC concentration, only 50% of the samples required to be
taken or 20 samples, whichever is greater, need to be analyzed. The samples
that are sent for analysis shall be those that showed the greatest
contamination during the field screening, except that at least 25% of the
samples sent for analysis shall be those samples obtained from 2 to 3 feet
below the ground surface. Samples shall be analyzed for all contaminants
identified through the waste characterization under par. (b) that exceeded the
residual contaminant levels in ch. NR 720.
3. `Sampling frequency.' Sampling shall be
done within 18 months after landspreading commenced on the facility. If
sampling results show that any contaminants still exceed the residual
contaminant levels in ch. NR 720, additional sampling shall be done at least
annually at all sample locations at which the levels were exceeded. The samples
shall be analyzed for the contaminants which exceeded the residual contaminant
levels in ch. NR 720 in the previous round of sampling. The department may
waive the requirement to sample within the first year upon the request of the
responsible party, their agent or contractor, or the operator of the
landspreading facility, if it is apparent that the site does not yet meet
residual contaminant levels as determined in accordance with the provisions of
ch. NR 720 and the sampling will serve no useful purpose.
4. `Incomplete treatment.' If complete
treatment of the contaminants which have been landspread has not been
demonstrated to the department within 3 years after the contaminated soil was
landspread, the responsible party, their agent or contractor shall submit a
plan signed by a professional engineer to the department detailing the actions
that they will take to enhance the treatment of the contaminants which still
exceed the residual contaminant levels in ch. NR 720. This plan shall be
submitted within 60 days after the end of the 3-year period and shall assure
that cleanup is completed within 2 years. The department shall approve this
plan, extending the landspreading treatment period for up to 2 years, if the
plan demonstrates to the department that applicable soil cleanup standards will
be met within that period of time. The department may require at any time
groundwater monitoring to determine whether or not the landspread contaminants
are impacting groundwater. At any time that the facility does not appear to be
remediating or if it still does not meet cleanup standards after 5 years of
treatment, the department may require that additional measures be taken to
remediate the site or require the recording of a deed notice at the register of
deeds office in the county where the facility is located that gives notice of
the existence of the solid waste landspreading facility in compliance with s.
NR 518.10.
5.
`Treatment verification report.' Responsible parties shall submit a treatment
verification report to the department within 60 days after successful treatment
of the contaminated soil. The report shall contain the results of sampling
conducted under this paragraph.
(9)OTHER TYPES OF TREATMENT. Responsible parties shall obtain approval from the department before implementing any type of treatment for excavated contaminated soil other than the types of treatment described in subs. (5) to (8). An application for approval shall include the information required in ch. NR 724 and any other information required by the department.
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