Current through August 26, 2024
(1) GENERAL. The
owner or operator shall comply with the metals standards provided by subs. (2),
(3), (4), (5), or (6) for each metal listed in sub. (2) that is present in the
hazardous waste at detectable levels by using appropriate analytical
procedures.
(2) TIER I FEED RATE
SCREENING LIMITS. Feed rate screening limits for metals are specified in ch. NR
666 Appendix I as a function of terrain-adjusted effective stack height and
terrain and land use in the vicinity of the facility. Criteria for facilities
that are not eligible to comply with the screening limits are provided in par.
(g).
(a)
Noncarcinogenic
metals. The feed rates of antimony, barium, lead, mercury, thallium
and silver in all feed streams, including hazardous waste, fuels, and
industrial furnace feed stocks may not exceed the screening limits specified in
ch. NR 666 Appendix I.
1. The feed rate
screening limits for antimony, barium, mercury, thallium and silver are based
on either of the following:
a. An hourly
rolling average as defined in s.
NR 666.102(5) (f)
1. b.
b. An instantaneous limit not to be exceeded
at any time.
2. The feed
rate screening limit for lead is based on one of the following:
a. An hourly rolling average as defined in s.
NR 666.102(5) (f)
1. b.
b. An averaging period of 2 to 24 hours as
defined in s.
NR 666.102(5) (f)
2. with an instantaneous feed rate limit not
to exceed 10 times the feed rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling
average basis.
c. An instantaneous
limit not to be exceeded at any time.
(b)
Carcinogenic metals.
1. The feed rates of arsenic, cadmium,
beryllium and chromium in all feed streams, including hazardous waste, fuels,
and industrial furnace feed stocks may not exceed values derived from the
screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I. The feed rate of each of
these metals is limited to a level such that the sum of the ratios of the
actual feed rate to the feed rate screening limit specified in ch. NR 666
Appendix I may not exceed 1.0, as provided by the following equation:
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where:
n = number of carcinogenic metals
AFR = actual feed rate to the device for metal "i"
FRSL = feed rate screening limit provided by ch. NR 666
Appendix I for metal "i"
2.
The feed rate screening limits for the carcinogenic metals are based on either
of the following:
a. An hourly rolling
average.
b. An averaging period of
2 to 24 hours as defined in s.
NR 666.102(5) (f)
2. with an instantaneous feed rate limit not
to exceed 10 times the feed rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling
average basis.
(c)
TESH.
1. The terrain-adjusted effective stack
height is determined according to the following equation:
TESH = Ha+H1-Tr
where:
Ha = Actual physical stack height
H1 = Plume rise as determined from ch. NR 666 Appendix VI
as a function of stack flow rate and stack gas exhaust temperature
Tr = Terrain rise within 5 kilometers of the
stack
2. The stack height
(Ha) may not exceed good engineering practice as specified in
40
CFR 51.100(ii).
3. If the TESH for a particular facility is
not listed in the table in the appendices, the nearest lower TESH listed in the
table shall be used. If the TESH is 4 meters or less, a value of 4 meters shall
be used.
(d)
Terrain type. The screening limits are a function of whether
the facility is located in noncomplex or complex terrain. A device located
where any part of the surrounding terrain within 5 kilometers of the stack
equals or exceeds the elevation of the physical stack height (Ha) is considered
to be in complex terrain and the screening limits for complex terrain apply.
Terrain measurements are to be made from U.S. geological survey 7.5-minute
topographic maps of the area surrounding the facility.
(e)
Land use. The screening
limits are a function of whether the facility is located in an area where the
land use is urban or rural. To determine whether land use in the vicinity of
the facility is urban or rural, procedures provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX
shall be used.
(f)
Multiple
stacks. Owners and operators of facilities with more than one on-site
stack from a boiler, industrial furnace, incinerator or other thermal treatment
unit subject to controls of metals emissions under an operating license or
interim license shall comply with the screening limits for all such units
assuming all hazardous waste is fed into the device with the worst-case stack
based on dispersion characteristics. The worst-case stack is determined from
the following equation as applied to each stack:
K = HVT
where:
K = a parameter accounting for relative influence of stack
height and plume rise
H = physical stack height (meters)
V = stack gas flow rate (m 3/second)
T = exhaust temperature (°K)
The stack with the lowest value of K is the worst-case
stack.
(g)
Criteria
for facilities not eligible for screening limits. If any of the
following criteria are met, the Tier I and Tier II screening limits do not
apply. Owners and operators of such facilities shall comply with either the
Tier III standards provided by sub. (4) or with the adjusted Tier I feed rate
screening limits provided by sub. (5).
1. The
device is located in a narrow valley less than one kilometer wide.
2. The device has a stack taller than 20
meters and is located such that the terrain rises to the physical height within
one kilometer of the facility.
3.
The device has a stack taller than 20 meters and is located within 5 kilometers
of a shoreline of a large body of water such as an ocean or large
lake.
4. The physical stack height
of any stack is less than 2.5 times the height of any building within 5
building heights or 5 projected building widths of the stack and the distance
from the stack to the closest boundary is within 5 building heights or 5
projected building widths of the associated building.
5. The department determines that standards
based on site-specific dispersion modeling are required.
(h)
Implementation. The feed
rate of metals in each feedstream shall be monitored to ensure that the feed
rate screening limits are not exceeded.
(3) TIER II EMISSION RATE SCREENING LIMITS.
Emission rate screening limits are specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I as a
function of terrain-adjusted effective stack height and terrain and land use in
the vicinity of the facility. Criteria for facilities that are not eligible to
comply with the screening limits are provided in sub. (2) (g).
(a)
Noncarcinogenic metals.
The emission rates of antimony, barium, lead, mercury, thallium and silver may
not exceed the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I.
(b)
Carcinogenic metals. The
emission rates of arsenic, cadmium, beryllium and chromium may not exceed
values derived from the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I.
The emission rate of each of these metals is limited to a level such that the
sum of the ratios of the actual emission rate to the emission rate screening
limit specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I may not exceed 1.0, as provided by the
following equation:
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where:
n = number of carcinogenic metals
AER = actual emission rate for metal "i"
ERSL = emission rate screening limit provided by ch. NR 666
Appendix I for metal "i"
(c)
Implementation. The emission rate limits shall be implemented
by limiting feed rates of the individual metals to levels during the trial burn
(for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for a license) or
the compliance test (for interim license facilities). The feed rate averaging
periods are the same as provided by sub. (2) (a) 1. and 2. and (b) 2. The feed
rate of metals in each feedstream shall be monitored to ensure that the feed
rate limits for the feedstreams specified under s.
NR 666.102 or 666.103 are not exceeded.
(d)
Definitions and
limitations. The definitions and limitations provided by sub. (2) for
the following terms also apply to the Tier II emission rate screening limits
provided by this subsection: terrain-adjusted effective stack height, good
engineering practice stack height, terrain type, land use and criteria for
facilities not eligible to use the screening limits.
(e)
Multiple stacks.
1. Owners and operators of facilities with
more than one onsite stack from a boiler, industrial furnace, incinerator or
other thermal treatment unit subject to controls on metals emissions under an
operating license or interim license shall comply with the emissions screening
limits for any such stacks assuming all hazardous waste is fed into the device
with the worst-case stack based on dispersion characteristics.
2. The worst-case stack is determined by
procedures provided in sub. (2) (f).
3. For each metal, the total emissions of the
metal from those stacks may not exceed the screening limit for the worst-case
stack.
(4)
TIER III AND ADJUSTED TIER I SITE-SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT. The requirements of
this subsection apply to facilities complying with either the Tier III or
adjusted Tier I controls, except where specified otherwise.
(a)
General. Conformance
with the Tier III metals controls shall be demonstrated by emissions testing to
determine the emission rate for each metal. In addition, conformance with
either the Tier III or adjusted Tier I metals controls shall be demonstrated by
air dispersion modeling to predict the maximum annual average off-site ground
level concentration for each dispersion modeling to predict the maximum annual
average off-site ground level concentration for each metal, and a demonstration
that acceptable ambient levels are not exceeded.
(b)
Acceptable ambient
levels. Chapter NR 666 Appendix IV and ch. NR 666 Appendix V list the
acceptable ambient levels for purposes of this rule. Reference air
concentrations (RACs) are listed for the noncarcinogenic metals and 10 -5
risk-specific doses (RSDs) are listed for the carcinogenic metals. The RSD for
a metal is the acceptable ambient level for that metal if only one of the 4
carcinogenic metals is emitted. If more than one carcinogenic metal is emitted,
the acceptable ambient level for the carcinogenic metals is a fraction of the
RSD as described in par. (c).
(c)
Carcinogenic metals. For the carcinogenic metals, arsenic,
cadmium, beryllium and chromium, the sum of the ratios of the predicted maximum
annual average off-site ground level concentrations (except that on-site
concentrations shall be considered if a person resides on site) to the
risk-specific dose (RSD) for all carcinogenic metals emitted may not exceed 1.0
as determined by the following equation:
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where:
n = number of carcinogenic metals
(d)
Noncarcinogenic metals.
For the noncarcinogenic metals, the predicted maximum annual average off-site
ground level concentration for each metal may not exceed the reference air
concentration (RAC).
(e)
Multiple stacks. Owners and operators of facilities with more
than one on-site stack from a boiler, industrial furnace, incinerator or other
thermal treatment unit subject to controls on metals emissions under an
operating license or interim license shall conduct emissions testing (except
that facilities complying with adjusted Tier I controls need not conduct
emissions testing) and dispersion modeling to demonstrate that the aggregate
emissions from all such on-site stacks do not result in an exceedance of the
acceptable ambient levels.
(f)
Implementation. Under Tier III, the metals controls shall be
implemented by limiting feed rates of the individual metals to levels during
the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for
an operating license) or the compliance test (for interim license facilities).
The feed rate averaging periods are the same as provided by sub. (2) (a) 1. and
2. and (b) 2. The feed rate of metals in each feedstream shall be monitored to
ensure that the feed rate limits for the feedstreams specified under s.
NR 666.102 or 666.103 are not exceeded.
(5) ADJUSTED TIER 1 FEED RATE
SCREENING LIMITS. The owner or operator may adjust the feed rate screening
limits provided by ch. NR 666 Appendix I to account for site-specific
dispersion modeling. Under this approach, the adjusted feed rate screening
limit for a metal is determined by back-calculating from the acceptable ambient
level provided by ch. NR 666 Appendix IV and ch. NR 666 Appendix V using
dispersion modeling to determine the maximum allowable emission rate. This
emission rate becomes the adjusted Tier I feed rate screening limit. The feed
rate screening limits for carcinogenic metals are implemented as prescribed in
sub. (2) (b).
(6) ALTERNATIVE
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES.
(a) The department
may approve on a case-by-case basis approaches to implement the Tier II or Tier
III metals emission limits provided by sub. (3) or (4) alternative to
monitoring the feed rate of metals in each feedstream.
(b) The emission limits provided by sub. (4)
shall be determined as follows:
1. For each
noncarcinogenic metal, by back-calculating from the RAC provided in ch. NR 666
Appendix IV to determine the allowable emission rate for each metal using the
dilution factor for the maximum annual average ground level concentration
predicted by dispersion modeling in conformance with sub. (8).
2. For each carcinogenic metal by all of the
following:
a. Back-calculating from the RSD
provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix V to determine the allowable emission rate for
each metal if that metal were the only carcinogenic metal emitted using the
dilution factor for the maximum annual average ground level concentration
predicted by dispersion modeling in conformance with sub. (8).
b. If more than one carcinogenic metal is
emitted, selecting an emission limit for each carcinogenic metal not to exceed
the emission rate determined by subd. 2. a. such that the sum for all
carcinogenic metals of the ratios of the selected emission limit to the
emission rate determined by subd. 2. a. does not exceed 1.0.
(7) EMISSION
TESTING.
(a)
General.
Emission testing for metals shall be conducted using Method 0060,
Determinations of Metals in Stack Emissions, EPA SW-846, as incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 660.11.
(b)
Hexavalent chromium.
Emissions of chromium are assumed to be hexavalent chromium unless the owner or
operator conducts emissions testing to determine hexavalent chromium emissions
using procedures prescribed in Method 0061, Determination of Hexavalent
Chromium Emissions from Stationary Sources, EPA SW-846, as incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 660.11.
(8) DISPERSION MODELING. Dispersion modeling
required under this section shall be conducted according to methods recommended
in Appendix W of 40 CFR part 51 ("Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised)"
(1986) and its supplements, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11), the "Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality
Screening Procedure", provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX, or in Screening
Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources,
Revised, EPA-450/R-92-019, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, to predict the maximum annual average off-site
ground level concentration. However, on-site concentrations shall be considered
when a person resides on-site.
(9)
ENFORCEMENT. For the purposes of license enforcement, compliance with the
operating requirements specified in the license (under s.
NR 666.102) shall be regarded as compliance with this
section. However, evidence that compliance with those license conditions is
insufficient to ensure compliance with this section may be information
justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a license under s.
NR 670.041.
