Current through August 26, 2024
(1) DRE STANDARD.
(a)
General. Except as
provided in par. (c), a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste
shall achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for all
organic hazardous constituents in the waste feed. To demonstrate conformance
with this requirement, 99.99% DRE shall be demonstrated during a trial burn for
each principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) designated (under par. (b))
in its license for each waste feed. DRE is determined for each POHC from the
following equation:
where:
Win = Mass feed rate of one principal organic hazardous
constituent (POHC) in the hazardous waste fired to the boiler or industrial
furnace
Wout = Mass emission rate of the same POHC present in stack
gas prior to release to the atmosphere
(b)
Designation of POHCs.
Principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) are those compounds for which
compliance with the DRE requirements shall be demonstrated in a trial burn in
conformance with procedures prescribed in s.
NR 670.066. One or more POHCs shall be designated by the
department for each waste feed to be burned. POHCs shall be designated based on
the degree of difficulty of destruction of the organic constituents in the
waste and on their concentrations or mass in the waste feed considering the
results of waste analyses submitted with the feasibility and plan of operation
report. POHCs are most likely to be selected from among those compounds listed
in ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII that are also present in the normal waste feed.
However, if the applicant demonstrates to the department's satisfaction in
writing that a compound not listed in ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII or not present
in the normal waste feed is a suitable indicator of compliance with the DRE
requirements, that compound may be designated as a POHC. Such POHCs need not be
toxic or organic compounds.
(c)
Dioxin-listed waste. A boiler or industrial furnace burning
hazardous waste containing (or derived from) EPA hazardous waste numbers F020,
F021, F022, F023, F026 or F027 shall achieve a destruction and removal
efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% for each POHC designated (under par. (b)) in its
license. This performance shall be demonstrated on POHCs that are more
difficult to burn than tetra-, penta- and
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is
determined for each POHC from the equation in par. (a). In addition, the owner
or operator of the boiler or industrial furnace shall notify the department of
intent to burn EPA hazardous waste numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026 or
F027.
(d)
Automatic waiver
of DRE trial burn. Owners and operators of boilers operated under the
special operating requirements provided by s.
NR 666.110 are considered to be in compliance with the
DRE standard of par. (a) and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.
(e)
Low risk waste. Owners
and operators of boilers or industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste in
compliance with s.
NR 666.109(1) are considered to be in
compliance with the DRE standard of par. (a) and are exempt from the DRE trial
burn.
(2) CARBON
MONOXIDE STANDARD.
(a) Except as provided in
sub. (3), the stack gas concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a boiler or
industrial furnace burning hazardous waste cannot exceed 100 ppmv on an hourly
rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period), continuously corrected
to 7% oxygen, dry gas basis.
(b) CO
and oxygen shall be continuously monitored in conformance with "Performance
Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen
for Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in
ch. NR 666 Appendix IX.
(c)
Compliance with the 100 ppmv CO limit shall be demonstrated during the trial
burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for an
operating license) or the compliance test (for interim license facilities). To
demonstrate compliance, the highest hourly rolling average CO level during any
valid run of the trial burn or compliance test may not exceed 100
ppmv.
(3) ALTERNATIVE
CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARD.
(a) The stack gas
concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a boiler or industrial furnace
burning hazardous waste may exceed the 100 ppmv limit if stack gas
concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed 20 ppmv, except as provided
by sub. (6) for certain industrial furnaces.
(b) HC limits shall be established under this
section on an hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period),
reported as propane, and continuously corrected to 7% oxygen, dry gas
basis.
(c) HC shall be continuously
monitored in conformance with "Performance Specifications for Continuous
Emission Monitoring of Hydrocarbons for Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial
Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX. CO and oxygen
shall be continuously monitored in conformance with sub. (2) (b).
(d) The alternative CO standard is
established based on CO data during the trial burn (for a new facility) and the
compliance test (for an interim license facility). The alternative CO standard
is the average over all valid runs of the highest hourly average CO level for
each run. The CO limit is implemented on an hourly rolling average basis, and
continuously corrected to 7% oxygen, dry gas basis.
(4) SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FURNACES. Owners
and operators of industrial furnaces (e.g., kilns, cupolas) that feed hazardous
waste for a purpose other than solely as an ingredient (see s.
NR 666.103(1) (e) 2.) at any location
other than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are
normally fired shall comply with the hydrocarbon limits provided by sub. (3) or
(6) irrespective of whether stack gas CO concentrations meet the 100 ppmv limit
of sub. (2).
(5) CONTROLS FOR
DIOXINS AND FURANS. Owners and operators of boilers and industrial furnaces
that are equipped with a dry particulate matter control device that operates
within the temperature range of 450 to 750 °F, and industrial furnaces
operating under an alternative hydrocarbon limit established under sub. (6)
shall conduct a site-specific risk assessment as follows to demonstrate that
emissions of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans do not result in
an increased lifetime cancer risk to the hypothetical maximum exposed
individual (MEI) exceeding 1 in 100,000:
(a)
During the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility
applying for an operating license) or compliance test (for interim license
facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa congeners of
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using Method 0023A,
Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated
Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources, EPA SW-846, as incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 660.11.
(b) Estimate the 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity
equivalence of the tetra-octa CDDs/CDFs congeners using "Procedures for
Estimating the Toxicity Equivalence of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and
Dibenzofuran Congeners" in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX. Multiply the emission rates
of CDD/CDF congeners with a toxicity equivalence greater than 0 (see the
procedure) by the calculated toxicity equivalence factor to estimate the
equivalent emission rate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
(c) Conduct dispersion modeling using methods
recommended in Appendix W of 40 CFR part 51 ("Guideline on Air Quality Models
(Revised)" (1986) and its supplements, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11), the "Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality
Screening Procedure", provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX, or in Screening
Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources,
Revised, EPA-450/R-92-019, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, to predict the maximum annual average off-site
ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined under par.
(b). The maximum annual average concentration shall be used when a person
resides on-site.
(d) The ratio of
the predicted maximum annual average ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
equivalents to the risk-specific dose for 2,3,7,8-TCDD provided in ch. NR 666
Appendix V (2.2 X 10-7) may not exceed 1.0.
(6) MONITORING CO AND HC IN THE BY-PASS DUCT
OF A CEMENT KILN. Cement kilns may comply with the carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbon limits provided by subs. (2), (3) and (4) by monitoring in the
by-pass duct if both of the following conditions are met:
(a) Hazardous waste is fired only into the
kiln and not at any location downstream from the kiln exit relative to the
direction of gas flow.
(b) The
by-pass duct diverts a minimum of 10% of kiln off-gas into the duct.
(7) USE OF EMISSIONS TEST DATA TO
DEMONSTRATE COMPLIANCE AND ESTABLISH OPERATING LIMITS. Compliance with this
section shall be demonstrated simultaneously by emissions testing or during
separate runs under identical operating conditions. Further, data to
demonstrate compliance with the CO and HC limits of this section or to
establish alternative CO or HC limits under this section shall be obtained
during the time that DRE testing, and where applicable, CDD/CDF testing under
sub. (5) and comprehensive organic emissions testing under sub. (6) is
conducted.
(8) ENFORCEMENT. For the
purposes of license enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements
specified in the license (under s.
NR 666.102) shall be regarded as compliance with this
section. However, evidence that compliance with those license conditions is
insufficient to ensure compliance with this section may be information
justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a license under s.
NR 670.041.
