Current through August 26, 2024
(1) A waste pile
(except for an existing portion of a waste pile) shall have both of the
following:
(a) A liner that is designed,
constructed and installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of the pile
into the adjacent subsurface soil or groundwater or surface water at any time
during the active life (including the closure period) of the waste pile. The
liner may be constructed of materials that may allow waste to migrate into the
liner itself (but not into the adjacent subsurface soil or groundwater or
surface water) during the active life of the facility. The liner shall be all
of the following:
1. Constructed of materials
that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness
to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and
external hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to
which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation and the
stress of daily operation.
2.
Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and
resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure
of the liner due to settlement, compression or uplift.
3. Installed to cover all surrounding earth
likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate.
(b) A leachate collection and removal system
immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained and
operated to collect and remove leachate from the pile. The department shall
specify design and operating conditions in the operating license to ensure that
the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The
leachate collection and removal system shall be both of the following:
1. Constructed of materials that are both of
the following:
a. Chemically resistant to the
waste managed in the pile and the leachate expected to be generated.
b. Of sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlaying wastes, waste cover
materials and any equipment used at the pile.
2. Designed and operated to function without
clogging through the scheduled closure of the waste pile.
(2) The owner or operator will be
exempted from the requirements of sub. (1), if the department finds, based on a
demonstration by the owner or operator, that alternate design and operating
practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration
of any hazardous constituents (see s.
NR 664.0093) into the groundwater or surface water at
any future time. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will
consider all of the following:
(a) The nature
and quantity of the wastes.
(b) The
proposed alternate design and operation.
(c) The hydrogeologic setting of the
facility, including attenuative capacity and thickness of the liners and soils
present between the pile and groundwater or surface water.
(d) All other factors which would influence
the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and the potential for it to
migrate to groundwater or surface water.
(3) The owner or operator of each new waste
pile unit, each lateral expansion of a waste pile unit, and each replacement of
an existing waste pile unit shall install 2 or more liners and a leachate
collection and removal system above and between the liners.
(a)
1. The
liner system shall include both of the following:
a. A top liner designed and constructed of
materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of hazardous
constituents into the liner during the active life and long-term care
period.
b. A composite bottom
liner, consisting of at least 2 components. The upper component shall be
designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the
migration of hazardous constituents into this component during the active life
and long-term care period. The lower component shall be designed and
constructed of materials to minimize the migration of hazardous constituents if
a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component shall be
constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a
hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1X10 -7 cm/sec.
2. The liners shall comply with sub. (1) (a)
1., 2. and 3.
(b) The
leachate collection and removal system immediately above the top liner shall be
designed, constructed, operated and maintained to collect and remove leachate
from the waste pile during the active life and long-term care period. The
department will specify design and operating conditions in the operating
license to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30 cm
(one foot). The leachate collection and removal system shall comply with par.
(c) 3. and 4.
(c) The leachate
collection and removal system between the liners, and immediately above the
bottom composite liner in the case of multiple leachate collection and removal
systems, is also a leak detection system. This leak detection system shall be
capable of detecting, collecting and removing leaks of hazardous constituents
at the earliest practicable time through all areas of the top liner likely to
be exposed to waste or leachate during the active life and long-term care
period. The requirements for a leak detection system in this subsection are
satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a minimum, all of the
following:
1. Constructed with a bottom slope
of 1% or more.
2. Constructed of
granular drainage materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1X10 -2 cm/sec or
more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed of
synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of 3X10
-5 m
2/sec or more.
3. Constructed of materials that are
chemically resistant to the waste managed in the waste pile and the leachate
expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent
collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover materials
and equipment used at the waste pile.
4. Designed and operated to minimize clogging
during the active life and long-term care period.
5. Constructed with sumps and liquid removal
methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the
sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit
shall have its own sump. The design of each sump and removal system shall
provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in
the sump and of liquids removed.
(d) The owner or operator shall collect and
remove pumpable liquids in the leak detection system sumps to minimize the head
on the bottom liner.
(e) The owner
or operator of a leak detection system that is not located completely above the
seasonal high water table shall demonstrate that the operation of the leak
detection system will not be adversely affected by the presence of
groundwater.
(4) The
department may approve alternative design or operating practices to those
specified in sub. (3) if the owner or operator demonstrates to the department
that the design and operating practices, together with location
characteristics, will do both of the following:
(a) Prevent the migration of any hazardous
constituent into the groundwater or surface water at least as effectively as
the liners and leachate collection and removal systems specified in sub.
(3).
(b) Allow detection of leaks
of hazardous constituents through the top liner at least as
effectively.
(5)
Subsection (3) does not apply to monofills that are granted a waiver by the
department in accordance with s.
NR 664.0221(5).
(6) The owner or operator of any replacement
waste pile unit is exempt from sub. (3) if both of the following apply:
(a) The existing unit was constructed in
compliance with the design standards of
42
USC 6924(o)(1)(A)(i) and
(5).
(b) There is no reason to believe that the
liner is not functioning as designed.
(7) The owner or operator shall design,
construct, operate and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing
flow onto the active portion of the pile during peak discharge from at least a
25-year storm.
(8) The owner or
operator shall design, construct, operate and maintain a run-off management
system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a
24-hour, 25-year storm.
(9)
Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with
run-on and run-off control systems shall be emptied or otherwise managed
expeditiously after storms to maintain design capacity of the system.
(10) If the pile contains any particulate
matter which may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator shall
cover or otherwise manage the pile to control wind dispersal.
(11) The department shall specify in the
operating license all design and operating practices that are necessary to
ensure that the requirements of this section are satisfied.
