Current through August 26, 2024
(1)
(a) Owners or operators of closed-vent
systems and control devices used to comply with provisions of this chapter
shall comply with this section.
(b)
1. The owner or operator of an existing
facility who cannot install a closed-vent system and control device to comply
with this subchapter on the effective date that the facility becomes subject to
this subchapter shall prepare an implementation schedule that includes dates by
which the closed-vent system and control device will be installed and in
operation. The controls shall be installed as soon as possible, but the
implementation schedule may allow up to 30 months after the effective date that
the facility becomes subject to this subchapter for installation and
startup.
2. Any unit that begins
operation after June 1, 1995, and is subject to this subchapter when operation
begins, shall comply with the rules immediately (i.e., shall have control
devices installed and operating on startup of the affected unit; the 30-month
implementation schedule does not apply).
3. The owner or operator of any facility in
existence on the effective date of a department rule amendment that renders the
facility subject to this subchapter shall comply with this subchapter as soon
as practicable but no later than 30 months after the amendment's effective
date. When control equipment required by this subchapter cannot be installed
and begin operation by the effective date of the amendment, the facility owner
or operator shall prepare an implementation schedule that includes specific
calendar dates for award of contracts or issuance of purchase orders for the
control equipment, initiation of on-site installation of the control equipment,
completion of the control equipment installation and performance of any testing
to demonstrate that the installed equipment meets the applicable standards of
this subchapter. The owner or operator shall enter the implementation schedule
in the operating record or in a permanent, readily available file located at
the facility.
4. Owners and
operators of facilities and units that become newly subject to the requirements
of this subchapter after August 1, 2006, due to an action other than those
described in subd. 3. shall comply with all applicable requirements immediately
(i.e., shall have control devices installed and operating on the date the
facility or unit becomes subject to this subchapter; the 30-month
implementation schedule does not apply).
(2) Design and operate a control device
involving vapor recovery (e.g., a condenser or adsorber) to recover the organic
vapors vented to it with an efficiency of 95 weight percent or greater unless
the total organic emission limits of s.
NR 664.1032(1)
(a) for all affected process vents can be
attained at an efficiency less than 95 weight percent.
(3) Design and operate an enclosed combustion
device (e.g., a vapor incinerator, boiler or process heater) to reduce the
organic emissions vented to it by 95 weight percent or greater; to achieve a
total organic compound concentration of 20 ppmv, expressed as the sum of the
actual compounds, not carbon equivalents, on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent
oxygen; or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum
temperature of 760°C. If a boiler or process heater is used as the control
device, introduce the vent stream into the flame zone of the boiler or process
heater.
(4)
(a) A flare shall be designed for and
operated with no visible emissions as determined by the methods specified in
sub. (5) (a), except for periods not to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any
2 consecutive hours.
(b) Operate a
flare with a flame present at all times, as determined by the methods specified
in sub. (6) (b) 3.
(c) Use a flare
only if the net heating value of the gas being combusted is 11.2 MJ/scm (300
Btu/scf) or greater if the flare is steam-assisted or air-assisted, or if the
net heating value of the gas being combusted is 7.45 MJ/scm (200 Btu/scf) or
greater if the flare is nonassisted. Determine the net heating value of the gas
being combusted by the methods specified in sub. (5) (b).
(d)
1.
Design a steam-assisted or nonassisted flare for and operate it with an exit
velocity, determined by the methods specified in sub. (5) (c), less than 18.3
m/s (60 ft/s), except as provided in subds. 2. and 3.
2. A steam-assisted or nonassisted flare
designed for and operated with an exit velocity, determined by the methods
specified in sub. (5) (c), equal to or greater than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s) but less
than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is allowed if the net heating value of the gas being
combusted greater than 37.3 MJ/scm (1,000 Btu/scf).
3. A steam-assisted or nonassisted flare
designed for and operated with an exit velocity, determined by the methods
specified in sub. (5) (c), less than the velocity, Vmax, determined by the
method specified in sub. (5) (d) and less than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is
allowed.
(e) Design and
operate an air-assisted flare with an exit velocity less than the velocity,
Vmax, determined by the method specified in sub. (5)
(e).
(f) A flare used to comply
with this section shall be steam-assisted, air-assisted or
nonassisted.
(5)
(a) Use Method 22 in appendix A of 40 CFR
part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, to determine the compliance of a flare with
the visible emission provisions of this subchapter. Use an observation period
of 2 hours according to Method 22.
(b) Calculate the net heating value of the
gas being combusted in a flare using the following equation:
HT = Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm; where the net
enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on combustion at 25°C and 760 mm Hg,
but the standard temperature for determining the volume corresponding to 1 mol
is 20 °C
K = Constant, 1.74×-10-7 (1/ppm) (g mol/scm)
(MJ/kcal) where standard temperature for (g mol/scm) is 20°C
Ci = Concentration of sample component i in ppm on a wet
basis, measured for organics by Method 18 in appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 and
measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-82, both incorporated
by reference in s.
NR 660.11
Hi = Net heat of combustion of sample component i, kcal/9
mol at 25°C and 760 mm Hg. The heats of combustion may be determined using
ASTM D2382-83, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, if published values are not available or
cannot be calculated
(c)
Determine the actual exit velocity of a flare by dividing the volumetric flow
rate (in units of standard temperature and pressure), determined by Methods 2,
2A, 2C or 2D in appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, as appropriate, by the unobstructed (free)
cross-sectional area of the flare tip.
(d) Determine the maximum allowed velocity in
m/s, Vmax, for a flare complying with sub. (4) (d) 3. by the following
equation:
Log10 (Vmax)
(H T + 28 .8) / 31. 7
where:
28.8 = Constant
31.7 = Constant
HT = The net heating value determined in par. (b)
(e) Determine the maximum allowed
velocity in m/s, Vmax, for an air-assisted flare by the following equation:
Vmax = 8 .706 + 0 .7084 (H
T)
where:
8.706 = Constant
0.7084 = Constant
HT = The net heating value
determined in par. (b)
(6) The owner or operator shall monitor and
inspect each control device required to comply with this section to ensure
proper operation and maintenance of the control device by implementing all of
the following requirements:
(a) Install,
calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications
a flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow from each affected
process vent to the control device at least once every hour. Install the flow
indicator sensor in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the
control device inlet, but before the point at which the vent streams are
combined.
(b) Install, calibrate,
maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a device to
continuously monitor control device operation according to one of the
following:
1. For a thermal vapor
incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous
recorder. The device shall have an accuracy of ±1% of the temperature
being monitored in °C or ±0.5°C, whichever is greater. Install
the temperature sensor at a location in the combustion chamber downstream of
the combustion zone.
2. For a
catalytic vapor incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature at 2
locations and have an accuracy of ±1% of the temperature being monitored
in °C or ±0.5°C, whichever is greater. Install one temperature
sensor in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the catalyst bed
inlet and install a second temperature sensor in the vent stream at the nearest
feasible point to the catalyst bed outlet.
3. For a flare, a heat sensing monitoring
device equipped with a continuous recorder that indicates the continuous
ignition of the pilot flame.
4. For
a boiler or process heater having a design heat input capacity less than 44 MW,
a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device
shall have an accuracy of ±1% of the temperature being monitored in
°C or ±0.5°C, whichever is greater. Install the temperature
sensor at a location in the furnace downstream of the combustion
zone.
5. For a boiler or process
heater having a design heat input capacity greater than or equal to 44 MW, a
monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter or
parameters that indicates good combustion operating practices are being
used.
6. For a condenser, any of
the following:
a. A monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder to measure the concentration level of the organic
compounds in the exhaust vent stream from the condenser.
b. A temperature monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring
temperature with an accuracy of ±1% of the temperature being monitored
in °C or ±0.5°C, whichever is greater. Install the temperature
sensor at a location in the exhaust vent stream from the condenser exit (i.e.,
product side).
7. For a
carbon adsorption system that regenerates the carbon bed directly in the
control device such as a fixed-bed carbon adsorber, any of the following:
a. A monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder to measure the concentration level of the organic compounds
in the exhaust vent stream from the carbon bed.
b. A monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder to measure a parameter that indicates the carbon bed is
regenerated on a regular, predetermined time cycle.
(c) Inspect the readings from each
monitoring device required by pars. (a) and (b) at least once each operating
day to check control device operation and, if necessary, immediately implement
the corrective measures necessary to ensure the control device operates in
compliance with this section.
(7) An owner or operator using a carbon
adsorption system such as a fixed-bed carbon adsorber that regenerates the
carbon bed directly onsite in the control device shall replace the existing
carbon in the control device with fresh carbon at a regular, predetermined time
interval that is no longer than the carbon service life established as a
requirement of s.
NR 664.1035(2) (d)
3. f.
(8) An owner or operator using a carbon
adsorption system such as a carbon canister that does not regenerate the carbon
bed directly onsite in the control device shall replace the existing carbon in
the control device with fresh carbon on a regular basis using one of the
following procedures:
(a) Monitor the
concentration level of the organic compounds in the exhaust vent stream from
the carbon adsorption system on a regular schedule and replace the existing
carbon with fresh carbon immediately when carbon breakthrough is indicated. The
monitoring frequency shall be daily or at an interval no greater than 20% of
the time required to consume the total carbon working capacity established as a
requirement of s.
NR 664.1035(2) (d)
3. g., whichever is longer.
(b) Replace the existing carbon with fresh
carbon at a regular, predetermined time interval that is less than the design
carbon replacement interval established as a requirement of s.
NR 664.1035(2) (d)
3. g.
(9) An alternative operational or process
parameter may be monitored if it can be demonstrated that another parameter
will ensure that the control device is operated in conformance with these
standards and the control device's design specifications.
(10) An owner or operator of an affected
facility seeking to comply with this chapter by using a control device other
than a thermal vapor incinerator, catalytic vapor incinerator, flare, boiler,
process heater, condenser or carbon adsorption system shall develop
documentation including sufficient information to describe the control device
operation and identify the process parameter or parameters that indicate proper
operation and maintenance of the control device.
(11) A closed-vent system shall meet any of
the following design requirements:
(a) Design
a closed-vent system to operate with no detectable emissions, as indicated by
an instrument reading of less than 500 ppmv above background determined by the
procedure in s.
NR 664.1034(2), and by visual
inspections.
(b) Design a
closed-vent system to operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Equip
the system with at least one pressure gauge or other pressure measurement
device that can be read from a readily accessible location to verify that
negative pressure is being maintained in the closed-vent system when the
control device is operating.
(12) The owner or operator shall monitor and
inspect each closed-vent system required to comply with this section to ensure
proper operation and maintenance of the closed-vent system by implementing all
of the following requirements:
(a) Inspect
and monitor each closed-vent system that is used to comply with sub. (11) (a)
according to all of the following requirements:
1. Conduct an initial leak detection
monitoring of the closed-vent system on or before the date that the system
becomes subject to this section. Monitor the closed-vent system components and
connections using the procedures in s.
NR 664.1034(2) to demonstrate that the
closed-vent system operates with no detectable emissions, as indicated by an
instrument reading of less than 500 ppmv above background.
2. After initial leak detection monitoring
required in subd. 1., inspect and monitor the closed-vent system as follows:
a. Visually inspect closed-vent system
joints, seams or other connections that are permanently or semi-permanently
sealed (e.g., a welded joint between 2 sections of hard piping or a bolted and
gasketed ducting flange) at least once per year to check for defects that could
result in air pollutant emissions. Monitor a component or connection using the
procedures in s.
NR 664.1034(2) to demonstrate that it
operates with no detectable emissions following any time the component is
repaired or replaced (e.g., a section of damaged hard piping is replaced with
new hard piping) or the connection is unsealed (e.g., a flange is
unbolted).
b. Monitor closed-vent
system components or connections other than those specified in subd. 2. a.
annually and at other times requested by the department, except as provided for
in sub. (15), using the procedures in s.
NR 664.1034(2) to demonstrate that the
components or connections operate with no detectable emissions.
3. In the event that a defect or
leak is detected, repair the defect or leak according to par. (c).
4. Maintain a record of the inspection and
monitoring according to s.
NR 664.1035.
(b) Inspect and monitor each closed-vent
system that is used to comply with sub. (11) (b) according to all of the
following requirements:
1. Visually inspect
the closed-vent system to check for defects that could result in air pollutant
emissions. Defects include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes or
gaps in ductwork or piping or loose connections.
2. Perform an initial inspection of the
closed-vent system on or before the date that the system becomes subject to
this section. Thereafter, perform the inspections at least once every
year.
3. In the event that a defect
or leak is detected, repair the defect according to par. (c).
4. Maintain a record of the inspection and
monitoring according to s.
NR 664.1035.
(c) Repair all detected defects according to
all of the following:
1. Control detectable
emissions, as indicated by visual inspection, or by an instrument reading
greater than 500 ppmv above background, as soon as practicable, but not later
than 15 calendar days after the emission is detected, except as provided for in
subd. 3.
2. Make a first attempt at
repair no later than 5 calendar days after the emission is detected.
3. Delay of repair of a closed-vent system
for which leaks have been detected is allowed if the repair is technically
infeasible without a process unit shutdown, or if the owner or operator
determines that emissions resulting from immediate repair would be greater than
the fugitive emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Complete repair
of the equipment by the end of the next process unit shutdown.
4. Maintain a record of the defect repair
according to s.
NR 664.1035.
(13) Operate closed-vent systems and control
devices used to comply with this subchapter at all times when emissions may be
vented to them.
(14) The owner or
operator using a carbon adsorption system to control air pollutant emissions
shall document that all carbon that is a hazardous waste and that is removed
from the control device is managed in one of the following manners, regardless
of the average volatile organic concentration of the carbon:
(a) Regenerated or reactivated in a thermal
treatment unit that meets one of the following:
1. The owner or operator of the unit has been
issued an operating license under ch. NR 670 which implements the requirements
of subch. X.
2. The unit is
equipped with and operating air emission controls according to the applicable
requirements of this subchapter and subch. CC or subch. AA of ch. NR 665 and
subch. CC of ch. NR 665.
3. The
unit is equipped with and operating air emission controls according to a
national emission standard for hazardous air pollutants under 40 CFR part 61 or
63, or corresponding provisions of subch. III of ch. NR 446 and chs.
NR
447 to
469.
(b) Incinerated in a hazardous waste
incinerator for which any of the following conditions has been met:
1. The owner or operator has been issued an
operating license under ch. NR 670 which implements the requirements of subch.
O.
2. The owner or operator has
designed and operates the incinerator according to the interim license
requirements of subch. O of ch. NR 665.
(c) Burned in a boiler or industrial furnace
for which any of the following conditions has been met:
1. The owner or operator has been issued an
operating license under ch. NR 670 which implements the requirements of subch.
H of ch. NR 666.
2. The owner or
operator has designed and operates the boiler or industrial furnace according
to the interim license requirements of subch. H of ch. NR 666.
(15) Any components of
a closed-vent system that are designated, as described in s.
NR 664.1035(3)
(i), as unsafe to monitor are exempt from
sub. (12) (a) 2. b. if the owner or operator does all of the following:
(a) Determines that the components of the
closed-vent system are unsafe to monitor because monitoring personnel would be
exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of complying with sub. (12) (a)
2. b.
(b) Adheres to a written plan
that requires monitoring the closed-vent system components using the procedure
in sub. (12) (a) 2. b. as frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor
times.
