Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 400-499 - Environmental Protection - Air Pollution Control
Chapter NR 440 - Standards of performance for new stationary sources
Subchapter II - Standards of Performance
Section NR 440.56 - Graphic arts industry: publication rotogravure printing
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 440.56
Current through August 26, 2024
(1) APPLICABILITY AND DESIGNATION OF AFFECTED FACILITY.
(a)
Except as provided in par. (b), the affected facility to which the provisions
of this section apply is each publication rotogravure printing press.
(b) The provisions of this section do not
apply to proof presses.
(c) Any
facility under par. (a) that commences construction, modification or
reconstruction after October 28, 1980 is subject to the requirements of this
section.
(2) DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS.
(a) As used in this
section, terms not defined in this paragraph have the meanings given in s.
NR 440.02.
1.
"Automatic temperature compensator" means a device that continuously senses the
temperature of fluid flowing through a metering device and automatically
adjusts the registration of the measured volume to the corrected equivalent
volume at a base temperature.
2.
"Base temperature" means an arbitrary reference temperature for determining
liquid densities or adjusting the measured volume of a liquid
quantity.
3. "Density" means the
mass of a unit volume of liquid, expressed as grams per cubic centimeter,
kilograms per liter or pounds per gallon, at a specified temperature.
4. "Gravure cylinder" means a printing
cylinder with an intaglio image consisting of minute cells or indentations
specially engraved or etched into the cylinder's surface to hold ink when
continuously revolved through a fountain of ink.
5. "Performance averaging period" means 30
calendar days, one calendar month or 4 consecutive weeks as specified in
subsections of this section.
6.
"Proof press" means any device used only to check the quality of the image
formation of newly engraved or etched gravure cylinders and which prints only
nonsaleable items.
7. "Publication
rotogravure printing press" means any number of rotogravure printing units
capable of printing simultaneously on the same continuous web or substrate and
includes any associated device for continuously cutting and folding the printed
web, where the following saleable paper products are printed: catalogues,
including mail order and premium; direct mail advertisements, including
circulars, letters, pamphlets, cards and printed envelopes; display
advertisements, including general posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards,
window posters, counter and floor displays, point-of-purchase and other printed
display material; magazines; miscellaneous advertisements, including brochures,
pamphlets, catalogue sheets, circular folders, announcements, package inserts,
book jackets, market circulars, magazine inserts and shopping news; newspapers,
magazine and comic supplements for newspapers, and preprinted newspaper
inserts, including hi-fi and spectacolor rolls and sections; periodicals; and
telephone and other directories, including business reference
services.
8. "Raw ink" means all
purchased ink.
9. "Related
coatings" means all non-ink purchased liquids and liquid-solid mixtures
containing VOC solvent, usually referred to as extenders or varnishes, that are
used at publication rotogravure printing presses.
10. "Rotogravure printing unit" means any
device designed to print one color ink on one side of a continuous web or
substrate using a gravure cylinder.
11. "Solventborne ink systems" means ink and
related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists essentially of VOC
solvent with not more than 5 weight percent water, as applied to the gravure
cylinder.
12. "Solvent recovery
system" means an air pollution control system by which VOC solvent vapors in
air or other gases are captured and directed through one or more condensers or
a vessel containing beds of activated carbon or other adsorbents. For the
condensation method, the solvent is recovered directly from the condenser. For
the adsorption method, the vapors are adsorbed, then desorbed by steam or other
media, and finally condensed and recovered.
13. "VOC" means volatile organic
compound.
14. "VOC solvent" means
an organic liquid or liquid mixture consisting of VOC components.
15. "Waterborne ink systems" means ink and
related coating mixtures whose volatile portion consists of a mixture of VOC
solvent and more than 5 weight percent water, as applied to the gravure
cylinder.
(b) Symbols
used in this section are defined as follows:
1. DB is the density at the base temperature
of VOC solvent used or recovered during one performance averaging
period.
2. Dci is the density of
each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the subject
facility, at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is
measured.
3. Ddi is the density of
each VOC solvent (i) added to the ink for dilution at the subject facility, at
the solvent temperature when the volume of solvent used is measured.
4. Dgi is the density of each VOC solvent (i)
used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility, at the solvent temperature
when the volume of cleaning solvent used is measured.
5. Dhi is the density of each quantity of
water (i) added at the subject facility, for dilution of waterborne ink systems
at the water temperature when the volume of dilution water used is
measured.
6. Dmi is the density of
each quantity of VOC solvent and miscellaneous solventborne waste inks and
waste VOC solvents (i) recovered from the subject facility, at the solvent
temperature when the volume of solvent recovered is measured.
7. Doi is the density of the VOC solvent
contained in each raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject facility,
at the coating temperature when the volume of coating used is
measured.
8. Dwi is the density of
the water contained in each waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at
the subject facility, at the coating temperature when the volume of coating
used is measured.
9. Lci is the
measured liquid volume of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i)
used at the facility of a corresponding VOC content, Voi or Woi with a VOC
density, Doi, and a coating density, Dci.
10. Ldi is the measured liquid volume of each
VOC solvent (i) with corresponding density, Ddi, added to dilute the ink used
at the subject facility.
10m. Lgi
is the measured liquid volume of each VOC solvent (i) with corresponding
density, Dgi, used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility.
11. Mci is the mass, determined by direct
weighing, of each color of raw ink and each related coating (i) used at the
subject facility.
12. Md is the
mass, determined by direct weighing, of VOC solvent added to dilute the ink
used at the subject facility during one performance averaging period.
13. Mg is the mass, determined by direct
weighing, of VOC solvent used as a cleaning agent at the subject facility
during one performance averaging period.
14. Mh is the mass, determined by direct
weighing, or water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems used at the
subject facility during one performance averaging period.
15. Mm is the mass, determined by direct
weighing, of VOC solventborne waste inks and waste VOC solvents recovered from
the subject facility during one performance averaging period.
16. Mo is the total mass of VOC solvent
contained in the raw inks and related coatings used at the subject facility
during one performance averaging period.
17. Mr is the total mass of VOC solvent
recovered from the subject facility during one performance averaging
period.
18. Mt is the total mass of
VOC solvent used at the subject facility during one performance averaging
period.
19. Mv is the total mass of
water used with waterborne ink systems at the subject facility during one
performance averaging period.
20.
Mw is the total mass of water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related
coatings used at the subject facility during one performance averaging
period.
21. P is the average VOC
emission percentage for the subject facility for one performance averaging
period.
22. Voi is the liquid VOC
content, expressed as a volume fraction of VOC volume per total volume of
coating, of each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the subject
facility.
23. Vwi is the water
content, expressed as a volume fraction of water volume per total volume of
coating, or each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at
the subject facility.
24. Woi is
the VOC content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of VOC per total mass
of coating, or each color of raw ink and related coating (i) used at the
subject facility.
25. Wwi is the
water content, expressed as a weight fraction of mass of water per total mass
of coating, of each color of waterborne raw ink and related coating (i) used at
the subject facility.
(c) The following subscripts are used in this
section with the symbols in par. (b) to denote the applicable facility:
1. a denotes affected facility.
2. b denotes both affected and existing
facilities controlled in common by the same air pollution control
equipment.
3. e denotes existing
facility.
4. f denotes all affected
and existing facilities located within the same plant boundary.
(3) STANDARD FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. During the period of the performance test required to be conducted by s. NR 440.08 and after the date required for completion of the test, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility VOC equal to more than 16% of the total mass of VOC solvent and water used at that facility during any one performance averaging period. The water used includes only that water contained in the waterborne raw inks and related coatings and the water added for dilution with waterborne ink systems.
(4) PERFORMANCE TEST AND COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS.
(a) The owner or operator of any affected
facility shall conduct performance tests in accordance with s.
NR 440.08 under
the following conditions:
1. The performance
averaging period for each test shall be 30 consecutive calendar days and not an
average of 3 separate runs as prescribed under s.
NR 440.08(6).
2. Except as provided under pars. (f) and
(g), if affected facilities routinely share the same raw ink storage and
handling system with existing facilities, then temporary measurement procedures
for segregating the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvent and water used at
the affected facilities shall be employed during the test. For this case, an
overall emission percentage for the combined facilities as well as for only the
affected facilities shall be calculated during the test.
3. For the purpose of measuring bulk storage
tank quantities of each color of raw ink and each related coating used, the
owner or operator of any affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain
and continuously operate during the test one or more of the following:
a. Non-resettable totalizer metering devices
for indicating the cumulative liquid volumes used at each affected facility;
or
b. Segregated storage tanks for
each affected facility to allow determination of the liquid quantities used by
measuring devices other than the press meters required under subd. 3. a.;
or
c. Storage tanks to serve more
than one facility with the liquid quantities used determined by measuring
devices other than press meters, if facilities are combined as described under
par. (d), (f) or (g).
4.
The owner or operator may choose to install an automatic temperature
compensator with any liquid metering device used to measure the raw inks,
related coatings, water, or VOC solvent used or VOC solvent
recovered.
5. Records of the
measured amounts used at the affected facility and the liquid temperature at
which the amounts were measured shall be maintained for each shipment of all
purchased material on at least a weekly basis for all of the following:
a. The raw inks and related coatings
used.
b. The VOC and water content
of each raw ink and related coating used as determined according to sub.
(6).
c. The VOC solvent and water
added to the inks used.
d. The VOC
solvent used as a cleaning agent.
e. The VOC solvent recovered.
6. The density variations with
temperature of the raw inks, related coatings, VOC solvents used, and VOC
solvent recovered shall be determined by the methods stipulated in sub. (6)
(d).
7. The calculated emission
percentage may be reported as rounded-off to the nearest whole
number.
8. Printing press startups
and shutdowns may not be included in the exemption provisions under s.
NR 440.08(3). Frequent periods of press
startups and shutdowns are normal operations and constitute representative
conditions for the purpose of a performance test.
(b) If an affected facility uses waterborne
ink systems or a combination of waterborne and solventborne ink systems with a
solvent recovery system, compliance shall be determined by the following
procedures, except as provided in pars. (d) through (g):
1. The mass of VOC in the solventborne and
waterborne raw inks and related coatings used shall be determined by the
following equation:
where:
k is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used in direct mass quantities with different amounts of VOC content
m is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of VOC content or different densities
n is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of VOC content or different VOC solvent densities
2.
The total mass of VOC used shall be determined by the following equation:
where:
m and n are the respective total numbers of VOC dilution and cleaning solvents measured as used by volume with different densities
3. The mass of water in
the waterborne raw inks and related coatings used shall be determined by the
following equation: See
PDF for diagram
where:
k is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used in direct mass quantities with different amounts of water content
m is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of water content or different densities
n is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of water content or different water densities
4. The
total mass of water used shall be determined by the following equation:
where:
m is the total number of water dilution additions measured as used by volume with different densities
5. The total mass of VOC solvent recovered
shall be determined by the following equation:
where:
k is the total number of VOC solvents, miscellaneous solventborne waste inks, and waste VOC solvents measured as recovered by volume with different densities
6. The average VOC emission percentage for
the affected facility shall be determined by the following equation:
(c) If an affected facility controlled by a
solvent recovery system uses only solventborne ink systems, the owner or
operator may choose to determine compliance on a direct mass or a
density-corrected liquid volume basis. Except as provided in pars. (d) through
(g), compliance shall be determined as follows:
1. On a direct mass basis, compliance shall
be determined according to par. (b), except that the water term Mv does not
apply.
2. On a density-corrected
liquid volume basis, compliance shall be determined by the following
procedures:
a. A base temperature
corresponding to that for the largest individual amount of VOC solvent used or
recovered from the affected facility, or other reference temperature, shall be
chosen by the owner or operator.
b.
The corrected liquid volume of VOC in the raw inks and related coatings used
shall be determined by the following equation:
where:
k is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used in direct mass quantities with different amounts of VOC content
m is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of VOC content or different densities
n is the total number of raw inks and related coatings measured as used by volume with different amounts of VOC content or different amounts of VOC content or different VOC solvent densities
c. The total corrected liquid volume of VOC
used shall be determined by the following equation:
where:
m and n are the respective total numbers of VOC dilution and cleaning solvents measured as used by volume with different densities
d. The total corrected
liquid volume of VOC solvent recovered shall be determined by the following
equation:
where:
k is the total number of VOC solvents, miscellaneous solventborne waste inks, and waste VOC solvents measured as recovered by volume with different densities
e. The average VOC emission percentage for
the affected facility shall be determined by the following equation:
(d) If 2 or more affected facilities are
controlled by the same solvent recovery system, compliance shall be determined
by the procedures specified in par. (b) or (c), whichever applies, except that
(Lt)a and (Lr) a, (Mt)a, (Mr) a and (Mv)a are the collective amounts of VOC
solvent and water corresponding to all the affected facilities controlled by
that solvent recovery system. The average VOC emission percentage for each of
the affected facilities controlled by that same solvent recovery system shall
be assumed to be equal.
(e) Except
as provided under par. (f), if an existing facility and an affected facility
are controlled in common by the same solvent recovery system, the owner or
operator shall determine compliance by conducting a separate emission test on
the existing facility and then conducting a performance test on the combined
facilities as follows:
1. Before the initial
startup of the affected facility and at any other time as requested by the
department, the owner or operator shall conduct an emission test on the
existing facility controlled by the subject solvent recovery system. The
solvent recovery system may handle VOC emissions from only the existing
facility not from affected facilities, during the emission test.
2. During the emission test, the affected
facility shall be subject to the standard stated in sub. (3).
3. The emission test shall be conducted over
a 30 consecutive calendar day averaging period according to the conditions
stipulated in par. (a) 1. through 5., except that the conditions pertain to
only existing facilities instead of affected facilities.
4. The owner or operator of the existing
facility shall provide the department at least 30 days prior notice of the
emission test to afford the department the opportunity to have an observer
present.
5. The emission percentage
for the existing facility during the emission test shall be determined by one
of the following procedures:
a. If the
existing facility uses a combination of waterborne and solventborne ink
systems, the average VOC emission percentage shall be determined on a direct
mass basis according to par. (b) or (d), whichever applies, with the following
equation:
where the water and VOC solvent amounts pertain to only existing facilities.
b. If
the existing facility uses only solventborne ink systems, the owner or operator
may choose to determine the emission percentage either on a direct mass basis
or a density-corrected liquid volume basis according to par. (c) or (d),
whichever applies. On a direct mass basis, the average VOC emission percentage
shall be determined by the equation presented in subd. 5. a. On a
density-corrected liquid volume basis, the average VOC emission percentage
shall be determined by the following equation:
where the VOC solvent amounts pertain to only existing facilities.
6.
The owner or operator of the existing facility shall furnish the department
with a written report of the results of the emission test.
7. After completion of the separate emission
test on the existing facility, the owner or operator shall conduct a
performance test on the combined facilities with the solvent recovery system
handling VOC emission from both the existing and affected facilities.
8. During performance test, the emission
percentage for the existing facility, Pe, shall be assumed to be equal to that
determined in the latest emission test. The department may request additional
emission tests if any physical or operational changes occur to the existing
facility.
9. The emission
percentage for the affected facility during performance tests with both
existing and affected facilities connected to the solvent recovery system shall
be determined by one of the following procedures:
a. If the combined facility uses both
waterborne and solventborne ink systems, the average VOC emission percentage
shall be determined on a direct mass basis according to par. (b) or (d),
whichever applies, with the following equation:
where (Mt)b and (Mr) b are the collective VOC solvent amounts pertaining to the combined facility.
b. If the combined facility uses only
solventborne ink systems, the owner or operator may choose to determine
performance of the affected facility either on a direct mass basis or a
density-corrected liquid volume basis according to par. (c) or (d), whichever
applies. On a direct mass basis, the average VOC emission percentage shall be
determined by the equation presented in subd. 9. a. On a density-corrected
liquid volume basis, the average VOC emission percentage shall be determined by
the following equation:
where (Lt)b and (Lr)b are the collective VOC solvent amounts pertaining to the combined facility.
(f) The owner or operator may
choose to show compliance of the combined performance of existing and affected
facilities controlled in common by the same solvent recovery system. A separate
emission test for existing facilities is not required for this option. The
combined performance shall be determined by one of the following procedures:
1. If the combined facility uses both
waterborne and solventborne ink systems, the combined average VOC emission
percentage shall be determined on a direct mass basis according to par. (b) or
(d), whichever applies, with the following equation:
2. If
the combined facility uses only solventborne ink systems, the owner or operator
may choose to determine performance either on a direct mass basis or a
density-corrected liquid volume basis according to par. (c) or (d), whichever
applies. On a direct mass, basis, the average VOC emission percentage shall be
determined by the equation presented in subd. 1. On a density-corrected liquid
volume basis, the average VOC emission percentage shall be determined by the
following equation:
(g) If all existing and affected facilities
located within the same plant boundary use waterborne ink systems or
solventborne ink systems with solvent recovery systems, the owner or operator
may choose to show compliance on a plantwide basis for all the existing and
affected facilities together. No separate emission tests on existing facilities
and no temporary segregated liquid measurement procedures for affected
facilities are required for this option. The plantwide performance shall be
determined by one of the following procedures:
1. If any of the facilities use waterborne
ink systems, the total plant average VOC emission percentage shall be
determined on a direct mass basis according to par. (b) with the following
equation:
where (Mt)f and (Mv) f are the collective VOC solvent and water amounts used at all the plant facilities during the performance test.
2. If all of the plant
facilities use only solventborne ink systems, the owner or operator may choose
to determine performance either on a direct mass basis or a density-corrected
liquid volume basis according to par. (c). On a direct mass basis, the total
plant average VOC emission percentage shall be determined by the equation
presented in subd. 1. On a density-corrected liquid volume basis, the total
plant average VOC emission percentage shall be determined by the following
equation:
where (Lt)f is the collective VOC solvent amount used at all the plant facilities during the performance test.
(5) MONITORING OF OPERATIONS AND RECORDKEEPING.
(a) After
completion of the performance test required under s.
NR 440.08, the
owner or operator of any affected facility using waterborne ink systems or
solventborne ink systems with solvent recovery systems shall record the amount
of solvent and water used, solvent recovered, and estimated emission percentage
for each performance averaging period and shall maintain these records for 2
years. The emission percentage shall be estimated as follows:
1. The performance averaging period for
monitoring of proper operation and maintenance shall be a calendar month or 4
consecutive weeks, at the option of the owner or operator.
2. If affected facilities share the same raw
ink storage and handling system with existing facilities, solvent and water
used, solvent recovered, and emission percentages for the combined facilities
may be documented. Separate emission percentages for only the affected
facilities are not required in this case. The combined emission percentage
shall be compared to the overall average for the existing and affected
facilities' emission percentage determined during the most recent performance
test.
3. Except as provided in
subd. 4., temperatures and liquid densities determined during the most recent
performance test shall be used to calculate corrected volumes and mass
quantities.
4. The owner or
operator may choose to measure temperatures for determination of actual liquid
densities during each performance averaging period. A different base
temperature may be used for each performance averaging period if desired by the
owner or operator.
5. The emission
percentage shall be calculated according to the procedures under sub. (4) (b)
through (g), whichever applies, or by a comparable calculation which compares
the total solvent recovered to the total solvent used at the affected
facility.
(6) TEST METHODS AND PROCEDURES.
(a) The owner or
operator of any affected facility using solventborne ink systems shall
determine the VOC content of the raw inks and related coatings used at the
affected facility by one of the following:
1.
Analysis using Method 24A of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 440.17(1) of routine weekly samples
of raw ink and related coatings in each respective storage tank.
2. Analysis using Method 24A of Appendix A of
samples of each shipment of all purchased raw inks and related
coatings.
3. Determination of the
VOC content from the formulation data supplied by the ink manufacturer with
each shipment of raw inks and related coatings used.
(b) The owner or operator of any affected
facility using solventborne ink systems shall use the results of verification
analyses by Method 24A of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference
in s.
NR 440.17(1), to determine compliance
when discrepancies with ink manufacturers' formulation data occur.
(c) The owner or operator of any affected
facility using waterborne ink systems shall determine the VOC and water content
of raw inks and related coatings used at the affected facility by either:
1. Determination of the VOC and water content
from the formulation data supplied by the ink manufacturer with each shipment
of purchased raw inks and related coatings used; or
2. Analysis of samples of each shipment of
purchased raw inks and related coatings using a test method approved by the
department in accordance with s.
NR 440.08(2).
(d) The owner or operator of any affected
facility shall determine the density of raw inks, related coatings and VOC
solvents by one of the following:
1. Making a
total of 3 determinations for each liquid sample at specified temperatures
using the procedure outlined in ASTM D1475-90, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(2) (a) 19. The temperature and
density shall be recorded as the arithmetic average of the 3
determinations.
2. Using literature
values, at specified temperatures, acceptable to the department.
(e) If compliance is determined
according to sub. (4) (e), (f) or (g), the existing as well as affected
facilities are subject to the requirements of pars. (a) through (d).
Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Wisconsin may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
