Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 400-499 - Environmental Protection - Air Pollution Control
Chapter NR 440 - Standards of performance for new stationary sources
Subchapter II - Standards of Performance
Section NR 440.32 - Sewage treatment plants
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 440.32
Current through August 26, 2024
(1) APPLICABILITY AND DESIGNATION OF AFFECTED FACILITY.
(a) The
affected facility is each incinerator that combusts wastes containing more than
10% sewage sludge (dry basis) produced by municipal sewage treatment plants, or
each incinerator that charges more than 1000 kg (2205 lb) per day municipal
sewage sludge (dry basis).
(b) Any
facility under par. (a) that commences construction or modification after June
11, 1973, is subject to the requirements of this section.
(2) DEFINITIONS. As used in this section, terms have the meanings given in s. NR 440.02.
(3) STANDARD FOR PARTICULATE MATTER.
(a) On and after the date on which the
performance test required to be conducted by s.
NR 440.08 is
completed, no owner or operator of any sewage sludge incinerator subject to the
provisions of this section may discharge or cause the discharge into the
atmosphere of:
1. Particulate matter at a
rate in excess of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge input (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge
input).
2. Any gases which exhibit
20% opacity or greater.
(4) MONITORING OF OPERATIONS.
(a) The owner or operator of any sludge
incinerator subject to the provisions of this section shall:
1. Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
a flow measuring device which can be used to determine either the mass or
volume of sludge charged to the incinerator. The flow measuring device shall be
certified by the manufacturer to have an accuracy of " 5% over its operating
range. Except as provided in par. (d), the flow measuring device shall be
operated continuously and data recorded during all periods of operation of the
incinerator.
2. Provide access to
the sludge charged so that a well-mixed representative grab sample of the
sludge can be obtained.
3. Install,
calibrate, maintain and operate a weighing device for determining the mass of
any municipal solid waste charged to the incinerator when sewage sludge and
municipal solid waste are incinerated together. The weighing device shall have
an accuracy of " 5% over its operating range.
(b) The owner or operator of any multiple
hearth, fluidized bed or electric sludge incinerator subject to the provisions
of this section shall comply with the requirements of par. (a) and:
1. For incinerators equipped with a wet
scrubbing device, install calibrate, maintain and operate a monitoring device
that continuously measures and records the pressure drop of the gas flow
through the wet scrubbing device. Where a combination of wet scrubbers is used
in series, the pressure drop of the gas flow through the combined system shall
be continuously monitored. The device used to monitor scrubber pressure drop
shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within "250 pascal ("1
inch water gauge) and shall be calibrated on an annual basis in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
2.
Install, calibrate, maintain and operate a monitoring device that continuously
measures and records the oxygen content of the incinerator exhaust gas. The
oxygen monitoring shall be located upstream of any rabble shaft cooling air
inlet into the incinerator exhaust gas stream, fan, ambient air recirculation
damper, or any other source of dilution air. The oxygen monitoring device shall
be certified by the manufacturer to have a relative accuracy of "5% over its
operating range and shall be calibrated according to method or methods
prescribed by the manufacturer at least once each 24-hour operating
period.
3. Install, calibrate,
maintain and operate temperature measuring devices at every hearth in multiple
hearth furnaces; in the bed and outlet of fluidized bed incinerators; and in
the drying, combustion and cooling zones of electric incinerators. For multiple
hearth furnaces, a minimum of one temperature measuring device shall be
installed in each hearth in the cooling and drying zones, and a minimum of 2
temperature measuring devices shall be installed in each hearth in the
combustion zone. For electric incinerators, a minimum of one temperature
measuring device shall be installed in the drying zone and one in the cooling
zone, and a minimum of 2 temperature measuring devices shall be installed in
the combustion zone. Each temperature measuring device shall be certified by
the manufacturer to have an accuracy of + 5% over its operating range. Except
as provided in par. (d), the temperature monitoring devices shall be operated
continuously and data recorded during all periods of operation of the
incinerator.
4. Install, calibrate,
maintain and operate a device for measuring the fuel flow to the incinerator.
The flow measuring device shall be certified by the manufacturer to have an
accuracy of "5% over its operating range. Except as provided in par. (d), the
fuel flow measuring device shall be operated continuously and data recorded
during all periods of operation of the incinerator.
5. Except as provided in par. (d), collect
and analyze a grab sample of the sludge fed to the incinerator once per day.
The dry sludge content and the volatile solids content of the sample shall be
determined in accordance with the method specified under sub. (5) (b) 5.,
except that the determination of volatile solids, step 3.b. of the method, may
not be deleted.
(c) The
owner or operator of any multiple hearth, fluidized bed or electric sludge
incinerator subject to the provisions of this section shall retain the
following information and make it available for inspection by the department
for a minimum of 2 years:
1. For incinerators
equipped with a wet scrubbing device, a record of the measured pressure drop of
the gas flow through the wet scrubbing device, as required by par. (b)
1.
2. A record of the measured
oxygen content of the incinerator exhaust gas, as required by par. (b)
2.
3. A record of the rate of
sludge charged to the incinerator, the measured temperatures of the
incinerator, the fuel flow to the incinerator, and the total solids and
volatile solids content of the sludge charged to the incinerator, as required
by pars. (a) 1. and (b) 3., 4. and 5.
(d) The owner or operator of any multiple
hearth, fluidized bed, or electric sludge incinerator subject to the provisions
of this section from which the particulate matter emission rate measured during
the performance test required under sub. (5) (d) is less than or equal to 0.38
g/kg of dry sludge input (0.75 lb/ton) shall be required to comply with the
requirements in pars. (a) to (c) during all periods of operation of this
incinerator following the performance test except that:
1. Continuous operation of the monitoring
devices and data recorders in pars. (a) 1. and (b) 3. and 4. is not required.
2. Daily sampling and analysis of
sludge feed in par. (b) 5. is not required.
3. Recordkeeping specified in par. (c) 3. is
not required.
(e) The
owner or operator of any sludge incinerator other than a multiple hearth,
fluidized bed or electric incinerator or any sludge incinerator equipped with a
control device other than a wet scrubber shall submit to the administrator for
approval a plan for monitoring and recording incinerator and control device
operation parameters. The plan shall be submitted to the administrator:
1. No later than 90 days after October 6,
1988, for sources which have provided notification of commencement of
construction prior to October 6, 1988.
2. No later than 90 days after the
notification of commencement of construction, for sources which provide
notification of commencement of construction on or after October 6,
1988.
3. At least 90 days prior to
the date on which the new control device becomes operative, for sources
switching to a control device other than a wet scrubber.
(5) TEST METHODS AND PROCEDURES.
(a) In conducting the performance tests
required in s.
NR 440.08, the
owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test
methods in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 and Appendix B of 40 CFR part 61,
incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17, or other methods and procedures as specified
in this subsection except as provided in s.
NR 440.08(2).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine
compliance with the particulate matter emission standards in sub. (3) as
follows:
1. The emission rate (E) of
particulate matter for each run shall be computed using the following equation:
where:
E is the emission rate of particulate matter, g/kg (lb/ton) of dry sludge input
cs is the concentration of particulate matter, g/dscm (gr/dscf)
Qsd is the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas, dscm/hr (dscf/hr)
S is the charging rate of dry sludge during the run, kg/hr (ton/hr)
K is the conversion factor, 1.0 g/g (7000 gr/lb)
2. Method 5 shall be used to
determine the particulate matter concentration (cs) and the volumetric flow
rate (Q sd) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each
run shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.90 dscm (31.8 dscf).
3. The dry sludge charging rate (S) for each
run shall be computed using either of the following equations:
where:
S is the charging rate of dry sludge, kg/hr (ton/hr)
Sm is the total mass of sludge charge, kg (ton)
Rdm is the average mass of dry sludge per unit mass of sludge charged, kg/kg (ton/ton)
[THETA] is the duration of run, hr
Sv is the total volume of sludge charged, m3 (gal)
Rdv is the average mass of dry sludge per unit volume of sludge charged, kg/m3 (lb/gal)
Kv is the conversion factor, 1 g/g (2000 lb/ton)
4. The flow measuring device
described in sub. (4) (a) 1. shall be used to determine the total mass (Sm) or
volume (Sv) of sludge charged to the incinerator during each run. If the flow
measuring device is on a time rate basis, readings shall be taken and recorded
at 5-minute intervals during the run and the total charge of sludge shall be
computed using the following equations, as applicable:
where:
Sm is the total mass of sludge charged to the incinerator during the test run
Sv is the total volume of sludge charged to the incinerator during the test run
Qmi is the average mass flow rate calculated by averaging the flow rates at the beginning and end of each interval "i", kg/hr (ton/hr)
Qvi is the average volume flow rate calculated by averaging the flow rates at the beginning and end of each interval "i", m3/hr (gal/hr)
[THETA] i is the duration of interval "i", hr
5. Samples of the sludge
charged to the incinerator shall be collected in nonporous jars at the
beginning of each run and at approximately 1-hour intervals thereafter until
the test ends, and Method 2540 G., "Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Solid
and Semisolid Samples", in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20th edition, 1998, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(2) (e) 2., shall be used to
determine dry sludge content of each sample (total solids residue), except
that:
a. Evaporating dishes shall be ignited
to at least 103°C rather than the 550°C specified in step
3.a.1).
b. Determination of
volatile solids, step 3.b., may be deleted.
c. The quantity of dry sludge per unit sludge
charged shall be determined in terms of kg/m3 (lb/gal) or kg/kg
(ton/ton).
d. The average dry
sludge content shall be the arithmetic average of all the samples taken during
the run.
6. Method 9 and
the procedures described in s.
NR 440.11 shall be used to determine opacity.
(d) The owner or operator of any
sludge incinerator subject to the provisions of this section shall conduct a
performance test during which the monitoring and recording devices required
under sub. (4) (a) 1. and (b) 1. to 4., are installed and operating and for
which the sampling and analysis procedures required under sub. (4) (b) 5. are
performed. The owner or operator shall provide the department at least 30 days
prior notice of the performance test to afford the department the opportunity
to have an observer present.
1. For
incinerators that commenced construction or modification on or before April 18,
1986, the performance test shall be conducted by October 1, 1989 unless the
monitoring and recording devices required under sub. (4) (a) 1. and (b) 1. to
4. were installed and operating and the sampling and analysis procedures
required under sub. (4) (b) 5. were performed during the most recent
performance test and a record of the measurements taken during the performance
test is available.
2. For
incinerators that commence construction or modification after April 18, 1986,
the date of the performance test shall be determined by the requirements in s.
NR 440.08.
(6) REPORTING.
(a) The owner or operator of any multiple
hearth, fluidized bed or electric sludge incinerator subject to the provisions
of this section shall submit to the department semiannually a report in writing
which contains the following:
1. A record of
average scrubber pressure drop measurements for each period of 15 minute
duration or more during which the pressure drop of the scrubber was less than,
by a percentage specified in subd. 1. a. or b., as applicable, the average
scrubber pressure drop measured during the most recent performance test. The
percent reduction in scrubber pressure drop for which a report is required
shall be determined as follows:
a. For
incinerators that achieved an average particulate matter emission rate of 0.38
kg/Mg (0.75 lb/ton) dry sludge input or less during the most recent performance
test, a scrubber pressure drop reduction of more than 30% from the average
scrubber pressure drop recorded during the most recent performance test shall
be reported.
b. For incinerators
that achieved an average particulate matter emission rate of greater than 0.38
kg/Mg (0.75 lb/ton) dry sludge input during the most recent performance test, a
percent reduction in pressure drop greater than that calculated according to
the following equation shall be reported:
P = - 111E + 72.15
where:
P is the percent reduction in pressure drop, and
E is the average particulate matter emissions (kg/megagram)
2. A record of average oxygen content in the
incinerator exhaust gas for each period of 1-hour duration or more that the
oxygen content of the incinerator exhaust gas exceeds the average oxygen
content measured during the most recent performance test by more than
3%.
(b) The owner or
operator of any multiple hearth, fluidized bed or electric sludge incinerator
from which the average particulate matter emission rate measured during the
performance test required under sub. (5) (d) exceeds 0.38 g/kg of dry sludge
input (0.75 lb/ton of dry sludge input) shall include in the report for each
calendar day that a decrease in scrubber pressure drop or increase in oxygen
content of exhaust gas is reported a record of the following:
1. Scrubber pressure drop averaged over each
1-hour incinerator operating period.
2. Oxygen content in the incinerator exhaust
averaged over each 1-hour incinerator operating period.
3. Temperatures of every hearth in multiple
hearth incinerators; of the bed and outlet of fluidized bed incinerators; and
of the drying, combustion and cooling zones of electric incinerators averaged
over each 1-hour incinerator operating period.
4. Rate of sludge charged to the incinerator
averaged over each 1-hour incinerator operating period.
5. Incinerator fuel use averaged over each
8-hour incinerator operating period.
6. Moisture and volatile solids content of
the daily grab sample of sludge charged to the incinerator.
(c) The owner or operator of any
sludge incinerator other than a multiple hearth, fluidized bed or electric
incinerator or any sludge incinerator equipped with a control device other than
a wet scrubber shall include in the semiannual report a record of control
device operation measurements, as specified in the plan approved under sub. (4)
(e).
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