(1) INTRODUCTION.
This section contains requirements for control devices used to comply with
applicable sections of this chapter and chs.
NR
445 to
484. The requirements are placed
in this section for administrative convenience and only apply to facilities
covered by sections or chapters referring to this section.
(2) FLARES. Subsections (3) through (6) apply
to flares.
(3)
(a) Flares shall be designed for and operated
with no visible emissions as determined by the methods specified in sub. (6),
except for periods not to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any 2 consecutive
hours.
(b) Flares shall be operated
with a flame present at all times, as determined by the methods specified in
sub. (6).
(c) Flares shall be used
only with the net heating value of the gas being combusted being 11.2 MJ/scm
(300 Btu/scf) or greater if the flare is steam-assisted or air-assisted; or
with the net heating value of the gas being combusted being 7.45 MJ/scm (200
Btu/scf) or greater if the flare is nonassisted. The net heating value of the
gas being combusted shall be determined by the methods specified in sub.
(6).
(d)
1. Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares
shall be designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the
methods specified in sub. (6) (d), less than 18.3 m/sec (60 ft/sec), except as
provided in subds. 2. and 3.
2.
Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares designed for and operated with an exit
velocity, as determined by the methods specified in sub. (6) (d), equal to or
greater than 18.3 m/sec (60 ft/sec) but less than 122 m/sec (400 ft/sec) are
allowed if the net heating value of the gas being combusted is greater than
37.3 MJ/scm (1,000 Btu/scf).
3.
Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares designed for and operated with an exit
velocity, as determined by the methods specified in sub. (6) (d), less than the
velocity, Vmax, as determined by the method specified in
sub. (6) (e), and less than 122 m/sec (400 ft/sec) are allowed.
(e) Air-assisted flares shall be
designed and operated with an exit velocity less than the velocity,
Vmax, as determined by the method specified in sub. (6)
(f).
(f) Flares used to comply with
this section shall be steam-assisted, air-assisted, or nonassisted.
(4) Owners or operators of flares
used to comply with the provisions of this section shall monitor these control
devices to ensure that they are operated and maintained in conformance with
their designs. Applicable sections below provide provisions stating how owners
or operators of flares shall monitor these control devices.
(5) Flares used to comply with provisions of
this section shall be operated at all times when emissions may be vented to
them.
(6)
(a) Method 22 of Appendix A, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(1), shall be used to determine
the compliance of flares with the visible emission provisions of this section.
The observation period is 2 hours and shall be used according to Method
22.
(b) The presence of a flare
pilot flame shall be monitored using a thermocouple or any other equivalent
device to detect the presence of a flame.
(c) The net heating value of the gas being
combusted in a flare shall be calculated using the following equation:
See
PDF for diagram
where:
HT is the net heating value of the
sample, MJ/scm; where the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on
combustion at 25°C and 700 mm Hg, but the standard temperature for
determining the volume corresponding to one mole is 20°C;
K is the conversion constant, 1.740 10-7
See
PDF for diagram
where the standard temperature for (g-mole)/scm is
20°C;
Ci is the concentration of sample
component i in ppm on a wet basis, as measured for organics by Method 18 in 40
CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(1), and measured for hydrogen
and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-90, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(2) (a) 24.
Hi is the net heat of combustion of
sample component i, kcal/(g-mole) at 25°C and 760 mm Hg. The heats of
combustion may be determined using ASTM D2382-88 or D4809-95, incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 440.17(2) (a) 30. and 61., if
published values are not available or cannot be calculated.
(d) The actual exit velocity of a flare shall
be determined by dividing the volumetric flow rate (in units of standard
temperature and pressure), as determined as appropriate by Reference Method 2,
2A, 2C, or 2D of Appendix A, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17, by the unobstructed (free) cross sectional
area of the flare tip.
(e) The
maximum permitted velocity, Vmax, for flares complying
with sub. (3) (d) 3. shall be determined by the following equation:
Log10 (Vmax)
= (HT + 28.8)/31.7
where:
Vmax is the maximum permitted
velocity, m/sec
28.8 = constant
31.7 = constant
HT is the net heating value as
determined in par. (c)
(f)
The maximum permitted velocity, Vmax, for air-assisted
flares shall be determined by the following equation:
Vmax = 8.706 + 0.7084
(HT)
where:
Vmax is the maximum permitted
velocity, m/sec
8.706 = constant
0.7084 = constant
HT is the net heating value as
determined in par. (c)
