Current through August 26, 2024
(1) For the
purposes of this section, all continuous monitoring systems required under
applicable sections of this chapter shall be subject to the provisions of this
section upon promulgation of performance specifications for continuous
monitoring systems under 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference
in s.
NR 440.17, unless otherwise specified in an applicable
section or by the department. If the continuous monitoring system is used to
determine compliance with emission limits on a continuous basis, the quality
assurance requirements of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, incorporated by reference
in s.
NR 440.17, apply unless an applicable section or the
department specify otherwise.
(2)
All continuous monitoring systems and monitoring devices shall be installed and
operational prior to conducting performance tests under s.
NR 440.08.
Verification of operational status shall, at a minimum, include completion of
the manufacturer's written requirements or recommendations for installation,
operation and calibration of the device.
(3) If the owner or operator of an affected
facility elects to submit continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) data for
compliance with the opacity standard as provided under s.
NR 440.11(5) (f), the owner or operator
shall conduct a performance evaluation of the COMS as specified in Performance
Specification 1, Appendix B, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17, before the performance test required under s.
NR 440.08 is
conducted. Otherwise, the owner or operator of an affected facility shall
conduct a performance evaluation of the COMS or continuous emission monitoring
system (CEMS) during any performance test required under s. NR. 440.08 or
within 30 days thereafter in accordance with the applicable performance
specification in Appendix B, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17. The owner or operator of an affected facility
shall conduct COMS or CEMS performance evaluations at such other times as may
be required by the department.
(a) The owner
or operator of an affected facility using a COMS to determine opacity
compliance during any performance test required under s.
NR 440.08 and
as described in s.
NR 440.11(5) (f) shall furnish the
department 2 or, upon request, more copies of a written report of the results
of the COMS performance evaluation described in this subsection at least 10
days before the performance test required under s.
NR 440.08 is
conducted.
(b) Except as provided
in par. (a), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall furnish the
department within 60 days of completion 2 or, upon request, more copies of a
written report of the results of the performance evaluation.
(4)
(a) Owners and operators of all continuous
emission monitoring systems installed in accordance with the provisions of this
chapter shall automatically check the zero (or low-level value between 0 and
20% of span value) and span (50 to 100% of span value) calibration drifts at
least once daily in accordance with a written procedure. The zero and span
shall, at a minimum, be adjusted whenever the 24-hour zero drift or 24-hour
span drift exceeds 2 times the limit of the applicable performance
specification in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(1). The system shall allow the
amount of excess zero and span drift to be recorded and quantified whenever
specified. Owners and operators of a continuous opacity monitoring system
(COMS) installed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, shall
automatically, intrinsic to the opacity monitor, check the zero and upscale
(span) calibration drifts at least once daily. For a particular COMS, the
acceptable range of zero and upscale calibration materials is as defined in the
applicable version of PS-1 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 440.17(1). For COMS, the optical
surfaces exposed to the emissions shall be cleaned prior to performing the zero
and upscale drift adjustments, except that for systems using automatic zero
adjustments the optical surfaces shall be cleaned when the cumulative automatic
zero compensation exceeds 4% opacity.
(b) Unless otherwise approved by the
department, the following procedures shall be followed for continuous opacity
monitoring systems. Minimum procedures shall include an automated method for
producing a simulated zero opacity condition and an upscale (span) opacity
condition using a certified neutral density filter or other related technique
to produce a known obstruction of the light beam. Such procedures shall provide
a system check of all active analyzer internal optics with power or curvature,
all active electronic circuitry including the light source and photodetector
assembly and electronic or electro-mechanical systems and hardware and software
used during normal measurement operation.
(5) Except for system breakdowns, repairs,
calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments required under sub. (4), all
continuous monitoring systems shall be in continuous operation and shall meet
minimum frequency of operation requirements as follows:
(a) All continuous monitoring systems
referenced by sub. (3) for measuring opacity of emissions shall complete a
minimum of one cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive 10-second
period and one cycle of data recording for each successive 6-minute
period.
(b) All continuous
monitoring systems referenced by sub. (3) for measuring emissions, except
opacity, shall complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling,
analyzing and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period.
(6) All continuous monitoring
systems or monitoring devices shall be installed such that representative
measurements of emissions or process parameters from the affected facility are
obtained. Additional procedures for location of continuous monitoring systems
contained in the applicable performance specifications of 40 CFR part 60,
Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17, shall be used.
(7) When the emissions from a single affected
facility or 2 or more affected facilities subject to the same emission
standards are combined before being released to the atmosphere, the owner or
operator may install applicable continuous monitoring systems on each emission
or on the combined emissions. When the affected facilities are not subject to
the same emission standards, separate continuous monitoring systems shall be
installed on each emission. When the emission from one affected facility is
released to the atmosphere through more than one point, the owner or operator
shall install an applicable continuous monitoring system on each separate
emission unless the installation of fewer systems is approved by the
department. When more than one continuous monitoring system is used to measure
the emissions from one affected facility (e.g., multiple breechings, multiple
outlets), the owner or operator shall report the results as required from each
continuous monitoring system.
(8)
Owners or operators of all continuous monitoring systems for measurement of
opacity shall reduce all data to 6-minute averages and for continuous
monitoring systems other than opacity to one-hour averages for time periods as
defined under s.
NR 440.02(20) and (29), respectively.
Six-minute opacity averages shall be calculated from 36 or more data points
equally spaced over each 6-minute period. For continuous monitoring systems
other than opacity, one-hour averages shall be computed from 4 or more data
points equally spaced over each one-hour period. Data recorded during periods
of continuous monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and
zero and span adjustments may not be included in the data averages computed
under this subsection. For owners and operators complying with the requirements
in s.
NR 440.07(6) (a) or
(b), data averages shall include any data
recorded during periods of monitor breakdown or malfunction. An arithmetic or
integrated average of all data may be used. The data may be recorded in reduced
or nonreduced form (for example, ppm pollutant and percent
O2 or ng of pollutant per J of heat input). All excess
emissions shall be converted into units of the standard using the applicable
conversion procedures specified in the standards. After conversion into units
of the standard, the data may be rounded to the same number of significant
digits used in the standard to specify the emission limit (for example, rounded
to the nearest one percent opacity).
(9) After receipt and consideration of
written application, the department may approve alternatives to any monitoring
procedures or requirements of this chapter including, but not limited to the
following:
(a) Alternative monitoring
requirements when installation of a continuous monitoring system or monitoring
device specified by this chapter would not provide accurate measurements due to
liquid water or other interferences caused by substances with the effluent
gases.
(b) Alternative monitoring
requirements when the affected facility is infrequently operated.
(c) Alternative monitoring requirements to
accommodate continuous monitoring systems that require additional measurements
to correct for stack moisture conditions.
(d) Alternative locations for installing
continuous monitoring systems or monitoring devices when the owner or operator
can demonstrate that installation at alternate locations will enable accurate
and representative measurements.
(e) Alternative methods of converting
pollutant concentration measurements to units of the standards.
(f) Alternative procedures for performing
daily checks of zero and span drift that do not involve use of span gases or
tests cells.
(g) Alternatives to
the ASTM test methods or sampling procedures specified by any section of this
chapter.
(h) Alternative continuous
monitoring systems that do not meet the design or performance requirements in
Performance Specification 1 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 440.17, but adequately demonstrate a definite and
consistent relationship between their measurements and the measurements of
opacity by a system complying with the requirements in Performance
Specification 1. The department may require that a demonstration be performed
for each affected facility.
(i)
Alternative monitoring requirements when the emission from a single affected
facility or the combined emissions from 2 or more affected facilities are
released to the atmosphere through more than one point.
(10) An alternative to the relative accuracy
test specified in Performance Specification 2 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B,
incorporated by reference in s.
NR 440.17(1), may be requested as
follows:
(a) An alternative to the reference
method test for determining relative accuracy is available for sources with
emission rates demonstrated to be less than 50% of the applicable standard. A
source owner or operator may petition the administrator to waive the relative
accuracy test in section 8.4 of Performance Specification 2 and substitute the
procedures in section 16.0 if the results of a performance test conducted
according to the requirements in s.
NR 440.08 or
other tests performed following the criteria in s.
NR 440.08
demonstratet hatthee mission rate of the pollutant of interest in the units of
the applicable standard is less than 50% of the applicable standard. For
sources subject to standards expressed as control efficiency levels, a source
owner or operator may petition the administrator to waive the relative accuracy
test and substitute the procedures in section 16.0 of Performance Specification
2 if the control device exhaust emission rate is less than 50% of the level
needed to meet the control efficiency requirement. The alternative procedures
do not apply if the continuous emission monitoring system is used to determine
compliance continuously with the applicable standard. The petition to waive the
relative accuracy test shall include a detailed description of the procedures
to be applied. Included shall be location and procedure for conducting the
alternative, the concentration or response levels of the alternative relative
accuracy materials, and the other equipment checks included in the alternative
procedure. The administrator shall review the petition for completeness and
applicability. The determination to grant a waiver will depend on the intended
use of the CEMS data (for example, data collection purposes other than NSPS)
and may require specifications more stringent than in Performance Specification
2 (for example, the applicable emission limit is more stringent than
NSPS).
(b) The waiver of a CEMS
relative accuracy test shall be reviewed and may be rescinded at the time,
following successful completion of the alternative relative accuracy procedure,
that the CEMS data indicate the source emissions are approaching the level of
the applicable standard. The criterion for reviewing the waiver is the
collection of CEMS data showing that emissions have exceeded 70% of the
applicable standard for 7 consecutive averaging periods as specified by the
applicable regulations. For sources subject to standards expressed as control
efficiency levels, the criterion for reviewing the waiver is the collection of
CEMS data showing that exhaust emissions have exceeded 70% of the level needed
to meet the control efficiency requirement for 7 consecutive averaging periods
as specified by the applicable regulations. It is the responsibility of the
source operator to maintain records and determine the level of emissions
relative to the criterion on the waiver of relative accuracy testing. If this
criterion is exceeded, the owner or operator shall notify the administrator
within 10 days of the occurrence and include a description of the nature and
cause of the increasing emissions. The administrator shall review the
notification and may rescind the waiver and require the owner or operator to
conduct a relative accuracy test of the CEMS as specified in section 8.4 of
Performance Specification 2.
