Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 400-499 - Environmental Protection - Air Pollution Control
Chapter NR 428 - Control Of Nitrogen Compound Emissions
Subchapter IV - NOX Reasonably Available Control Technology Requirements
Section NR 428.23 - Demonstrating compliance with emission limitations
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 428.23
Current through August 26, 2024
The owner or operator of an emissions unit shall determine the emissions unit's NOx emissions and shall determine compliance with the emission limitations in s. NR 428.22 according to the applicable methods in this section.
(1) EMISSIONS MONITORING REQUIREMENTS.
(a)
Installation and
operation. No later than April 1, 2009 or April 1 of the year an
emissions unit first becomes subject to an emission limitation in s.
NR 428.22, the owner or operator of the emissions unit
shall do the following:
1. Submit to the
department in writing, a certification of the installation and operation of all
monitoring systems or a certification of the completion of initial emission
performance tests required under par. (b).
2. Begin and continue to monitor, measure and
record all data necessary to determine emissions in the measurement units of
the applicable emission limitation according to the methods of this
section.
(b)
Monitoring systems and procedures.
1. `Part 75 continuous emissions monitoring.'
The owner or operator of an electric utility boiler or combustion turbine that
is subject to or becomes subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 75 and 40
CFR part 75, Appendices A to I, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(27), shall use those
monitoring methods and specifications for monitoring NOx
emissions for purposes of this subsection.
2. `Continuous emissions monitoring.' Except
as provided in subd. 1., the owner or operator of an emissions unit subject to
an emissions limitation in s.
NR 428.22(1) (a)
to (d) shall monitor
NOx emissions for requirements of this subsection
according to the following specifications, as applicable:
a. The owner or operator shall install and
operate a continuous emissions monitoring system that measures the hourly
average NOx emission rate.
b. The emissions monitoring system shall
consist of an NOx diluent continuous emissions analyzer
and, as applicable, an O2 or CO2
diluent continuous emissions analyzer to correct all emissions data and heat
rate values for the emissions unit to the same moisture and diluent gas basis,
as required in subd. 6. b.
c. The
owner or operator shall calibrate, maintain and operate the emissions
monitoring system according to the requirements of s.
NR 439.09(9), the applicable operating
requirements of
40 CFR
60.13, the performance specifications in 40
CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s.
NR
484.04(21) and the quality assurance
procedures of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(21m).
d. For an emissions unit subject to an
NOx emission limit on a pound per million Btu basis, the
emissions shall be determined using the F-factor method according to methods in
Method 19 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(16m).
e. Except for an emissions unit subject to
subd. 1. or an emissions unit subject to an emission limitation in s.
NR 428.22(1) (a)
1. to 4., an owner or operator of an
emissions unit may measure NOx emissions for compliance
determination purposes using continuous parametric monitoring methods meeting
emissions monitoring specifications in 40 CFR part 75, Appendix E, incorporated
by reference in s.
NR 484.04(26m) (cm).
3. `Periodic emissions performance
test.' Except as provided in subd. 1., the owner or operator of an emissions
unit subject to s.
NR 428.22(1) (e)
to (i) shall conduct an initial performance
test and a subsequent performance test every 2 years thereafter, according to
the following requirements, as applicable, to determine the emissions unit's
NOx emission rate for each fuel fired in the emissions
unit. A performance test is not required for a fuel used only for startup or
for a fuel constituting less than 1% of the unit's annual fuel consumption.
a. The emissions performance test shall be
conducted according to one of the following methods as applicable: Method 7,
7A, 7B, 7C, 7D or 7E in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference
in s.
NR 484.04(15m).
b. Except for units specified in subd. 3. c.,
the initial emissions performance test shall include a determination of the
capacity load point of the unit's maximum NOx emissions
rate based on one 30 minute test run at each capacity load point for which the
unit is operated, other than for startup and shutdown, in the load ranges of 20
to 30%, 45 to 55%, 70 to 80% and 90 to 100%.
c. The emissions performance tests for
emissions units subject to s.
NR 428.22(1) (g)
or (h) shall be conducted within 10% of full
load operation.
d. The emissions
performance test shall determine compliance based on the average of 3 60-minute
test runs performed at the capacity load specified in subd. 3. b. or
c.
e. An additional performance
test shall be conducted according to subd. 3. b. or c. within 90 days of
completing an equipment modification or change in fuel which has the potential
to increase the NOx emissions concentration or
rate.
4. `Continuous
monitoring for an output based standard.' In addition to applicable monitoring
and measuring requirements under subd. 2., the owner or operator of an
emissions unit subject to an output emission limitation in s.
NR 428.22(1)
(d) shall do the following:
a. Install, maintain and operate monitoring
equipment for measuring and recording the output on an hourly basis with plus
or minus 5% accuracy, in units consistent with the applicable emission
limitation.
b. Calculate on an
hourly basis, the output based emission rate as the hourly mass of
NOx emissions determined according to subd. 5. divided
by the emissions unit's total output for that hour.
5. `Continuous monitoring of total heat input
and mass emissions.' The owner or operator of an emissions unit required to
measure total heat input or mass NOx emissions for
requirements of subd. 4., sub. (2) (c) and s.
NR 428.25(1) (b) or (c) shall perform
the applicable measurements according to following:
a. Except as allowed in subd. 5. d., install,
calibrate, maintain and operate a volumetric flue gas flow monitoring system
meeting specifications in subd. 2. c. The hourly heat input shall be determined
using the F-factor and the as fired fuel heat content according to Method 19 of
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(16m).
b. Unless specified in Method 19 of 40 CFR
part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(16m), the heat content value
for each fuel shall be based on a heat content analysis.
c. The mass of NOx
emissions shall be determined on an hourly basis by either multiplying the
NOx concentration by the flue gas flow rate corrected
for diluent gas and moisture or, by multiplying the monitored hourly average
emission rate in mass per mmBtu by the total heat input as determined under
subd. 5. a. or b. The calculations of mass emissions are to be performed
according to conversion procedures in 40 CFR part 75, Appendix F, incorporated
by reference in s.
NR 484.04(26m) (d).
d. For a liquid or gaseous fuel fired system,
the total heat input and mass of NOx emissions may be
determined using a fuel flow monitoring system capable of determining the
hourly flow with plus or minus 5% accuracy and using continuous parametric
monitoring as specified under subd. 2. e. The total heat input shall be
calculated as the total fuel flow multiplied by the fuel heat
content.
6. `General
monitoring requirements.' Unless otherwise specified in this subsection, an
owner or operator shall meet the following requirements:
a. All certification tests or emissions
performance tests shall be performed according to procedures of s.
NR 439.07.
b.
The determination of emission rates, mass emissions and total heat input shall
be calculated and corrected to the same basis for flue gas moisture and diluent
gases according to Method 19 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by
reference in s.
NR 484.04(16m), or 40 CFR part 75,
Appendix F, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(26m) (d).
c. For emissions units with a common flue gas
stack system, all sampling locations and apportionment of emissions to an
individual emissions unit shall conform to applicable procedures and methods in
40 CFR part 75, Appendix F, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04(26m) (d).
7. `Malfunction and abatement.' An owner or
operator of an emissions unit subject to the malfunction and abatement plan
requirement of s.
NR 439.11 shall include a malfunction plan for the
emissions monitoring system and a monitoring and operating plan for continuing
operation of the emissions unit in a manner consistent with meeting all
applicable emission limitations during any period when the monitoring system
malfunctions or is inoperable other than for scheduled maintenance.
8. `Alternate emissions monitoring.' An owner
or operator of an emissions unit may request and monitor
NOx emissions for compliance determination purposes
using an equivalent alternative method to any requirement of this subsection
with written approval of the department and the administrator.
9. `Emissions monitoring preference.'
a. The owner or operator of an emissions unit
that installs and operates a continuous NOx emissions
monitoring system according to the requirements of 40 CFR part 75 shall satisfy
the applicable monitoring requirements of this section.
b. The owner or operator of an emissions unit
that installs and operates a continuous NOx emissions
monitoring system according to the requirements of 40 CFR part 60 shall satisfy
the applicable monitoring requirements of subd. 3.
(2) COMPILATION OF EMISSIONS. An owner or operator shall compile the measured emissions data in measurement units consistent with the units of the applicable emission limitation according to the following applicable calculation and tabulation methods for purposes of demonstrating compliance:
(a) Continuous emissions monitoring. When
measuring emissions according to requirements in sub.(1) (b) 1. or 2.:
1. The average emission rate shall be the
average of the hourly average emissions obtained from the continuous emissions
monitoring system for the hours the emissions unit operated during the
averaging period. The calculation is as follows:
where:
EA is the average emission rate for the compliance period in units consistent with units of the applicable emission limit
EH, j is the hourly average emission rate for each hour, j, for which the emissions unit is operating during the compliance period in units consistent with units of the applicable emission limit
n is the total number of hours the emissions unit operated during the compliance period
2. The 30-day rolling period shall consist of
the day of monitoring and the previous 29 consecutive calendar days. A new
30-day rolling average emission rate (EA) shall be calculated and recorded at
the end of each day.
(b)
Emissions performance testing. When measuring emissions
according to performance testing requirements of sub. (1) (b) 3., the 30-day
rolling average emission rate or concentration shall be the emissions
determined in sub. (1) (b) 3. d. for the most recent performance
test.
(c)
Multiple
fuel-fired emissions units. When measuring emissions for an emissions
unit firing multiple fuels, compliance shall be determined according to one of
the following methods:
1. The unit's
emissions shall be monitored and compiled according to applicable methods in
par. (a) or(b) for each individual fuel and compliance demonstrated with the
emission limitation for each fuel.
2. The unit's emissions and a multiple fuel
emission limit shall be determined on a total heat input fuel weighted basis
according to equation 3. A fuel representing less than 1% of the unit's annual
fuel consumption on a heat input basis may be excluded in determining the
multiple fuel emission limit.
where:
EHIWeighted is the heat input weighted multiple fuel emission rate or emission limitation for the compliance period in units consistent with the units of the emission limitation
Ef is the emission rate or emission limit for fuel f during the compliance period in units consistent with the units of the emission limitation
HIf is the total heat input for fuel f during the compliance period
n is the number of different fuels used during the compliance period
(d)
Total heat input and mass
emissions. When measuring hourly heat input or mass of
NOx emissions according to sub. (1) (b) 5., the totals
over a period of time shall be compiled according to the following procedures:
1. The total hourly heat input shall be
summed for the hours the emissions unit operated during the applicable period
of time according to equation 4.
where:
HItotal is the total heat input by fuel over the period of time
HIh is the heat input by fuel for hour h
n is the number of hours over which the specific fuel was burned
2. The total hourly
mass of NOx emissions shall be summed for the hours the
emissions unit operated during the applicable period of time according to
equation 5.
where:
NOx Masstotal is the total mass of NOx emissions over the period of time
Massh is the mass of NOx emissions for hour h
n is the number of hours the emissions unit is operating during the specified period of time
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