Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 400-499 - Environmental Protection - Air Pollution Control
Chapter NR 423 - Control Of Organic Compound Emissions From Solvent Cleaning Operations
Section NR 423.03 - Solvent metal cleaning
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 423.03
Current through August 26, 2024
(1) APPLICABILITY. Except as provided in sub. (8), this section applies, with a final compliance deadline of May 1, 1980, or as provided by a compliance schedule issued or approved pursuant to s. NR 425.03(5), to cold cleaning, open top vapor degreasing and conveyorized vapor degreasing operations. This section also applies, with a final compliance deadline of May 1, 1988, except as provided in sub. (8), to conveyorized non-vapor degreasing operations and, under the compliance provisions of sub. (8) (c), to wipe cleaning operations.
Note: Owners and operators of solvent cleaning operations should refer to sub. (2) (h) and (i) and ch. NR 469.
(2) EXEMPTIONS. The owner or operator of any facility located in Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha county and which claims to be exempt under this subsection from any requirement of subs. (3) to (7) shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements of sub. (10). The following exemptions apply to the source categories indicated:
(a) This section
does not apply to individual cold cleaners to which not more than 5.7 liters
(1.5 gallons) of solvent is added per day, or to individual open top vapor,
conveyorized vapor or conveyorized non-vapor degreasers whose emissions of VOCs
are not more than 6.8 kilograms (15 pounds) in any one day provided the
following conditions are met:
1. The degreaser
is located outside the counties of Brown, Calumet, Dane, Dodge, Door, Fond du
Lac, Jefferson, Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Outagamie, Ozaukee,
Racine, Rock, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha, and
Winnebago.
2. The emission rates
from open top vapor and conveyorized vapor degreasers are determined and
certified before October 1, 1979 in a manner approved by the department, and
the emission rates from conveyorized non-vapor degreasers are determined and
certified before May 1, 1988 in a manner approved by the department.
(b) This section also does not
apply to sources used exclusively for chemical or physical analysis or
determination of product quality and commercial acceptance where all of the
following conditions are met:
1. The
operation of the source is not an integral part of the production
process.
2. The emissions from the
source do not exceed 363 kilograms (800 pounds) in any calendar
month.
3. The exemption is approved
in writing by the department.
(c) An individual cold cleaner which is:
1. Located outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee,
Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha
counties and which has an open area smaller than 0.10 square meter (1.1 square
feet) is exempt from the requirements of sub. (3) (b) to (g).
2. Located outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee,
Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha
counties is exempt from the requirements of sub. (3) (h), (i) and
(j).
3. Located inside Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or
Waukesha county and which has an open area smaller than 0.10 square meter (1.1
square feet), and to which not more than 5.7 liters (1.5 gallons) of solvent is
added per day, is exempt from the requirements of sub. (3) (b) to
(j).
(d) An individual
open top vapor degreaser which is:
1. Located
outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan,
Washington, and Waukesha counties and which has an open area smaller than 1.0
square meter (10.8 square feet) is exempt from the requirements of sub. (4)
(c).
2. Located outside of Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and
Waukesha counties is exempt from the requirements of sub. (4) (n) to
(q).
3. Located inside Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or
Waukesha county and which has an open area smaller than 1.0 square meter (10.8
square feet), and whose emissions of VOCs are not more than 6.8 kilograms (15
pounds) in any one day, is exempt from the requirements of sub. (4) (c), (n),
(o) and (p).
(e) An
individual conveyorized vapor degreaser which is:
1. Located outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee,
Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha
counties and which has an open area smaller than 2.0 square meters (21.6 square
feet) is exempt from the requirements of sub. (5) (c).
2. Located outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee,
Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha
counties is exempt from the requirements of sub. (5) (h), (i), and
(j).
3. Located inside Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or
Waukesha county and which has an open area smaller than 2.0 square meters (21.6
square feet), and whose emissions of VOCs are not more than 6.8 kilograms (15
pounds) in any one day, is exempt from the requirements of sub. (5)
(c).
(f) An individual
conveyorized non-vapor degreaser which is:
1.
Located outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine,
Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha counties and which has a total horizontal
solvent-air interface smaller than 2.0 square meters (21.6 square feet), where
such an interface exists, is exempt from the requirements of sub. (6) (a)
2.
2. Located outside of Brown,
Calumet, Dane, Dodge, Door, Fond du Lac, Jefferson, Kenosha, Kewaunee,
Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Racine, Rock, Sheboygan, Walworth,
Washington, Waukesha, and Winnebago counties is exempt from sub. (6) (a)
2.
3. Located outside of Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and
Waukesha counties is exempt from the requirements of sub. (6) (a) 8. and
9.
4. Located inside Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or
Waukesha county and which has an open area smaller than 2.0 square meters (21.6
square feet), and whose emissions of VOCs are not more than 6.8 kilograms (15
pounds) in any one day, is exempt from the requirements of sub. (6) (a)
2.
(g) An individual
wipe cleaning operation which is:
1. Located
outside of Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan,
Washington, and Waukesha counties is exempt from the requirements of this
section.
2. Located inside Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or
Waukesha county and whose emissions of VOCs are not more than 6.8 kilograms (15
pounds) in any one day is exempt from the requirements of sub. (7)
(d).
(h) This section
does not apply to solvent metal cleaning operations using only cleaning
solvents that have a VOC content of 2.0% or less by volume.
(i) This section does not apply to any
individual cold cleaning, batch vapor degreasing or conveyorized degreasing
operation that is subject to ch. NR 469.
(3) COLD CLEANERS. Except as provided under sub. (2) (a), (b), (c), (h) and (i), the owner or operator of a cold cleaning facility shall do all of the following:
(a)
Equip the cleaner with a cover.
(b)
Design the cover so that it can be easily operated with one hand if any of the
following applies:
1. The solvent volatility
is greater than 2 kPa (0.3 psia) measured at 38°C (100°F).
2. The solvent is agitated.
3. The solvent is heated.
(c) Equip the cleaner with a
facility for draining cleaned parts, and the drainage facility shall be
constructed internally so that parts are enclosed under the cover while
draining if the solvent volatility is greater than 4.3 kPa (0.6 psia) measured
at 38ºC (100°F), except that the drainage facility may be external for
applications where an internal type cannot fit into the cleaning
system.
(d) Install one of the
following control devices if the solvent volatility is greater than 4.3 kPa
(0.6 psia) measured at 38°C (100°F), or if the solvent is heated above
49°C (120°F):
1. Freeboard that gives
a freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.70.
2. Water cover (solvent must be insoluble in
and heavier than water).
3. Other
systems of equivalent control, such as refrigerated chiller or carbon
adsorption, approved by the department.
(e) If used, supply a solvent spray that is a
solid fluid stream (not a fine, atomized or shower type spray) at a pressure
which does not cause extensive splashing.
(f) Provide a permanent, conspicuous label,
summarizing the operating requirements.
(g) Provide supervision or instruction
adequate to ensure that the operation is conducted in accord with all of the
following:
1. Close the cover whenever parts
are not being handled in the cleaner.
2. Drain the cleaned parts for at least 15
seconds or until dripping ceases.
3. Store waste solvent only in covered
containers and not dispose of waste solvent or transfer it to another person in
such a way as to cause greater than 15% of the waste solvent, by weight, to
evaporate into the ambient air during the ozone season, s.
NR 419.04
notwithstanding.
4. Repair solvent
leaks immediately, or shut down the degreaser until the leaks are
repaired.
(h) Design the
cover so that it is either a roll-top cover, a canvas curtain cover, a
guillotine (biparting) cover, or any other type of cover that slides off the
degreaser in a horizontal motion and is designed such that it can be opened or
closed without disturbing the vapor layer or the solvent surface if any of the
following applies:
1. The solvent volatility
is greater than 2 kPa (0.3 psia) measured at 38°C (100°F).
2. The solvent is agitated.
3. The solvent is heated.
(i) If freeboard is chosen as a
control device under par. (d), design or modify the freeboard to give a
freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 1.0.
(j) If a system of equivalent control is
chosen under par. (d) 3., the level of control shall be equivalent to that
achieved under a freeboard ratio of 1.0.
(4) OPEN TOP VAPOR DEGREASERS. Except as provided under sub. (2) (a), (b), (d), (h), and (i), the owner or operator of an open top vapor degreaser shall do all of the following:
(a) Equip the vapor degreaser with a cover
that can be opened and closed easily without disturbing the vapor
zone.
(b) Provide the following
safety switches:
1. A condenser flow switch
or other switching system which shuts off the sump heat if the condenser
coolant is either not circulating or too warm.
2. A thermostatically activated control
switch which shuts off the sump heat when the vapor level rises above the upper
boundary of the normal range.
3. A
spray safety switch which shuts off the spray pump if the vapor level does not
stay within the normal range.
(c) Install and use one of the following
control devices:
1. Except when par. (o)
applies, a freeboard ratio equal to or greater than 0.75 for all degreasers,
with a powered or mechanically assisted cover for any degreaser with an opening
which is greater than 1.0 square meter (10.8 square feet).
2. Refrigerated freeboard chiller.
3. Enclosed design (cover or door opens only
when the dry part is actually entering or exiting the degreaser).
4. Ventilation greater than or equal to 15
cubic meters per minute per square meter (50 cubic feet per minute per square
foot) of air-vapor area (when cover is open), all passing through a carbon
adsorption system which exhausts less than 25 parts per million of solvent
averaged over one complete adsorption cycle.
5. A control system demonstrated to have
control efficiency equivalent to or greater than any of subds.1. to 4. and
approved by the department.
(d) Position any ventilation fans so that
they do not disturb the degreaser's vapor zone, and limit exhaust ventilation
to 20 cubic meters per minute per square meter (65 cubic feet per minute per
square foot) of degreaser open area during the ozone season, unless a higher
exhaust rate is necessary to meet OSHA requirements.
(e) Keep the cover closed at all times except
when processing workloads through the degreaser.
(f) Always spray below the vapor
level.
(g) Minimize solvent
carryout by doing all of the following:
1.
Racking parts to allow complete drainage.
2. Moving parts in and out of the degreaser
at less than 3.3 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
3. Holding the parts in the vapor zone at
least 30 seconds or until condensation ceases.
4. Tipping out any pools of solvent on the
cleaned parts before removal from the vapor zone.
5. Allowing parts to dry within the degreaser
for at least 15 seconds or until visually dry.
(h) Prevent porous or absorbent materials,
such as cloth, leather, wood, or rope, from entering the degreaser.
(i) Move parts in and out of the degreaser at
less than 1.5 meters per minute (4.9 feet per minute) if the workload occupies
more than 50% of the degreaser's open top area.
(j) Except where a load cannot be divided,
avoid loading the degreaser to the point where the vapor level would drop more
than 10 centimeters (4 inches) when the workload is placed in the vapor
zone.
(k) Operate the degreaser in
a manner that prevents water from being visually detectable in solvent exiting
the water separator.
(l) Follow the
requirements of sub. (3) (g) 3. and 4.
(m) Provide a permanent, conspicuous label,
summarizing the operating procedures of pars. (e) to (i), and (q) if
applicable, and provide supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that the
procedures are followed.
(n) Equip
the vapor degreaser with an enclosed design, such that the cover or door opens
only when the dry part is actually entering or exiting the degreaser, that is
either a roll-top cover, a canvas curtain cover, a guillotine (biparting)
cover, or any other type of cover that slides off the degreaser in a horizontal
motion and is designed such that it can be opened or closed without disturbing
the vapor layer or the solvent surface, and if the degreaser opening is greater
than 2.0 square meters (21.6 square feet), then design the cover to be an
automated, powered or mechanically assisted sliding cover.
(o) Under par. (c), if par. (c) 1. is chosen,
design or modify the freeboard to give a freeboard ratio equal to or greater
than 1.0.
(p) If a system of
equivalent control is chosen under par. (c) 5., the level of control shall be
equivalent to that achieved under a freeboard ratio of 1.0.
(q) At startup, turn on the refrigerated
condenser and the refrigerated freeboard chiller either simultaneously with or
before turning on the sump heater. At shutdown, turn off the sump heater either
simultaneously with or before turning off the refrigerated condenser and
refrigerated freeboard chiller.
(5) CONVEYORIZED VAPOR DEGREASERS. Except as provided under sub. (2) (a), (b), (e), (h), and (i), the owner or operator of a conveyorized vapor degreaser shall do all of the following:
(a) Minimize entrance and exit openings
during operation so that no opening dimension exceeds the smallest physically
possible by more than 20 centimeters (8 inches) or by more than 20% of the
opening dimension, whichever is smaller.
(b) Provide the following safety switches:
1. A condenser flow switch or other switching
system which shuts off the sump heat if the condenser coolant is either not
circulating or too warm.
2. A
thermostatically activated control switch which shuts off the sump heat when
the vapor level rises above the upper boundary of the normal range.
3. A spray safety switch which shuts off the
spray pump or the conveyor if the vapor level does not stay within the normal
range.
(c) Install and
use one of the following control devices:
1.
Refrigerated freeboard chiller.
2.
Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation greater than or equal to 15 cubic
meters per minute per square meter (50 cubic feet per minute per square foot)
of air-vapor area (when downtime covers are open), and exhausting less that 25
parts per million of solvent by volume averaged over a complete adsorption
cycle.
3. A system demonstrated to
have a control efficiency equivalent to or greater than subd.1. or 2. and
approved by the department.
(d) Provide downtime covers for closing off
the entrance and exit during shutdown hours.
(e) Place downtime covers over entrances and
exits of conveyorized vapor degreasers immediately after the conveyors and
exhausts are shut down and not remove them until just before startup.
(f) Minimize carryout emissions by doing all
of the following:
1. Using a drying tunnel,
rotating (tumbling) basket or their equivalent.
2. Racking parts for best drainage.
3. Maintaining the vertical conveyor speed at
less than 3.3 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
(g) Follow the requirements of subs. (3) (g)
3. and 4. and (4) (d) and (k).
(h)
Minimize entrance and exit openings during operation so that no opening
dimension exceeds the smallest physically possible by more than 10 centimeters
(4 inches) or by more than 10% of the opening dimension, whichever is
smaller.
(i) At startup, turn on
the refrigerated condenser and the refrigerated freeboard chiller either
simultaneously with or before turning on the sump heater. At shutdown, turn off
the sump heater either simultaneously with or before turning off the
refrigerated condenser and refrigerated freeboard chiller.
(j) Provide a permanent, conspicuous label
summarizing the operating procedures of pars. (e) to (i), and provide
supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that the procedures are
followed.
(6) CONVEYORIZED NON-VAPOR DEGREASERS.
(a)
Control requirements. Except as provided under sub. (2)
(a),(b), (f), (h), and (i), the owner or operator of a conveyorized non-vapor
degreaser shall do all of the following:
1.
Minimize entrance and exit openings during operation so that no opening
dimension exceeds the smallest physically possible by more than 20 centimeters
(8 inches) or by more than 20% of the opening dimension, whichever is
smaller.
2. Install and operate one
of the following control systems:
a. A carbon
adsorption system demonstrated to have at least a 95% control efficiency, as
measured across the carbon adsorption equipment and averaged over a complete
adsorption cycle.
b. A system,
demonstrated to have a control efficiency equivalent to or greater than that
described in subd. 2. a., and approved by the department.
3. Provide downtime covers for closing off
the entrance and exit during shutdown hours.
4. Place downtime covers over the entrances
and exits of conveyorized non-vapor degreasers immediately after the conveyors
and exhausts are shut down and not remove them until just before
startup.
5. Minimize carryout
emissions by:
a. Use of rollers to remove
excess solvent in strip cleaning operations.
b. Arranging parts for best drainage in mesh
belt cleaning operations and other conveyorized non-vapor degreasing
operations.
6. Store
waste solvent in covered containers and not dispose of waste solvents or
transfer it to another person in such a way as to cause greater than 15% of the
waste solvent, by weight, to evaporate into the ambient air during the ozone
season.
7. Repair solvent leaks
immediately, or shut down the degreaser and drain it of all solvent until the
leaks are repaired.
8. Minimize
entrance and exit openings during operation so that no opening dimension
exceeds the smallest physically possible by more than 10 centimeters (4 inches)
or by more than 10% of the opening dimension, whichever is smaller.
9. Provide a permanent, conspicuous label,
summarizing the operating procedures of subds. 4. to 7., and provide
supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that the procedures are
followed.
(b)
Compliance schedule. The owner or operator of a conveyorized
non-vapor degreaser subject to the control requirements of par.(a) 2. shall
achieve final compliance on or before May 1, 1988.
(7) WIPE CLEANING. Except as provided under sub. (2) (b), (g), and (h), the owner or operator of a wipe cleaning operation shall do all of the following:
(a) Immediately
after use, place all rags, or any other porous materials used to apply solvent,
in a covered container that is labeled as waste solvent, and handled in
accordance with local, state and federal regulations.
(b) Store waste solvent only in covered
containers labeled as waste solvent and handled in accordance with local, state
and federal regulations.
(c) Follow
operating procedures which prevent solvent from dripping from the applicator
during solvent application.
(d)
Install and operate one of the following emission control systems:
1. A vapor collection system that includes a
carbon adsorption system demonstrated to have at least a 90% capture
efficiency, and a 90% control efficiency as measured across the carbon
adsorption equipment and averaged over a complete adsorption cycle.
2. Use of a solvent with a volatility of less
than 2 kPa (0.3 psia) measured at 38°C (100°F).
3. A system demonstrated to have a control
efficiency equivalent to or greater than that described in subd.1. or 2. and
approved by the department.
(e) Provide a permanent, conspicuous label,
summarizing the operating procedures of pars.(a) to (c), and provide
supervision or instruction adequate to ensure that the procedures of pars.(a)
to (c) are followed.
(8) COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE. This subsection applies only to facilities located in Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha counties.
(a)
Previously regulated
operations.
1. This paragraph applies
only to a facility which is in existence on September 1, 1994 and which:
a. Prior to September 1, 1994 was subject to
all requirements of sub. (3), (4), (5), or (6).
b. Is subject to sub. (3) (h), (i), or (j),
(4) (n) to (q), (5) (h), (i) or (j), or (6) (a) 8. or 9. as of September 1,
1994.
2. The owner or
operator of any source identified under subd.1. shall:
a. Remain in compliance with all requirements
of sub. (3), (4), (5), or (6) to which the owner or operator was subject prior
to September 1, 1994.
b. Achieve
final compliance with the requirements of sub. (3) (h), (i), or (j), (4) (n) to
(q), (5) (h), (i), or (j), or (6) (a) 8. or 9. as soon as practicable, but no
later than May 15, 1995.
(b)
Previously exempt
operations.
1. This paragraph applies
only to a facility which is in existence on September 1, 1994 and which is
subject to requirements under sub. (3) (b) to (g), (4) (c), (5) (c), or (6) (a)
2. as of September 1, 1994 and which prior to September 1, 1994 was exempt from
the requirements of sub. (3) (b) to (g) under sub. (2) (c), from the
requirements of sub. (4) (c) under sub. (2) (d), from the requirements of sub.
(5) (c) under sub. (2) (e), or from the requirements of sub. (6) (a) 2. under
sub. (2) (f).
2. The owner or
operator of any source identified under subd.1. shall achieve final compliance
with the applicable requirements as soon as practicable, but no later than
September 15, 1995.
(c)
Wipe cleaning operations.
1.
This paragraph applies only to a facility which is in existence on September 1,
1994 and which is subject to the requirements of sub. (7) as of September 1,
1994.
2. The owner or operator of
any source identified under subd.1. shall achieve final compliance with the
requirements of sub. (7) as soon as practicable, but no later than May 15,
1996.
(9) EQUIVALENT CONTROL. Any equivalent control system approved by the department under sub. (3) (d) 3. or (j), (4) (c) 5. or (p), (5) (c) 3., (6) (a) 2. b., or (7) (d) 3. shall be submitted to, and will not become effective for federal purposes until approved by, the administrator as a source-specific revision to the department's state implementation plan for ozone.
(10) RECORDKEEPING. This subsection applies only to facilities located in Kenosha, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha county. As of September 1, 1994, each owner or operator of a degreasing operation that is exempt from the requirements of subs. (3) to (7), under sub. (2) (c) to (g), shall collect and record the information specified in this paragraph, as appropriate to support the exemption. The following information shall be maintained on the facility premises for a minimum of 3 years and shall be made available upon request to an authorized department representative at any time during normal working hours:
(a) A unique name or identification
number for each degreaser or wipe cleaning operation.
(b) The volume of solvent used or added per
day for each individual degreaser or wipe cleaning operation, in units of
gallons.
(c) The VOC emissions, in
units of pounds or kilograms per day, from each individual degreaser or wipe
cleaning operation.
(d) The density
of the solvent used, in units of pounds per gallon.
(e) The VOC content of the solvent, expressed
as percent by volume.
Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Wisconsin may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
