Wisconsin Administrative Code
Department of Natural Resources
NR 400-499 - Environmental Protection - Air Pollution Control
Chapter NR 422 - Control Of Organic Compound EmissionsFrom Surface Coating, Printing And Asphalt Surfacing Operations
Section NR 422.14 - Graphic arts
Universal Citation: WI Admin Code ยง NR 422.14
Current through August 26, 2024
(1) APPLICABILITY.
(a) Subsections (2), (3), and (5) apply to
the printing lines of all packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure, and
flexographic printing facilities that are either of the following:
1. Located in the county of Kenosha,
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, or Waukesha and which have maximum
theoretical emissions of VOC from the facility greater than or equal to 25 tons
per year.
2. Located outside of the
counties of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, and Waukesha and
which have maximum theoretical emissions of VOC from the facility greater than
or equal to 100 ton per year.
(b) Except as provided in sub. (1m), subs.
(4) and (5) apply to the owner or operator of any rotogravure printing press,
except flexible packaging rotogravure, or any flexographic printing press,
except flexible packaging flexographic, at a facility located in the county of
Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha, if VOC
emissions from all industrial cleaning operations, before consideration of
controls, equal or exceed 3 tons per year on a 12 consecutive month rolling
basis.
(1m) EXEMPTIONS. The following exemptions are applicable to various provisions of this section:
(a) Subsection (4) does not apply to the
stripping of cured coatings or cured inks.
(b) Subsection (4) (a) does not apply to
cleaning conducted in conjunction with performance laboratory testing on
coatings or inks; research and development programs; and laboratory tests in
quality assurance laboratories.
(c)
Subsection (4) (a) and (e) do not apply to cleaning with aerosol products if
160 fluid ounces or less of VOC-containing aerosol products are used per day
for industrial cleaning operations per facility.
(d) Subsection (4) (a), (d), (e), and (f) do
not apply to digital printing.
(e)
Subsection (4) (e) does not apply to cleaning with solvents or solvent
solutions in spray bottles or containers described in sub. (4) (b) 2.
(f) Subsection (4) (e) does not apply to the
cleaning of the nozzle tips of automated spray equipment systems, except for
robotic systems that are programmed to spray into a closed container.
(2) EMISSION LIMITATIONS. No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure or flexographic printing line may operate, or cause, allow or permit the operation of the line unless one of the following requirements is met:
(a) The volatile fraction of ink, as it is
applied to the substrate, contains 25% by volume or less of VOC and 75% by
volume or more of water.
(b) The
ink, as it is applied to the substrate, less water, contains 60% by volume or
more nonvolatile material.
(c) The
owner or operator installs and operates one of the following:
1. A vapor recovery system which reduces the
VOC emissions from the capture system by at least 90% by weight.
2. An incineration or catalytic oxidation
system, provided that 90% by weight of the VOCs, VOC measured as total
combustible carbon, which enter the incinerator or oxidation unit are oxidized
to nonorganic compounds.
3. An
alternative VOC emission reduction system demonstrated to have at least a 90%
reduction efficiency, as measured across the control system, and approved by
the department. Any approval granted by the department under this subdivision
shall be submitted to, and will not become effective for federal purposes until
approved by, the administrator or designee as a source-specific revision to the
department's state implementation plan for ozone.
(3) CONTROL SYSTEM. The overall emission reduction efficiency of any capture system and control device used in conjunction with sub. (2) (c) shall be at least:
(a) 75% where a publication rotogravure
process is employed.
(b) 65% where
a packaging rotogravure process is employed.
(c) 60% where a flexographic printing process
is employed.
(4) INDUSTRIAL CLEANING OPERATIONS. Beginning on March 1, 2013, the owner or operator of a facility subject to this subsection shall meet the requirements of this subsection:
(a)
Solvent and
solvent solution requirements. Except as provided under par. (d), no
owner or operator of a facility may cause, allow or permit the use of a solvent
or solvent solution for industrial cleaning operations unless the VOC content
of the solvent or solvent solution is less than or equal to the applicable VOC
content listed in Table 4 for the respective cleaning operation. For the
purposes of this subsection, VOC content shall be defined as in s.
NR 423.02(11r).
Table 4
VOC Content Limits for Solvents and Solvent Solutions Used in Industrial Cleaning Operation
|
Cleaning Activity |
VOC Content of Solvent or Solvent Solution in kilograms per liter (pounds per gallon) |
|
|
1. |
Product cleaning or surface preparation during manufacturing process |
0.05 (0.42) |
|
2. |
Repair cleaning or maintenance cleaning |
0.05 (0.42) |
|
3. |
Cleaning of ink application equipment |
|
|
a. Flexographic except flexible packaging and except ultraviolet |
0.05 (0.42) |
|
|
b. Non-flexible packaging rotogravure except ultraviolet |
0.05 (0.42) |
|
|
c. Publication rotogravure except ultraviolet |
0.10 (0.83) |
|
|
d. Ultraviolet |
0.65 (5.4) |
(b)
Cleaning devices and methods requirements. Except as provided
under par. (d), the owner or operator of a facility shall comply with the
following requirements associated with the identified cleaning devices or
methods when using solvents or solvent solutions:
1. Physically rub a surface with a porous
applicator such as a rag, paper, sponge, or a cotton swab moistened with
solvent or solvent solution.
2.
Closed containers or hand held spray bottles from which solvents or solvent
solutions are applied without a propellant-induced force.
3. Cleaning equipment which has a solvent or
solvent solution container that is closed during cleaning operations, except
when depositing and removing objects to be cleaned, and is closed during
non-operation with the exception of maintenance and repair to the cleaning
equipment itself.
4. A remote
reservoir cleaner operated in compliance with all of the following
requirements:
a. Solvent vapors are prevented
from escaping from the solvent or solvent solution container by using devices
such as a cover or a valve when the remote reservoir is not being used,
cleaned, or repaired.
b. Flow is
directed in a manner that prevents solvent or solvent solution from splashing
outside of the remote reservoir cleaner.
c. The cleaner is not used for cleaning
porous or absorbent materials, such as cloth, leather, wood, or rope.
d. Only solvent or solvent solution
containers free of all liquid leaks are used. Auxiliary equipment, such as
pumps, pipelines, or flanges, may not have any liquid leaks, visible tears, or
cracks. Any liquid leak, visible tear, or crack detected shall be repaired
within one calendar day, or the leaking section of the remote reservoir cleaner
shall be drained of all solvents or solvent solutions and shut down until it is
replaced or repaired.
5.
A non-atomized flow method where the used solvents or solvent solutions are
collected in a container or a collection system which is closed, except for the
solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when filling
or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve.
6. A flushing method where the used solvents
or solvent solutions are discharged into a container which is closed, except
for the solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when
filling or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve.
The discharged solvents or solvent solutions shall be collected into containers
without atomizing into the open air.
(c)
Storage and disposal.
The owner or operator of a facility shall store all solvents or solvent
solutions used in industrial cleaning operations in non-absorbent, non-leaking
containers which shall be kept covered except when filling or emptying. Cloth
and paper moistened with solvents or solvent solutions shall be stored in
covered, non-absorbent, non-leaking containers.
(d)
Control equipment. In
lieu of complying with the requirements in pars. (a) and (b), the owner or
operator of a facility may use a VOC emission control system to control VOC
emissions from the industrial cleaning operations at the facility provided one
of the following requirements is met:
1. The
emission control system has a minimum overall emission reduction efficiency of
85% for VOC emissions, as determined in accordance with s.
NR 439.06(3) (am).
2. The emission control system has a minimum
VOC capture efficiency of 90% and an output of VOC emissions of less than 50
ppm calculated as carbon, not including methane and ethane, with no dilution,
as determined in accordance with s.
NR 439.06(3) (a).
(e)
General prohibitions.
The owner or operator of a facility may not atomize any solvent or solvent
solution unless the resulting VOC emissions are controlled by an air pollution
control system that meets one of the requirements of par. (d).
(f)
Alternative compliance
option. In lieu of complying with the requirements in par. (a), the
owner or operator of a facility may use solvents or solvent solutions for
industrial cleaning operations which have a VOC composite partial vapor
pressure of less than or equal to 8 mm of Hg at 20°C.
(5) RECORDKEEPING. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s. NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure or flexographic printing facility shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to a department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is:
(a) For each operation that is exempt under
sub. (1m) (c), the daily quantity in fluid ounces of VOC-containing aerosol
product used for industrial cleaning operations.
(b) For each operation that is subject to
sub. (4), the following information as appropriate:
1. The name and identification of each
cleaning material and the associated solvent cleaning activity.
2. The VOC content of each cleaning material,
in pounds per gallon of material, as employed or the VOC composite partial
vapor pressure of the solvents or solvent solutions used in industrial cleaning
operations.
3. For any operation
subject to sub. (4) (d), the results of any testing conducted as required under
sub. (4) (d).
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