Current through Register Vol. 24-06, March 15, 2024
To demonstrate compliance with this chapter, refer to WAC
173-400-105.
(1) Petroleum refineries.
This chapter shall apply to all petroleum refineries with a
crude oil or feed stock capacity greater than one million four hundred thirty
thousand liters (9,000 bbl) per day.
(a) Vacuum producing system.
(i) Noncondensable VOC from vacuum producing
systems shall be piped to an appropriate firebox, incinerator or to a closed
refinery system.
(ii) Hot wells
associated with contact condensers shall be tightly covered and the collected
VOC introduced into a closed refinery system.
(b) Wastewater separator.
(i) Wastewater separator forebays shall
incorporate a floating pontoon or fixed solid cover with all openings sealed,
totally enclosing the compartmented liquid contents, or a floating pontoon or a
double deck-type cover equipped with closure seals between the cover edge and
compartment wall.
(ii) Accesses for
gauging and sampling shall be designed to minimize VOC emissions during actual
use. All access points shall be closed with suitable covers when not in
use.
(c) Process unit
turnaround.
(i) The VOC contained in a process
unit to be depressurized for turnaround shall be introduced to a closed
refinery system, combusted by a flare, or vented to a disposal
system.
(ii) The pressure in a
process unit following depressurization for turnaround shall be less than five
psig before venting to the ambient air.
(iii) Venting or depressurization to the
ambient air of a process unit for turnaround at a pressure greater than five
psig shall be allowed if the owner demonstrates the actual emission of VOC to
the ambient air is less than permitted by WAC
173-490-040(1)(c)(ii).
(d) Maintenance and operation of
emission control equipment. Equipment for the reduction, collection or disposal
of VOC shall be maintained and operated in a manner consistent with the level
of maintenance and housekeeping of the overall plant.
(2) Petroleum liquid storage tanks.
(a) All fixed-roof tanks (except as noted in
subparagraph (d) of this subsection) storing volatile organic petroleum liquids
with a true vapor pressure as stored greater than 78 mm of Hg (1.5 psi) at
actual monthly average storage temperatures and having a capacity greater than
one hundred fifty thousand liters (40,000 gallons) shall comply with one of the
following:
(i) Meet the equipment
specifications and maintenance requirements of the federal standards of
performance for new stationary sources - Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids
( 40 C.F.R. 60, subpart K); or
(ii)
Be retrofitted with a floating roof or internal floating cover using a metallic
seal or a nonmetallic resilient seal at least meeting the equipment
specifications of the federal standards referred to in WAC
173-490-040(2)(a)(i)
or its equivalent; or
(iii) Be fitted with a floating roof or
internal floating cover meeting the manufacturer's specifications in effect
when installed.
(b) All
seals used in WAC
173-490-040(2)(a)(ii) and
(iii) are to be maintained in good operating
condition and the seal fabric shall contain no visible holes, tears or other
openings.
(c) All openings not
related to safety are to be sealed with suitable closures.
(d) Tanks used for the storage of gasoline in
bulk gasoline plants and equipped with vapor balance systems as required in WAC
173-490-040(4)(b)
shall be exempt from the requirements of WAC
173-490-040(2).
(3) Gasoline loading terminals.
(a) This chapter shall apply to all gasoline
loading terminals with an average annual daily gasoline throughput greater than
seventy-five thousand liters (20,000 gallons).
(b) Loading facilities. Facilities for the
purpose of loading gasoline into any transport tank shall be equipped with a
vapor recovery system (VRS) as described in WAC
173-490-040(3)(c)
and comply with the following conditions:
(i)
The loading facility shall employ submerged or bottom loading for all transport
tanks.
(ii) The VRS shall be
connected to the transport tank being loaded and shall operate during the
entire loading of every transport tank loaded at the facility.
(iii) The loading of all transport tanks
shall be performed such that ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors
displaced during filling are prevented from being released to the ambient air.
Emissions from pressure relief valves shall not be included in the controlled
emissions when the back pressure in the VRS collection lines is lower than the
relief pressure setting of the transport tank's relief valves.
(iv) All loading lines and vapor lines shall
be equipped to close automatically upon disconnect. The point of closure shall
be on the tank side of any hose or intermediate connecting line.
(c) Vapor recovery system (VRS).
The VRS shall be designed and built according to accepted industrial practices
and meet the following conditions:
(i) The VRS
shall prevent at least ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors
displaced during loading of each transport tank from entering the ambient air
and in no case shall the gasoline vapors emitted to the ambient air exceed
eighty milligrams per liter of gasoline loaded.
(ii) The VRS shall be equipped with a signal
device to alert personnel when the system is not operating or unintentionally
shuts down.
(iii) The back pressure
in the VRS collection lines shall not exceed the transport tank's pressure
relief settings.
(d)
Alternative loading facility. The loading of transport tanks by other means and
using other vapor control systems shall require the facility owner to
demonstrate that the emission of gasoline vapors to the ambient air is less
than eighty milligrams per liter of gasoline loaded.
(4) Bulk gasoline plants.
(a) This chapter shall apply to all bulk
gasoline plants with an annual average daily gasoline throughput greater than
fifteen thousand liters (4,000 gallons).
(b) Storage tanks. All storage tanks with a
capacity greater than two thousand one hundred liters (550 gallons) and used
for the storage of gasoline shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) Each storage tank shall be equipped with
a submerged fill line.
(ii) Each
storage tank shall be equipped for vapor balancing of gasoline vapors with
transport tanks during gasoline transfer operations.
(iii) The vapor line fittings on the storage
tank side of break points with the transport tank vapor connection pipe or hose
shall be equipped to close automatically upon planned or unintentional
disconnect.
(iv) The pressure
relief valves on storage tanks shall be set at the highest possible pressure
consistent with local and state codes for fire and safety.
(c) Transport tanks. All transport tanks,
except those meeting the conditions in WAC
173-490-040(4)(d),
transferring gasoline with storage tanks in a bulk gasoline plant shall comply
with the following conditions:
(i) The
transport tank shall be equipped with the proper attachment fittings to make
vapor tight connections for vapor balancing with storage tanks.
(ii) The vapor line fittings on the transport
tank side of break points with the storage tank connection pipe or hose shall
be equipped to close automatically upon planned or unintentional
disconnect.
(iii) The pressure
relief valves on transport tanks shall be set at the highest possible pressure
consistent with local and state codes for fire and safety.
(d) Transport tanks used for gasoline and
meeting all of the following conditions shall be exempt from the requirement to
be equipped with any attachment fitting for vapor balance lines:
(i) The transport tank is used exclusively
for the delivery of gasoline into storage tanks of a facility exempt from the
vapor balance requirements of WAC
173-490-040(5);
and
(ii) The transport tank has a
total capacity less than fifteen thousand liters (4,000 gallons) and is of a
compartmented design and construction requiring the installation of four or
more separate vapor balance fittings.
(e) Gasoline transfer operations. No owner or
operator of a bulk gasoline plant or transport tank shall allow the transfer of
gasoline between a transport tank and a storage tank except under the following
conditions:
(i) All tanks shall be submerged
filled or bottom loaded.
(ii) The
loading of all tanks, except those exempted under WAC
173-490-040(4)(d)
shall be performed such that ninety percent by weight of the gasoline vapors
displaced during filling are prevented from being released into the ambient
air. Emissions from pressure relief valves shall not be included in the
controlled emissions.
(f) Equipment or system failures. Failures or
leaks in the vapor balance system shall be limited by the following conditions:
(i) During the months of April, May, June,
July, August, September and October, failures of the vapor balance system to
comply with this chapter shall require that gasoline transfer operations stop
for the failed part of the system. Other transfer points that can operate in
compliance may be used.
(ii)
Loading or unloading of the transport tank connected to the failed part of the
vapor balance system may be completed.
(iii) Breakdowns and upset conditions during
all months of the year shall also comply with the provisions of WAC
173-400-105(5).
(g) The owner or operator of a
bulk gasoline plant or transport tank shall take all reasonable necessary
measures to prevent the spilling, discarding in sewers, storing in open
containers or handling of gasoline in a manner on the plant site that will
result in evaporation to the ambient air.
(5) Gasoline dispensing facilities (Stage I).
(a) This chapter shall apply to all gasoline
dispensing facilities with a total annual gasoline output greater than seven
hundred fifty-seven thousand liters (200,000 gallons) or sixty-three thousand
one hundred liters (16,670 gallons) per month and total gasoline storage
capacity greater than thirty-eight thousand liters (10,000 gallons).
(b) All gasoline storage tanks of the
facilities defined in WAC
173-490-040(5)(a)
shall be equipped with submerged or bottom fill lines and fittings for vapor
balancing gasoline vapors with the delivery transport tank.
(c) Gasoline storage tanks with offset fill
lines shall be exempt from the requirement of WAC
173-490-040(5)(b)
if installed prior to January 1, 1979.
(d) The vapor balance system (for the purpose
of measuring compliance with the emission control efficiency) shall consist of
the transport tank, gasoline vapor transfer lines, storage tank and all tank
vents. The vapor balance system shall prevent at least ninety percent of the
displaced gasoline vapors from entering the ambient air. A vapor balance system
that is designed, built and operated according to accepted industrial practices
will satisfy this requirement.
(e)
The owner or operator of a gasoline dispensing facility shall not permit the
loading of gasoline into a storage tank equipped with vapor balance fittings
unless the vapor balance system is attached to the transport tank and operated
satisfactorily.
(6)
Surface coaters.
The operation of a coater and dryer, that may serve one or more
process lines, shall comply with the following emission limits if the potential
uncontrolled emissions of VOC from the coater, flashoff areas, and dryer would
be greater than 18 kg (40 pounds) in any given twenty-four hour period. The
emission limits and uncontrolled emission quantity shall include the additional
quantity of emissions from the dryer during the twelve hour period after
application of the coating.
Process
Can Coating
|
Limitation
Grams/Liter
of Coating
(Excluding Water)
|
lb/Gal.of
Coating
(Excluding Water)
|
Sheet basecoat and overvarnish; two-piece can
exterior
|
340
|
2.8
|
Two and three piece can interior body spray, two
piece can exterior end
|
510
|
4.2
|
Side-seam spray
|
660
|
5.5
|
End sealing compound
|
440
|
3.7
|
Coil coating
|
310
|
2.6
|
Fabric coating
|
350
|
2.9
|
Vinyl coating
|
450
|
3.8
|
Paper coating
|
350
|
2.9
|
Auto and light duty truck coating
|
|
Prime
|
230
|
1.9
|
Topcoat
|
340
|
2.8
|
Repair
|
580
|
4.8
|
Metal furniture coating
|
360
|
3.0
|
Magnet wire coating
|
200
|
1.7
|
Large appliance coating
|
340
|
2.8
|
(7)
Open top vapor degreasers.
(a) All open top
vapor degreasers shall:
(i) Have a cover that
may be readily opened and closed. When a degreaser is equipped with a lip
exhaust, the cover shall be located below the lip exhaust. When a degreaser has
a freeboard ratio equal to or greater than 0.75 and the opening is greater than
one square meter (10 square feet) the cover shall be power operated.
(ii) Have one of the following:
(A) A freeboard ratio equal to or greater
than 0.75; or
(B) A freeboard
chiller; or
(C) A closed design
such that the cover opens only when the part enters or exits the
degreaser.
(iii) Be
equipped with at least the following three safety switches:
(A) Condenser-flow switch and thermostat
(shuts off sump heat if coolant is either not circulating or too warm);
and
(B) Spray safety switch (shuts
off spray pump if the vapor level drops excessively; and
(C) Vapor level control thermostat (shuts off
sump heat when vapor level rises too high).
(iv) Post a permanent and conspicuous
pictograph or instructions clearly explaining the following work practices:
(A) Do not degrease porous or absorbent
materials such as cloth, leather, wood or rope.
(B) The cover of the degreaser should be
closed at all times except when processing workloads.
(C) When the cover is open the lip of the
degreaser should not be exposed to steady drafts greater than 15.3 meters per
minute (50 feet per minute).
(D)
Rack parts so as to facilitate solvent drainage from the parts.
(E) Workloads should not occupy more than
one-half of the vapor-air interface area.
(F) When using a powered hoist, the vertical
speed of parts in and out of the vapor zone should be less than 3.35 meters per
minute (11 feet per minute).
(G)
Degrease the workload in the vapor zone until condensation ceases.
(H) Spraying operations should be done within
the vapor layer.
(I) Hold parts in
the degreaser until visually dry.
(J) When equipped with a lip exhaust, the fan
should be turned off when the cover is closed.
(K) The condenser water shall be turned on
before the sump heater when starting up a cold vapor degreaser. The sump heater
shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before
closing the condenser water when shutting down a hot vapor degreaser.
(L) Water shall not be visible in the solvent
stream from the water separator.
(b) A routine inspection and maintenance
program shall be implemented for the purpose of preventing and correcting
solvent losses. For example, leaks from drain taps, cracked gaskets, and
malfunctioning equipment must be repaired immediately.
(c) Sump drainage and transfer of hot or warm
solvent shall be carried out using threaded or other leakproof
couplings.
(d) Still and sump
bottoms shall be kept in closed containers.
(e) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered
containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents
for disposal.
(8)
Conveyorized degreasers.
(a) The owner or
operator of conveyorized cold cleaners and conveyorized vapor degreasers shall
comply with the following operating requirements:
(i) Exhaust ventilation shall not exceed
twenty cubic meters per minute per square meter (65 cfm per
ft.2) of degreaser opening, unless necessary to meet
OSHA requirements.
(ii) Post in the
immediate work area a permanent and conspicuous pictograph or instructions
clearly explaining the following work practices:
(A) Rack parts for best drainage.
(B) Maintain vertical speed of conveyed parts
to less than 3.35 meters per minute (11 feet per minute).
(C) The condenser water shall be turned on
before the sump heater when starting up a cold vapor degreaser. The sump heater
shall be turned off and the solvent vapor layer allowed to collapse before
closing the condenser water when shutting down a hot vapor degreaser.
(D) Water shall not be visible in the solvent
stream from the water separator.
(iii) Vapor degreasers shall be equipped with
at least the following three safety switches:
(A) Condenser flow switch and thermostat
(shuts off sump heat if coolant is either not circulating or too warm);
and
(B) Spray safety switch (shuts
off spray pump if the vapor level drops excessively); and
(C) Vapor level control thermostat (shuts off
sump heat when vapor level rises too high).
(b) A routine inspection and maintenance
program shall be implemented for the purpose of preventing and correcting
solvent losses. For example, leaks from drain taps, cracked gaskets, and
malfunctioning equipment must be repaired immediately.
(c) Sump drainage and transfer of hot or warm
solvent shall be carried out using threaded or other leakproof
couplings.
(d) Still and sump
bottoms shall be kept in closed containers.
(e) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered
containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents
for disposal.
(f) All conveyorized
cold cleaners and conveyorized vapor degreasers with air/vapor interfaces of
2.0 m2 or greater shall have a carbon adsorption
system, exhausting less than 25 ppm of solvent averaged over a complete
adsorption cycle (based on exhaust ventilation of 15
m3 per min per m2 of
air/vapor area, when downtime covers are open), or a system with control
effectiveness equal to or better than a carbon adsorption system.
(9) Cutback asphalt paving.
(a) All paving applications of cutback
asphalts are prohibited during the months of April, May, June, July, August,
September and October, except as provided for in WAC
173-490-040(9)(b).
(b) The following paving uses and
applications of cutback asphalts are permitted during all months of the year.
(i) As a penetrating prime coat on aggregate
bases prior to paving.
(ii) The
manufacture of patching mixes used exclusively for pavement maintenance and
needed to be stockpiled for times longer than one month.
(iii) All paving uses when the temperature
during application is below 10°C (50°F). Any person using cutback
asphalt for paving shall demonstrate that the ambient air temperature at 8 a.m.
(PST) is below 50°F. The paving application of cutback asphalt when the
ambient air temperature is 50°F or higher is in violation of this
chapter.
(10)
Cold cleaners.
(a) The owners or operators of
all cold cleaners shall comply with the following equipment specifications:
(i) Be equipped with a cover that is readily
opened and closed.
(ii) Be equipped
with a drain rack that returns the drained solvent to the solvent
bath.
(iii) Have a freeboard ratio
of at least 0.5.
(iv) Have a
visible fill line.
(b)
An owner or operator of a cold cleaner shall be responsible for following the
required operating parameters and work practices. The owner shall post and
maintain in the work area of each cold cleaner a pictograph or instructions
clearly explaining the following work practices:
(i) The solvent level shall not be above the
fill line.
(ii) The spraying of
parts to be cleaned shall be performed only within the confines of the cold
cleaner.
(iii) The cover of the
cold cleaner shall be closed when not in use or when parts are being soaked or
cleaned by solvent agitation.
(iv)
Solvent-cleaned parts shall be rotated to drain cavities or blind holes and
then set to drain until dripping has stopped.
(v) Waste solvent shall be stored in covered
containers and returned to the supplier or to a firm which processes solvents
for disposal.
(c) The
owner or operator shall maintain cold cleaners in good working condition and
free of solvent leaks.
(d) If the
solvent has a vapor pressure greater than 2.0 kPa (0.3 psi) measured at
38°C (100°F), or if the solvent is agitated or heated, then the cover
must be designed so that it can be easily operated with one hand.
(e) If the solvent has a vapor pressure
greater than 4.3 kPa (0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F), then the
drainage facility must be internal, so that parts are enclosed under the cover
while draining. The drainage facility may be external for applications where an
internal type cannot fit into the cleaning system.
(f) If the solvent has a vapor pressure
greater than 4.3 kPa (0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F), or if the
solvent is heated above 50°C (120°F), one of the following solvent
vapor control systems must be used:
(i) The
freeboard ratio must be equal to or greater than 0.70; or
(ii) Water must be kept over the solvent. The
solvent must be more dense and insoluble in water.
Statutory Authority:
Chapter
70.94 RCW. 91-05-064
(Order 90-06), § 173-490-040, filed 2/19/91, effective 3/22/91. Statutory
Authority:
Chapters
70.94 and
43.21A RCW. 82-16-021 (Order DE
82-22), § 173-490-040, filed 7/27/82. Statutory Authority:
RCW
70.94.331,
70.94.510, and
70.94.785. 81-03-003 (Order DE
80-54), § 173-490-040, filed 1/8/81. Statutory Authority:
RCW
70.94.331 and
70.94.395. 80-11-062 (Order DE
80-18), § 173-490-040, filed 8/20/80. Statutory Authority:
RCW
43.21A.080 and
70.94.331. 79-06-011 (Order DE
78-23), § 173-490-040, filed
5/8/79.