Current through Register Vol. 24-06, March 15, 2024
(1) Applicability. These requirements apply
to owners and operators of incinerators, energy recovery facilities, disposal
facilities, and management facilities who are required to perform ash sampling,
analyses and testing, groundwater and air quality monitoring under this
chapter.
(2) Groundwater monitoring
requirements.
(a) The groundwater monitoring
system:
(i) Must consist of at least one
background or up-gradient well and three down-gradient wells, installed at
appropriate locations and depths to yield groundwater samples from the
uppermost aquifer and all hydraulically connected aquifers below the active
portion of the facility.
(ii) Must
represent the quality of background water that has not been affected by leakage
from the active area; and
(iii)
Must represent the quality of groundwater passing the point of compliance.
Additional wells may be required by the department in complicated
hydrogeological settings or to define the extent of contamination
detected.
(b) All
monitoring wells must be cased in a manner that maintains the integrity of the
monitoring well bore hole. This casing must allow collection of representative
groundwater samples. Wells must be constructed in such a manner as to prevent
contamination of the samples, the sampled strata, other substrata aquifers and
waterbearing strata. Construction must be accomplished in accordance with
chapter 173-160 WAC, minimum standards for construction and maintenance of
water wells.
(c) The groundwater
monitoring program shall include, at a minimum, procedures and techniques for:
(i) Decontamination of drilling and sampling
equipment;
(ii) Sample
collection;
(iii) Sample
preservation and shipment;
(iv)
Analytical procedures and quality assurance;
(v) Chain of custody control; and
(vi) Procedures to ensure employee health and
safety during well installation and monitoring.
(d) Sample constituents.
(i) Owners or operators of all facilities
shall test for the following parameters:
(A)
Temperature;
(B)
Conductivity;
(C) pH;
(D) Chloride;
(E) Nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia as
nitrogen;
(F) Sulfate;
(G) Dissolved iron, cadmium, lead, and
mercury;
(H) Dissolved zinc and
manganese;
(I) Chemical oxygen
demand;
(J) Total organic
carbon;
(K) Calcium and sodium;
and
(L) Gamma radiation.
(ii) The department may specify
additional or fewer constituents depending upon the leachate analyses, the
composition of the ash, and other information.
(iii) To detect the parameters of (d)(i) of
this subsection, EPA Publication Number SW-846, "Test methods for evaluating
solid waste physical/chemical methods" must be used.
(e) The groundwater monitoring program must
include a determination of the groundwater surface elevation each time
groundwater is sampled.
(f) The
owner or operator shall use a department-approved statistical procedure for
determining whether a significant change over background has
occurred.
(g) The owner or operator
must determine groundwater quality at each monitoring well at the compliance
point at least quarterly from start up through the post-closure care period.
The owner or operator must express the groundwater quality at each monitoring
well in a form necessary for the determination of statistically significant
increases.
(h) The owner or
operator must determine and report the groundwater flow rate and direction in
the uppermost aquifer at least annually.
(i) If the owner or operator determines that
there is a statistically significant increase for parameters or constituents at
any monitoring well at the compliance point, the owner or operator must:
(i) Notify the department of this finding in
writing within seven days of receipt of the sampling data. The notification
must indicate which parameters or constituents have shown statistically
significant increases;
(ii)
Immediately resample the groundwater in all monitoring wells and determine the
concentration of all constituents listed in the definition of contamination in
WAC 173-306-100 including additional
constituents identified in the permit and whether there is a statistically
significant increase such that the groundwater performance standard has been
exceeded. The department must be notified within fourteen days of receipt of
the sampling data.
(j)
The department may require modifications to the disposal facility, the plan of
operation or the permit, including facility closure, if the performance
standard of WAC
173-306-440(2)(a)
is exceeded and, in addition, may revoke any
permit and require reapplication under WAC
173-306-310.
(3) Modifications. An owner or operator
required to modify the facility or plan of operation under this section must
first obtain approval from the department and must at a minimum:
(a) Implement modifications that reduce
contamination and, if possible, prevent constituents from exceeding their
respective concentration limits at the compliance point by removing the
constituents, treating them in place or other remedial measures; and
(b) Begin modifications according to a
written schedule after the groundwater performance standard is
exceeded.
(4) Ash and
soil sampling, and analysis.
(a) Ash residue
samples taken for the purpose of determining their designation status as a
special incinerator ash waste must be conducted according to guidance
established by the department. Ash samples taken for the purpose of determining
carbon residue and for determining dioxins and dibenzofuran content, if
different from samples taken for designation status under chapter 173-303 WAC,
must also be conducted according to guidance established by the department.
Representative sampling methods and frequency as developed in guidelines by the
department must be employed.
(b)
Ash samples must be analyzed as follows:
(i)
For designation purposes, as a special incinerator ash waste, the samples must
be analyzed according to:
(A) "Chemical
testing methods for complying with the state of Washington dangerous waste
regulation," WDOE 83-13;
(B)
"Biological testing methods," WDOE 80-12;
(C) "Test methods for evaluating solid waste,
physical/chemical methods," SW 846.
(ii) For chlorinated-p-dioxins and
dibenzofurans, 40 C.F.R. Part 261 Appendix X is adopted by reference.
(iii) For cadmium in soil, method 7130 or
7131 cited in "Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical
methods," SW 846.
(5) Ambient air quality sampling for lead.
Ambient lead concentrations must be measured and reported according to 40
C.F.R. Part 50 Appendix G, which is adopted by reference, except that the
sampling frequency will be determined by the department: Provided, That the
department has not adopted "Compendium of methods for the determination of
inorganic compounds in ambient air" (EPA/625/R-96/01a, July 1999).
Statutory Authority:
Chapter
70.138 RCW. 00-19-018
(Order 00-17), § 173-306-500, filed 9/8/00, effective 10/9/00; 90-10-047,
§ 173-306-500, filed 4/30/90, effective
5/31/90.