Current through Register Vol. 41, No. 3, September 23, 2024
A. No owner or other person shall use or
permit the use of any offset lithographic printing press, offset lithographic
printing process, or other offset lithographic printing operation that is
subject to this article unless that press, process, or operation meets the
requirements of this section.
B.
Except as provided in subdivision 3 of this subsection, the following
provisions apply to each heatset offset lithographic printing process at a
facility whose potential to emit is greater than or equal to 10 tons per year
of VOC, provided that the emission rates are determined in a manner acceptable
to the board. All VOC emissions from printing inks, coatings, cleaning
solutions, and fountain solutions shall be considered in determining the
potential to emit for this subsection.
1. VOC
emissions from the heatset web offset lithographic printing process dryer shall
be controlled as follows:
a. The dryer shall
operate at a lower air pressure than the pressroom air pressure at all times
when the printing process is operating.
b. Exhaust air from the dryer shall be
collected and sent to a control device that operates at all times when the
printing process is operating.
c.
The control device shall reduce VOC emissions in the dryer air exhaust by at
least 90%.
2. Where the
heatset web offset lithographic printing process control device inlet VOC
concentration is too low to achieve the control device efficiency requirements
specified in subdivision 1 c of this subsection or there is no identifiable
measurable inlet, the control device shall reduce the VOC concentration of the
heatset web offset lithographic printing process dryer exhaust air to 50 parts
per million volume (ppmv) or less, as carbon (minus methane and
ethane).
3. The provisions in
subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection do not apply to the following:
a. Any heatset web offset lithographic
printing process with a theoretical potential to emit of 25 tons per year of
VOC (petroleum ink oil) or more from the heatset web offset lithographic
printing dryer. VOC standards for heatset web offset lithographic printing
process with a theoretical potential to emit of 25 tons per year of VOC
(petroleum ink oil) or more are provided in subsection C of this
section.
b. Printing processes used
exclusively for determination of product quality and commercial acceptance
provided:
(1) The operation is not an
integral part of the production process;
(2) The emissions from all product quality
printing processes do not exceed 400 pounds in any 30-day period; and
(3) The exemption is approved by the
board.
c.
Photoprocessing, typesetting, or imagesetting equipment using water-based
chemistry to develop silver halide images.
d. Platemaking equipment using water-based
chemistry to remove unhardened image-producing material from an exposed
plate.
e. Equipment used to make
blueprints.
f. Any sheet-fed offset
lithographic press with a cylinder width of 26 inches or less.
C. Except as provided
in subdivisions 3, 4, and 5 of this subsection, the following provisions apply
to each heatset web offset lithographic printing process with a theoretical
potential to emit of 25 tons per year of VOC (petroleum ink oil) or more from
the dryer. These provisions do not apply to non-heatset web offset lithographic
printing processes or to sheet-fed offset lithographic printing processes.
1. VOC emissions from the heatset web offset
lithographic printing process dryer shall be controlled as follows:
a. The dryer shall operate at a lower air
pressure than the pressroom air pressure at all times when the printing process
is operating.
b. Exhaust air from
the dryer shall be collected and sent to a control device that operates at all
times when the printing process is operating.
c. For a control device whose first
installation date is prior to February 1, 2016, the control device shall reduce
VOC emissions in the dryer air exhaust by at least 90%.
d. For a control device whose first
installation date is on or after February 1, 2016, the control device shall
reduce VOC emissions in the dryer air exhaust by at least 95%.
2. Where the heatset web offset
lithographic printing process control device inlet VOC concentration is too low
to achieve the control device efficiency requirements specified in subdivisions
1 c and 1 d of this subsection or there is no identifiable measurable inlet,
the control device shall reduce the VOC concentration of the heatset web offset
lithographic printing process dryer exhaust air to 20 parts per million volume
(ppmv) or less, as hexane on a dry basis.
3. Federally enforceable limitations on (i)
the VOC (petroleum ink oil) content of inks, varnishes, and other coatings
applied prior to the dryer; (ii) the total amounts of inks, varnishes, and
other coatings applied; (iii) the press application rates of inks, varnishes,
and other coatings; or (iv) the hours of press operation may be used to meet
the 25 ton per year exception to this subsection.
4. The provisions of subdivisions 1 and 2 of
this subsection do not apply to (i) any heatset web offset lithographic
printing process constructed on or after February 1, 2016, and used exclusively
for book printing or (ii) any heatset web offset lithographic printing process
constructed on or after February 1, 2016, with a maximum web width of 22 inches
or less.
5. The heatset web offset
lithographic printing process dryer control device provisions of subdivision 1
d of this subsection do not apply to (i) any heatset web offset lithographic
printing process used exclusively for book printing; or (ii) any heatset web
offset lithographic printing process with a maximum web width of 22 inches or
less.
D. The following
provisions shall apply to fountain solution applied to each offset lithographic
printing press, except that these provisions shall not apply to (i) sheet-fed
offset lithographic printing processes with a sheet size of 11 inches by 17
inches or smaller or (ii) sheet-fed offset lithographic printing processes with
a total fountain solution reservoir of less than one gallon.
1. For each heatset web press:
a. When the fountain solution contains
alcohol:
(1) The fountain solution, as
applied, shall contain no more than 1.6% volatile organic compounds by weight;
or
(2) The temperature of the
fountain solution shall be maintained at or below 60°F and the fountain
solution, as applied, shall contain no more than 3.0% VOCs by weight;
or
b. When the fountain
solution contains no alcohol, the fountain solution, as applied, shall contain
no more than 5.0% VOCs by weight.
2. For each non-heatset web press, the
fountain solution, as applied, shall contain no alcohol and shall contain no
more than 5.0% VOCs by weight.
3.
For each sheet-fed press:
a. The fountain
solution, as applied, shall contain no more than 5.0% VOCs by weight;
or
b. The temperature of the
fountain solution shall be maintained at or below 60°F and the fountain
solution, as applied, shall contain no more than 8.5% VOCs by weight.
E. Cleaning materials
used at each offset lithographic printing operation shall meet one of the
following limits, as applied:
1. A VOC content
of 30% by weight; or
2. A composite
vapor pressure of 10 mm Hg at 20°C (68°F).
The use of cleaning materials not meeting the limits in
subdivision 1 or 2 of this subsection is permitted provided that the quantity
of cleaning material used does not exceed 110 gallons over any 12-month rolling
period.
F. The
following work practices shall be implemented.
1. Cleaning materials, fountain solution,
inks, varnishes, and coatings containing VOCs shall be kept in closed
containers at all times unless filling, draining, or performing cleaning
operations.
2. Shop towels,
sponges, and other manual cleaning aids that (i) have been used for picking up
excess ink, fountain solution, varnishes, and other coatings containing VOCs or
(ii) have been used with cleaning materials containing VOCs shall be kept in
closed containers.
3. Spills of
cleaning materials, fountain solution, inks, varnishes, and other coatings
containing VOCs shall be minimized and shall be cleaned up promptly.
Statutory Authority: § 10.1-1308 of the Code of
Virginia; §§ 110, 111, 123, 129, 171, 172, and 182 of the federal
Clean Air Act (40 CFR Parts 51 and 60).
