(15) Alternative onsite wastewater systems
include at-grade, mound, packed media, sand lined trench, and membrane
bioreactor systems. A packed bed media system may be an intermittent sand
filter, a recirculating sand filter, a recirculating gravel filter, a textile
filter or a peat filter.
(a) An alternative
onsite wastewater system shall conform to applicable requirements stated
elsewhere in this rule for design, setbacks, construction and installation
details, performance, repairs and abandonment shall apply unless stated
differently for a given alternative system.
(i) An absorption area for each alternative
onsite wastewater system shall be sized based on Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 except as
specified in this section.
(ii)
Each alternative onsite wastewater system shall be designed by a person
certified at Level 3 in accordance with Rule R317-11.
(A) The designer shall submit details of all
system components with the necessary calculations.
(B) The designer shall provide to the local
health department and to the owner operation and maintenance instructions that
include the minimum inspection levels in Section
R317-4-13 Table 7 for the
system.
(iii) When an
alternative system exists on a property, notice of the existence of that system
shall be recorded in the chain of title for that property.
(b) The design each alternative onsite
wastewater system shall be designed according to the requirements for the
specific alternative system selected.
(i)
Absorption trenches and absorption beds may be used in an at-grade system. Each
at-grade system shall conform to the requirements applicable to absorption
trenches and absorption beds, except for the following:
(A) Horizontal setbacks in Section
R317-4-13 Table 2 are measured
from edge of trench sidewall, except at property lines, where the toe of the
final cover shall be 5 feet or greater in separation distance to a property
line.
(B) The minimum number of
observation ports provided within absorption area shall be 2. The ports shall
be installed to the depth of the trench or bed.
(C) The depth of each absorption excavation
below natural grade shall be 0-10 inches.
(D) The minimum cover over the absorption
area shall be 6 inches.
(E) The
maximum slope of natural ground surface shall be 4%.
(F) The maximum side slope for above ground
fill shall be four horizontal to one vertical shall be a 25% slope.
(G) Where final contours are above the
natural ground surface, the cover shall extend from the center of the
wastewater system at the same general top elevation for a minimum of 10 feet in
all directions beyond the limits of the absorption area perimeter, before
beginning the side slope.
(ii) Each mound system shall conform to the
following:
(A) The design shall generally be
based on the Wisconsin Mound Soil Absorption System: Siting, Design and
Construction Manual, January 2000 published by the University of
Wisconsin-Madison Small-Scale Waste Management Project, with the following
exceptions.
(B) The minimum
separation distance between the natural ground surface and the anticipated
maximum ground water table shall be 12 inches.
(C) A mound system may be built over
naturally existing soil types per Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 provided the
minimum depth of suitable soil is:
(I) 36
inches between the natural ground surface and bedrock formations or unsuitable
soils; or
(II) 24 inches above
soils that have a percolation rate faster than one minute per
inch.
(D) The minimum
depth of sand media over natural soil shall be 12 inches.
(E) The maximum slope of natural ground
surface shall be 25 %.
(F) The
separation distances in Section
R317-4-13 Table 2 are measured
from the toe of the final cover.
(G) The effluent loading rate at the sand
media to natural soil interface shall be calculated using Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6.
(H) The effluent entering a mound system
shall be at levels at or below the defined parameters of non-domestic
effluent.
(I) The minimum thickness
of aggregate media around the distribution pipes of the absorption system shall
be the sum of 6 inches below the distribution pipe, the diameter of the
distribution pipe and 2 inches above the distribution pipe or 10 inches,
whichever is larger.
(J) The cover
may not be less than 6 inches in thickness, and shall provide protection
against erosion, frost, storm water infiltration and support vegetative growth
and aeration of distribution cell.
(K) A minimum of three observation ports
shall be located within the mound at each end and the center of the
distribution cell. At least one port shall be installed at the gravel-sand
interface, and one port at the sand-soil interface.
(L) Mounds shall use pressure distribution.
The Utah Guidance for Performance, Application, Design, Operation and
Maintenance: Pressure Distribution Systems document and Subsection
R317-4-6(14)(c)(iv)
shall be used for design requirements. See Subsection
R317-4-14(2)
Appendix B for pump and control requirements.
(iii) Each packed bed media system shall
conform to the following design criteria:
(A)
For a single-family dwelling the design shall be based on a minimum of 300
gallons per day for two bedrooms and 100 gallons per day for each additional
bedroom.
(B) All other flow
estimates shall be based on Subsection
R317-4-6(4).
(C) Special design considerations shall be
given for non-domestic effluent.
(D) Effluent shall be uniformly distributed
over the filter media using pressure distribution.
(E) A packed bed media absorption system may
be placed where the minimum separation distance between the natural ground
surface and the anticipated maximum ground water table is 12 inches.
(F) A packed bed media absorption system may
be built over naturally existing soil types per Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 provided the
minimum depth of suitable soils:
(I) above
soils that have a percolation rate faster than one minute per inch is at least
24 inches; and
(II) at least 36
inches between the natural ground surface and bedrock formations or unsuitable
soils; or
(III) there is at least
18 inches between the natural ground surface and bedrock formations or
unsuitable soils, determined by an evaluation of infiltration rate and
hydrogeology from a professional geologist or engineer that is certified at the
appropriate level to perform onsite wastewater system design and having
sufficient experience in geotechnical engineering based on the detailed
subsurface geology of the vicinity, the hydrogeology of the vicinity, and the
cumulative hydrogeological effect of all existing and future onsite wastewater
systems within the area.
(G) A non-chemical disinfection unit, capable
of meeting laboratory testing parameters in Table 7.3, and a maintenance
schedule consistent to Section
R317-4-13 Table 7.1 and
R317-4-13 Table 7.3, shall be
used in excessively permeable soils.
(H) Conformance with the minimum setback
distances in Section R317-4-13 Table 2, except for
the following that require a minimum of 50 feet of separation:
(I) watercourses, lakes, ponds,
reservoirs;
(II) non-culinary
springs or wells;
(III) foundation
drains, curtain drains; or
(IV)
non-public culinary grouted wells, constructed as required by Title
R309.
(I) The minimum
required effective absorption area shall be calculated using Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 and may be
reduced by 30%. The use of chambered trenches with a packed bed media system
may not receive additional reductions as allowed in Subsection
R317-4-6(14)(d)(v).
(J) The bottom of the absorption system shall
have a vertical separation distance of at least 12 inches from the anticipated
maximum ground water table.
(K) A
minimum of two observation ports shall be provided within the absorption
area.
(L) Drip irrigation
absorption may be used for packed bed media absorption system effluent
dispersal based on type of soil and drip irrigation manufacturer's
recommendations.
(I) Materials shall be
specifically designed and manufactured for onsite wastewater
applications.
(II) Non-absorption
components shall be installed per Section
R317-4-6 and Section
R317-4-13 Table
2.
(iv) Each
intermittent sand filter system shall conform to the following:
(A) Either sand media or sand fill may be
used.
(I) The minimum depth of sand media or
sand fill shall be 24 inches.
(II)
The effective size of the sand media or sand fill shall be 0.35-0.5
millimeters.
(III) The uniformity
coefficient of the sand media or sand fill shall be less than 4.0.
(IV) The maximum fines passing through #200
sieve shall be 1%.
(B)
The maximum application rate per day per square foot of media surface area
shall be:
(I) 1.0 gallons for sand media;
or
(II) 1.2 gallons for sand
fill.
(C) The maximum
dose volume through any given orifice for each dosing shall be 2
gallons.
(D) Effluent entering an
intermittent sand filter shall be at levels at or below the defined parameters
of non-domestic effluent.
(v) Each recirculating sand filter system
shall conform to the following:
(A) The
minimum depth of washed sand shall be 24 inches.
(B) The effective size of the media shall be
1.5-2.5 millimeters.
(C) The
uniformity coefficient shall be less than 3.0.
(D) The maximum fines passing through a #50
sieve shall be 1%.
(E) The maximum
application rate per day per square foot of media surface area shall be 5
gallons.
(vi) Each
recirculating gravel filter system shall conform to the following:
(A) The minimum depth of washed gravel shall
be 36 inches.
(B) The effective
size of the media shall be 2.5-5.0 millimeters.
(C) The uniformity coefficient shall be less
than 2.0.
(D) The maximum fines
passing through a #16 sieve shall be 1%.
(E) The maximum application rate per day per
square foot of media surface area shall be 15 gallons.
(vii) Each textile filter system shall
conform to the following:
(A) Media shall be
an approved geotextile fabric.
(B)
The maximum application rate per day per square foot of media surface area
shall be 30 gallons.
(viii) Each peat filter system shall conform
to the following:
(A) The minimum depth of
peat media shall be 24 inches.
(B)
The maximum application rate per day per square foot of media surface area
shall be 5 gallons.
(ix)
Each sand lined trench system shall conform to the following:
(A) The minimum depth of suitable soil or
saprolite between the sand media in trenches and the anticipated maximum ground
water table shall be 12 inches.
(B)
Each sand lined trench system may be built over naturally existing:
(I) soil types 1 through 4; or
(II) soils or saprolite with a percolation
rate between 1 and 60 minutes per inch.
(C) The minimum depth of suitable soil or
saprolite shall be:
(I) 36 inches between the
sand media in trenches and bedrock formations or unsuitable soils; or
(II) 24 inches above soils or saprolite that
have a percolation rate faster than one minute per inch.
(D) Each sand lined trench shall conform to
the requirements applicable to absorption trenches except for the following:
(I) For each trench in suitable soil, the
minimum required effective absorption area shall be calculated using Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6.
(II) For each trench in saprolite, the
minimum required effective absorption area shall be based on percolation rate
using Section R317-4-13 Table 5. This rate
shall be determined by conducting percolation tests. The soil shall be allowed
to swell not less than 24 hours or more than 30 hours;
(III) The use of chambered trenches with a
sand media system may not receive additional reductions as allowed in
Subsection R317-4-6(14)(d)(v).
(IV) The maximum width of an absorption
trench excavation shall be 36 inches.
(V) The entire trench sidewall shall be
installed in natural ground. An at-grade system design may not be
allowed.
(VI) The minimum depth of
sand media shall be 24 inches.
(VII) Each sand lined trench with drain media
shall have a minimum depth of 6 inches of drain media under the pressure
lateral distribution pipe.
(VIII)
Each sand lined trench with drain media shall have a minimum depth of 2 inches
of drain media over pressure lateral distribution pipe.
(IX) The minimum depth of soil cover or
saprolite over drain media shall be 6 inches.
(X) For each sand lined trench with Type A
chambers. the minimum depth of soil cover or saprolite over chambers shall be
12 inches.
(XI) The minimum number
of observation ports per trench shall be 1.
(E) Effluent shall be uniformly distributed
over the sand media using pressure distribution. Pressure distribution design
shall generally be based on the Utah Guidance for Performance, Application,
Design, Operation and Maintenance: Pressure Distribution Systems
document.
(x) Each
membrane bioreactor system installed as part of an alternative onsite
wastewater system is intended to be installed as a complete unit. The design of
any the treatment tank and all accessory components, treatment pods, aerators,
blowers, pumps, membranes, and control panel shall conform to manufacturer
specifications specific to the daily flows and wastewater strength proposed to
be treated. Each membrane bioreactor system shall conform to the following:
(A) For a single-family dwelling the design
shall be based on a minimum of 300 gallons per day for two bedrooms and 100
gallons per day for each additional bedroom.
(B) All other flow estimates shall be based
on Subsection R317-4-6(4).
(C) Special design considerations shall be
given for non-domestic effluent.
(D) Each membrane bioreactor system installed
shall meet the requirements listed in Subsection
R317-4-6(7).
(E) Each septic, equalization, recirculation,
pump, or other tanks used in conjunction with any membrane bioreactor system
shall meet the requirements listed in Section
R317-4-6.
(F) MBR tank volume shall have a liquid
capacity adequate for the minimum operating volume that includes the dead
space, dosing volume, and surge capacity, and shall have the emergency
operation capacity of:
(I) storage capacity
for the system design daily wastewater flow;
(II) at least two independent power sources
with appropriate wiring installed; or
(III) other design considerations approved by
the regulatory authority that do not increase public health risks if pump
failure occurs.
(G) Each
membrane bioreactor system shall have a minimum of two membrane filter units
installed in a manner that any unit can be maintained independently of other
filter membrane units.
(H) Each
membrane bioreactor overflow shall discharge directly to the septic
tank.
(I) Each membrane bioreactor
unit shall be installed according to manufacturer's specifications.
(J) Any membrane bioreactor system
constructed above ground shall be housed in an easily accessible service
building that is climate controlled. The service building shall meet the
appropriate permitting and setback distances required by the building
authority.
(K) Each membrane
bioreactor absorption system shall conform to the following:
(I) The minimum separation distance between
the natural ground surface and the anticipated maximum groundwater table shall
be 12 inches.
(II) An absorption
system receiving effluent from a membrane bioreactor may be built over
naturally existing soil types per Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 provided the
minimum depth of suitable soils above soils that have a percolation rate faster
than one minute per inch is 24 inches.
(III) An absorption system receiving effluent
from a membrane bioreactor may be built over naturally existing soil types per
Section R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 provided the
minimum depth of suitable soils between the natural ground surface and bedrock
formations or unsuitable soils is 36 inches.
(IV) An absorption system receiving effluent
from a membrane bioreactor may be built over naturally existing soil types per
Section R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 provided the
minimum depth of suitable soils between the natural ground surface and bedrock
formations or unsuitable soils is at least 18 inches between the natural ground
surface and bedrock formations or unsuitable soils determined by an evaluation
of infiltration rate and hydrogeology from a professional geologist or engineer
that is certified at the appropriate level to perform onsite wastewater system
design and having sufficient experience in geotechnical engineering based on
the subsurface geology of the vicinity, the hydrogeology of the vicinity, and
the cumulative hydrogeological effect of all existing and future onsite
wastewater systems within the area.
(L) A non-chemical disinfection unit, capable
of meeting laboratory testing parameters in Table 7.3, and a maintenance
schedule consistent to Sections
R317-4-13 Table 7.1 and
R317-4-13 Table 7.3, shall be
used in excessively permeable soils.
(M) Conformance with the minimum setback
distances in Section R317-4-13 Table 2, except for
the following that require a minimum of 50 feet of separation:
(I) watercourses, lakes, ponds,
reservoirs;
(II) non-culinary
springs or wells;
(III) foundation
drains, curtain drains; or
(IV)
non-public culinary grouted wells, constructed as required by Title
R309.
(N) The minimum
required effective absorption area for an absorption system receiving effluent
from a membrane bioreactor system shall be calculated using Section
R317-4-13 Table 5 or
R317-4-13 Table 6 and may be
reduced by 30%.
(O) The use of
chambered trenches with any membrane bioreactor system may not receive
additional reductions as allowed in Subsection
R317-4-6(14)(d)(vii)(C).
(P) The bottom of the absorption system shall
have a vertical separation distance of at least 12 inches from the anticipated
maximum groundwater table.
(Q) A
minimum of two observation ports shall be provided within the absorption
area.
(R) Drip irrigation
absorption may be used for membrane bioreactor absorption system effluent
dispersal based on type of soil and drip irrigation manufacturer's
recommendations.
(S) Materials
shall be specifically designed and manufactured for onsite wastewater
applications.
(T) Non-absorption
components shall be installed per Sections
R317-4-6 and
R317-4-13 Table 2.
(U) A membrane bioreactor manufacturer shall
submit NSF/ANSI Standard 40 - Residential Wastewater Treatment Systems
certification for any model proposed to be approved for use in Utah. The
division may approve any membrane bioreactor model as equivalent to an NSF
certified model, if the manufacturer submits a written recommendation bearing
the seal of a professional engineer licensed to practice in Utah who is
certified as a Level 3 Onsite Professional as defined in Rule
R317-11.