Current through Bulletin 2024-06, March 15, 2024
(a) A waste pile, except for an existing
portion of a waste pile, shall have:
(1) A
liner that is designed, constructed, and installed to prevent any migration of
wastes out of the pile into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or
surface water at any time during the active life, including the closure period,
of the waste pile. The liner may be constructed of materials that may allow
waste to migrate into the liner itself, but not into the adjacent subsurface
soil or ground water or surface water, during the active life of the facility.
The liner shall be:
(i) Constructed of
materials that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and
thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients, including static head
and external hydrogeologic forces, physical contact with the waste or leachate
to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and
the stress of daily operation;
(ii) Placed upon a foundation or base capable
of providing support to the liner and resistance to pressure gradients above
and below the liner to prevent failure of the liner due to settlement,
compression, or uplift; and
(iii)
Installed to cover all surrounding earth likely to be in contact with the waste
or leachate; and
(2) A
leachate collection and removal system immediately above the liner that is
designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to collect and remove leachate
from the pile. The Director shall specify design and operating conditions in
the permit to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30
cm, one foot. The leachate collection and removal system shall be:
(i) Constructed of materials that are:
(A) Chemically resistant to the waste managed
in the pile and the leachate expected to be generated; and
(B) Of sufficient strength and thickness to
prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlaying wastes, waste cover
materials, and by any equipment used at the pile; and
(ii) Designed and operated to function
without clogging through the scheduled closure of the waste pile.
(b) The owner or
operator shall be exempted from the requirements of Subsection R315-264-251(a),
if the Director finds, based on a demonstration by the owner or operator, that
alternate design and operating practices, together with location
characteristics, will prevent the migration of any hazardous constituents, see
Section
R315-264-93,
into the ground water or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether
to grant an exemption, the Director shall consider:
(1) The nature and quantity of the wastes;
(2) The proposed alternate design
and operation;
(3) The
hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including attenuative capacity and
thickness of the liners and soils present between the pile and ground water or
surface water; and
(4) All other
factors which would influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced
and the potential for it to migrate to ground water or surface water.
(c) The owner or
operator of each new waste pile unit, each lateral expansion of a waste pile
unit, and each replacement of an existing waste pile unit shall install two or
more liners and a leachate collection and removal system above and between such
liners.
(1)
(i) The liner system shall include:
(A) A top liner designed and constructed of
materials, e.g., a geomembrane, to prevent the migration of hazardous
constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure care
period; and
(B) A composite bottom
liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component shall be
designed and constructed of materials, e.g., a geomembrane, to prevent the
migration of hazardous constituents into this component during the active life
and post-closure care period. The lower component shall be designed and
constructed of materials to minimize the migration of hazardous constituents if
a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component shall be
constructed of at least 3 feet, 91 cm, of compacted soil material with a
hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec.
(ii) The liners shall comply with Subsections
R315-264-251(a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
(2) The leachate collection and removal
system immediately above the top liner shall be designed, constructed,
operated, and maintained to collect and remove leachate from the waste pile
during the active life and post-closure care period. The Director shall specify
design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth
over the liner does not exceed 30 cm, one foot. The leachate collection and
removal system shall comply with Subsections R315-264-251(c)(3)(iii) and (iv).
(3) The leachate collection and
removal system between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite
liner in the case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also
a leak detection system. This leak detection system shall be capable of
detecting, collecting, and removing leaks of hazardous constituents at the
earliest practicable time through all areas of the top liner likely to be
exposed to waste or leachate during the active life and post-closure care
period. The requirements for a leak detection system in Subsection
R315-264-251(c) are satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a
minimum:
(i) Constructed with a bottom slope
of one percent or more;
(ii)
Constructed of granular drainage materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x
10-2 cm/sec or more and a thickness of 12 inches, 30.5 cm, or more; or
constructed of synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of
3 x 10-5 m 2/sec or more:
(iii) Constructed of materials that are
chemically resistant to the waste managed in the waste pile and the leachate
expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent
collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover
materials, and equipment used at the waste pile;
(iv) Designed and operated to minimize
clogging during the active life and post-closure care period; and
(v) Constructed with sumps and liquid removal
methods, e.g., pumps, of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the
sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit
shall have its own sump(s). The design of each sump and removal system shall
provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in
the sump and of liquids removed.
(4) The owner or operator shall collect and
remove pumpable liquids in the leak detection system sumps to minimize the head
on the bottom liner.
(5) The owner
or operator of a leak detection system that is not located completely above the
seasonal high water table shall demonstrate that the operation of the leak
detection system will not be adversely affected by the presence of ground
water.
(d) The Director
may approve alternative design or operating practices to those specified in
Subsection R315-264-251(c) if the owner or operator demonstrates to the
Director that such design and operating practices, together with location
characteristics:
(1) Will prevent the
migration of any hazardous constituent into the ground water or surface water
at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection and removal
systems specified in Subsection R315-264-251(c); and
(2) Will allow detection of leaks of
hazardous constituents through the top liner at least as effectively.
(e) Subsection
R315-264-251(c) does not apply to monofills that are granted a waiver by the
Director in accordance with Section
R315-264-221(e).
(f) The owner or operator of any
replacement waste pile unit is exempt from Subsection R315-264-251(c) if:
(1) The existing unit was constructed in
compliance with the design standards of section 3004(o)(1)(A)(i) and 3004(o)(5)
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and
(2) There is no reason to believe that the
liner is not functioning as designed.
(g) The owner or operator shall design,
construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing
flow onto the active portion of the pile during peak discharge from at least a
25-year storm.
(h) The owner or
operator shall design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-off management
system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a
24-hour, 25-year storm.
(i)
Collection and holding facilities, e.g., tanks or basins, associated with
run-on and run-off control systems shall be emptied or otherwise managed
expeditiously after storms to maintain design capacity of the system.
(j) If the pile contains any
particulate matter which may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or
operator shall cover or otherwise manage the pile to control wind dispersal.
(k) The Director shall specify in
the permit all design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that
the requirements of Section R315-264-251 are satisfied.