Current through Bulletin 2024-18, September 15, 2024
(1) Each
community water system must provide to its customers an annual report that
contains the information specified in this section and
R309-225-6.
(2) Information on the source of the water
delivered.
(a) Each report must identify the
source(s) of the water delivered by the community water system by providing
information on:
(i) The type of the water:
e.g., surface water, ground water; and
(ii) The commonly used name (if any) and
location of the body (or bodies) of water.
(b) If a source water assessment has been
completed, the report must notify consumers of the availability of this
information and the means to obtain it. In addition, systems are encouraged to
highlight in the report significant sources of contamination in the source
water area if they have readily available information. Where a system has
received a source water assessment from the Director, the report must include a
brief summary of the system's susceptibility to potential sources of
contamination, using language provided by the Director or written by the
operator.
(3)
Definitions.
(a) Each report must include the
following definitions:
(i) Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which
there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of
safety.
(ii) Maximum Contaminant
Level or MCL: The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking
water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available
treatment technology.
(b) A report for a community water system
operating under a variance or an exemption issued under
R309-100-10 or
R309-100-11 must include
the following definition: Variances and Exemptions: Director or EPA permission
not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain conditions.
(c) A report which contains data on a
contaminant that EPA regulates using any of the following terms must include
the applicable definitions:
(i) Treatment
Technique: A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
(ii) Action Level:
The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
other requirements which a water system must follow.
(iii) Maximum residual disinfectant level
goal or MRDLG: The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the
use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
(iv) Maximum residual disinfectant level or
MRDL: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is
convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of
microbial contaminants.
(d) After April 1, 2016, a report that
contains information regarding a Level 1 or Level 2 Assessment required under
R309-211 must include the applicable definitions:
(i) Level 1 Assessment: A Level 1 assessment
is a study of the water system to identify potential problems and determine (if
possible) why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water
system.
(ii) Level 2 Assessment: A
Level 2 assessment is a very detailed study of the water system to identify
potential problems and determine (if possible) why an E. coli MCL violation has
occurred and/or why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system
on multiple occasions.
(4) Information on Detected Contaminants.
(a) This sub-section specifies the
requirements for information to be included in each report for contaminants
subject to mandatory monitoring (except Cryptosporidium). It applies to:
(i) Contaminants subject to an MCL, action
level, maximum residual disinfectant level, or treatment technique (regulated
contaminants);
(ii) Contaminants
for which monitoring is required by
40 CFR section
141.40 (unregulated contaminants);
and
(iii) Disinfection by-products
or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required by R309-210,
R309-215 and R309-211, except as provided under paragraph (e)(1) of this
section, and which are detected in the finished water.
(b) The data relating to these contaminants
must be displayed in one table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional
monitoring results which a community water system chooses to include in its
report must be displayed separately.
(c) The data must be derived from data
collected to comply with EPA and State monitoring and analytical requirements
during calendar year 1998 for the first report and subsequent calendar years
thereafter except that:
(i) Where a system is
allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than once a year, the
table(s) must include the date and results of the most recent sampling and the
report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the
report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the
regulations. No data older than 5 years need be included.
(ii) Results of monitoring in compliance with
federal Information Collection Rule, ( 40 CFR sections 141.142 and 141.143)
need only be included for 5 years from the date of last sample or until any of
the detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring
requirements, whichever comes first.
(d) For detected regulated contaminants, the
table(s) must contain:
(i) The MCL for that
contaminant expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0;
(ii) The MCLG for that contaminant expressed
in the same units as the MCL;
(iii)
If there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the table must indicate that
there is a treatment technique, or specify the action level, applicable to that
contaminant, and the report must include the definitions for treatment
technique and/or action level, as appropriate, specified in paragraph(3)(c) of
this section;
(iv) For contaminants
subject to an MCL, except turbidity, total coliform, fecal coliform and E.
coli, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with the
quality standards listed in R309-200 and the range of detected levels, as
follows:
(A) When compliance with the MCL is
determined annually or less frequently: the highest detected level at any
sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as
the MCL.
(B) When compliance with
the MCL is determined by calculating a running annual average of all samples
taken at a sampling point: the highest average of any of the sampling points
and the range of all sampling points expressed in the same units as the MCL.
For the MCLs for TTHM and HAA5 in
R309-200-5(3)(c)(vi),
systems must include the highest locational running annual average for TTHM and
HAA5 and the range of individual sample results for all monitoring locations
expressed in the same units as the MCL. If more than one location exceeds the
TTHM and HAA5 MCL, the system must include the locational running annual
averages for all locations that exceed the MCL.
(C) When compliance with the MCL is
determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a running annual average of
all samples at all monitoring locations: the average and range of detection
expressed in the same units as the MCL. The system is required to include
individual sample results for the IDSE conducted under
R309-210-9 when determining the range of TTHM and HAA5 results to be reported in the
annual consumer confidence report for the calendar year that the IDSE samples
were taken.
(D) When rounding of
results to determine compliance with the MCL is allowed by the rules, rounding
should be done prior to converting the number in order to express it as a
number equal to or greater than 1.0.
(v) For turbidity.
(A) When it is reported pursuant to
R309-205-8 and
R309-215-9:
the highest average monthly value.
(B) When it is reported pursuant to
R309-215-9:
the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples
meeting the turbidity limits specified in
R309-200-5(5)(a)
and (b) for the filtration technology being
used. The report should include an explanation of the reasons for measuring
turbidity.
(vi) For lead
and copper: the 90th percentile value of the most recent round of sampling and
the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level.
(vii) Before March 31, 2016, For total
coliform:
(A) The highest monthly number of
positive samples for systems collecting fewer than 40 samples per month;
or
(B) The highest monthly
percentage of positive samples for systems collecting at least 40 samples per
month.
(viii) Before
March 31, 2016, For fecal coliform: the total number of positive samples.
(vii) After April 1, 2016, for E. coli
analytical results under R309-211: The total number of positive
samples.
(viii) The likely
source(s) of detected contaminants to the best of the operator's knowledge.
Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in sanitary
surveys and source water assessments, and should be used when available to the
operator. If the operator lacks specific information on the likely source, the
report must include one or more of the typical sources for that contaminant
listed in
R309-225-8 that is most applicable to the system.
(e) If a community water system distributes
water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent distribution
systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table should contain a
separate column for each service area and the report should identify each
separate distribution system. Alternatively, systems could produce separate
reports tailored to include data for each service area.
(f) The table(s) must clearly identify any
data indicating violations of MCLs, MRDLs or treatment techniques and the
report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the
violation including: the length of the violation, the potential adverse health
effects, and actions taken by the system to address the violation. To describe
the potential health effects, the system must use the relevant language in
R309-220-15.
(g) For detected unregulated contaminants for
which monitoring is required (except Cryptosporidium), the table(s) must
contain the average and range at which the contaminant was detected. The report
may include a brief explanation of the reasons for monitoring for unregulated
contaminants.
(5)
Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants.
(a) If the system has performed any
monitoring for Cryptosporidium, including monitoring performed to satisfy the
requirements of the federal Information Collection Rule ( 40 CFR section
141.143), which indicates that Cryptosporidium may be present in the source
water or the finished water, the report must include:
(i) A summary of the results of the
monitoring; and
(ii) An explanation
of the significance of the results.
(b) If the system has performed any
monitoring for radon which indicates that radon may be present in the finished
water, the report must include:
(i) The
results of the monitoring; and
(ii)
An explanation of the significance of the results.
(c) If the system has performed additional
monitoring which indicates the presence of other contaminants in the finished
water, EPA strongly encourages systems to report any results which may indicate
a health concern. To determine if results may indicate a health concern, EPA
recommends that systems find out if EPA has proposed a regulation or issued a
health advisory for that contaminant by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline
(800-426-4791). EPA considers detects above a proposed MCL or health advisory
level to indicate possible health concerns. For such contaminants, EPA
recommends that the report include:
(i) The
results of the monitoring; and
(ii)
An explanation of the significance of the results noting the existence of a
health advisory or a proposed regulation.
(6) Compliance with UPDWR. In addition to the
requirements of R309-225-5(4)(f), the report must note any violation that
occurred during the year covered by the report of a requirement listed below,
and include a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation,
any potential adverse health effects, and the steps the system has taken to
correct the violation.
(a) Monitoring and
reporting of compliance data;
(b)
Filtration and disinfection prescribed by R309-505 of this part. For systems
which have failed to install adequate filtration or disinfection equipment or
processes, or have had a failure of such equipment or processes which
constitutes a violation, the report must include the following language as part
of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: Inadequately treated
water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria,
viruses, and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps,
diarrhea, and associated headaches.
(c) Lead and copper control requirements
prescribed by
R309-210-6.
For systems which fail to take one or more actions prescribed by
R309-210-6(1)(c),
R309-210-6(2),
or
R309-210-6(4),
the report must include the applicable language in
R309-220-14 for lead, copper, or both.
(d)
Treatment techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin prescribed by
R309-215-8.
For systems which violate the requirements of
R309-215-8,
the report must include the relevant language from
R309-220-14.
(e) Recordkeeping of compliance
data.
(f) Special monitoring
requirements prescribed by
40 CFR section
141.40 (unregulated contaminants);
and
(g) Violation of the terms of a
variance, an exemption, or an administrative or judicial order.
(7) Variances and Exemptions. If a
system is operating under the terms of a variance or an exemption issued under
R309-100-10 or
R309-100-11, the report
must contain:
(a) An explanation of the
reasons for the variance or exemption;
(b) The date on which the variance or
exemption was issued;
(c) A brief
status report on the steps the system is taking to install treatment, find
alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules
of the variance or exemption; and
(d) A notice of any opportunity for public
input in the review, or renewal, of the variance or exemption.
(8) Additional information.
(a) The report must contain a brief
explanation regarding contaminants which may reasonably be expected to be found
in drinking water including bottled water. This explanation may include the
language of paragraphs (8)(a)(i) through (iii) or systems may use their own
comparable language. The report also must include the language of paragraph
(8)(a)(iv) of this section.
(i) The sources
of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes,
streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring
minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances
resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.
(ii) Contaminants that may be present in
source water include:
(A) Microbial
contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage
treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and
wildlife.
(B) Inorganic
contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or
result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater
discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.
(C) Pesticides and herbicides, which may come
from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and
residential uses.
(D) Organic
chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals,
which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can
also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic
systems.
(E) Radioactive
contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil and gas
production and mining activities.
(iii) In order to ensure that tap water is
safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain
contaminants in water provided by public water systems. FDA regulations
establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same
protection for public health.
(iv)
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain
at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does
not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about
contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the
Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791
).
(b) The report must
include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the
community water system as a source of additional information concerning the
report.
(c) In communities with a
large proportion of non-English speaking residents, as determined by the
Director, the report must contain information in the appropriate language(s)
regarding the importance of the report or contain a telephone number or address
where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the
report or assistance in the appropriate language.
(d) The report must include information
(e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled board meetings) about
opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality
of the water.
(e) The systems may
include such additional information as they deem necessary for public education
consistent with, and not detracting from, the purpose of the report.
(f) Systems required to comply with
R309-215-16.
(i) Any ground water system that receives
notice from the Director of a significant deficiency or notice from a
laboratory of a fecal indicator-positive ground water source sample that is not
invalidated by the Director under
R309-215-16(2)(d)
must inform its customers of any significant deficiency that is uncorrected at
the time of the next report or of any fecal indicator-positive ground water
source sample in the next report. The system must continue to inform the public
annually until the Director determines that particular significant deficiency
is corrected or the fecal contamination in the ground water source is addressed
under
R309-215-16(3)(a).
Each report must include the following elements.
(A) The nature of the particular significant
deficiency or the source of the fecal contamination (if the source is known)
and the date the significant deficiency was identified by the Director or the
dates of the fecal indicator-positive ground water source samples;
(B) If the fecal contamination in the ground
water source has been addressed under
R309-215-16(3)(a)
and the date of such action;
(C)
For each significant deficiency or fecal contamination in the ground water
source that has not been addressed under
R309-215-16(3)(a),
the Director-approved plan and schedule for correction, including interim
measures, progress to date, and any interim measures completed; and
(D) If the system receives notice of a fecal
indicator-positive ground water source sample that is not invalidated by the
Director under
R309-215-16(2)(d),
the potential health effects using the health effects language of Appendix A of
subpart O.
(ii) If
directed by the Director, a system with significant deficiencies that have been
corrected before the next report is issued must inform its customers of the
significant deficiency, how the deficiency was corrected, and the date of
correction under paragraph (8)(f)(i) of this section.