Texas Administrative Code
Title 26 - HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Part 1 - HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES COMMISSION
Chapter 508 - AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS
Subchapter C - PHYSICAL PLANT AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Section 508.52 - Construction Requirements for a New Ambulatory Surgical Center

Universal Citation: 26 TX Admin Code § 508.52

Current through Reg. 50, No. 13; March 28, 2025

(a) Ambulatory surgical center (ASC) location. Any proposed new ASC shall be easily accessible to the community and to service vehicles such as delivery trucks, ambulances, and fire protection apparatus. No building may be converted for use as an ASC which, because of its location, physical condition, state of repair, or arrangement of facilities, would be hazardous to the health and safety of the patients. An ASC may be a distinct separate part of an existing hospital, it may occupy an entire separate independent structure, or it may be located within another building such as an office building or commercial building.

(1) Means of egress. An ASC shall have at least two exits remotely located in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 Edition (NFPA 101), §20.2.4.1. When a required means of egress from the ASC is through another portion of the building, that means of egress shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 101 which are applicable to the occupancy of that other building. Such means of egress shall be open, available, unlocked, unrestricted, and lighted at all times during the ASC hours of operation. All documents published by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as referenced in this section may be obtained by writing or calling the NFPA at the following address or telephone number: National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269-9101 or 800-344-3555.

(2) Hazardous location.
(A) Underground and above ground hazards. A new ASC or an addition(s) to an existing ASC shall not be constructed within 150 feet of easement boundaries or setbacks of hazardous underground locations including but not limited to liquid butane or propane, liquid petroleum or natural gas transmission lines, high pressure lines, and not within the easement of high voltage electrical lines.

(B) Fire hazards. A new ASC and an addition to an existing ASC shall not be built within 300 feet of above ground or underground storage tanks containing liquid petroleum or other flammable liquids used in connection with a bulk plant, marine terminal, aircraft refueling, bottling plant of a liquefied petroleum gas installation, or near other hazardous or hazard producing plants.

(3) Undesirable locations.
(A) Nuisance producing sites. A new ASC shall not be located near nuisance producing sites such as industrial sites, feed lots, sanitary landfills, or manufacturing plants which produce excessive noise or air pollution.

(B) Flood plains.
(i) New construction. When a new ASC is constructed in a designated 100-year flood plain, the building finished floor elevation shall be one foot above the set base flood plain elevation. The building shall meet all local flood code ordinances and local flood control requirements.

(ii) Previously licensed ASC. To obtain a license as an ASC, a previously licensed ASC and an existing building or a portion of an existing building located in a designated 100-year flood plain shall meet the requirement of subparagraph (B)(i) of this paragraph.

(iii) Existing ASC. ASC required functional components shall be constructed above the designated flood plain in a new addition to an existing ASC located in a designated 100-year flood plain. The new addition shall meet the requirement of subparagraph (B)(i) of this paragraph.

(b) ASC site. The ASC site shall include paved roads, walkways, and parking in accordance with the requirements set out in this subsection.

(1) Paved roads and walkways.
(A) Paved roads shall be provided within lot lines for access from public roads to the main entrance and to service entrances.

(B) Finished surface walkways shall be provided for pedestrians. When public transportation or walkways serve the site, finished surface walkways or paved roads shall extend from the public conveyance to the building entrance.

(2) Parking and disability requirements.
(A) Parking requirements. Off-street parking shall be provided at the minimum ratio of two spaces for each operating room, one space for each staff member, and one visitor's space for each operating room.

(B) Design for the handicapped. Special considerations benefiting handicapped staff, visitors, and patients shall be provided. Each ASC shall comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, Public Law 101 - 336, 42 United States Code, Chapter 126, and Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1191, Appendix A, Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities or 16 Texas Administrative Code, § 68.20(relating to Buildings and Facilities Subject to Compliance with the Texas Accessibility Standards), Texas Accessibility Standards (TAS), April 1, 1994 edition, issued by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, under the Texas Architectural Barriers Act, Texas Government Code, Chapter 469.

(c) Building design and construction requirements. Every building and every portion thereof shall be designed and constructed to sustain all dead and live loads in accordance with accepted engineering practices and standards and local governing building codes. Where there is no local governing building code, the ASC shall be constructed in accordance with the International Building Code, 2003 edition, published by the International Code Council, 500 New Jersey Avenue, Northwest, 6th Floor, Washington, District of Columbia 20001-2070, (888) 422-7233.

(1) General architectural requirements. All new construction, including conversion of an existing building to an ASC or establishing a separately licensed ASC within another existing building, shall comply with NFPA 101, Chapter 20, New Ambulatory Health Care Occupancies, of the National Fire Protection Association 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 Edition (NFPA 101), and Subchapters B and C of this chapter (relating to Fire Prevention and Safety Requirements, and Physical Plant and Construction Requirements, respectively). Construction documents shall be submitted to the department in accordance with § 135.54 of this title (relating to Preparation, Submittal, Review and Approval of Plans, and Retention of Records).
(A) Construction types for multiple building occupancy.
(i) When an ASC is part of a larger building which complies with NFPA 101, §20.1.6, Minimum Construction Requirements for (fire resistance) construction type, the designated ASC shall be separated from the remainder of the building with a minimum of one-hour fire-rated construction.

(ii) When an ASC is located in a multistory building of two or more stories, the entire building shall meet the construction requirements of NFPA 101, §20.1.6.3. An ASC shall not be located in a multistory building which does not comply with the minimum construction requirements of NFPA 101, §20.1.6.3.

(iii) When an ASC is part of a one-story building that does not comply with the construction requirements of NFPA 101, §20.1.6.2, the ASC shall be separated from the remainder of the building with a two-hour fire-rated construction. The designated ASC portion shall have the construction type upgraded to comply with NFPA 101, §20.1.6.2.

(B) Special design provisions. Special provisions shall be made in the design of a facility if located in a region where local experience shows loss of life or extensive damage to buildings resulting from hurricanes, tornadoes, or floods.

(2) Physical environment. A physical environment that protects the health, welfare, and safety of patients, personnel, and the public shall be provided in each facility. The physical premises of the facility and those areas of the facility's physical structure that are used by the patients (including all stairwells, corridors, and passageways) shall meet the local building and fire safety codes and the requirements of this chapter.

(3) Other regulations. The more stringent standard, code or requirement shall apply when a difference in requirements for construction exists.

(4) Exceeding minimum requirements. Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to prohibit a better type of building construction, more exits, or otherwise safer conditions than the minimum requirements specified in this subchapter.

(5) Equivalency. Nothing in this subchapter is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to those prescribed by this subchapter, provided technical documentation which demonstrates equivalency is submitted to the department for approval.

(6) Freestanding buildings (not for patient use). Separate freestanding buildings for nonpatient use such as the heating plant, boiler plant, laundry, repair workshops, or general storage may be of unprotected noncombustible construction, protected noncombustible construction, or fire-resistive construction and be designed and constructed in accordance with other occupancy classifications requirements listed in NFPA 101.

(d) Spatial requirements.

(1) Administration and public areas.
(A) Entrance. Entrances shall be located at grade level, be accessible to individuals with disabilities, and be protected against inclement weather from the point of passenger loading/unloading to the building entrance. When an ASC is located on a floor above grade level, elevators shall be accessible and shall meet the requirements of § 135.53 of this title (relating to Elevators, Escalators, and Conveyors).

(B) Waiting area. A waiting area or lobby shall be provided within the ASC and include having the following rooms and items:
(i) public toilet facilities;

(ii) telephone(s) for public use; and

(iii) access to potable drinking water.

(C) Reception area. A designated reception area with desk or counter shall be provided.

(D) Interview space(s). Space shall be provided for private interviews or family members, relating to social services, credit, or admission.

(E) General or individual office(s). An office(s) shall be provided for business transactions, records, and administrative and professional staff.

(F) Medical records area. The medical records area shall have adequate space for reviewing, dictating, sorting, or recording records. If electronic imaging devices are employed (i.e., microfilm, digital, or optical disc), the medical records area shall have adequate space for transcribing records in the electronic format. Medical record storage space shall be located within a secure designated area under direct visual supervision of administrative staff.

(G) General storage room.
(i) A minimum of 30 square feet per operating room shall be provided exclusive of soiled holding, sterile supplies, clean storage, drug storage, locker rooms, and surgical equipment storage. General storage may be located in one or more rooms or closets, and shall be located outside of the patient treatment areas.

(ii) General storage room(s) shall be separated from adjacent areas by fire-rated construction in accordance with the NFPA 101, §38.3.2.1 and §38.3.2.2.

(H) Wheelchair storage space or alcove. Storage space for wheelchairs shall be provided and shall be out of the direct line of traffic.

(2) Engineering services and equipment areas. Equipment rooms with adequate space shall be provided for mechanical and electrical equipment. These areas shall be separate from public, patient, and staff areas.

(3) Examination room. An examination room is not required, but when provided, the room shall have:
(A) a minimum clear floor area of at least 80 square feet exclusive of fixed or moveable cabinets, counters, or shelves; and

(B) a work counter with space for writing and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.

(4) Janitor's closet. In addition to the janitor's closet exclusive to the surgery suite, a sufficient number of janitor's closets shall be provided throughout the facility to maintain a clean and sanitary environment. The closet shall contain a floor receptor or service sink and storage space for housekeeping supplies and equipment.

(5) Laboratory.
(A) General. Laboratory services shall be provided within the ASC or through a contract or other arrangement with a hospital or accredited laboratory.

(B) Special requirements. When the laboratory is located on site the following minimum items shall be provided:
(i) a room with work counter, utility sink, and storage cabinets or closet(s); and

(ii) specimen collection facilities. For dip stick urinalysis, urine collection rooms shall be equipped with a water closet and lavatory. Blood collection facilities shall have space for a chair, work counter, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.

(C) Code compliance. An on-site laboratory shall comply with the following codes.
(i) Construction for fire protection in laboratories employing quantities of flammable, combustible, or other hazardous material shall be in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association 99, Health Care Facilities, 2002 Edition, (NFPA 99).

(ii) Laboratories shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, 2002 Edition, Chapter 11, as applicable and the requirements of NFPA 45, Standards on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2000 Edition, as applicable.

(6) Laundry and linen processing area(s). Laundry and linen processing may be done within the center or off site at a commercial laundry.
(A) On-site linen processing. When on-site linen processing is provided, soiled and clean processing operations shall be separated and arranged to provide a one-way traffic pattern from soiled to clean areas. The following rooms and items shall be provided:
(i) a soiled linen processing room which includes areas for receiving, holding, sorting, and washing;

(ii) a clean linen processing room which includes areas for drying, sorting, folding, and holding prior to distribution;

(iii) supply storage cabinets in the soiled and clean linen processing rooms;

(iv) a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls within the soiled linen processing room; and

(v) a storage room for clean linen located within the surgical suite. Clean linen storage may be combined with the clean work room.

(B) Off-site linen processing. When linen is processed off site, the following rooms or items shall be provided:
(i) a storage room for clean linen located within the surgical suite. Clean linen storage may be combined with the clean work room; and

(ii) a soiled linen holding room or area located within the surgical suite. Soiled linen holding may be combined with the soiled workroom.

(7) Medical waste processing. Space and facilities shall be provided for the safe storage and disposal of waste as appropriate for the material being handled and in compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

(8) Pharmacy. A pharmacy work room or alcove shall be provided and located separate from patient and public areas and under the direct supervision of staff. A work counter, refrigerator, medication storage, and locked storage for biologicals and drugs shall be provided. A hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be located in the pharmacy room or alcove.

(9) Postoperative recovery suite.
(A) General. A postoperative recovery suite shall be distinct and separate from preoperative areas. The postoperative recovery suite shall be arranged to provide a one-way traffic pattern from the restricted surgical corridor to the postoperative recovery suite, and then to the extended observation rooms or discharge.

(B) Postanesthesia care unit. A minimum of one patient station per operating room, plus one additional station, shall be provided.
(i) In a multiple-bed postoperative recovery area, the clearance between the side of a bed/gurney and a wall/partition shall be a minimum of three feet. The clearance between sides of beds/gurneys shall be a minimum of four feet six inches. The minimum distance at the foot of the bed/gurney shall not be less than six feet for single load area/room or nine feet for double load area/room. Four feet of the passage space at the foot of the bed may be shared between two beds/gurneys. The fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves shall not encroach upon the bed/gurney clear floor space/area.

(ii) The minimum clear floor space in a private postoperative recovery room shall be 100 square feet exclusive of aisles and fixed and moveable cabinets and selves. A minimum of nine feet width shall be provided for the head wall.

(C) Patient toilet. A toilet room with a water closet and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided. The toilet room may be shared with the preoperative patient holding area, if located conveniently between both areas.

(D) Hand washing fixture. One hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided for every four recovery beds or fraction thereof in open wards. Fixtures shall be uniformly distributed. One hand washing fixture shall be provided within each single-bed recovery room.

(E) Extended observation rooms. Separate supervised rooms or areas may be provided for patients who are sufficiently stabilized to leave the postanesthesia care unit, but require additional time in the facility for observation or comfort measures prior to being discharged.
(i) When individual rooms are provided for extended observation, the rooms shall have an area of at least 60 square feet. When such rooms include a bed or recliner, a minimum clearance of three feet at the foot and on each side of the bed or recliner shall be provided.

(ii) When an open or ward area for extended observation is provided, the minimum clearance from the bed or recliner to the side wall shall not be less than three feet; and a space of four feet shall be provided at the foot of each bed or recliner. The minimum clearance between beds or recliners shall not be less than three feet.

(iii) A toilet room with a water closet and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided. The toilet room may be shared with the postoperative recovery area, if located conveniently between both areas.

(10) Preoperative patient holding room.
(A) General. A preoperative holding area shall be provided and arranged in a one-way traffic pattern so that patients entering from outside the surgical suite can change, gown, and move directly into the restricted corridor of the surgical suite. The holding area shall be separate from the postoperative recovery suite and the restricted corridor.

(B) Patient station. A minimum of one patient station per operating room shall be provided.
(i) When individual rooms are provided, the minimum clear floor space in a private preoperative holding room shall be 80 square feet exclusive of aisles and fixed and moveable cabinets and shelves. The rooms shall include a bed or recliner with a minimum clearance of three feet at the foot and on each side of the bed or recliner.

(ii) In a multiple-bed preoperative holding area, a minimum area of 60 square feet shall be provided for each patient station. The minimum clearance from the gurney or bed to a sidewall shall not be less than three feet. A space of four feet shall be provided at the foot of the gurney or bed and the minimum clearance between gurneys or beds shall not be less than four feet six inches.

(iii) Space shall be made available for storing and securing patient's personal effects.

(iv) One hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be provided for every four preoperative beds or fraction thereof in open wards. Fixtures shall be uniformly distributed. One hand washing fixture shall be provided within each single-bed preoperative holding room.

(C) Patient toilet. A toilet room with handicapped accessible water closet and hand washing facilities shall be provided. The toilet room may be shared with the postoperative recovery suite, if located conveniently between both areas.

(D) Duty station. A hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls and a counter or shelf space for writing shall be provided for staff use within or convenient to the preoperative area. The staff hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be separate from and in addition to patient toilet accommodations.

(11) Radiology.
(A) Special requirements. When radiology services are provided on site, the following minimum facilities shall be provided:
(i) film processing facilities, if used;

(ii) viewing capabilities;

(iii) storage facilities for exposed film, if used, located in rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the NFPA 101, §38.3.2.1 and §38.3.2.2; and

(iv) dressing area(s) shall be required, depending on services provided, with convenient access to toilets, and may be shared with patient changing/preoperative rooms.

(B) Fluoroscopy room. When fluoroscopy services are provided on site in a dedicated fluoroscopy room, a toilet room with a water closet and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls shall be directly accessible to the room.

(12) Soiled workroom. In addition to the soiled workroom provided in the surgical suite, a separate soiled workroom(s) shall be required when a treatment room is provided, except as allowed in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
(A) Special requirements. The workroom(s) shall contain a clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, work counter, designated space for waste and linen receptacles, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.

(B) Shared functions. The soiled workroom required in support of a treatment room may be combined with a surgical suite soiled work room with two means of entry. A separate door into the soiled workroom shall serve a treatment room located outside the surgical suite.

(13) Surgical staff clothing change area.
(A) Surgical staff changing rooms. Appropriately sized areas shall be provided for male and female personnel working within the surgical suite. These areas shall contain lockers, showers, toilets, hand washing fixtures with hands-free operable controls, and space to change into scrub suits and boots. Separate locker/changing rooms shall be provided for male and female staff. The shower and toilet room(s) may be unisex. These areas shall be arranged to provide a traffic pattern so that personnel entering from outside the surgical suite can shower, change, and move directly into the restricted areas of the surgical suite.

(B) Surgical staff lounge. When a surgical staff lounge is provided, the lounge shall be located to permit the use without leaving the surgical suite and may be accessed from the clothing changing rooms. The surgical staff lounge shall not have direct access from outside the surgical suite. When the lounge is remote from the clothing change rooms, toilet facilities and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls accessible from the lounge shall be provided.

(14) Sterilizing facilities. A system for sterilizing equipment and supplies shall be provided. Sterilizing procedures may be done on site or off site, or disposables may be used to satisfy functional needs.
(A) Off-site sterilizing. When sterilizing is provided off site and disposables and prepackage surgical supplies are used, the following rooms shall be provided near the operating room.
(i) Soiled holding room. A room for receiving contaminated/soiled material and equipment from the operating room shall be provided. The room shall be physically separate from all other areas of the suite. The room shall include a work counter(s) or a table(s), clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, equipment for initial disinfection and preparation for transport to off-site sterilizing, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. The soiled holding room may be combined with the surgical suite soiled workroom.

(ii) Clean workroom. A clean workroom shall be provided for the exclusive use of the surgical suite. The workroom shall contain a work counter with space for receiving, disassembling and organizing clean supplies, storage cabinets or shelving, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.

(iii) Sterilizer equipment. Sterilizer equipment shall be located in a separate room convenient to the operating room(s), in an alcove adjacent to the restricted corridor, or in the clean workroom.

(B) On-site sterilizing facilities. When sterilizing facilities are provided on site they shall be located near the operating room and provide the following rooms.
(i) Receiving/decontamination room. The receiving/decontamination room shall be physically separate from all other areas of the surgical suite. The room shall include a work counter(s) or table(s), clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, equipment for initial washing/disinfection, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. Pass-through dutch doors, windows, and washer/sterilizer decontaminators shall serve in delivering material to the clean workroom. The receiving/decontamination room may be combined with the surgical suite soiled workroom.

(ii) Clean/assembly workroom. The clean/assembly workroom shall include a counter(s) or table(s) with space for organizing, assembling, and packaging of medical/surgical supplies and equipment, equipment for terminal sterilizing, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. Clean and soiled work areas shall be physically separated.

(iii) Sterile storage. A storage room for clean and sterile supplies shall be provided. The storage room shall have adequate areas and counters for breakdown of manufacturers' clean/sterile medical/surgical supplies. This room may be combined with the clean assembly/workroom.

(iv) Cart storage room or alcove. The storage space for distribution carts shall be adjacent to clean and sterile storage area(s) and close to main distribution points.

(15) Surgical suite. The surgical suite shall be arranged to preclude unrelated traffic through the suite. The surgical suite shall contain at least one operating room and all surgical service areas required under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
(A) Operating room. The operating room(s) shall have a clear floor area of at least 240 square feet exclusive of fixed or moveable cabinets, counters, or shelves. The minimum clear dimension between built-in cabinets, counters, and shelves shall be 14 feet.

(B) Surgical service areas.
(i) Restricted corridor. The restricted corridor shall serve as the primary passageway for staff and patients within the surgical suite. The following rooms and areas shall have direct access to the restricted corridor:
(I) preoperative patient holding area;

(II) operating room(s);

(III) postoperative recovery suite;

(IV) soiled workroom;

(V) clean workroom;

(VI) janitor's closet;

(VII) equipment storage;

(VIII) sterilizing facilities;

(IX) anesthesia workroom when provided; and

(X) area for emergency crash cart.

(ii) Soiled workroom. A soiled workroom shall be provided for the exclusive use of the surgical suite staff. The workroom shall contain a clinical sink or equivalent flushing type fixture, work counter, designated space for waste and linen receptacles, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls. The soiled workroom shall not have direct connection with operating room(s) or other sterile activity room(s).

(iii) Clean linen storage. A storage room or alcove shall be provided for storing clean linen.

(iv) Scrub facilities. A scrub station shall be located in the restricted corridor within five feet of the entrance of each operating room. One scrub station with dual faucets with hands free operable controls may serve two operating rooms if the scrub stations are located adjacent to the entrance of both operating rooms. Scrub facilities shall be arranged to minimize any incidental splatter on nearby personnel, medical equipment, or supply carts. Viewing panels shall be provided for observation of the surgical room interior. The scrub sinks shall be recessed out of the main traffic areas. The scrub sink alcove shall be located within the restricted areas of the surgical suite. Scrub sinks shall not be located inside the sterile area.

(v) Janitor's closet. A janitor's closet shall be provided for the exclusive use of the surgical suite. The closet shall contain a floor receptor or service sink and storage space for housekeeping supplies and equipment.

(vi) Equipment storage. A room, alcove, or designated area shall be provided for storing equipment and supplies used in the surgical suite. The storage room or area shall be a minimum of 50 square feet per operating room.

(vii) Medical gas storage room. When provided or required by NFPA 101, a medical gas storage room shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 99, 2002, Chapter 5, Gas and Vacuum Systems.

(viii) Area for emergency crash cart. An area or alcove located out of traffic and convenient to the operating room(s) shall be provided for an emergency crash cart.

(ix) Stretcher storage area. An area or alcove shall be located convenient for use and out of the direct line of traffic for the storage of stretchers as required. Stored stretchers shall not encroach on corridor widths.

(16) Treatment room.
(A) A treatment room is not required, but when provided, it shall be used only for minor procedures.

(B) If inhalation anesthesia is administered in the treatment room, the room shall comply with NFPA 99, §14.4.1 requirements for an anesthetizing location.

(C) The treatment room shall have a clear floor area of at least 120 square feet exclusive of fixed or moveable cabinets, counters, or shelves.

(D) The treatment room shall contain an examination table, a counter for writing, and a hand washing fixture with hands-free operable controls.

(e) General detail and finish requirements. Details and finishes in new construction projects, including additions and alterations, shall be in compliance with this subsection, with NFPA 101, Chapter 20, and with local building codes.

(1) General detail requirements.
(A) Fire safety. Fire safety features, including smoke compartmentation, means of egress, automatic extinguishing systems, inspections, smoking regulations, and other details relating to fire prevention and fire protection shall comply with NFPA 101, Chapter 20. The Fire Safety Evaluation System for Health Care Occupancies contained in the National Fire Protection Association 101A, Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, 2001 Edition, Chapter 3, shall not be used in new building construction, renovations, or additions to existing ASCs.

(B) Exits, corridors and doors.
(i) Number of exits. A facility shall provide two exits remote from each other in accordance with NFPA 101, §20.2.4.1. At least one exit door shall be accessible by an ambulance from the outside. This door may also serve as an entry for loading or receiving goods.

(ii) Encroachment into the means of egress. Items such as drinking fountains, telephone booths or stations, and vending machines shall be so located as to not project into and restrict exit corridor traffic or reduce the exit corridor width below the required minimum. Portable equipment shall not be stored so as to project into and restrict exit corridor traffic or reduce the exit corridor width below the required minimum.

(iii) Corridors.
(I) Public corridor. The minimum clear and unobstructed width of a public corridor shall be at least four feet.

(II) Communicating corridor. The communicating corridor shall be used to convey patients by stretcher, gurney, or bed.

(III) The communicating corridor shall link the preoperative holding area, operating room(s), and postoperative recovery suite, and shall be continuous to at least one exit.

(IV) The minimum clear and unobstructed width of the communicating corridor shall be eight feet.

(iv) Door types. Doors at all openings between corridors and rooms or spaces subject to occupancy shall be swing type. Elevator doors are excluded from this requirement.

(v) Door swing. Doors, except doors to spaces such as small closets which are not subject to occupancy, shall not swing into corridors in a manner that might obstruct traffic flow or reduce the required corridor width. Large walk-in type closets are considered as occupiable spaces.

(vi) Patient access doors. The minimum width of doors for patient access to examination and consultation rooms shall be three feet. The minimum width of doors requiring access for beds and gurneys (preoperative holding area, operating room, postoperative recovery suite, treatment rooms) shall be three feet eight inches.

(vii) Emergency access. Rooms containing a water closet, intended for patient use, shall be provided with at least one door having hardware which will permit access from the outside in any emergency. Door leaf width of such doors shall not be less than 36 inches.

(viii) Sliding doors. Horizontal sliding doors serving an occupant load of fewer than 10 shall be permitted. The area served by the door shall have no high hazard contents. The door shall be readily operable from either side without special knowledge or effort. The force required to operate the door in the direction of door travel shall be not more than 30 pounds per foot to set the door in motion, and shall be not more than 15 pounds per foot to close the door or open in the minimum required width. The door assembly shall comply with any required fire protection rating, and, where rated, shall be self-closing or automatic closing. The sliding doors opening to the egress corridor doors shall have a latch or other mechanism that ensures that the doors will not rebound into a partially open position if forcefully closed. The sliding doors may have breakaway provisions and shall be installed to resist passage of smoke. The latching sliding panel shall have a minimum clear opening of 36 inches in the fully open position. The fixed panels may have recessed tracks.

(ix) Fire doors. All fire doors shall be listed by an independent testing laboratory and shall meet the construction requirements for fire doors in National Fire Protection Association 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 Edition. Reference to a labeled door shall be construed to include labeled frame and hardware.

(C) Glazing. Glass doors, lights, sidelights, borrowed lights, and windows located within 12 inches of a door jamb or with a bottom-frame height of less than 18 inches and a top-frame height of more than 36 inches above the finished floor which may be broken accidentally by pedestrian traffic shall be glazed with safety glass or plastic glazing material that will resist breaking and will not create dangerous cutting edges when broken. Similar materials shall be used for wall openings in activity areas such as recreation and exercise rooms, unless otherwise required for fire safety. Safety glass, tempered or plastic glazing materials shall be used for shower doors and bath enclosures, interior windows and doors. Plastic and similar materials used for glazing shall comply with the flame spread ratings of NFPA 101, §18.3.3.

(D) Grab bars. Grab bars shall be provided at patient toilets and showers. The bars shall be one and one-half inches in diameter, shall have either one and one-fourth or one and one-half inches clearance to walls, and shall have sufficient strength and anchorage to sustain a concentrated vertical or horizontal load of 250 pounds. Grab bars intended for use by the disabled shall also comply with ADA requirements.

(E) Hand washing facilities. Location and arrangement of fittings for hand washing facilities shall permit their proper use and operation. Hand washing fixtures with hands-free controls shall be provided in each examination room, treatment room, preoperative area, postoperative recovery suite, extended observation room or area, soiled utility room, fluoroscopy room, clean work room, and toilet room. Particular care shall be given to the clearances required for blade-type operating handles. Lavatories and hand washing facilities shall be securely anchored to withstand an applied vertical load of not less than 250 pounds on the front of the fixture. In addition to the specific areas noted, hand washing facilities shall be conveniently located for staff use in rooms and areas noted under spatial requirements in subsection (d) of this section and throughout the center where patient care services are provided.

(F) Soap dispensers. A liquid or foam soap dispenser shall be located at each hand washing facility.

(G) Hand drying. Provisions for hand drying shall be included at all hand washing facilities. There shall be hot air dryers or individual paper or cloth units enclosed in such a way as to provide protection against dust or soil and ensure single-unit dispensing.

(H) Signage. A sign shall be posted at the entrance to each toilet/restroom to identify the facility for public, staff, or patient use.

(I) Ceiling heights. The minimum ceiling height shall be eight feet six inches with the following exceptions.
(i) Rooms containing ceiling-mounted light fixtures or equipment. Operating rooms or other rooms containing ceiling-mounted light fixtures or equipment shall have ceiling heights of not less than nine feet. Additional ceiling height may be required to accommodate special fixtures or equipment.

(ii) Minor rooms. Ceilings in storage rooms, toilet rooms, and other minor rooms shall be not less than seven feet six inches

(iii) Boiler rooms. Boiler rooms shall have ceiling clearances not less than two feet six inches above the main boiler header and connecting piping.

(iv) Overhead clearance. Suspended tracks, rails, pipes, signs, lights, door closers, exit signs, and other fixtures that protrude into the path of normal traffic shall not be less than six feet eight inches above the finished floor.

(J) Areas producing impact noises. Recreation rooms, exercise rooms, and similar spaces where impact noises may be generated shall not be located directly over operating rooms or special procedure rooms unless special provisions are made to minimize noise.

(K) Rooms with heat-producing equipment. Rooms containing heat-producing equipment, such as mechanical and electrical equipment and laundry rooms, shall be insulated and ventilated to prevent floors of any occupied room located above it from exceeding a temperature differential of 10 degrees Fahrenheit above the ambient room temperature.

(L) Radiation protection. Shielding shall be designed, tested, and approved by a medical physicist licensed under the Medical Physics Practice Act, Occupations Code, Chapter 602. The ASC shall obtain a certificate of registration issued by the Radiation Safety Licensing Branch to use radiation machines.

(2) [Reserved.]

(f) General finishes requirements.

(1) Privacy screens, cubicle curtains, and draperies.
(A) Cubicle curtains or privacy screens shall be provided to assure patient privacy when required or requested by a patient.

(B) Cubicle curtains, draperies and other hanging fabrics shall be noncombustible or flame retardant and shall pass both the small-scale and the large-scale tests of National Fire Protection Association 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films, 1999 Edition. Copies of laboratory test reports for installed materials shall be submitted to the department at the time of the final construction inspection.

(2) Flame spread, smoke development and noxious gases. Flame spread and smoke developed limitations of interior finishes shall comply with Table 4 of § 135.56(d) of this title (relating to Construction Tables) and NFPA 101, §10.2. The use of materials known to produce large or concentrated amounts of noxious or toxic gases shall not be used in exit accesses or in patient areas. Copies of laboratory test reports for installed materials tested in accordance with National Fire Protection Association 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition, and National Fire Protection Association 258, Standard Research Test Method for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Materials, 2001 Edition, shall be provided.

(3) Floor finishes.
(A) Flooring shall be easy to clean and have wear resistance appropriate for the location involved. Floors that are subject to traffic while wet (such as shower and bath areas, and similar work areas) shall have a nonslip surface. In all areas frequently subject to wet cleaning methods, floor materials shall not be physically affected by germicidal and cleaning solutions. The following are acceptable floor finishes:
(i) painted concrete for mechanical, electrical, communication rooms, and janitor's closets;

(ii) vinyl and vinyl composition tiles and sheets tiles for offices, lobbies, administrative areas, storage, staff and public toilet rooms, examination rooms, support spaces, and nontreatment areas;

(iii) monolithic or seamless flooring shall be provided for all operating rooms, special procedure rooms, treatment rooms, patient toilet rooms, soiled workrooms, and sterilizing facility(ies). Seamless flooring shall be impervious to water, coved and installed integral with the base, tightly sealed to the wall, and without voids that can harbor insects or retain dirt particles. The base shall not be less then six inches in height. Welded joint flooring is acceptable;

(iv) marble, ceramic and quarry tile for offices, lobbies, staff and public toilet rooms, administrative areas, wet areas, and similar spaces;

(v) carpet flooring for offices, lobbies, and administrative areas. Carpeting shall not be installed in any preoperative holding, toilet rooms, treatment rooms, examination rooms, and similar spaces; and

(vi) terrazzo for offices, lobbies, administrative areas, and similar spaces.

(B) Threshold and expansion joint covers. Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed 3/4 inch in height for exterior sliding doors or 1/2 inch for other type doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes at accessible doorways shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2. Expansion joint covers shall not exceed 1/2 inch in height and shall have beveled edges with a slope no greater than 1:2.

(4) Wall finishes. Wall finishes shall be smooth, washable, moisture resistant, and cleanable by standard housekeeping practices. Wall finishes shall be in compliance with the requirements of NFPA 101, §38.3.3, relating to flame spread.
(A) Finishes at plumbing fixtures. Wall finishes shall be water-resistant in the immediate area of plumbing fixtures.

(B) Wet cleaning methods. Wall finishes in areas subject to frequent wet cleaning methods shall be impervious to water, tightly sealed, and without voids.

(5) Ceiling finishes. All occupied rooms and spaces shall be provided with finished ceilings, unless otherwise noted. Ceilings which are a part of a rated roof/ceiling assembly or a floor/ceiling assembly shall be constructed of listed components and installed in accordance with the listing. Three types of ceilings that are required in various areas of the ASC are:
(A) ordinary ceilings. Ceilings are required in all areas or rooms in the ASC unless otherwise noted. This includes ceilings such as acoustical tiles installed in a metal grid which are dry cleanable with equipment used in daily housekeeping activities such as dusters and vacuum cleaners;

(B) washable ceilings. When ceilings that dictate this type of cleaning or protection for these spaces such as soil utility or soil workroom, the ceilings shall be made of washable, smooth, moisture impervious materials such as painted lay-in gypsum wallboard or vinyl faced acoustic tile in a metal grid; and

(C) monolithic ceilings. Ceilings which are monolithic from wall to wall (painted solid gypsum wallboard), smooth and without fissures, open joints, or crevices and with a washable and moisture impervious finish shall be provided in the operating rooms, special procedure rooms, and sterilizing facilities.

(D) Nonceiling requirements. Finished ceilings may be omitted in mechanical, electrical, communication rooms and equipment spaces, shops, and similar spaces unless required for fire-resistive purposes.

(6) Floor, wall, and ceiling penetrations. Floor, wall, and ceiling penetrations by pipes, ducts, and conduits, or any direct openings shall be tightly sealed to minimize entry of dirt particles, rodents, and insects. Joints of structural elements shall be similarly sealed.

(7) Materials finishes. Materials known to produce noxious gases when burned shall not be used for mattresses, upholstery, and wall finishes.

(g) General mechanical requirements. This subsection contains requirements for mechanical systems; air conditioning, heating and ventilating systems; steam and hot and cold water systems; and thermal and acoustical insulation.

(1) Cost. All mechanical systems shall be designed for overall efficiency and life cycle costing, including operational costs. Recognized engineering practices shall be followed to achieve the most economical and effective results except that in no case shall patient care or safety be sacrificed for conservation.

(2) Equipment location. Mechanical equipment may be located indoors or outdoors (when in a weatherproof enclosure), or in a separate building(s).

(3) Vibration isolation. Mechanical equipment shall be mounted on vibration isolators as required to prevent unacceptable structure-borne vibration. Ducts, pipes, etc. connected to mechanical equipment which is a source of vibration shall be isolated from the equipment with vibration isolators.

(4) Performance and acceptance. Prior to completion and acceptance of the facility, all mechanical systems shall be tested, balanced, and operated to demonstrate to the design engineer or his representative that the installation and performance of these systems conform to the requirements of the plans and specifications.
(A) Material lists. Upon completion of the contract, the owner shall obtain from the construction contractor parts lists and procurement information with numbers and descriptions for each piece of equipment.

(B) Instructions. Upon completion of the contract, the owner shall obtain from the construction contractor instructions in the operational use and maintenance of systems and equipment as required.

(5) Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
(A) All central HVAC systems shall comply with and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 2002 Edition, or NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, 2002 Edition, as applicable and the requirements contained in this paragraph. Air handling units serving two or more rooms are considered to be central units.

(B) Noncentral air handling systems, i.e., individual room units that are used for heating and cooling purposes (e.g., fan-coil units, heat pump units, and packaged terminal air conditioning units) shall be equipped with permanent (cleanable) or replaceable filters. The filters shall have an average efficiency of 25 - 30% and an average arrestance of 85% based on American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Inc., Standard 52.2, 1999 edition, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. These units shall be used as air recirculating units only. All outdoor air requirements shall be met by a separate central air handling system with the proper filtration, as required in Table 1 of § 135.56(a) of this title.

(C) General ventilation requirements. All rooms and areas in the ASC shall have provision for positive ventilation. Fans serving exhaust systems shall be located at the discharge end and shall be conveniently accessible for service. Exhaust systems may be combined, unless otherwise noted, for efficient use of recovery devices required for energy conservation. The ventilation rates shown in Table 1 of § 135.56(a) of this title shall be used only as minimum requirements, since they do not preclude the use of higher rates that may be appropriate.
(i) Cost reduction methods. To reduce utility costs, facility design may utilize energy conserving procedures including recovery devices, variable air volume, load shedding, systems shutdown, or reduction of ventilation rates (when specifically permitted) in certain areas when unoccupied. In no case shall patient care be jeopardized.

(ii) Economizer cycle. Mechanical systems shall be arranged to take advantage of outside air conditions by using an economizer cycle when appropriate to reduce heating and cooling systems loads. Innovative design that provides for additional energy conservation while meeting the intent of this section for acceptable patient care may be presented to the department for consideration.

(iii) Areas requiring fully ducted systems. Fully ducted supply, return and exhaust air for HVAC systems shall be provided for all critical care areas, sensitive care areas, all patient care areas, all areas requiring a sterile regimen, clean storage rooms, and where required for fire safety purposes. Combination systems, utilizing both ducts and plenums for movement of air in these areas, shall not be permitted. Ductwork access panels shall be labeled.

(iv) Temperatures and humidities. The designed capacity of the systems shall be capable of providing the ranges of temperatures and humidities as shown in Table 1 of § 135.56(a) of this title.

(v) Thermometers and humidity gauges. Each operating room, special procedure room, and postoperative recovery suite shall have temperature and humidity indicating devices mounted at eye level.

(vi) Outside air intake locations.
(I) Outside air intakes shall be located at least 25 feet from exhaust outlets of ventilating systems, combustion equipment stacks, medical-surgical vacuum system outlets, plumbing vents, or areas which may collect vehicular exhaust or other noxious fumes. (Prevailing winds and proximity to other structures may require other arrangements).

(II) Plumbing and vacuum vents that terminate five feet above the level of the top of the air intake may be located as close as 10 feet to the air intake.

(III) The bottom of outside air intakes serving central systems shall be located as high as practical but at least six feet above ground level, or if installed above the roof, three feet above the roof level.

(vii) Contaminated air exhaust outlets. Exhaust outlets from areas (laboratory hoods, etc.) that exhaust contaminated air shall be above the roof and be arranged to exhaust upward unless the air has been treated by an appropriate means where sidewall exhaust will be allowed. Exhaust outlets from areas containing ethylene oxide sterilizers and other contaminants, e.g., glutaraldehyde, shall terminate not less than eight feet above the roof level (or be appropriately labeled as "hazardous exhaust") and arranged to exhaust upward.

(viii) Directional air flow. Ventilation systems shall be designed and balanced to provide pressure relationships contained in Table 1 of § 135.56(a) of this title. For reductions and shut down of ventilation systems when a room is unoccupied, the provisions in Note 4 of Table 1 of § 135.56(a) of this title shall be followed.

(ix) Air distribution devices. Design shall consider turbulence and other factors of air movement to minimize airborne particulate matter. Where extraordinary procedures require special designs, the installation shall be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
(I) All supply diffusers grilles shall be located on the ceiling or on a wall near the ceiling.

(II) Air supply for the operating rooms and special procedure rooms shall be from ceiling outlets near the center of the work area to efficiently control air movement.

(III) A minimum of two return air inlets located diagonally opposite from one another and near floor level shall be provided. Bottoms of return air grilles in operating rooms and other anesthetizing locations shall be located not more than 12 inches above the finished floor nor less than six inches above the finished floor.

(x) Ventilation start-up requirements. Air handling systems shall not be started or operated without the filters installed in place. This includes the 90% and 99.97% efficiency filters where required. This includes during construction operations. Ducts shall be cleaned thoroughly and throughout by a National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) certified air duct cleaning contractor when the air handling systems have been operating without the required filters in place. When ducts are determined to be dirty or dusty, the department shall require a written report assuring cleanliness of duct and clean air quality.

(xi) Humidifier location. When duct humidifiers are located upstream of the final filters, they shall be located at least 15 feet from the filters. Duct work with duct-mounted humidifiers shall be provided with a means of removing water accumulation. An adjustable high-limit humidistat shall be located downstream of the humidifier to reduce the potential of condensation inside the duct. All duct takeoffs shall be sufficiently downstream of the humidifier to ensure complete moisture absorption. Reservoir-type water spray or evaporative pan humidifiers shall not be used.

(xii) Filtration requirements. All air handling units shall be equipped with filters having efficiencies equal to, or greater than, those specified in Table 2 of § 135.56(b) of this title. Filter efficiencies shall be average dust spot efficiencies tested in accordance with American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Inc., Standard 52.2, 1999 edition, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. All joints between filter segments, and between filter segments and the enclosing ductwork, shall have gaskets and seals to provide a positive seal against air leakage. Air handlers serving more than one room shall be considered as central air handlers. All documents published by ASHRAE as referenced in this section may be obtained by writing or calling the ASHRAE, Inc. at the following address or telephone number: ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30329; telephone (404) 636-8400.
(I) Filtration requirements for air handling units serving single rooms requiring asepsis control. Dedicated air handlers serving only one room where asepsis control is required, such as, but not limited to, operating rooms, special procedure rooms, and treatment rooms shall be equipped with filters having efficiencies equal to, or greater than, those specified for patient care areas in Table 2 of § 135.56(b) of this title.

(II) Filtration requirements for air handling units serving other single rooms. Dedicated air handlers serving all other single rooms shall be equipped with nominal filters installed at the return air system.

(III) Location of multiple filters. Where two filter beds are required by Table 2 of § 135.56(b) of this title, filter bed number one shall be located upstream of the air conditioning equipment, and filter bed number two shall be downstream of the supply air blowers, cooling and heating coils.

(IV) Location of single filters. Where only one filter bed is required by Table 2 of § 135.56(b) of this title, it shall be located upstream of the supply fan. Filter frames shall be durable and constructed to provide an airtight fit with the enclosing ductwork.

(V) Pressure monitoring devices. A manometer or draft gauge shall be installed across each filter bed having a required efficiency of 75% or more, including laboratory hoods requiring high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. The pressure monitoring device shall be mounted below the ceiling line within the ASC such that it can be observed by staff.

(D) Thermal and acoustical insulation for air handling systems. Asbestos containing insulation materials shall not be used.
(i) Thermal duct insulation. Air ducts and casings with outside surface temperature below the ambient dew point or temperature above 80 degrees Fahrenheit shall be provided with thermal insulation.

(ii) Insulation in air plenums and ducts. When installed, linings in air ducts and equipment shall meet the Erosion Test Method described in Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Standard 181, relating to Factory-Made Duct Materials and Air Duct Connectors, April 4, 1996 edition. This document may be obtained from the Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062-2096.

(iii) Insulation flame spread and smoke developed ratings. Interior and exterior insulation, including finishes and adhesives on the exterior surfaces of ducts and equipment, shall have a flame spread rating of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less as required by NFPA 90A, Chapters 4 and 5 and as determined by an independent testing laboratory in accordance with NFPA 255, A Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition.

(iv) Linings and acoustical traps. Duct lining and acoustical traps exposed to air movement shall not be used in ducts serving critical care areas. This requirement shall not apply to mixing boxes and acoustical traps that have approved nonabrasive coverings over such linings.

(v) Frangible insulation. Insulation of soft and spray-on types shall not be used where it is subject to air currents or mechanical erosion or where loose particles may create a maintenance problem or occupant discomfort.

(vi) Existing duct linings. Internal linings shall not be used in ducts, terminal boxes, or other air system components supplying operating rooms and the postoperative recovery suite, unless terminal filters of at least 90% efficiency are installed downstream of linings.

(E) Ventilation for anesthetizing locations. When anesthesia is administered, ventilation for anesthetizing locations, as defined in NFPA 99, §3-3, shall comply with NFPA 99, §13.4.1.2 and any specific ventilation requirements of clauses (i) - (iii) of this subparagraph.
(i) Smoke removal systems for anesthetizing locations. Smoke removal systems shall be provided in all windowless anesthetizing locations in accordance with NFPA 99, §6.4.1.2. Supply and exhaust systems for windowless anesthetizing locations shall be arranged to automatically exhaust smoke and products of combustion, prevent recirculation of smoke originating within the surgical suite, and prevent the circulation of smoke entering the system intakes, without in either case interfering with the exhaust function of the system.

(ii) Smoke removal systems for surgical suites. Smoke removal systems shall be provided in all surgical suites in accordance with NFPA 99, §6.4.1.3.

(iii) Smoke exhaust grilles. Exhaust grilles for smoke evacuation systems shall be ceiling-mounted or wall-mounted within 12 inches of the ceiling.

(F) Location of return and exhaust air devices. The bottoms of wall-mounted return and exhaust air openings shall be at least four inches above the floor. Return air openings located less than six inches above the floor shall be provided with nominal filters. All exhaust air openings and return air openings located higher than six inches but less than seven feet above the floor shall be protected with grilles or screens having openings through which a one-half inch sphere will not pass.

(G) Ray protection. Ducts which penetrate construction intended for X-ray or other ray protection shall not impair the effectiveness of the protection.

(H) Fire damper requirements. Fire dampers shall be located and installed in all ducts at the point of penetration of a required two-hour or higher fire-rated wall or floor in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, §18.5.2.

(I) Smoke damper requirements. Smoke dampers shall be located and installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, §20.3.7.3, and NFPA 90A, Chapter 5.
(i) Protection of ducts penetrating fire and smoke partitions. Combination fire and smoke leakage limiting dampers (Class II) shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions for all ducts penetrating one and two-hour rated fire and smoke partitions required by NFPA 101, §20.3.7, Subdivision of Building Space (not required in ASCs meeting the provisions of NFPA 101, §20.3.7.2, Exception Number 1).

(ii) Fail-safe installation. Combination smoke and fire dampers shall close on activation of the fire alarm system by smoke detectors installed and located as required by National Fire Protection Association 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 2002 Edition (NFPA 72), Chapter 8; NFPA 90A, Chapter 6; and NFPA 101, §20.3.5; the fire sprinkler system; and upon loss of power. Smoke dampers shall not close by fan shutdown alone unless it is a part of an engineered smoke removal system.

(iii) Interconnection of air handling fans and smoke dampers. Air handling fans and smoke damper controls may be interconnected so that closing of smoke dampers will not damage the ducts.

(iv) Frangible devices. Use of frangible devices for shutting smoke dampers is not permitted.

(J) Acceptable damper assemblies. Only fire damper and smoke damper assemblies integral with sleeves and listed for the intended purpose shall be acceptable.

(K) Duct access doors. Unobstructed access to duct openings in accordance with NFPA 90A, §4.3, shall be provided in ducts within reach and sight of every fire damper, smoke damper and smoke detector. Each opening shall be protected by an internally insulated door which shall be labeled externally to indicate the fire protection device located within.

(L) Restarting controls. Controls for restarting fans may be installed for convenient fire department use to assist in evacuation of smoke after a fire is controlled, provided that provisions are made to avoid possible damage to the system because of closed dampers. To accomplish this, smoke dampers shall be equipped with remote control devices.

(M) Make-up air. If air supply requirements in Table 2 of § 135.56(b) of this title do not provide sufficient air for use by exhaust hoods and safety cabinets, filtered make-up air shall be ducted to maintain the required air flow direction in that room. Make-up systems for hoods shall be arranged to minimize short circuiting of air and to avoid reduction in air velocity at the point of contaminant capture.

(h) Piping systems and plumbing fixture requirements. All piping systems and plumbing fixtures shall be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of the National Standard Plumbing Code Illustrated published by the National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors (PHCC), 2003 edition, and this paragraph. The National Standard Plumbing Code may be obtained by writing or calling the PHCC at the following address or telephone number: Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors, Post Office Box 6808, Falls Church, Virginia 22046; telephone (800) 533-7694.

(1) Piping systems.
(A) Water supply piping systems. Water service pipe to point of entrance to the building shall be brass pipe, copper tube (not less than type M when buried directly), copper pipe, cast iron water pipe, galvanized steel pipe, or approved plastic pipe. Domestic water distribution system piping within buildings shall be brass pipe, copper pipe, copper tube, or galvanized steel pipe. Piping systems shall be designed to supply water at sufficient pressure to operate all fixtures and equipment during maximum demand.
(i) Valves. Each water service main, branch main, riser, and branch to a group of fixtures shall be equipped with accessible and readily identifiable shutoff valves. Stop valves shall be provided at each fixture.

(ii) Backflow preventers. Backflow preventers (vacuum breakers) shall be installed on hose bibs, laboratory sinks, janitor sinks, bedpan flushing attachments, and all other fixtures to which hoses or tubing can be attached. Connections to high hazard sources, e.g., X-ray film processors, shall be from a cold water hose bib through a reduced pressure principle type backflow preventer (RPBFP).

(iii) Flushing valves. Flush valves installed on plumbing fixtures shall be of a quiet operating type, equipped with silencers.

(iv) Capacity of water heating equipment. Water heating equipment shall have sufficient capacity to supply water for all clinical needs based on accepted engineering practices using actual number and type of fixtures and for heating, when applicable.

(v) Domestic hot water system. Hot water distribution system serving all patient care areas shall be under constant recirculation to provide continuous hot water at each hot water outlet.

(vi) Water temperature measurements. Water temperatures shall be measured at hot water point of use or at the inlet to processing equipment. Hot water temperature at point of use for patients, staff, and visitors shall be in the range of 105 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit.

(vii) Water storage tanks. Domestic water storage tank(s) shall be fabricated of corrosion-resistant metal or lined with noncorrosive material. When potable water storage tanks (hot and cold) are used, the water shall be used and replenished. Water shall not be stored in tanks for future use unless the water is tested weekly for contaminates/bacteria.

(viii) Purified water supply system. Purified water distribution system piping shall be task specific and include, but not necessarily be limited to, polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Final installed purified water system piping assemblies shall be UL approved and fully comply with applicable American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Fire Resistant/Smoke Density requirements. The applicable documents are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Post Office Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959.

(ix) Dead-end piping. Dead-end piping (risers with no flow, branches with no fixture) shall not be installed. In any renovation work, dead-end piping shall be removed. Empty risers, mains and branches installed for future use are permitted.

(B) Fire sprinkler systems. When provided, fire sprinkler systems shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 101, §9.7, Automatic Sprinklers and Other Extinguishing Equipment, and the requirements of this subparagraph. All fire sprinkler systems shall be designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 Edition, and shall be certified as required by § 135.55(c)(1)(C) of this title (relating to Construction, Inspections, and Approval of Project).

(C) Piped nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum systems. When provided, piped nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum system installations shall be designed, installed, and certified in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, §5.1 for Level 1 Piped Systems and the requirements of this subparagraph.
(i) Outlets. Nonflammable medical gas and clinical vacuum outlets shall be provided in accordance with Table 3 of § 135.56(c) of this title.

(ii) Installer qualifications. All installations of the medical gas piping systems including source tanks and related piping shall be done only by, or under the direct supervision of, a holder of a master plumber license or a journeyman plumber license with a medical gas piping installation endorsement issued by the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners.

(iii) Installer tests. Prior to closing of walls, the installer shall perform an initial pressure test, a blowdown test, a secondary pressure test, a cross-connection test, and a purge of the piping system as required by NFPA 99.

(iv) Qualifications for conducting verification tests and inspections. Verification testing shall be performed and inspected by a party, other than the installer, installing contractor, or material vendor. Testing shall be conducted by a medical gas system verifier registered with an acceptable organization by this department and is technically competent and experienced in the field of medical gas and vacuum pipeline testing and meets the requirements of The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) Personnel Standard 6030, Professional Qualifications Standard for Medical Gas Systems. The document published by ASSE Personnel Standard 6030, Professional Qualifications Standard for Medical Gas Systems as referenced in this rule may be obtained by writing or calling The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) at ASSE International Office, 901 Canterbury, Suite A, Westlake, Ohio 44145, telephone (440) 885-3040.

(v) Verification tests. Upon completion of the installer inspections and tests and after closing of walls, verification tests of the medical gas piping systems, the warning system, and the gas supply source shall be conducted. The verification tests shall include a cross-connection test, valve test, flow test, piping purge test, piping purity test, final tie-in test, operational pressure tests, and medical gas concentration test.

(vi) Verification test requirements. Verification tests of the medical gas piping system and the warning system shall be performed on all new piped medical gas systems, additions, renovations, or repaired portions of an existing system. All systems that are breached and components that are added, renovated, or replaced shall be inspected and appropriately tested. The breached portions of the systems subject to inspection and testing shall be all of the new and existing components in the immediate zone or area located upstream of the point or area of intrusion and downstream to the end of the system or a properly installed isolation valve.

(vii) Warning system verification tests. Verification tests of piped medical gas systems shall include tests of the source alarms and monitoring safeguards, master alarm systems, and the area alarm systems.

(viii) Source equipment verification tests. Source equipment verification tests shall include medical gas supply sources (bulk and manifold) and the compressed air source systems (compressors, dryers, filters, and regulators).

(ix) ASC responsibility. Before new piped medical gas systems, additions, renovations, or repaired portions of an existing system are put into use, ASC medical personnel shall be responsible for ensuring that the gas delivered at the outlet is the gas shown on the outlet label and that the proper connecting fittings are checked against their labels.

(x) Written certification. Upon successful completion of all verification tests, written certification for affected piped medical gas systems and piped medical vacuum systems including the supply sources and warning systems shall be provided by a party technically competent and experienced in the field of medical gas pipeline testing stating that the provisions of NFPA 99 have been adhered to and systems integrity has been achieved. The written certification shall be submitted directly to the ASC and the installer. A copy shall be available at final department construction inspection.

(xi) Documentation of medical gas and clinical vacuum outlets. Documentation of the installed, modified, extended or repaired medical gas piping system shall be submitted to the department by the same party certifying the piped medical gas systems. The number and type of medical gas outlets (e.g., oxygen, vacuum, medical air, nitrogen, nitrous oxide) shall be documented and arranged tabularly by room numbers and room types.

(D) Medical gas storage facilities. Main storage of medical gases may be outside or inside the ASC in accordance with NFPA 99, §5.1. Provision shall be made for additional separate storage of reserve gas cylinders necessary to complete at least one day's procedures.

(E) Multiple gas outlets on one medical gas outlet. Y-connections, "twinning", or other similar devices shall not be used on any medical gas outlet.

(F) Waste anesthetic gas disposal (WAGD) systems. Each space routinely used for administering inhalation anesthesia shall be provided with a WAGD system as required by NFPA 99, §5.1.3.7.

(2) Steam and hot water systems.
(A) Boilers. When provided, the boilers shall have the capacity, based upon the net ratings as published in The I-B-R Ratings Book for Boilers, Baseboard Radiation and Finned Tube (commercial) by the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA, to supply the normal heating, hot water, and steam requirements of all systems and equipment. The document published by the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA as referenced in this rule may be obtained by writing or calling the Hydronics Institute Division of GAMA at 35 Russo Place, Post Office Box 218, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey 07922, telephone (908) 464-8200.
(i) Boiler accessories. Boiler feed pumps, heating circulating pumps, condensate return pumps, and fuel oil pumps shall be connected and installed to provide normal and standby service.

(ii) Valves. Supply and return mains and risers of cooling, heating, and process steam systems shall be valved to isolate the various sections of each system. Each piece of equipment shall be valved at the supply and return ends except that vacuum condensate returns need not be valved at each piece of equipment.

(B) Boiler certification. When required, the ASC shall ensure compliance with Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, Boiler Section, Texas Boiler Law, (Health and Safety Code, Chapter 755, Boilers), which requires certification documentation for boilers to be posted on site at each boiler installation.

(3) Drainage systems. Building sewers shall discharge into a community sewage system. Where such a system is not available, a facility providing sewage treatment shall conform to applicable local and state regulations.
(A) Above ground piping. Soil stacks and roof drains installed above ground within buildings shall be drain-waste-vent (DWV) weight or heavier and shall be: copper pipe, copper tube, cast iron pipe, or Schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Buildings or portions of buildings remodeled to an ASC need not comply with this requirement.

(B) Underground piping. All underground building drains shall be cast iron soil pipe, hard temper copper tube (DWV or heavier), acrylonitrile-butodiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe (DWV Schedule 40 or heavier), or PVC pipe (DWV Schedule 40 or heavier. Underground piping shall have at least 12 inches of earth cover or comply with local codes. Existing buildings or portions of buildings that are being remodeled need not comply with this subparagraph.

(C) Drains for chemical wastes. Separate drainage systems for chemical wastes (acids and other corrosive materials) shall be provided. Materials acceptable for chemical waste drainage systems shall include chemically resistant borosilicate glass pipe, high silicone content cast iron pipe, polypropylene plastic pipe, or plastic lined pipe.

(D) Drainage and waste piping. Drainage and waste piping shall not be installed above or below ceilings in operating rooms, special procedure rooms, and sterile processing rooms unless precautions are taken to protect the space below from leakage and condensation from necessary overhead piping. Secondary protection shall be required to drain. Any required secondary protection shall be labeled, "code required secondary drain system" every 20 feet in a highly visible print or label.

(4) Thermal insulation for piping systems and equipment. Asbestos containing insulation materials shall not be used.
(A) Insulation. Insulation shall be provided for the following:
(i) boilers, smoke breeching, and stacks;

(ii) steam supply and condensate return piping;

(iii) hot water piping and all hot water heaters, generators, converters, and storage tanks;

(iv) chilled water, refrigerant, other process piping, equipment operating with fluid temperatures below ambient dew point, and water supply and drainage piping on which condensation may occur. Insulation on cold surfaces shall include an exterior vapor barrier; and

(v) other piping, ducts, and equipment as necessary to maintain the efficiency of the system.

(B) Insulation flame spread. Flame spread shall not exceed 25 and smoke development rating shall not exceed 50 for pipe insulation as determined by an independent testing laboratory in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2000 Edition.

(5) Plumbing fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of nonabsorptive, acid-resistant materials and shall comply with the requirements of the National Standard Plumbing Code, and this paragraph.
(A) Sink and lavatory controls. All lavatories used by medical and nursing staff and by patients shall be trimmed with valves or electronic controls which can be operated without the use of hands. Blade handles used for this purpose shall not be less than four inches in length. Single lever or wrist blade devices may also be used.

(B) Clinical sink traps. Clinical sinks shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides a water surface.

(C) Sinks for disposal of plaster of paris. Sinks that are used for the disposal of plaster of paris shall have a plaster trap.

(D) Back-flow or siphoning. All plumbing fixtures and equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent the back-flow or back-siphonage of any material into the water supply. The over-the-rim type water inlet shall be used wherever possible. Vacuum-breaking devices shall be properly installed when an over-the-rim type water inlet cannot be utilized.

(E) Drinking fountain. Each drinking fountain shall be designed so that the water issues at an angle from the vertical, the end of the water orifice is above the rim of the bowl, and a guard is located over the orifice to protect it from lip contamination.

(F) Sterilizing equipment. All sterilizing equipment shall be designed and installed to prevent not only the contamination of the water supply but also the entrance of contaminating materials into the sterilizing units.

(G) Hose attachment. No hose shall be affixed to any faucet if the end of the hose can become submerged in contaminated liquid unless the faucet is equipped with an approved, properly installed vacuum breaker.

(H) Bedpan washers and sterilizers. When provided, bedpan washers and sterilizers shall be designed and installed so that both hot and cold water inlets shall be protected against back-siphonage at maximum water level.

(I) Flood level rim clearance. The water supply spouts for lavatories and sinks required in patient care areas shall be mounted so that their discharge points are a minimum of five inches above the rim of the fixture.

(J) Scrub sink controls. Freestanding scrub sinks and lavatories used for scrubbing in procedure rooms shall be trimmed with foot, knee, or electronic hands-free controls. Single lever wrist blades are not acceptable at scrub sinks.

(K) Floor drains or floor sinks. Where floor drains or floor sinks are installed, they shall be of a type that can be easily cleaned by removal of the cover. Removable stainless steel mesh shall be provided in addition to a grilled drain cover to prevent entry of large particles of waste which might cause stoppages.

(L) Under counter piping. Under counter piping and above floor drains shall be arranged (raised) so as not to interfere with cleaning of the floor below the equipment.

(M) Ice machines. All ice-making machines used for human consumption shall be of the self-dispensing type. Copper tubing shall be provided for supply connections to ice machines.

(i) General electrical requirements. This paragraph contains common electrical and essential emergency system requirements.

(1) Electrical requirements. All electrical material and equipment, including conductors, controls, and signaling devices, shall be installed in compliance with applicable sections of the NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2002 Edition, §517; NFPA 99, Chapter 14; the requirements of this subsection; and as necessary to provide a complete electrical system. Electrical systems and components shall be listed by nationally recognized listing agencies as complying with available standards and shall be installed in accordance with the listings and manufacturer's instructions.
(A) All fixtures, switches, sockets, and other pieces of apparatus shall be maintained in a safe and working condition.

(B) Extension cords and cables shall not be used for permanent wiring.

(C) All electrical heating devices shall be equipped with a pilot light to indicate when the device is in service, unless equipped with a temperature limiting device integral with the heater.

(D) All equipment, fixtures, and appliances shall be properly grounded in accordance with NFPA 70.

(E) Under counter electrical installations shall be arranged (raised) to not interfere with cleaning of the floor below the equipment.

(2) Installation testing and certification.
(A) Installation testing. The electrical installations, including grounding continuity, fire alarm, nurses calling system and communication systems, shall be tested to demonstrate that equipment installation and operation is appropriate and functional. A written record of performance tests on special electrical systems and equipment shall show compliance with applicable codes and standards and shall be available to the department upon request.

(B) Grounding system testing. The grounding system shall be tested as described in NFPA 99, §4.3.3, for patient care areas in new or renovated work. The testing shall be performed by a qualified electrician or their qualified electrical testing agent. The electrical contractor shall provide a letter stating that the grounding system has been tested in accordance with NFPA 99, the testing device use complies with NFPA 99, and whether the grounding system passed the test. The letter shall be signed by the qualified electrical contractor, or their designated qualified electrical testing agent, certifying that the system has been tested and the results of the test are indicated.

(3) Electrical safeguards. Shielded isolation transformers, voltage regulators, filters, surge suppressors, and other safeguards shall be provided as required where power line disturbances are likely to affect fire alarm components, data processing, equipment used for treatment, and automated laboratory diagnostic equipment.

(4) Services and switchboards. Electrical service and switchboards serving the required ASC components shall be installed above the designated 100-year flood plain. Main switchboards shall be located in separate rooms, separated from adjacent areas with one-hour fire-rated enclosures containing only electrical switchgear and distribution panels and shall be accessible to authorized persons only. These rooms shall be ventilated to provide an environment free of corrosive or explosive fumes and gases, or any flammable and combustible materials. Switchboards shall be located convenient for use and readily accessible for maintenance as required by NFPA 70, Article 384. Overload protective devices shall operate properly in ambient temperatures.

(5) Panelboard. Panelboards serving normal lighting and appliance circuits shall be located on the same floor as the circuits they serve. Panelboards serving critical branch emergency circuits shall be located on each floor that has major users (operating rooms, special procedure room, etc.) and may also serve the floor above and the floor below. Panelboards serving life safety branch circuits may serve three floors, the floor where the panelboard is located, and the floors above and below.

(6) Wiring. All conductors for controls, equipment, lighting and power operating at 100 volts or higher shall be installed in metal or metallic raceways in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 70, Article 517. All surface mounted wiring operating at less than 100 volts shall be protected from mechanical injury with metal raceways to a height of seven feet above the floor. Conduits and cables shall be supported in accordance with NFPA 70, Article 300.

(7) Mechanical protection of the emergency system. The wiring of the emergency system shall be mechanically protected by installation in nonflexible metal raceways in accordance with NFPA 70, §517.30(C)(3).

(8) Lighting.
(A) Lighting intensity for staff and patient needs shall comply with guidelines for health care facilities set forth in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Handbook, 2000 edition, published by the IESNA, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, New York 10005.
(i) Consideration shall be given to controlling light intensity and wavelength to prevent harm to the patient's eyes.

(ii) Approaches to buildings and parking lots, and all spaces within buildings shall have fixtures that can be illuminated as necessary. All rooms including storerooms, electrical and mechanical equipment rooms, and all attics shall have sufficient artificial lighting so that all spaces shall be clearly visible.

(iii) Consideration shall be given to the special needs of the elderly. Excessive contrast in lighting levels that makes effective sight adaptation difficult shall be minimized.

(B) Means of egress and exit sign lighting intensity shall comply with NFPA 101, §§7.8, 7.9, and 7.10.

(C) Electric lamps, which may be subject to breakage or which are installed in fixtures in confined locations when near woodwork, paper, clothing, or other combustible materials, shall be protected by wire guards, or plastic shields.

(D) Ceiling mounted surgical and examination light fixtures shall be suspended from rigid support structures mounted above the ceiling.

(E) Operating rooms shall have general lighting in addition to local lighting provided by special lighting units at the surgical tables. Each fixed special lighting unit at the tables, except for portable units, shall be connected to an independent circuit.

(F) X-ray film illuminators for handling at least two films simultaneously shall be provided in each operating room and special procedure room. When the entire surgical suite is provided with digital imaging system capabilities the film illuminators may be omitted.

(9) Receptacles. Only listed hospital grade single-grounding or duplex-grounding receptacles shall be used in the operating rooms, special procedure rooms, postoperative recovery suite, and all patient care areas. This does not apply to special purpose receptacles.
(A) Installations of multiple-ganged receptacles shall not be permitted in patient care areas.

(B) Electrical outlets powered from the critical branch shall be provided in all patient care, procedure and treatment locations in accordance with NFPA 99, §4.4.2.2.2.3. At least one receptacle at each patient treatment or procedure location shall be powered from the normal power panel. All receptacles powered from the critical branch shall be colored red.

(C) Replacement of malfunctioning receptacles and installation of new receptacles powered from the critical branch in existing facilities shall be accomplished with receptacles of the same distinct color as the existing receptacles.

(D) All critical care area receptacles shall be identified. The face plate for the receptacle(s) shall have a nonremovable label or be engraved indicating the panel and circuit number.

(E) In locations where mobile X-ray or other equipment requiring special electrical configuration is used, the additional receptacles shall be distinctively marked for the special use.

(F) Each receptacle shall be grounded to the reference grounding point by means of a green insulated copper equipment grounding conductor in accordance with NFPA 70, §517-13.

(G) Each operating room and special procedure room shall have at least four duplex receptacles located convenient to the head of the procedure table and one receptacle on the other walls.

(H) Each work table or counter shall have access to one duplex receptacle for every six feet of table or counter space or fraction thereof.

(I) A minimum of one duplex receptacle in each wall shall be installed in each work area or room other than storage or lockers.

(J) Appliances shall be grounded in accordance with NFPA 99, Chapter 9.

(K) Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) receptacles shall be provided for all general use receptacles located within three feet of a wash basin or sink. When GFCI receptacles are used, they shall be connected to not affect other devices connected to the circuit in the event of a trip. Receptacles connected to the critical branch that may be used for equipment that should not be interrupted do not have to be GFCI protected. Receptacles in wet locations, as defined by NFPA 70, §§517.20 and 517.21, shall be GFCI protected regardless of the branch of the electrical system serving the receptacle.

(10) Equipment.
(A) The following shall be powered from the Type I essential electrical system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, §§3-4.2.2.3, when such a system is required for safe operation of the ASC referenced in paragraph (14) of this subsection.
(i) Boiler accessories including feed pumps, heat-circulating pumps, condensate return pumps, fuel oil pumps, and waste heat boilers shall be connected to the equipment system.

(ii) Ventilating system serving preoperative areas, operating rooms, and the postoperative recovery suite shall be connected to the equipment system in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, Chapter 3.

(B) Laser equipment shall be installed according to manufacturer recommendations and shall be registered with Department of State Health Services, Radiation Safety Licensing Branch, Post Office Box 149347, Austin, Texas 78714-9347.

(C) A "kill switch" shall be provided for disconnection of each HVAC serving the building in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 90A, §6.2.1.

(11) Wet patient care location. Wet patient care locations shall be protected against shock in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, §4.3.2.2.9.1.

(12) Grounding requirements. Fixed electrical equipment shall be grounded in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99, §4.3.3.1, and NFPA 70, Article 517.

(13) Nurses calling systems.
(A) A nurse emergency calling system shall be installed in all toilets used by patients to summon nursing staff in an emergency. Activation of the system shall sound an audible signal which repeats every five seconds at a staffed location, and shall activate a distinct visible signal outside of toilet room where the call originated. The visible and audible signals shall be cancelable only at the patient calling station. Activation of the system shall also activate distinct visible signals in the clean workroom, in the soiled workroom, and if provided, in the nourishment station.

(B) A staff emergency assistance calling system station shall be located in each operating room, treatment room, examination room, postoperative recovery, and preoperative holding area to be used by staff to summon additional help in an emergency. Activation of the system shall sound an audible signal at a staffed location, indicate type and location of call on the system monitor, and activate a distinct visible signal in the corridor at the door. Additional visible signals shall be installed at corridor intersections in multi-corridor facilities. Distinct visible and audible signals shall be activated in the clean workroom, in soiled workroom, sterile processing room, equipment storage, and if provided, in the nourishment station.

(14) Essential electrical system. The essential electrical system shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 99, §4.4.
(A) A Type 1 essential electrical system shall be installed, maintained and tested in each ASC in accordance with requirements of NFPA 99, §4.4; NFPA 101, §20.2.9; and National Fire Protection Association 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2002 Edition.
(i) At least one autoclaving/sterilizing equipment shall be connected to the emergency electrical essential power system.

(ii) One electrical outlet connected to the life safety branch of the electrical system shall be provided adjacent to (or on) the emergency generator.

(iii) The battery charger for emergency lighting at the emergency generator shall be connected to the life safety branch of the electrical system.

(B) Fuel storage capacity for an on-site generator for a Type 1 essential electrical system shall allow continuous operation, under full load for eight hours of testing as required by NFPA 99, §4.4.4.1.1.2.

(C) When a vapor liquefied petroleum gas (LPG - natural gas) system is used, the 24-hour fuel capacity on-site is not required. The vapor withdrawal LPG system shall require a dedicated fuel supply.

(D) When the emergency generator(s) and electrical transformer(s) are located within the same area, they shall be located at least 10 feet apart.

(15) Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system which complies with NFPA 101, §20.3.4, and with NFPA 72, Chapter 6 requirements, shall be provided in each facility. The required fire alarm system components are as follows.
(A) A fire alarm control panel (FACP) shall be installed at a visual location such as the main lobby. A remote fire alarm annunciator listed for fire alarm service and installed at a continuously attended location and capable of indicating both visual and audible alarm, trouble, and supervisory signals in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72 may be substituted for the FACP.

(B) Manual fire alarm pull stations shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 101, §20.3.4.

(C) Ceiling-mounted smoke detector(s) shall be installed in room containing the FACP when this room is not attended continuously by staff as required by NFPA 72, §4.4.5.

(D) Smoke detectors shall be installed in air ducts in accordance with NFPA 72, §5.14.4.2 and §5.14.5 and NFPA 90A, §6.4.2.

(E) Smoke detectors shall be installed in return air ducts in accordance with requirements of NFPA 72 §5.14.4.2.2 and §5.14.5 and NFPA 90A, §6.4.2.2.

(F) Fire sprinkler system water flow switches shall be installed in accordance with requirements of NFPA 101, §9.6.2; NFPA 13, §6.9; and NFPA 72, §8.5.3.3.3.4.

(G) Sprinkler system valve supervisory switches shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, §6.8.5.5.

(H) A fire alarm signal notification which complies with NFPA 101, §9.6.3, shall be provided to alert occupants of fire or other emergency.

(I) Audible alarm indicating devices shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 101, §20.3.4, and NFPA 72, §7.4.

(J) Visual fire alarm indicating devices which comply in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 72, §7.5, shall be provided.

(K) Devices for transmitting alarm for alerting the local fire brigade or municipal fire department of fire or other emergency shall be provided. The devices shall be listed for the fire alarm service by a nationally recognized laboratory, and be installed in accordance with such listing and the requirements of NFPA 72.

(L) Wiring for fire alarm detection circuits and fire alarm notification circuits shall comply with requirements of NFPA 70, Article 760.

Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Texas may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
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