Texas Administrative Code
Title 19 - EDUCATION
Part 2 - TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY
Chapter 116 - TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Subchapter A - ELEMENTARY
Section 116.12 - Physical Education, Kindergarten, Adopted 2020
Universal Citation: 19 TX Admin Code ยง 116.12
Current through Reg. 49, No. 38; September 20, 2024
(a) Introduction.
(1) Physical education is the foundation of a
well-balanced curriculum. "It is an academic subject with a planned and
sequential K-12 curriculum based on the national standards for physical
education. Physical education provides cognitive content and instruction
designed to develop motor skills, knowledge, and behaviors for physical
activity and physical fitness. Supporting schools to establish daily physical
education can provide students with the ability and confidence to be physically
active for a lifetime" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CDC
Healthy Schools, May 2019).
(A) Physical
education is designed to develop motor skills, knowledge, and behaviors for
active living, physical fitness, sportsmanship, self-efficacy, and emotional
intelligence. Physical education addresses the three domains of learning:
cognitive skills related to the knowledge of movement, affective skills related
to feelings and attitudes about movement, and psychomotor skills related to the
manual or physical skills in movement literacy (SHAPE America, 2014, p.
4).
(B) Physically literate
students have the ability to develop a lifetime of wellness. Physical literacy
can be described as the ability to move with competence and confidence, to
acquire knowledge and understanding, and to value and take responsibility for
engagement in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments
that benefit the healthy development of the whole person (Mandigo, Francis,
Lodewyk & Lopez, 2012, and Whitehead, 2016).
(C) Research shows physical education is
important to the development of the whole child and increases a lifetime of
wellness. The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and the
National Academy of Medicine support the belief that physical education, taught
at a developmentally appropriate level, improves physical fitness and skill
development, supports and improves academic achievement, reinforces
self-discipline and teacher goal setting, reduces stress and increases blood
flow to the brain, strengthens peer relationships, and improves self-confidence
and self-esteem.
(2) The
physical education standards are categorized into five strands that are of
equal importance and value. The movement patterns and movement skills strand
guides the physically literate student in the development of fundamental
movement patterns, spatial and body awareness, and rhythmic activities. The
performance strategies strand guides the physically literate student in
utilizing strategies in fundamental components of games, activities, and
outdoor and recreational pursuits. The health, physical activity, and fitness
strand encompasses health-related fitness, environmental awareness, and safety
practices that guide students to a health-enhancing, physically active
lifestyle. The physically literate student demonstrates skills and mechanics
used during physical activity and analyzes data used during fitness
performance. The physically literate student recognizes the correlation between
nutrition, hydration, and physical activity. The social and emotional health
strand incorporates working with others, responding to class expectations, and
applying self-management skills. The lifetime wellness strand engages students
in physical activity for the purposes of self-expression, enjoyment, and
challenge.
(3) Quality physical
education programs include a comprehensive curriculum, physical activity,
safety policies, safe environments, qualified physical education specialists
instructing the class, and student assessment and do not use physical activity
as a form of punishment. Texas state law outlines state requirements that
support these essential components. In accordance with state law, physical
education curriculum and instruction must be sequential, developmentally
appropriate, and designed to meet the needs of all students, including students
with disabilities and of all physical ability levels. At least 50% of the
physical education class must be used for actual student physical activity at a
moderate or vigorous intensity level, which aligns with additional state
requirements for a minimum number of minutes for moderate or vigorous physical
activity in Kindergarten-Grade 8. Required student-to-teacher ratios of 45-to-1
ensure the proper supervision and safety of students in physical education
classes, and school districts must identify how student safety will be
maintained if that ratio is exceeded. State law also requires that school
districts and charter schools annually assess the physical fitness of students
in Grade 3 or higher who are enrolled in a physical education course.
(4) Access to age-appropriate physical
education equipment is essential to quality instruction. Basic, age-appropriate
equipment for all students is imperative for the development of motor skills,
manipulative skills, and eventually becoming a physically literate lifelong
learner. Without basic, age-appropriate equipment, students will not have the
necessary experiences to become physically literate, lifelong learners. All
equipment should be age appropriate for the grade levels to be taught. The term
"age appropriate" means that the equipment must include a variety of sizes,
weights, and textures to provide differentiated experiences for various ages
and ability levels of students. Basic equipment for quality instruction
includes, but is not limited to, the following list: sports balls, including
fleece balls, foam balls, tennis balls, beach balls, volleyballs, basketballs,
soccer balls, footballs, baseballs, softballs, and unity balls; striking
implements, including golf clubs, hockey sticks, baseball bats, pool noodles,
tennis rackets, racquetball rackets, pickleball paddles, lollipop paddles, and
ping pong paddles; goals for various sports, including soccer goals and
basketball goals; nets and standards for a variety of sports, including
volleyball, pickleball, badminton, and tennis; fitness-related equipment; other
basic equipment, including scarves, bean bags, hula hoops, jump ropes, and
scooters; classroom management equipment, including cones, mats, pinnies, poly
spots, and ball inflators; and technology, including microphones, projectors,
speakers, heart rate monitors, timers, and other technology appropriate for
instruction.
(5) In
Kindergarten-Grade 5, students learn fundamental movement skills and cues;
begin to understand that the body functions in relation to physical activity;
develop body control; become aware of the health-related fitness components;
begin applying strategies, rules, etiquette, and conflict resolution techniques
in dynamic situations; and identify safety practices and protocols while being
physically active. Students engage in activities that develop basic levels of
strength, endurance, and flexibility. Activities are presented to complement a
student's natural inclination to view physical activity as challenging and
enjoyable.
(6) Statements that
contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while
those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative
examples.
(b) Knowledge and skills.
(1) Movement patterns and movement
skills--locomotor skills. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in fundamental movement patterns and developmentally appropriate
locomotor skills. The student is expected to:
(A) practice proper foot patterns and form
and maintain balance while hopping, galloping, running, sliding, skipping, and
walking;
(B) practice correct
technique while jumping in place, forward and backward, and side to
side;
(C) demonstrate visual
tracking and tracing, simple balancing, cross lateralization, and sequencing of
two skills; and
(D) spin and roll
at different levels, speeds, and positions.
(2) Movement patterns and movement
skills--non-locomotor skills. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in fundamental movement patterns and developmentally appropriate
non-locomotor skills. The student is expected to:
(A) maintain balance while bearing weight
using different bases of support; and
(B) practice bending, stretching, twisting,
and curling while maintaining balance.
(3) Movement patterns and movement
skills--manipulative skills. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in developmentally appropriate manipulative skills. The student is
expected to:
(A) self-toss an object and
throw underhand with opposite foot forward;
(B) catch a self-dropped ball before it
bounces twice and catch a self-tossed object before it hits the
ground;
(C) practice dribbling with
one hand;
(D) tap a ball using the
inside of the foot;
(E) kick a
stationary ball from a stationary position;
(F) volley a lightweight object to
self;
(G) strike a lightweight
object using hand or short-handled implement;
(H) jump at least once with a self-turned
rope; and
(I) demonstrate swinging
a long rope back and forth with a partner.
(4) Movement patterns and movement
skills--spatial and body awareness. The physically literate student
demonstrates competency in spatial and body awareness, including pathways,
shapes, levels, speed, direction, and force. The student is expected to:
(A) differentiate between personal and
general space while moving to simple rhythms and maintaining balance;
(B) demonstrate a variety of pathways,
shapes, and levels while maintaining balance; and
(C) demonstrate clear contrast when moving in
different speeds and directions while maintaining balance.
(5) Movement patterns and movement
skills--rhythmic activities. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in rhythmic activities and rhythmic combinations. The student is
expected to mirror and follow teacher movement and basic rhythm
patterns.
(6) Performance
strategies--games and activities. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in performance strategies in invasion, target, net or wall,
fielding, striking, and cooperative games. The student is expected to:
(A) demonstrate the skills of chasing,
fleeing, and dodging to avoid or catch others during a variety of games while
maintaining appropriate space and speed;
(B) practice the correct techniques for motor
development skills following teacher direction; and
(C) demonstrate safe practices by following
rules, procedures, and directions during class and activities.
(7) Performance
strategies--outdoor and recreational pursuits. The physically literate student
demonstrates competency in outdoor and recreational pursuits. The student is
expected to discuss outdoor recreation and health and fitness activities in
school and the community.
(8)
Health, physical activity, and fitness--fitness principles. The physically
literate student demonstrates and recognizes a health-enhancing, physically
active lifestyle. The student is expected to:
(A) discuss the immediate effect of physical
activity on the heart and lungs;
(B) describe the importance of daily active
play; and
(C) participate in
exercises that promote health-related fitness.
(9) Health, physical activity, and
fitness--analyze data. The physically literate student demonstrates competency
in the ability to analyze data used during fitness performance. The student is
expected to:
(A) describe the importance of
goal setting; and
(B) identify how
to measure improvement in physical skills such as counting the number of times
a student can hop while maintaining balance.
(10) Health, physical activity, and
fitness--nutrition and hydration. The physically literate student recognizes
the correlation between nutrition, hydration, and physical activity. The
student is expected to:
(A) recognize that
eating a variety of foods produces energy for physical activity; and
(B) identify the best source of hydration
during physical activity.
(11) Health, physical activity, and
fitness--environmental awareness and safety practices. The physically literate
student demonstrates competency in environmental awareness and understands
safety practices. The student is expected to:
(A) identify proper clothing and footwear for
physical activity; and
(B) identify
safety precautions, including pedestrian, water, sun, and cycling safety, with
teacher guidance.
(12)
Social and emotional health--personal responsibility and self-management. The
physically literate student demonstrates competency in personal responsibility.
The student is expected to:
(A) give examples
of consequences resulting from personal actions;
(B) demonstrate respect for differences and
similarities in abilities of self and others; and
(C) identify personal impulses and emotions
with teacher guidance.
(13) Social and emotional health--resolving
conflict and social interaction. The physically literate student demonstrates
competency in resolving conflict and social interaction. The student is
expected to:
(A) demonstrate respect and
cooperation through words and actions with teacher guidance; and
(B) communicate feelings and thoughts
appropriately with teacher guidance.
(14) Social and emotional
health--perseverance. The physically literate student perseveres while
addressing challenges. The student is expected to explain why some physical
activities are challenging.
(15)
Social and emotional health--accepting and providing constructive feedback. The
physically literate student accepts and provides constructive feedback. The
student is expected to listen respectfully and respond appropriately to
corrective feedback with teacher guidance.
(16) Lifetime wellness--application of
lifetime wellness. The physically literate student identifies the value of
lifetime wellness. The student is expected to:
(A) participate in moderate to vigorous
physical activity on a regular basis; and
(B) identify physical activity for personal
enjoyment with teacher guidance.
Disclaimer: These regulations may not be the most recent version. Texas may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.
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