Texas Administrative Code
Title 10 - COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Part 1 - TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
Chapter 11 - QUALIFIED ALLOCATION PLAN (QAP)
Subchapter D - UNDERWRITING AND LOAN POLICY
Section 11.302 - Underwriting Rules and Guidelines

Universal Citation: 10 TX Admin Code § 11.302

Current through Reg. 50, No. 13; March 28, 2025

(a) General Provisions.

(1) Pursuant to Tex. Gov't Code § 2306.148 and § 2306.185(b), the Board is authorized to adopt underwriting standards as set forth in this section. Furthermore, for Housing Credit Allocation, Code §42(m)(2), requires the tax credits allocated to a Development not to exceed the amount necessary to assure feasibility. Additionally, 24 CFR Parts 92 and 93, as further described in CPD Notices 15-11 and 21-10 require the Department to adopt rules and standards to determine the appropriate Multifamily Direct Loan feasibility. The rules adopted pursuant to the Tex. Gov't Code and the Code are developed to result in an Underwriting Report (Report) used by the Board in decision making with the goal of assisting as many Texans as possible by providing no more financing than necessary based on an independent analysis of Development feasibility. The Report generated in no way guarantees or purports to warrant the actual performance, feasibility, or viability of the Development.

(2) Oversourcing of Funds. The total amount of Department-allocated funds combined with any additional soft funds that are specifically provided for the financing of affordable housing from other units of government may not exceed the total cost of all non-market Units at the development, calculated on a per-unit basis. For purposes of this subsection, soft funds include any grants, below-market interest rate loans, or similar funds with a total cost to the Applicant that is below commercial-rate financing, but does not include payable loans provided at commercial rates with deferred payments. If the Department determines that a Development is oversourced in accordance with this subsection, the Applicant will be required to reduce the soft funds provided by other units of government so as to no longer be oversourced.

(b) Report Contents. The Report provides a synopsis and reconciliation of the Application information submitted by the Applicant. For the purpose of this subchapter the term Application includes additional documentation submitted after the initial award of funds that is relevant to any subsequent reevaluation. The Report contents will be based upon information that is provided in accordance with and within the timeframes set forth in this chapter, Chapters 11, 12, or 13, or in a Notice of Funds Availability (NOFA), as applicable.

(c) Recommendations in the Report. The conclusion of the Report, if being recommended, includes a recommended award of funds or Housing Credit Allocation Amount and states any feasibility or other conditions to be placed on the award. The award amount is based on the lesser of the amounts determined using the methods in paragraphs (1) - (3) of this subsection:

(1) Program Limit Method. For Housing Credit Allocations, this method is based upon calculation of Eligible Basis after applying all cost verification measures and program limits as described in this section. The Applicable Percentage used is defined in § 11.1(d) of this chapter (relating to Definitions). For Department programs other than Housing Tax Credits, this method is based upon calculation of the funding limit in current program rules or NOFA at the time of underwriting.

(2) Gap Method. This method evaluates the amount of funds needed to fill the gap created by Total Housing Development Cost less total non-Department-sourced funds or Housing Tax Credits. In making this determination, the Underwriter resizes any anticipated Deferred Developer Fee downward (but not less than zero) before reducing the amount of Department funds or Housing Tax Credits. In the case of Housing Tax Credits, the syndication proceeds needed to fill the gap in permanent funds are divided by the syndication rate to determine the amount of Housing Tax Credits. In making this determination and based upon specific conditions set forth in the Report, the Underwriter may assume adjustments to the financing structure (including treatment of a Cash Flow loan as if fully amortizing over its term) or make adjustments to any Department financing, such that the cumulative Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR) conforms to the standards described in this section. For Housing Tax Credit Developments at cost certification, timing adjusters may be considered as a reduction to equity proceeds for this purpose. Timing adjusters must be consistent with and documented in the original partnership agreement (at admission of the equity partner) but relating to causes outside of the Developer's or Owner's control. The equity partner must provide a calculation of the amount of the adjuster to be used by the Underwriter.

(3) The Amount Requested. The amount of funds that is requested by the Applicant. For Housing Tax Credit Developments (exclusive of Tax-Exempt Bond Developments) this amount is limited to the amount requested in the original Application documentation.

(d) Operating Feasibility. The operating feasibility of a Development funded by the Department is tested by analyzing its Net Operating Income (NOI) to determine the Development's ability to pay debt service and meet other financial obligations throughout the Affordability Period. NOI is determined by subtracting operating expenses, including replacement reserves and taxes, from rental and other income sources.

(1) Income. In determining the first year stabilized pro forma, the Underwriter evaluates the reasonableness of the Applicant's income pro forma by determining the appropriate rental rate per unit based on subsidy contracts, program limitations including but not limited to Utility Allowances, actual rents supported by rent rolls and Market Rents and other market conditions. Miscellaneous income, vacancy and collection loss limits as set forth in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of this paragraph, respectively, are used unless well-documented support is provided and independently verified by the Underwriter.
(A) Rental Income. The Underwriter will review the Applicant's proposed rent schedule and determine if it is consistent with the representations made throughout the Application. The Underwriter will independently calculate a Pro Forma Rent for comparison to the Applicant's estimate in the Application.
(i) Market Rents. The Underwriter will use the Market Analyst's conclusion of Market Rent if reasonably justified and supported by the attribute adjustment matrix of Comparable Units as described in § 11.303 of this chapter (relating to Market Analysis Rules and Guidelines). Independently determined Market Rents by the Underwriter may be used based on rent information gained from direct contact with comparable properties, whether or not used by the Market Analyst and other market data sources. For a Development that contains less than 15% unrestricted units, the Underwriter will limit the Pro Forma Rents to the lesser of Market Rent or the Gross Program Rent at 80% AMI.

(ii) Gross Program Rent. The Underwriter will use the Gross Program Rents for the year that is most current at the time the underwriting begins. When underwriting for a simultaneously funded competitive round, all Applications are underwritten with the Gross Program Rents for the same year. If Gross Program Rents are adjusted by the Department after the close of the Application Acceptance Period, but prior to publication of the Report, the Underwriter may adjust the Effective Gross Income (EGI) to account for any increase or decrease in Gross Program Rents for the purposes of determining the reasonableness of the Applicant's EGI.

(iii) Contract Rents. The Underwriter will review rental assistance contracts to determine the Contract Rents currently applicable to the Development. Documentation supporting the likelihood of continued rental assistance is also reviewed. The Underwriter will take into consideration the Applicant's intent to request a Contract Rent increase. At the discretion of the Underwriter, the Applicant's proposed rents may be used as the Pro Forma Rent, with the recommendations of the Report conditioned upon receipt of final approval of such an increase. Tenant-based vouchers or tenant-based rental assistance are not included as Income.

(iv) Utility Allowances. The Utility Allowances used in underwriting must be in compliance with all applicable federal guidance, and § 10.614 of this title (relating to Utility Allowances). Utility Allowances must be calculated for individually metered tenant paid utilities.

(v) Net Program Rents. Gross Program Rent less Utility Allowance.

(vi) Actual Rents for existing Developments will be reviewed as supported by a current rent roll. For Unstabilized Developments, actual rents will be based on the most recent units leased with occupancy and leasing velocity considered. Actual rents may be adjusted by the Underwriter to reflect lease-up concessions and other market considerations.

(vii) Collected Rent. Represents the monthly rent amount collected for each Unit Type. For rent- assisted units, the Contract Rent is used. In absence of a Contract Rent, the lesser of the Net Program Rent, Market Rent or actual rent is used.

(B) Miscellaneous Income. All ancillary fees and miscellaneous secondary income, including but not limited to, late fees, storage fees, laundry income, interest on deposits, carport and garage rent, washer and dryer rent, telecommunications fees, and other miscellaneous income, are anticipated to be included in a $5 to $30 per Unit per month range. Projected income from tenant-based rental assistance will not be considered. Exceptions may be made at the discretion of the Underwriter and must be supported by either the normalized operating history of the Development or other existing comparable properties within the same market area.
(i) The Applicant must show that a tenant will not be required to pay the additional fee or charge as a condition of renting a Unit and must show that the tenant has a reasonable alternative.

(ii) The Applicant's operating expense schedule should reflect an itemized offsetting line-item associated with miscellaneous income derived from pass-through utility payments, pass-through water, sewer and trash payments, and cable fees.

(iii) Collection rates of exceptional fee items will generally be heavily discounted.

(iv) If an additional fee is charged for the optional use of an amenity, any cost associated with the construction, acquisition, or development of the hard assets needed to produce the amenity must be excluded from Eligible Basis.

(C) Vacancy and Collection Loss. The Underwriter uses a normalized vacancy rate of 7.5% (5% vacancy plus 2.5% for collection loss). 100% project-based rental subsidy developments (not including employee-occupied units) may be underwritten at a combined 5% vacancy rate.

(D) Effective Gross Income (EGI). EGI is the total of Collected Rent for all Units plus Miscellaneous Income less Vacancy and Collection Loss. If the Applicant's pro forma EGI is within 5% of the EGI independently calculated by the Underwriter, the Applicant's EGI is characterized as reasonable in the Report; however, for purposes of calculating the underwritten DCR the Underwriter's pro forma will be used unless the Applicant's pro forma meets the requirements of paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(2) Expenses. In determining the first year stabilized operating expense pro forma, the Underwriter evaluates the reasonableness of the Applicant's expense estimate based upon the characteristics of each Development, including the location, utility structure, type, the size and number of Units, and the Applicant's management plan. Historical, stabilized and certified financial statements of an existing Development or Third Party quotes specific to a Development will reflect the strongest data points to predict future performance. The Underwriter may review actual operations on the Applicant's other properties monitored by the Department, if any, or review the proposed management company's comparable properties. The Department's database of properties located in the same market area or region as the proposed Development also provides data points; expense data from the Department's database is available on the Department's website. Data from the Institute of Real Estate Management's (IREM) most recent Conventional Apartments-Income/Expense Analysis book for the proposed Development's property type and specific location or region may be referenced. In some cases local or project-specific data such as PHA Utility Allowances and property tax rates are also given significant weight in determining the appropriate line item expense estimate. Estimates of utility savings from green building components, including on-site renewable energy, must be documented by an unrelated contractor or component vendor.
(A) General and Administrative Expense. (G&A) --Accounting fees, legal fees, advertising and marketing expenses, office operation, supplies, and equipment expenses. G&A does not include partnership related expenses such as asset management, accounting or audit fees. Costs of tenant services are not included in G&A.

(B) Management Fee. Fee paid to the property management company to oversee the operation of the Property and is most often based upon a percentage of EGI as documented in an existing property management agreement or proposal. The Underwriter will use the Applicant's proposed Management Fee if it is within the range of 4% to 6% of EGI. A proposed fee outside of this range must be documented.

(C) Payroll Expense. Compensation, insurance benefits, and payroll taxes for on-site office, leasing and maintenance staff. Payroll does not include Third-Party security or tenant services contracts. Staffing specific to tenant services, security or other staffing not related to customary property operations should be itemized and included in other expenses or tenant services expense.

(D) Repairs and Maintenance Expense. Materials and supplies for the repairs and maintenance of the Development including Third-Party maintenance contracts. This line-item does not include costs that are customarily capitalized that would result from major replacements or renovations.

(E) Utilities Expense. Gas and electric energy expenses paid by the Development. Estimates of utility savings from green building components, including on-site renewable energy, must be documented by an unrelated contractor or component vendor.

(F) Water, Sewer, and Trash Expense (WST). Includes all water, sewer and trash expenses paid by the Development.

(G) Insurance Expense. Cost of Insurance coverage for the buildings, contents, and general liability, but not health or workman's compensation insurance.

(H) Property Tax. Includes real property and personal property taxes but not payroll taxes.
(i) An assessed value will be calculated based on the capitalization rate published by the county taxing authority. If the county taxing authority does not publish a capitalization rate, a capitalization rate of 10% or a comparable assessed value may be used.

(ii) Other assessed values or property tax estimates may be used based on development specific factors as determined by the Underwriter.

(iii) If the Applicant proposes a property tax exemption or Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) agreement the Applicant must provide documentation in accordance with § 10.402(d) of this title (relating to Documentation Submission Requirements at Commitment of Funds). At the underwriter's discretion, such documentation may be required prior to Commitment or Determination Notice if deemed necessary.

(I) Replacement Reserves. Periodic deposits to a reserve account to pay for the future replacement or major repair of building systems and components (generally items considered capitalized costs). The Underwriter will use a minimum reserve of $250 per Unit for New Construction and Reconstruction Developments and $300 per Unit for all other Developments. The Underwriter may require an amount above $300 for the Development based on information provided in the Scope and Cost Review (SCR) or, for existing USDA developments, an amount approved by USDA. The Applicant's assumption for reserves may be adjusted by the Underwriter if the amount provided by the Applicant is insufficient to fund capital needs as documented by the SCR during the first fifteen (15) years of the long term pro forma. Higher reserves may be used if documented by a primary lender or syndicator.

(J) Other Operating Expenses. The Underwriter will include other reasonable, customary and documented property-level operating expenses such as audit fees, security expense, telecommunication expenses (tenant reimbursements must be reflected in EGI) and TDHCA's compliance fees. For Developments financed by USDA, a Return to Owner (RTO) may be included as an operating expense in an amount consistent with the maximum approved by USDA or an amount determined by the Underwriter. This category does not include depreciation, interest expense, lender or syndicator's asset management fees, or other ongoing partnership fees.

(K) Resident Services. Resident services are not included as an operating expense or included in the DCR calculation unless:
(i) There is a documented financial obligation on behalf of the Owner with a unit of state or local government to provide resident supportive services at a specified dollar amount. The state or local government documentation must be provided in the Application and the dollar amount of the financial obligation must be included in the DCR calculation on the 15-year pro forma at Application. ; or

(ii) The Applicant demonstrates a history of providing comparable supportive services and expenses at existing affiliated properties within the local area.; and

(iii) On-site staffing or pro ration of staffing for coordination of services only, and not the provision of services, can be included as a supportive services expense.

(L) Total Operating Expenses. The total of expense items described in subparagraphs (A) - (K) of this paragraph (relating to Operating Feasibility). If the Applicant's total expense estimate is within 5% of the final total expense figure calculated by the Underwriter, the Applicant's figure is characterized as reasonable in the Report; however, for purposes of calculating DCR, the Underwriter's independent calculation will be used unless the Applicant's first year stabilized pro forma meets the requirements of paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(3) Net Operating Income (NOI). The difference between the EGI and total operating expenses. If the Applicant's first year stabilized NOI figure is within 5% of the NOI calculated by the Underwriter, the Applicant's NOI is characterized as reasonable in the Report; however, for purposes of calculating the first year stabilized pro forma DCR, the Underwriter's calculation of NOI will be used unless the Applicant's first year stabilized EGI, total operating expenses, and NOI are each within 5% of the Underwriter's estimates. For Housing Tax Credit Developments at cost certification, actual NOI will be used as adjusted for stabilization of rents and extraordinary lease-up expenses. Permanent lender and equity partner stabilization requirements documented in the loan and partnership agreements will be considered in determining the appropriate adjustments and the NOI used by the Underwriter. For Tax-Exempt Bond Developments that do not include a request for Direct Loan or where the Department is not the bond issuer, the Underwriter will not develop independent estimates of EGI, Total Operating Expenses, or NOI. The Applicant's NOI will generally be characterized as reasonable, subject to review for compliance with Underwriting Rules and Guidelines.

(4) Debt Coverage Ratio. DCR is calculated by dividing NOI by the sum of the debt service payments on all permanent or foreclosable lien(s) with scheduled and periodic payment requirements, including any required debt service on a Direct Loan subject to the applicable Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) or other program requirements, and any on-going loan related fees such as credit enhancement fees or loan servicing fees. If executed loan documents do not exist, loan terms including principal and interest payments are calculated based on the terms indicated in the most current term sheet(s). Otherwise, actual terms indicated in the executed loan documents will be used. Unusual or non-traditional financing structures may also be considered.
(A) Interest Rate. The rate documented in the term sheet(s) or loan document(s) will be used for debt service calculations. Term sheets indicating a variable interest rate must provide the base rate index or methodology for determining the variable rate index and any component rates comprising an all-in interest rate. The term sheet(s) must state the lender's underwriting interest rate assumption, or the Applicant must submit a separate statement from the lender with an estimate of the interest rate as of the date of such statement. At initial underwriting, the Underwriter may adjust the underwritten interest rate assumption based on market data collected on similarly structured transactions or rate index history. Private Mortgage Insurance premiums and similar fees are not included in the interest rate but calculated on outstanding principal balance and added to the total debt service payment.

(B) Amortization Period. For purposes of calculating DCR, the permanent lender's amortization period will be used if not less than 30 years and not more than 40 years. Up to 50 years may be used for federally sourced or insured loans. For permanent lender debt with amortization periods less than 30 years, 30 years will be used. For permanent lender debt with amortization periods greater than 40 years, 40 years will be used. For non-Housing Tax Credit transactions a lesser amortization period may be used if the Direct Loans will be fully amortized over the same period as the permanent lender debt.

(C) Repayment Period. For purposes of projecting the DCR over a 30 year period for Developments with permanent financing structures with balloon payments in less than 30 years, the Underwriter will carry forward debt service based on a full amortization at the interest rate stated in the term sheet(s).

(D) Acceptable Debt Coverage Ratio Range. Except as set forth in clauses (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph, the acceptable first year stabilized pro forma DCR must be between a minimum of 1.15 and a maximum of 1.35 (maximum of 1.50 for Housing Tax Credit Developments at cost certification).
(i) If the DCR is less than the minimum, the recommendations of the Report may be based on a reduction to debt service and the Underwriter will make adjustments to the financing structure in the priority order presented in subclauses (I) - (IV) of this clause subject to Direct Loan NOFA requirements and program rules:
(I) A reduction to the interest rate of a Direct Loan;

(II) An increase in the amortization period of a Direct Loan;

(III) A reduction in the principal amount of a Direct Loan; and

(IV) An assumed reduction in the permanent loan amount for non-Department funded loans based upon the rates and terms in the permanent loan term sheet(s) as long as they are within the ranges in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.

(ii) If the DCR is greater than the maximum, the recommendations of the Report may be based on an increase to debt service and the Underwriter will make adjustments to the assumed financing structure in the priority order presented in subclauses (I) - (III) of this clause subject to Direct Loan NOFA requirements and program rules:
(I) an increase to the interest rate of a Direct Loan up to the lesser of the maximum interest rate pursuant to a Direct Loan NOFA or the interest rate on any senior permanent debt or if no senior permanent debt a market rate determined by the Underwriter based on current market interest rates;

(II) or a decrease in the amortization period on a Direct Loan but not less than 30 years; and

(III) an assumed increase in the permanent loan amount for non-Department proposed financing based upon the rates and terms in the permanent loan term sheet as long as they are within the ranges in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.

(iii) For Housing Tax Credit Developments, a reduction in the recommended Housing Credit Allocation Amount may be made based on the Gap Method described in subsection (c)(2) of this section as a result of an increased debt assumption, if any.

(iv) In order to comply with TDHCA's agreement with HUD, Developments financed with a Direct Loan subordinate to FHA financing will have to meet a combined DCR of 1.0 using 75% of surplus cash after the senior debt service is deducted from Net Operating Income (NOI). To calculate the combined DCR:

(FHA senior debt service + ((1st year NOI - FHA senior debt service)*75%))) / (FHA senior debt service + amortized MDL debt service)

A mathematical example is provided in the Multifamily Procedures Manual.

(v) The Underwriter may limit total debt service that is senior to a Direct Loan to produce an acceptable DCR on the Direct Loan and may limit total debt service if the Direct Loan is the senior primary debt.

(5) Long Term Pro forma. The Underwriter will create a 30-year operating pro forma using the criteria provided in subparagraphs (A) to (C) of this paragraph:
(A) The Underwriter's or Applicant's first year stabilized pro forma as determined by paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(B) A 2% annual growth factor is utilized for income and a 3% annual growth factor is utilized for operating expenses except for management fees that are calculated based on a percentage of each year's EGI.

(C) Adjustments may be made to the long term pro forma if satisfactory support documentation is provided by the Applicant or as independently determined by the Underwriter.

(e) Total Housing Development Costs. The Department's estimate of the Total Housing Development Cost will be based on the Applicant's Development cost schedule to the extent that costs can be verified to a reasonable degree of certainty with documentation from the Applicant and tools available to the Underwriter. For New Construction Developments, the Underwriter's total cost estimate will be used unless the Applicant's Total Housing Development Cost is within 5% of the Underwriter's estimate. The Department's estimate of the Total Housing Development Cost for Rehabilitation Developments or Adaptive Reuse Developments will be based on the estimated cost provided in the SCR for the scope of work as defined by the Applicant and § 11.306(a)(5) of this chapter (relating to SCR Guidelines); the Underwriter may make adjustments to the SCR estimated costs. If the Applicant's cost estimate is utilized and the Applicant's line item costs are inconsistent with documentation provided in the Application or program rules, the Underwriter may make adjustments to the Applicant's Total Housing Development Cost. For Competitive Housing Tax Credit Applications, the Underwriter will adjust an Applicant's cost schedule line item to meet program rules. Underwriter will not make subsequent adjustments to the application to meet feasibility requirements as a result of the initial adjustment required to meet program rules.

(1) Acquisition Costs. All appraised values must be based on as-is values at the time of Application as further stated in § 11.304 of this chapter (relating to Appraisal Rules and Guidelines).
(A) Land, Acquisition and Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, and Adaptive Reuse Acquisition.
(i) For a non-identity of interest acquisition with no building acquisition cost in basis or when the acquisition is not part of the Direct Loan eligible cost and not subject to the appraisal requirements in the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Act of 1970, the underwritten acquisition cost will be the amount(s) reflected in the Site Control document(s) for the Property. At Cost Certification, the acquisition cost used will be the actual amount paid as verified by the settlement statement.

(ii) For an identity of interest acquisition or when required by the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Acquisition Act of 1970 the underwritten acquisition cost will be the lesser of the amount reflected in the Site Control documents for the property or the appraised value as determined by an appraisal that meets the requirements of § 11.304 of this chapter (relating to Appraisal Rules and Guidelines). An appraisal is not required if the land or building are donated to the proposed Development, and no costs of acquisition appear on the Development Cost Schedule. For an identity of interest transaction where the most recent arms-length transaction occurred within five years of the application submission date, the settlement statement for the most recent third party acquisition must be included with the site control documents. An acquisition will be considered an identity of interest transaction when an Affiliate of the seller is an Affiliate of, or a Related Party to, any Owner at any level of the Development Team or a Related Party lender; and
(I) is the current owner in whole or in part of the Property as of the first date of the Application Acceptance Period or the Application Acceptance Date for Direct Loans; or

(II) has or had within the prior 36 months the legal or beneficial ownership of the property or any portion thereof or interest therein regardless of ownership percentage, control or profit participation prior to the first day of the Application Acceptance Period or in the case of a tax-exempt bond or 4% tax credit application the Application Date.

(iii) For all identity of interest acquisitions, the cost used at cost certification will be limited to the acquisition cost underwritten in the initial Underwriting of the Application.

(iv) In cases where more land will be acquired (by the Applicant or a Related Party) than will be utilized as the Development Site and the remainder acreage is not accessible for use by tenants or dedicated as permanent and maintained green space, the value ascribed to the proposed Development Site will be prorated based on acreage from the total cost reflected in the Site Control document(s) or the appraisal, if an appraisal is required. An appraisal containing segregated values for the total acreage to be acquired, the acreage for the Development Site and the remainder acreage may be used by the Underwriter in making a proration determination based on relative value. The Underwriter will not utilize a prorated value greater than the total amount in the Site Control document(s).

(B) USDA Rehabilitation Developments. The underwritten acquisition cost for developments financed by USDA will be the transfer value approved by USDA.

(C) Eligible Basis on Acquisition of Buildings. Building acquisition cost included in Eligible Basis is limited to the appraised value of the buildings, exclusive of land value, as determined by an appraisal that meets the requirements of § 11.304 of this chapter (relating to Appraisal Rules and Guidelines). If the acquisition cost in the Site Control documents is less than the appraised value, Underwriter will utilize the land value from the appraisal and adjust the building acquisition cost accordingly.

(2) Off-Site Costs. The Underwriter will only consider costs of Off-Site Construction that are well documented and certified to by a Third Party engineer on the required Application forms with supporting documentation.

(3) Site Work Costs. The Underwriter will only consider costs of Site Work, including site amenities, that are well documented and certified to by a Third Party engineer on the required Application forms with supporting documentation.

(4) Building Costs.
(A) New Construction and Reconstruction. The Underwriter will use the Marshall and Swift Residential Cost Handbook, other comparable published Third-Party cost estimating data sources, historical final cost certifications of previous Housing Tax Credit developments and other acceptable cost data available to the Underwriter to estimate Building Cost. Generally, the "Average Quality" multiple, townhouse, or single family costs, as appropriate, from the Marshall and Swift Residential Cost Handbook or other comparable published Third-Party data source, will be used based upon details provided in the Application and particularly building plans and elevations. Costs for multi- level parking structures must be supported by a cost estimate from a Third Party contractor with demonstrated experience in structured parking construction. The Underwriter will consider amenities, specifications and development types not included in the Average Quality standard. The Underwriter may consider a sales tax exemption for nonprofit General Contractors.

(B) Rehabilitation and Adaptive Reuse.
(i) The Applicant must provide a scope of work and narrative description of the work to be completed. The narrative should speak to all Off-Site Construction, Site Work, and building components including finishes and equipment, and development amenities. The narrative should be in sufficient detail so that the reader can understand the work and it must generally be arranged consistent with the line- items on the SCR Supplement and must also be consistent with the Development Cost Schedule of the Application.

(ii) The Underwriter will use cost data provided on the SCR Supplement if adequately described and substantiated in the SCR report as the basis for estimating Total Housing Development Costs.

(5) Contingency. Total contingency, including any soft cost contingency, will be limited to a maximum of 7% of Building Cost plus Site Work and Off-Site Construction for New Construction and Reconstruction Developments, and 10% of Building Cost plus Site Work and Off-Site Construction for Rehabilitation and Adaptive Reuse Developments. For Housing Tax Credit Developments, the percentage is applied to the sum of the eligible Building Cost, eligible Site Work costs and eligible Off-Site Construction costs in calculating the eligible contingency cost.

(6) General Contractor Fee. General Contractor fees include general requirements, contractor overhead, and contractor profit. General requirements include, but are not limited to, on-site supervision or construction management, off-site supervision and overhead, jobsite security, equipment rental, storage, temporary utilities, and other indirect costs. General Contractor fees are limited to a total of 14% on Developments with Hard Costs of $3 million or greater, the lesser of $420,000 or 16% on Developments with Hard Costs less than $3 million and greater than $2 million, and the lesser of $320,000 or 18% on Developments with Hard Costs at $2 million or less. Any contractor fees to Affiliates or Related Party subcontractors regardless of the percentage of the contract sum in the construction contract (s) will be treated collectively with the General Contractor Fee limitations. Any General Contractor fees above this limit will be excluded from Total Housing Development Costs. For Housing Tax Credit Developments, the percentages are applied to the sum of the Eligible Hard Costs in calculating the eligible contractor fees. For Developments also receiving financing from USDA, the combination of builder's general requirements, builder's overhead, and builder's profit should not exceed the lower of TDHCA or USDA requirements. Additional fees for ineligible costs will be limited to the same percentage of ineligible Hard Costs but will not be included in Eligible Basis.

(7) Developer Fee.
(A) For Housing Tax Credit Developments, the Developer Fee included in Eligible Basis cannot exceed 15% of the project's eligible costs, less Developer Fee, for Developments proposing 50 Units or more and 20% of the project's eligible costs, less Developer Fee, for Developments proposing 49 Units or less. If the Development is an additional phase, proposed by any Principal of the existing tax credit Development, the Developer Fee may not exceed 15%, regardless of the number of Units.

(B) For Housing Tax Credit Developments, any additional Developer Fee claimed for ineligible costs will be limited to the same percentage but applied only to ineligible Hard Costs. Any Developer Fee above this limit will be excluded from Total Housing Development Costs. All fees to Affiliates or Related Parties for work or guarantees determined by the Underwriter to be typically completed or provided by the Developer or Principal(s) of the Developer will be considered part of Developer Fee. All costs for general and administrative expenses for the Developer, including, but not limited to, travel, dining, and courier fees will be considered part of the Developer Fee.

(C) For Housing Tax Credit Developments, Eligible Developer Fee is multiplied by the appropriate Applicable Percentage depending on whether it is attributable to acquisition or rehabilitation basis.

(D) For non-Housing Tax Credit Developments, the percentage can be up to 7.5%, but is based upon Total Housing Development Cost less the sum of the fee itself, land costs, the costs of permanent financing, excessive construction period financing described in paragraph (8) of this subsection, reserves, and any identity of interest acquisition cost.

(8) Financing Costs. All fees required by the construction lender, permanent lender and equity partner must be indicated in the term sheets. Eligible construction period interest is limited to the lesser of actual eligible construction period interest, or the interest on one year's fully drawn construction period loan funds at the construction period interest rate indicated in the term sheet(s). For tax-exempt bond transactions up to 24 months of interest may be included. Any excess over this amount will not be included in Eligible Basis. Construction period interest on Related Party or Affiliate construction loans is only included in Eligible Basis with documentation satisfactory to the Underwriter that the loan will be at a market interest rate, fees and loan terms and the Related Party lender can demonstrate that it is routinely engaged in construction financing to unrelated parties.

(9) Reserves. Except for the underwriting of a Housing Tax Credit Development at cost certification, the Underwriter will utilize the amount presented in the Applicant's Development Cost Schedule up to twelve months of stabilized operating expenses plus debt service (up to twenty-four months for USDA or HUD-financed rehabilitation transactions). Reserve amounts exceeding these limits will be excluded from Total Housing Development Costs. Pursuant to § 10.404(c) of this title (relating to Operative Reserve Accounts), and for the underwriting of a Housing Tax Credit Development at cost certification, operating reserves that will be maintained for a minimum period of five years and documented in the Owner's partnership agreement or the permanent lender's loan documents will be included as a development cost.

(10) Soft Costs. Eligible soft costs are generally costs that can be capitalized in the basis of the Development for tax purposes. The Underwriter will evaluate and apply the allocation of these soft costs in accordance with the Department's prevailing interpretation of the Code. Generally, the Applicant's costs are used; however the Underwriter will use comparative data and Third Party CPA certification as to the capitalization of the costs to determine the reasonableness of all soft costs. For Tax-Exempt Bond Developments that do not include a request for Direct Loan or where the Department is not the bond issuer, the Underwriter will not develop independent estimates for Building Cost or Soft Costs. The Applicant's Total Housing Development Cost and Total Eligible Cost will generally be characterized as reasonable, subject to review for compliance with Underwriting Rules and Guidelines.

(11) Additional Tenant Amenities. For Housing Tax Credit Developments and after submission of the cost certification package, the Underwriter may consider costs of additional building and site amenities (suitable for the Target Population being served) proposed by the Owner in an amount not to exceed 1.5% of the originally underwritten Hard Costs. The additional amenities must be included in the LURA.

(f) Development Team Capacity and Development Plan.

(1) The Underwriter will evaluate and report on the overall capacity of the Development Team by reviewing aspects, including but not limited to those identified in subparagraphs (A) - (D) of this paragraph:
(A) Personal credit reports for development sponsors, Developer Fee recipients and those individuals anticipated to provide guarantee(s) in cases when warranted. The Underwriter may evaluate the credit report and identify any bankruptcy, state or federal tax liens or other relevant credit risks for compliance with eligibility and debarment requirements as found in Chapter 2 of this title (relating to Enforcement);

(B) Quality of construction, Rehabilitation, and ongoing maintenance of previously awarded housing developments by review of construction inspection reports, compliance on-site visits, findings of NSPIRE violations and other information available to the Underwriter;

(C) For Housing Tax Credit Developments, repeated or ongoing failure to timely submit cost certifications, requests for and clearance of final inspections, and timely response to deficiencies in the cost certification process; and

(D) Adherence to obligations on existing or prior Department funded developments with respect to program rules and documentation.

(2) While all components of the Development plan may technically meet the other individual requirements of this section, a confluence of serious concerns and unmitigated risks identified during the underwriting process may result in an Application being determined to be infeasible by the Underwriter. Any recommendation made under this subsection to deny an Application for a Grant, Direct Loan or Housing Credit Allocation is subject to Appeal as further provided for in § 11.902 of this chapter (relating to Appeals).

(g) Other Underwriting Considerations. The Underwriter will evaluate additional feasibility elements as described in paragraphs (1) - (4) of this subsection.

(1) Interim Operating Income. Interim operating income listed as a source of funds must be supported by a detailed lease-up schedule and analysis.

(2) Floodplains. The Underwriter evaluates the site plan, floodplain map, survey and other information provided to determine if any of the buildings, drives, or parking areas reside within the 100-year floodplain. If such a determination is made by the Underwriter, the Report will include a condition that:
(A) The Applicant must pursue and receive a Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA) or Letter of Map Revision (LOMR-F); or

(B) The Applicant must identify the cost of flood insurance for the buildings within the 100-year floodplain and certify that the flood insurance will be obtained; and

(C) The Development must be proposed to be designed to comply with the QAP, Program Rules and NOFA, and applicable Federal or state requirements.

(3) Proximity to Other Developments. The Underwriter will identify in the Report any Developments funded or known and anticipated to be eligible for funding within one linear mile of the subject. Distance is measured in a straight line from nearest boundary point to nearest boundary point.

(4) Direct Loans. In accordance with the requirements of 24 CFR §§ 92.250 and 93.300(b), a request for a Direct Loan will not be recommended for approval if the DCR exceeds 1.50 any year during the longer of the term of the Direct Loan or the Federal Affordability Period, unless the Applicant elects to commit 25% of annual Cash Flow to a special reserve account, in accordance with § 10.404(d) of this title, for any year the DCR is over 1.50. Annual Cash Flow will be calculated after deducting any payment due to the Developer on a deferred developer fee loan and any scheduled payments on cash flow loans. The Department will calculate the total special reserve amount based on the Cash Flow at Direct Loan Closing underwriting. The deposits into the special reserve account must be made annually from 25% of remaining annual cash flow until the total special reserve amount is reached. Alternatively, Applicant may request the Direct Loan interest rate be increased by Underwriter at Direct Loan Closing underwriting if financially feasibility is still met. If the Direct Loan is not recommended for approval, the remaining feasibility considerations under this section will be based on a revised sources schedule that does not contain the Direct Loan. This standard will also be used when the Development Owner is seeking approval for a request for a subordination agreement or a refinance, except the total special reserve amount will be based on the Cash Flow reflected in the underwriting at that time. A special reserve account is not eligible for Developments layered with FHA financing that is subject to HUD's Multifamily Accelerated Processing Guide.

(h) Work Out Development. Developments that are underwritten subsequent to Board approval in order to refinance or gain relief from restrictions may be considered infeasible based on the guidelines in this section, but may be characterized as "the best available option" or "acceptable available option" depending on the circumstances and subject to the discretion of the Underwriter as long as the option analyzed and recommended is more likely to achieve a better financial outcome for the property and the Department than the status quo.

(i) Feasibility Conclusion. A Development will be characterized as infeasible if paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection applies. The Development will be characterized as infeasible if one or more of paragraphs (3) or (4) of this subsection, applies unless paragraph (5)(B) of this subsection also applies.

(1) Gross Capture Rate, AMGI Band Capture Rates, and Individual Unit Capture Rate. The method for determining capture rates for a Development is defined in § 11.303 of this chapter (relating to Market Analysis Rules and Guidelines). The Underwriter will verify the conclusions of the capture rates and may, at their discretion, use independently acquired demographic data to calculate demand and may make a determination of the capture rates based upon an analysis of the Sub-market. The Development:
(A) Is characterized as an Elderly Development and the Gross Capture Rate or any AMGI bad capture rate exceeds 10%; or

(B) Is outside a Rural Area and targets the general population, and the Gross Capture Rate or any AMGI band capture rate exceeds 10% (or 15% for Tax-Exempt Bond Developments located in an MSA (as defined in the HTC Site Demographics Characteristics Report) with a population greater than one million if the average physical occupancy is 92.5% or greater for all stabilized affordable housing developments located within a 20 minute drive time, as supported by the Market Analyst, from the subject Development); or

(C) Is in a Rural Area and targets the general population, and:
(i) contains Housing Tax Credit Units of 120 or less, and the Gross Capture Rate or any AMGI band capture rate exceeds 30%; or

(ii) contains more than 120 Housing Tax Credit Units, and the Gross Capture Rate or any AMGI band capture rate exceeds 10%; or

(D) Is Supportive Housing and the Gross Capture Rate or any AMGI band capture rate exceeds 30%; or

(E) Has an Individual Unit Capture Rate for any Unit Type greater than 65%; and

(F) Developments meeting the requirements of subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) of this paragraph may avoid being characterized as infeasible if clause (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph apply:
(i) Replacement Housing. The proposed Development is comprised of affordable housing which replaces previously existing affordable housing within the Primary Market Area as defined in § 11.303 of this chapter (relating to Market Analysis Rules and Guidelines) on a Unit for Unit basis, and gives the displaced tenants of the previously existing affordable housing a leasing preference; or

(ii) Existing Housing. The proposed Development is comprised of existing affordable housing, whether defined by an existing land use and rent restriction agreement or if the subject rents are at or below 50% AMGI rents, which is at least 50% occupied and gives displaced existing tenants a leasing preference as stated in a relocation plan.

(2) Deferred Developer Fee. Applicants requesting an allocation of tax credits where the estimated Deferred Developer Fee, based on the underwritten capitalization structure, is not repayable from Cash Flow within the first 15 years of the long term pro forma as described in subsection (d)(5) of this section.

(3) Initial Feasibility.
(A) Except when underwritten at cost certification, the first year stabilized pro forma operating expense divided by the first year stabilized pro forma Effective Gross Income is greater than 68% for Rural Developments 36 Units or less, and 65% for all other Developments.

(B) The first year DCR is below 1.15 (1.00 for USDA Developments).

(4) Long Term Feasibility. The Long Term Pro forma reflects:
(A) A Debt Coverage Ratio below 1.15 at any time during years two through fifteen; or

(B) Negative Cash Flow at any time throughout the term of a Direct Loan, or at any time during years two through fifteen for applications that do not include a request for a Direct Loan.

(5) Exceptions. The infeasibility conclusions will not apply if:
(A) The Executive Director of the Department finds that documentation submitted by the Applicant at the request of the Underwriter will support unique circumstances that will provide mitigation.

(B) Developments not meeting the requirements of one or more of paragraphs (3)(A) or (4) of this subsection will be re-characterized as feasible if one or more of clauses (i) - (v) of this subparagraph apply. A Development financed with a Direct Loan, including a Supportive Housing Development, will not be re-characterized as feasible with respect to paragraph (4)(B) of this subsection. The Development:
(i) will receive Project-based Section 8 Rental Assistance or the HUD Rental Assistance Demonstration Program for at least 50% of the Units and a firm commitment, with terms including Contract Rent and number of Units, is submitted at Application;

(ii) will receive rental assistance for at least 50% of the Units in association with USDA financing;

(iii) will be characterized as public housing as defined by HUD for at least 50% of the Units;

(iv) meets the requirements under § 11.1(d)(124)(E)(i) of this chapter (relating to the Definition of Supportive Housing); or

(v) has other long term project based restrictions on rents for at least 50% of the Units that allow rents to increase based upon expenses and the Applicant's proposed rents are at least 10% lower than both the Net Program Rent and Market Rent.

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