Texas Administrative Code
Title 1 - ADMINISTRATION
Part 3 - OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
Chapter 59 - COLLECTIONS
Section 59.2 - Collection Process: Uniform Guidelines and Referral of Delinquent Collections
Universal Citation: 1 TX Admin Code ยง 59.2
Current through Reg. 49, No. 38; September 20, 2024
(a) Definitions. The following words and terms, when used in this section, shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
(1) Attorney general--The Office of the
Attorney General of Texas, acting through the Bankruptcy and Collections
Division of the agency.
(2)
Debtor--Any person or entity liable or potentially liable for an obligation
owed to the state or a state agency or against whom a claim or demand for
payment has been made.
(3)
Delinquent--Payment is past due by law or by customary business practice, and
all conditions precedent to payment have occurred or been performed.
(4) Make demand--To deliver or cause to be
delivered by United States mail, first class, a writing setting forth the
nature and amount of the obligation owed to the agency. A writing making demand
is a "demand letter."
(5)
Obligation--A debt, judgment, claim, account, fee, fine, tax, penalty,
interest, loan, charge, or grant.
(6) Security--Any right to have property
owned by an entity with an obligation to a state agency sold or forfeited in
satisfaction of the obligation; and any instrument granting a cause of action
in favor of the State of Texas and/or the agency against another entity and/or
that entity's property, such as a bond, letter of credit, or other collateral
that has been pledged to the agency to secure an obligation.
(7) State agency--Any agency, board,
commission, institution, or other unit of state government.
(b) Uniform guidelines for state agencies in collecting delinquent obligations.
(1) A state agency shall adopt procedures to
establish and determine the liability of each person responsible for the
obligation, whether that liability can be established by statutory or common
law. Agency records shall contain and reflect the identity of all persons
liable on the obligation or any part thereof. All agency collection procedures
shall apply to every debtor, subject to reasonable tolerances established by
the agency. (See paragraph (8) of this subsection.)
(2) A state agency shall adopt procedures to
ensure that agency records reflect the correct physical address of the debtor's
place of business, and, where applicable, the debtor's residence. Where a
fiduciary or trust relationship exists between the agency (or the state) as
principal and the debtor as trustee, an accurate physical address shall be
maintained. A post office box address should not be used. Agency records may
reflect a post office box where it is impractical to obtain a physical address,
or where the post office box address is in addition to a correct physical
address maintained on the agency's books and records.
(3) All demand letters should be mailed in an
envelope bearing the notation "address correction requested" in conformity with
39 Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter III, Subchapter A, Part 3001, Subpart
C, Appendix A, §911. If an address correction is provided by the United
States Postal Service, the demand letter should be re-sent to that address
prior to the referral procedures described herein. Demand should be made upon
every debtor prior to referral of the account to the attorney general. The
final demand letter should include a statement, where practical, that the debt,
if not paid, will be referred to the attorney general.
(4) Where state law allows an agency to
record a lien securing the obligation, the agency shall file the lien in the
appropriate records of the county where the debtor's principal place of
business, or, where appropriate, the debtor's residence, is located or in such
county as may be required by law. The lien shall be filed as soon as the
obligation becomes delinquent or as soon as is practicable. After referral of
the delinquency to the attorney general, any lien securing the indebtedness may
not be released, except on full payment of the obligation, without the approval
of the attorney representing the agency in the matter.
(5) Where practicable, agencies shall
maintain individual collection histories of each account in order to document
attempted contacts with the debtor, the substance of communications with the
debtor, efforts to locate the debtor and his assets, and other information
pertinent to collection of the delinquent account.
(6) Prior to referral of the obligation to
the attorney general, the agency shall:
(A)
verify the debtor's address and telephone number;
(B) transmit no more than two demand letters
to the debtor at the debtor's verified address. The first demand letter should
be sent no later than 30 days after the obligation becomes delinquent. The
second demand letter should be sent no sooner than 30 days, but not more than
60 days, after the first demand letter. Where agency procedures, statutory
mandates, or the requirements of this section indicate that a lawsuit on the
account may be filed by the Attorney General, the demand letters shall so
indicate;
(C) verify that the
obligation is not legally uncollectible or uncollectible as a practical matter.
Agencies shall adopt procedures to ensure that referred obligations are not
uncollectible. By way of example, the following illustrations apply.
(i) Bankruptcy. Agencies should prepare and
timely file a proof of claim, when appropriate, in the bankruptcy case of each
debtor, subject to reasonable tolerances adopted by the agency. Copies of all
such proofs of claims filed should be sent to the attorney general absent the
granting of a variance. Agencies shall maintain records of notices of
bankruptcy filings, dismissals and discharge orders received from the United
States bankruptcy courts to enable the agency to ascertain whether the
collection of the claim is subject to the automatic stay provisions of the
bankruptcy code or whether the debt has been discharged. Agencies may seek the
assistance of the attorney general in bankruptcy collection matters where
necessary, including the filing of a notice of appearance and preparation of a
proof of claim.
(ii) Limitations.
If the obligation is subject to an applicable limitations provision that would
prevent suit as a matter of law, the obligation should not be referred unless
circumstances indicate that limitations has been tolled or is otherwise
inapplicable.
(iii) Corporations.
If a corporation has been dissolved, has been in liquidation under Chapter 7 of
the United States Bankruptcy Code, or has forfeited its corporate privileges or
charter, or, in the case of a foreign corporation, had its certificate of
authority revoked, the obligation should be referred unless circumstances
indicate that the account is clearly uncollectible.
(iv) Out-of-state debtors. If the debtor is
an individual and is located out-of-state, or outside the United States, the
matter should not be referred unless a determination is made that the
domestication of a Texas judgment in the foreign forum would more likely than
not result in collection of the obligation, or that the expenditure of agency
funds to retain foreign counsel to domesticate the judgment and proceed with
collection attempts is justified.
(v) Deceased debtors. If the debtor is
deceased, agencies should file a claim in each probate proceeding administering
the decedent's estate. If such probate proceeding has concluded and there are
no remaining assets of the decedent available for distribution, the delinquent
obligation should be classified as uncollectible and not be referred. In cases
where a probate administration is pending, or where no administration has been
opened, all referred obligations should include an explanation of any
circumstances indicating that the decedent has assets available to apply toward
satisfaction of the obligation.
(7) Not later than the 90th day after the
date an obligation becomes delinquent, the agency shall report the uncollected
and delinquent obligation to the attorney general for further collection
efforts as hereinafter provided. See §
RSA
2107.003, Texas Government Code.
(8) Agencies shall adopt reasonable
tolerances, subject to review by the attorney general, below which an
obligation shall not be referred. Factors to be considered in establishing
tolerances include the size of the debt; the existence of any security; the
likelihood of collection through passive means such as the filing of a lien
where applicable; expense to the agency and to the attorney general in
attempting to collect the obligation; and the availability of resources both
within the agency and within the Office of the Attorney General to devote to
the collection of the obligation.
(9) An agency should utilize the "warrant
hold" procedures of the Comptroller of Public Accounts authorized by the Texas
Government Code, §
RSA
403.055, to ensure that no treasury warrants
are issued to debtors until the debt is paid. Please see Accounting Policy
Statement 28, "Reporting of Debts and Certain Tax Delinquencies to the State,"
issued April 16, 1999 and reissued October 6, 2000 available on the Comptroller
of Public Accounts' website at www.cpa.state.tx.us.
(c) Referral to attorneys.
(1) Suit on the obligation by in-house
attorneys.
(A) Agencies seeking to use
in-house attorneys to collect delinquent obligations through court proceedings
must submit a written request to the attorney general's Bankruptcy and
Collections Division. Upon written approval, a state agency may file suit to
collect a delinquent obligation through an attorney serving as a full-time
employee of the agency. Where circumstances make it impractical to secure
attorney general approval for every delinquent obligation upon which a lawsuit
is to be filed, a state agency may apply to the attorney general for an
authorization to bring suit on particular types of obligations through
attorneys employed full-time by the agency. Such authorization, if given, must
be renewed at the beginning of each fiscal year.
(B) After an obligation is referred to agency
attorneys employed as in-house counsel, the obligation shall be reduced to
judgment against all entities legally responsible for the obligation where the
lawsuit and judgment will make collection of the obligation more likely and the
expenditure of agency resources in recovering judgment on the obligation is
justified.
(C) Where authorized by
law, the agency shall plead for and recover attorney's fees, investigative
costs, and court costs in addition to the obligation.
(D) Every judgment taken on a delinquent
obligation should be abstracted and recorded by the agency in every county
where the debtor: owns real property; operates an active business; is likely to
inherit real property; owns any mineral interest; or has maintained a residence
for more than one year.
(2) Referral to the attorney general.
(A) Agencies are encouraged to explore the
exchange of accounts with the Attorney General by computer tape or other
electronic data transfer and to discuss any variances as may be appropriate.
The agency and the Attorney General may agree upon an exchange of certain
minimum account information necessary for collection efforts by the Attorney
General.
(B) Agencies may refer
individual accounts to the attorney general after the procedures set forth in
subsection (b)(6) - (8) of this section. Individual accounts referred to the
attorney general should include by the following:
(i) copies of all correspondence between the
agency and the debtor;
(ii) a log
sheet (see subsection (b)(5) of this section) documenting all attempted
contacts with the debtor and the result of such attempts;
(iii) a record of all payments made by the
debtor and, where practicable, copies of all checks tendered as
payment;
(iv) any information
pertaining to the debtor's residence and his assets; and
(v) copies of any permit application,
security, final orders, contracts, grants, or instrument giving rise to the
obligation.
(C)
Delinquent accounts upon which a bond or other security is held shall be
referred to the attorney general no later than 60 days after becoming
delinquent. All such accounts where the principal has filed for relief under
federal bankruptcy laws shall be referred immediately, since collection of the
security may obviate the need to file a claim or to appear in the bankruptcy
case.
(D) The attorney general may
decide that a particular obligation or class of obligations may be assigned
after referral to the appropriate division within the Office of the Attorney
General.
(3) Referral to
collection firms or private attorneys.
(A)
Prior approval of attorney general. Except as provided by §
RSA
2107.003, Texas Government Code, no agency
may contract with, retain, or employ any person other than a full-time employee
of the agency to collect a delinquent obligation without prior written approval
of the attorney general. Any existing arrangements must receive the written
approval of the attorney general to be renewed or extended in any fashion.
(i) Approval of contract with private firm or
attorney. Prior to contracting with, retaining, or employing a person other
than a full-time employee of the agency to collect a delinquent obligation, an
agency must submit a proposal to the attorney general requesting the attorney
general to collect the obligation(s). Any agency contracting with any person
other than a full-time employee of the agency for the collection of a
delinquent obligation must submit the proposed contract to the attorney general
for written approval. The proposal must disclose any fee that the agency
proposes to pay the private collection firm or attorney. The attorney general
may elect to undertake representation of the agency on the same or similar
terms as contained in the proposed contract. If the attorney general declines
or is unable to perform the services requested, the attorney general may
approve the contract. If the attorney general decides that the agency has not
complied with this subsection, the attorney general may:
(I) decline to approve the contract;
or
(II) require the agency to
submit or resubmit a proposal to the attorney general for collection of the
obligation in accordance with this subsection.
(ii) If the attorney general fails to act as
set forth in clause (i) of this subparagraph within 60 days of receipt of the
proposed contract or receipt of additional information requested, the attorney
general is deemed to have approved the contract in accordance with this
rule.
(B) Requirements
of proposed contracts with private persons presented for attorney general
approval. In addition to information required by other state laws, all
contracts for collection of delinquent obligations must contain or be supported
by a proposal containing the following:
(i) a
description of the obligations to be collected sufficient to enable the
attorney general to determine what measures are necessary to attempt to collect
the obligation(s);
(ii) explicit
terms of the basis of any fee or payment for the collection of the
obligation(s);
(iii) a description
of the individual accounts to be collected in the following respects:
(I) the total number of delinquent
accounts;
(II) the dollar
range;
(III) the total dollar
amount;
(IV) a summary of the
collection efforts previously made by the agency; and
(V) the legal basis of the delinquent
obligations to be collected.
(C) Suggested requirements of proposed
contracts with private persons presented for attorney general approval. All
contracts for collection of delinquent obligations should contain provisions
stating the following:
(i) that litigation on
the delinquent account is prohibited unless the private person obtains specific
written authorization from the agency and the attorney general and complies
with the requirements of this rule;
(ii) that the person is required to place any
funds collected in an interest bearing account with amounts collected, plus
interest, less collections costs, payable to the agency on a monthly basis or
by direct deposit to the agency's account on a weekly basis with the agency
billing once a month; in either case a listing of the accounts and amounts
collected per account should be submitted to the agency upon deposit of the
funds;
(iii) that the person refer
any bankruptcy notice to the agency within three working days of
receipt;
(iv) that the agency may
recall any account without charge;
(v) that the person may not settle or
compromise the account for less than the full amount owed (including collection
costs where authorized by statute or terms of the obligation) without written
authority from the agency;
(vi)
that the person is not an agent of the agency but is an independent contractor;
and providing further that the person will indemnify the agency for any loss
incurred by his violation of state and federal debt collection statutes or by
the negligence of the person, his employees or agents;
(vii) that any dispute arising under the
contract be submitted to a court of competent jurisdiction in Texas, unless any
other venue is statutorily mandated, in which case the specific venue statute
will apply, subject to any alternative dispute resolution procedures adopted by
the agency pursuant to Chapter 2009, Texas Government Code.
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