Current through September 24, 2024
(1) The
requirements of this rule constitute national primary drinking water
regulations.
General Requirements.
(a) The regulations in this rule establish
criteria under which community water systems (CWSs) and non-transient,
non-community water systems (NTNCWSs) which add a chemical disinfectant to the
water in any part of the drinking water treatment process or which provide
water that contains a chemical disinfectant, must modify their practices to
meet MCLs and MRDLs in Rule 0400-45-01-.06 and must meet the treatment
technique requirements for disinfection byproduct precursors in this
rule.
(b) The regulations in this
rule establish criteria under which transient NCWSs that use chlorine dioxide
as a disinfectant or oxidant must modify their practices to meet the MRDL for
chlorine dioxide in Rule 0400-45-01-.06.
(c) EPA has established MCLs for TTHM and
HAA5 and treatment technique requirements for disinfection byproduct precursors
to limit the levels of known and unknown disinfection byproducts which may have
adverse health effects. These disinfection byproducts may include chloroform;
bromodichloromethane; dibromochloromethane; bromoform; dichloroacetic acid; and
trichloroacetic acid.
(2) Compliance dates.
(a) CWSs and NTNCWSs. Unless otherwise noted,
systems must comply with the requirements of this rule as follows: Subpart H
systems serving 10,000 or more persons must comply with this rule beginning
January 1, 2002. Subpart H systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons and
systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water
must comply with this rule beginning January 1, 2004.
(b) Transient NCWSs. Subpart H systems
serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or
oxidant must comply with the requirements for chlorine dioxide and chlorite in
this rule beginning January 1, 2002. Subpart H systems serving fewer than
10,000 persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant and
systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water
and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the
requirements for chlorine dioxide and chlorite beginning January 1,
2004.
(3) Each CWS and
NTNCWS regulated under subparagraph (1)(a) of this rule must be operated by
qualified personnel who meet the requirements specified by the
Department.
(4) Control of
disinfectant residuals. Notwithstanding the MRDLs in Rule 0400-45-01-.06,
systems may increase residual disinfectant levels of chlorine and chloramines
(but not chlorine dioxide) in the distribution system to a level and for a time
necessary to protect public health, to address specific microbiological
contamination problems caused by circumstances such as, but not limited to,
distribution line breaks, storm run-off events, source water contamination
events, or cross-connection events.
(6) Monitoring Requirements
(a) General requirements.
1. Systems must take all samples during
normal operating conditions.
2.
Systems after obtaining Department approval may consider multiple wells drawing
water from a single aquifer as one treatment plant for determining the minimum
number of TTHM and HAA5 samples required.
3. Failure to monitor in accordance with the
monitoring plan required by this rule is a monitoring violation.
4. Failure to monitor will be treated as a
violation for the entire period covered by the annual average where compliance
is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or
averages and the system's failure to monitor makes it impossible to determine
compliance with MCLs or MRDLs.
5.
Systems may use only data collected under the provisions of this rule to
qualify for reduced monitoring.
(b) Monitoring requirements for disinfection
byproducts.
1. TTHMs and HAA5.
(i) Routine monitoring. Systems must monitor
at the frequency indicated in the following table:
Routine Monitoring
Frequency for TTHM and HAA5
|
Type of System
|
Minimum Monitoring
Frequency
|
Sample location in the distribution
system
|
|
Subpart H system serving at least
10,000 persons
|
Four water samples per quarter per
treatment plant
|
At least 25 percent of all samples
collected each quarter at locations representing maximum residence time.
Remaining samples taken at locations representative of at least average
residence time in the distribution system and representing the entire
distribution system, taking into account number of persons served, different
sources of water and different treatment
methods.1
|
|
Subpart
H systems serving 500 to 9,999 persons.
|
One water
sample per quarter per treatment plant
|
Locations
representing the maximum residence time.1
|
|
Subpart H systems serving fewer than 500
persons.
|
One sample per year per treatment plant during
month of warmest water temperature
|
Locations
representing maximum residence time.1 If the sample
(or average of annual samples, if more than one sample is taken) exceeds MCL,
the system must increase monitoring to one sample per quarter, taken at a point
reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until system
meets reduced monitoring criteria in subpart (iv) of this part for reduced
monitoring..
|
|
System using only ground water
not under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and
serving at least 10,000 persons
|
One water sample per
quarter per treatment plant. 2
|
Locations representing maximum residence
time.1
|
|
Systems
using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water using a
chemical disinfectant and serving fewer than 10,000 persons
|
One sample per year per treatment plant2
during month of the warmest water temperature.
|
Locations representing maximum residence
time.1 If the sample (or average of annual samples,
if more than one sample is taken) exceeds the MCL, the system must increase
monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per quarter, taken at a point
reflecting the maximum residence time in the distribution system, until system
meets criteria for reduced monitoring described in subpart (iv) of this part
for reduced monitoring.
|
1 If a system elects to sample more frequently
than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each
quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) must be
taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in
the distribution system. The remaining samples must be taken at locations
representative of at least average residence time in the distribution
system.
2 Multiple wells drawing water
from a single aquifer may be considered one treatment plant for determining the
minimum number of samples required, with Department approval in accordance with
criteria approved by the Department.
(ii) Systems may reduce monitoring, except as
otherwise provided, in accordance with the following table:
Reduced
Monitoring Frequency for TTHM and HAA5
|
If you are a ...
|
You may reduce monitoring
if you have monitored at least one year and your ...
|
To
this level
|
|
Subpart H systems serving at
least 10,000 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level before
any treatment, 4.0mg/L.
|
TTHM annual average 0.040 mg/L
and HAA5 annual average 0.030 mg/L.
|
One sample per
treatment plant per quarter at distribution system location reflecting maximum
residence time.
|
|
Subpart H system serving
from 500 to 9,999 persons which has a source water annual average TOC level
before any treatment. 4.0 mg/L.
|
TTHM annual average
0.040 mg/L and HAA5 annual average 0.030 mg/L.
|
One
sample per treatment plant per year at distribution system location reflecting
maximum residence time during month of warmest water temperature.
|
|
Subpart H system serving fewer than 500 persons
|
Subpart H systems serving fewer than 500 persons may not
reduce its monitoring to less than one sample per treatment plant per
year.
|
|
System using only ground water not
under direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving
at least 10,000 persons.
|
TTHM annual average 0.040 mg/L
and HAA5 annual average 0.030 mg/L
|
One sample per
treatment plant per year at distribution system location reflecting maximum
residence time during month of warmest water temperature.
|
|
System using only ground water not under direct influence of
surface water using chemical disinfectant and serving fewer than 10,000
persons
|
TTHM annual average 0.040 mg/L and HAA5 annual
average 0.030 mg/L for two consecutive years OR TTHM annual average of 0.020
mg/L and HAA5 annual average 0.015 mg/L for one year.
|
One sample per treatment plant per three year monitoring cycle at
distribution system location reflecting maximum residence time during month of
warmest water temperature, with the three-year cycle beginning on January 1
following quarter in which system qualifies for reduced monitoring.
|
(iii)
Monitoring requirements for source water TOC. In order to qualify for reduced
monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under subpart (ii) of this part, subpart H systems
not monitoring under the provisions of subparagraph (d) of this paragraph must
take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at a location prior to any treatment,
beginning April 1, 2008 or earlier, if specified by the Department. In addition
to meeting other criteria for reduced monitoring in subpart (ii) of this part,
the source water TOC running annual average must be less than or equal to 4.0
mg/L (based on the most recent four quarters of monitoring) on a continuing
basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain on reduced monitoring for
TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under
subpart (ii) of this part, a system may reduce source water TOC monitoring to
quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to any
treatment.
(iv) Systems on a
reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that reduced schedule as long as the
average of all samples taken in the year (for systems which must monitor
quarterly) or the result of the sample (for systems which must monitor no more
frequently than annually) is no more than 0.060 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L for TTHMs
and HAA5, respectively. Systems that do not meet these levels must resume
monitoring at the frequency identified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section
(minimum monitoring frequency column) in the quarter immediately following the
monitoring period in which the system exceeds 0.060 mg/L or 0.045 mg/L for
TTHMs and HAA5, respectively. For systems using only ground water not under the
direct influence of surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons, if
either the TTHM annual average is >0.080 mg/L or the HAA5 annual average is
>0.060 mg/L, the system must go to the increased monitoring identified in
subpart (i) of this part (sample location column) in the quarter immediately
following the monitoring period in which the system exceeds 0.080 mg/L or 0.060
mg/L for TTHMs or HAA5 respectively.
(v) Systems on increased monitoring may
return to routine monitoring if TTHM annual average is equal to or less than
0.040 mg/L and HAA5 is less than or equal to 0.030 mg/L.
(vi) The Department may return a system to
routine monitoring at the Department's discretion.
2. Chlorite. Community and nontransient
noncommunity water systems using chlorine dioxide, for disinfection or
oxidation, must conduct monitoring for chlorite.
(i) Routine Monitoring
(I) Daily monitoring. Systems must take daily
samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that
exceeds the chlorite MCL, the system must take additional samples in the
distribution system the following day at the locations required by subpart (ii)
of this part, in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the
distribution system.
(II) Monthly
monitoring. Systems must take a three-sample set each month in the distribution
system. The system must take one sample at each of the following locations:
near the first customer, at a location representative of average residence
time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution
system. Any additional routine sampling must be conducted in the same manner
(as three-sample sets, at the specified locations). The system may use the
results of additional monitoring conducted under subpart (ii) of this part to
meet the requirement for monitoring in this paragraph.
(ii) Additional monitoring. On each day
following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the chlorite MCL at
the entrance to the distribution system, the system is required to take three
chlorite distribution system samples at the following locations: as close to
the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average
residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible
(reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system).
(iii) Reduced monitoring.
(I) Chlorite monitoring at the entrance to
the distribution system required by item (i)(I) of this part may not be
reduced.
(II) Chlorite monitoring
in the distribution system required by item (i)(II) of this part may be reduced
to one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring where no
individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under item (i)(II)
of this part has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the system has not been required
to conduct monitoring under subpart (ii) of this part. The system may remain on
the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the three individual
chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system under item (i)(II)
of this part exceeds the chlorite MCL or the system is required to conduct
monitoring under subpart (ii) of this part, at which time the system must
revert to routine monitoring.
3. Bromate
(i) Routine monitoring. Community and
nontransient noncommunity systems using ozone, for disinfection or oxidation,
must take one sample per month for each treatment plant in the system using
ozone. Systems must take samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution
system while the ozonation system is operating under normal conditions.
(ii) Reduced monitoring.
(I) Until March 31, 2009, systems required to
analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from monthly to quarterly, if the
system's average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L
based on representative monthly bromide measurements for one year. The system
may remain on reduced bromate monitoring until the running annual average
source water bromide concentration, computed quarterly, is equal to or greater
than 0.05 mg/L based on representative monthly measurements. If the running
annual average source water bromide concentration is greater than or equal to
0.05 mg/L, the system must resume routine monitoring required by subpart (i) of
this part in the following month.
(II) Beginning April 1, 2009, systems may no
longer use the provisions of item (I) of this subpart to qualify for reduced
monitoring. A system required to analyze for bromate may reduce monitoring from
monthly to quarterly, if the system's running annual average bromate
concentration is less than or equal to 0.0025 mg/L based on monthly bromate
measurements under subpart (i) of this part for the most recent four quarters,
with samples analyzed using Method 317.0 Revision 2.0, 326.0 or 321.8. If a
system has qualified for reduced bromate monitoring under item (I) of this
subpart, that system may remain on reduced monitoring as long as the running
annual average of quarterly bromate samples is less than or equal to 0.0025
mg/L based on samples analyzed using Method 317.0 Revision 2.0, 326.0, or
321.8. If the running annual average bromate concentration is >0.0025 mg/L,
the system must resume routine monitoring required by subpart (i) of this
part.
(c) Monitoring requirements for disinfectant
residuals.
1. Chlorine and chloramines.
(i) Routine monitoring. Until March 31, 2016,
community and non-transient non-community water systems that use chlorine or
chloramines must measure the residual disinfectant level in the distribution
system at the same points in the distribution system and at the same time as
total coliforms are sampled, as specified in Rule 0400-45-01-.07. Beginning
April 1, 2016, community and non-transient non-community water systems that use
chlorine or chloramines must measure the residual disinfectant level in the
distribution system at the same point in the distribution system and at the
same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified paragraphs (4) through
(8) of Rule 0400-45-01-.41. Subpart H systems may use the results of residual
disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under part 6 of subparagraph (b)
of paragraph (5) of Rule 0400-45-01-.31 for unfiltered systems or part 3 of
subparagraph (c) of paragraph (5) of Rule 0400-45-01-.31 for systems which
filter, in lieu of taking separate samples.
(ii) Reduced monitoring. Monitoring may not
be reduced.
2. Chlorine
dioxide.
(i) Routine monitoring. Community,
nontransient noncommunity, and transient noncommunity water systems that use
chlorine dioxide for disinfection or oxidation must take daily samples at the
entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the
MRDL, the system must take samples in the distribution system the following day
at the locations required by subpart (ii) of this part, in addition to the
sample required at the entrance to the distribution system.
(ii) Additional monitoring. On each day
following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the MRDL, the system
is required to take three chlorine dioxide distribution system samples. If
chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in
the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant
residual in the distribution system and there are no disinfection addition
points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., no booster
chlorination), the system must take three samples as close to the first
customer as possible, at intervals of at least six hours. If chlorine is used
to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are
one or more disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution
system, (i.e., booster chlorination), the system must take one sample at each
of the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a
location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of
the distribution system as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the
distribution system).
(iii) Reduced
monitoring. Chlorine dioxide monitoring may not be reduced.
(d) Monitoring
requirements for disinfection byproduct precursors DBPP).
1. Routine monitoring. Subpart H systems
which use conventional filtration treatment (as defined in Rule 0400-45-01-.04)
must monitor each treatment plant for TOC no later than the point of combined
filter effluent turbidity monitoring and representative of the treated water.
All systems required to monitor under this part must also monitor for TOC in
the source water prior to any treatment at the same time as monitoring for TOC
in the treated water. These samples (source water and treated water) are
referred to as paired samples. At the same time as the source water sample is
taken, all systems must monitor for alkalinity in the source water prior to any
treatment. Systems must take one paired sample and one source water alkalinity
sample per month per plant at a time representative of normal operating
conditions and influent water quality.
2. Reduced monitoring. Subpart H systems with
an average treated water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/L for two consecutive years,
or less than 1.0 mg/L for one year, may reduce monitoring for both TOC and
alkalinity to one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per
plant per quarter. The system must revert to routine monitoring in the month
following the quarter when the annual average treated water TOC is greater than
or equal to 2.0 mg/L.
(e) Bromide. Systems required to analyze for
bromate may reduce bromate monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the
system demonstrates that the average source water bromide concentration is less
than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly measurements for one year. The
system must continue bromide monitoring to remain on reduced bromate
monitoring.
(f) Monitoring plans.
Each system required to monitor under this paragraph must develop and implement
a monitoring plan. The system must maintain the plan and make it available for
inspection by the Department and the general public no later than 30 days
following the applicable compliance dates in paragraph (2) of this rule. All
Subpart H systems serving more than 3300 people must submit a copy of the
monitoring plan to the Department no later than the date of the first report
required under paragraph (8) of this rule. The Department may also require the
plan to be submitted by any other system. After review, the Department may
require changes in any plan elements. The plan must include at least the
following elements.
1. Specific locations and
schedules for collecting samples for any parameters included in this
rule.
2. How the system will
calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques.
3. If approved for monitoring as a
consecutive system, or if providing water to a consecutive system, the sampling
plan must reflect the entire distribution system.
(7) Compliance
requirements.
(a) General requirements.
1. Where compliance is based on a running
annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the system fails
to monitor for TTHM, HAA5, or bromate, this failure to monitor will be treated
as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered by the annual average.
Where compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly
samples or averages and the system's failure to monitor makes it impossible to
determine compliance with MRDLs for chlorine and chloramines, this failure to
monitor will be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered
by the annual average.
2. All
samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this paragraph must be
included in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than the
minimum required.
3. If, during the
first year of monitoring under paragraph (6) of this rule, any individual
quarter's average will cause the running annual average of that system to
exceed the MCL for total trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids (five) or bromate;
or the MRDL for chlorine or chloramines, the system is out of compliance at the
end of that quarter.
(b) Disinfection byproducts.
1. TTHMs and HAA5.
(i) For systems monitoring quarterly,
compliance with MCLs in Rule 0400-45-01-.06 must be based on a running annual
arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all
samples collected by the system as prescribed by part (6)(b)1 of this rule.
(ii) For systems monitoring less
frequently than quarterly, systems demonstrate MCL compliance if the average of
samples taken that year under the provisions of part (6)(b)1 of this rule does
not exceed the MCLs in Rule 0400-45-01-.06. If the average of these samples
exceeds the MCL, the system must increase monitoring to once per quarter per
treatment plant and is not in violation of the MCL until it has completed one
year of quarterly monitoring, unless the result of fewer than four quarters of
monitoring will cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which
case the system is in violation at the end of that quarter. Systems required to
increase to quarterly monitoring must calculate compliance by including the
sample which triggered the increased monitoring plus the following three
quarters of monitoring results.
(iii) If the running annual arithmetic
average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period
exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and must notify the
public pursuant to Rule 0400-45-01-.19 and report to the Department pursuant to
paragraph (8) of this rule.
(iv) If
a public water system fails to complete four consecutive quarters of
monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period
must be based on an average of the available data.
2. Bromate. Compliance must be based on a
running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples (or,
for months in which the system takes more than one sample, the average of all
samples taken during the month) collected by the system as prescribed by part
(6)(b)3 of this rule. If the average of samples covering any consecutive
four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and
must notify the public pursuant to Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition to
reporting to the Department pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule. If a PWS
fails to complete 12 consecutive months of monitoring, compliance with the MCL
for the last four-quarter compliance period must be based on an average of the
available data.
3. Chlorite.
Compliance must be based on an arithmetic average of each three sample set
taken in the distribution system as prescribed by item (6)(b)2(i)(II) and
subpart (6)(b)2(ii) of this rule. If the arithmetic average of any three sample
set exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and must notify the
public pursuant to Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition to reporting to the
Department pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule.
(c) Disinfectant residuals.
1. Chlorine and chloramines.
(i) Compliance must be based on a running
annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all
samples collected by the system under part (6)(c)1 of this rule. If the average
of quarterly averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the
MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and must notify the public
pursuant to Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition to reporting to the Department
pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule.
(ii) In cases where systems switch between
the use of chlorine and chloramines for residual disinfection during the year,
compliance must be determined by including together all monitoring results of
both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Reports submitted
pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule must clearly indicate which residual
disinfectant was analyzed for each sample.
2. Chlorine dioxide.
(i) Acute violations. Compliance must be
based on consecutive daily samples collected by the system under this rule. If
any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the
MRDL, and on the following day one (or more) of the three samples taken in the
distribution system exceed the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and
must take immediate corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide
below the MRDL and must notify the public pursuant to the procedures for acute
health risks in Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition to reporting to the Department
pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule. Failure to take samples in the
distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide
MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system will also be considered an MRDL
violation and the system must notify the public of the violation in accordance
with the provisions for acute violations under Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition
to reporting to the Department pursuant to paragraph (8) of this
rule.
(ii) Nonacute violations.
Compliance must be based on consecutive daily samples collected by the system
under part (6)(c)2 of this rule. If any two consecutive daily samples taken at
the entrance to the distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution
system samples taken are below the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL
and must take corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below
the MRDL at the point of sampling and will notify the public pursuant to the
procedures for nonacute health risks in Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in addition to
reporting to the Department pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule. Failure to
monitor at the entrance to the distribution system the day following an
exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution
system is also an MRDL violation and the system must notify the public of the
violation in accordance with the provisions for nonacute violations under
Rule0400-45-01-.19, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to
paragraph (8) of this rule.
(d) Disinfection byproduct precursors (DBPP).
Compliance must be determined as specified by subparagraph (9)(b) of this rule.
Systems may begin monitoring to determine whether Step 1 TOC removals can be
met 12 months prior to the compliance date for the system. This monitoring is
not required and failure to monitor during this period is not a violation.
However, any system that does not monitor during this period, and then
determines in the first 12 months after the compliance date that it is not able
to meet the Step 1 requirements in subparagraph (9)(b) of this rule and must
therefore apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements, is not
eligible for retroactive approval of alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements as allowed pursuant to subparagraph (9)(c) of this rule and is in
violation. Systems may apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements any time after the compliance date. For systems required to meet
Step 1 TOC removals, if the value calculated under paragraph (9) of this rule
is less than 1.00, the system is in violation of the treatment technique
requirements and must notify the public pursuant to Rule 0400-45-01-.19, in
addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to paragraph (8) of this rule.
(8) Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Systems
required to sample quarterly or more frequently must report to the Department
within 10 days after the end of each quarter in which samples were collected,
notwithstanding the provisions of Rule 0400-45-01-.18. Systems required to
sample less frequently than quarterly must report to the Department within 10
days after the end of each monitoring period in which samples were
collected.
(b) Disinfection
byproducts. Systems must report the information specified in the following
table:
|
If you are
a
|
You must report
1
|
|
System
monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(b) of
this rule on a quarterly or more frequent basis.
|
(1)
The number of samples taken during the last quarter.
(2) The
location, date, result of each sample taken during the last quarter.
(3) The arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last
quarter.
(4) The annual arithmetic average of the quarterly
arithmetic averages for the last four quarters.
(5) Whether the
MCL was exceeded.
|
|
System monitoring for
TTHMs and HAA5 under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(b) of this rule less
frequently than quarterly (but at least annually).
|
(1)
The number of samples taken during the last year.
(2) The
location, date and result of each sample taken during the last monitoring
period.
(3) The arithmetic average of all samples taken during the
last year.
(4) Whether the MCL was exceeded..
|
|
System monitoring for TTHMs and HAA5 under the requirements of
subparagraph (6)(b) of this rule less frequently than annually.
|
(1) The location, date, and result of the last sample taken.
(2) Whether the MCL was exceeded.
|
|
Systems monitoring for Chlorite under subparagraph (6)(b) of this
rule.
|
(1) The number of samples taken the last
quarter.
(2) The location, date and result of each sample taken
during the last quarter.
(3) For each month in the reporting
period, the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the month.
(4) Whether the MCL was exceeded and in which month it was
exceeded.
|
|
Systems monitoring for Bromate
under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(b) of this rule.
|
(1) The number of samples taken during the last quarter.
(2)
The location, date and result of each sample taken during the last
quarter.
(3) The arithmetic average of the monthly arithmetic
averages of all samples taken in the last year.
(4) Whether the
MCL was exceeded.
|
(c) Disinfectants. Systems must report the
following information specified in the following table:
|
If you are a
|
You
must report
|
|
System monitoring for chlorine
or chloramines under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(c) of this
rule.
|
(1) The number of samples taken during each month
of the last quarter.
(2) The monthly arithmetic average of all
samples taken in each month for the last twelve months.
(3) The
arithmetic average of all monthly averages for the last twelve months.
(4) Whether the MRDL was exceeded.
|
|
System monitoring for chlorine dioxide under the requirements of
subparagraph (6)(c) of this rule.
|
(1) The dates,
results, and locations of samples taken during the last quarter.
(2) Whether the MRDL was exceeded.
(3) Whether the MRDL was
exceeded in any two consecutive daily samples and whether the resulting
violation was acute or nonacute.
|
(d) Disinfection byproduct precursors and
enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening. System must report the information
specified in the following table:
|
If you are a
|
You must
report
|
|
System monitoring monthly or
quarterly for TOC under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(d) of this rule
and required to meet the enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening
requirements in part (9)(b)2 or 3 of this rule.
|
(1) The
number of paired (source and treated water, prior to continuous disinfection)
samples taken during the last quarter.
(2) The location, date and
results of each paired sample and associated alkalinity taken during the last
quarter.
(3) For each month in the reporting period that paired
samples were taken, the arithmetic average of the percent reduction of TOC for
each paired sample and the required TOC percent removal.
(4)
Calculations for determining compliance with the TOC percent removal
requirements as provided in part (9)(c)1 of this rule.
(5) Whether
the system is in compliance with the enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening
percent removal requirements in subparagraph (9)(b) of this rule for the last
four quarters.
|
|
System monitoring monthly or
quarterly for TOC under the requirements of subparagraph (6)(d) of this rule
and meeting one or more of the alternative compliance criteria in part (9)(a)2
or 3 of this rule.
|
(1) The alternate compliance
criteria the system is using.
(2) The number of paired samples
taken during the last quarter.
(3) The location, date, and results
of each paired sample and association alkalinity taken during the last
quarter.
(4) The running annual arithmetic average based on
monthly averages (or quarterly samples) of source water TOC for systems meeting
a criterion in subpart (9)(a)2(i) or (iii) of this rule or of treated water TOC
for system meeting the criterion in subpart (9)(a)2(ii) of this rule.
(5) The running annual arithmetic average based on monthly averages (or
quarterly samples) of source water SUVA for systems meeting the criterion in
subpart (9)(a)2(v) of this rule or of treated water SUVA for system meeting the
criterion in subpart (9)(a)2(vi) of this rule.
(6) The running
annual average of source water alkalinity for systems meeting the criterion in
subpart (9)(a)2(iii) of this rule and of treated water alkalinity for systems
meeting the criterion in subpart (9)(a)3(i) of this rule.
(7) The
running annual average for both TTHM and HAA5 for systems meeting the criterion
in subpart (9)(a)2(iii) or (iv) of this rule.
(8) The running
annual average of the amount of magnesium hardness removal (as
CaCO3, in mg/L) for systems meeting the criterion in
subpart (9)(a)3(ii) of this rule.
(9) Whether the system is in
compliance with the particular alternative compliance criterion in part (9)(a)2
or 3 of this rule.
|
(9) Treatment technique for control of
disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors.
(a)
Applicability.
1. Subpart H systems using
conventional filtration treatment (as defined in Rule 0400-45-01-.04) must
operate with enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening to achieve the TOC
percent removal levels specified in subparagraph (b) of this paragraph unless
the system meets at least one of the alternative compliance criteria listed in
part 2 or 3 of this subparagraph.
2. Alternative compliance criteria for
enhanced coagulation and enhanced softening systems. Subpart H systems using
conventional filtration treatment may use the alternative compliance criteria
in subparts (i) through (vi) of this part to comply with this subparagraph in
lieu of complying with subparagraph (b) of this paragraph. Systems must still
comply with monitoring requirements in subparagraph (6)(d) of this rule.
(i) The system's source water TOC level,
measured according to part (5)(d)3 of this rule, is less than 2.0 mg/L,
calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(ii) The system's treated water TOC level,
measured according to part (5)(d)3 of this rule, is less than 2.0 mg/L,
calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(iii) The system's source water TOC level,
measured according to part (5)(d)3 of this rule, is less than 4.0 mg/L,
calculated quarterly as a running annual average; the source water alkalinity,
measured according to part (5)(d)1 of this rule, is greater than 60 mg/L (as
CaCO3), calculated quarterly as a running annual
average; and either the TTHM and HAA5 running annual averages are no greater
than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L, respectively; or prior to the effective date
for compliance in paragraph (2) of this rule, the system has made a clear and
irrevocable financial commitment not later than the effective date for
compliance in paragraph (2) of this rule to use of technologies that will limit
the levels of TTHMs and HAA5 to no more than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L,
respectively. Systems must submit evidence of a clear and irrevocable financial
commitment, in addition to a schedule containing milestones and periodic
progress reports for installation and operation of appropriate technologies, to
the Department for approval not later than the effective date for compliance in
paragraph (2) of this rule. These technologies must be installed and operating
not later than June 16, 2005. Failure to install and operate these technologies
by the date in the approved schedule will constitute a violation of National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
(iv) The TTHM and HAA5 running annual
averages are no greater than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L, respectively, and the
system uses only chlorine for primary disinfection and maintenance of a
residual in the distribution system.
(v) The system's source water SUVA, prior to
any treatment and measured monthly according to part (5)(d)4 of this rule, is
less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, calculated quarterly as a running annual
average.
(vi) The system's finished
water SUVA, measured monthly according to part (5)(d)4 of this rule, is less
than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, calculated quarterly as a running annual
average.
3. Additional
alternative compliance criteria for softening systems. Systems practicing
enhanced softening that cannot achieve the TOC removals required by part
(9)(b)2 of this rule may use the alternative compliance criteria in subparts
(9)(a)3(i) and (ii) of this rule in lieu of complying with subparagraph (9)(b)
of this rule. Systems must still comply with monitoring requirements in
subparagraph (6)(d) of this rule.
(i)
Softening that results in lowering the treated water alkalinity to less than 60
mg/L (as CaCO3), measured monthly according to part
(5)(d)1 of this rule, and calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
Softening that results in removing at least 10 mg/L of magnesium hardness
(as CaCO3), measured monthly according to part (5)(d)6 of this rule and
calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(b) Enhanced coagulation and
enhanced softening performance requirements.
1. Systems must achieve the percent reduction
of TOC specified in part (9)(b)2 of this rule between the source water and the
combined filter effluent, unless the Department approves a system's request for
alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements under part (9)(b)3 of this
rule.
2. Required Step 1 TOC
reductions, indicated in the following table, are based upon specified source
water parameters measured in accordance with subparagraph (5)(d) of this rule.
Systems practicing softening are required to meet the Step 1 TOC reductions in
the far-right column (Source water alkalinity >120 mg/L) for the specified
source water TOC:
Step 1 Required Removal of TOC in Percent Removal by
Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Softening for Subpart H Systems Using
Conventional Treatment 1, 2
|
Source Water TOC, mg/L
|
Source Water Alkalinity,mg/L as
CaCO3
|
|
0-60
|
>60-120
|
1203
|
|
2.0-4.0
|
35.0%
|
25.0%
|
15.0%
|
|
4.0-8.0
|
45.0%
|
35.0%
|
25.0%
|
|
8.0
|
50.0%
|
40.0%
|
30.0%
|
1 Systems meeting at least one of the
conditions in subparts (9)(a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this rule are not required
to operate with enhanced coagulation.
2
Softening systems meeting one of the alternative compliance criteria in part
(9)(a)3 of this rule are not required to operate with enhanced
softening.
3 Systems practicing
softening must meet the TOC removal requirements in this column.
3. Subpart H conventional
treatment systems that cannot achieve the Step 1 TOC removals required by part
(9)(b)2 of this rule due to water quality parameters or operational constraints
must apply to the Department, within three months of failure to achieve the TOC
removals required by part 2 of this subparagraph, for approval of alternative
minimum TOC (Step 2) removal requirements submitted by the system. If the
Department approves the alternative minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements,
the Department may make those requirements retroactive for the purposes of
determining compliance. Until the Department approves the alternate minimum TOC
removal (Step 2) requirements, the system must meet the Step 1 TOC removals
contained in part 2 of this subparagraph.
4. Alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2)
requirements. Applications made to the Department by enhanced coagulation
systems for approval of alternative minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements
under part (9)(b)3 of this rule must include, as a minimum, results of bench-
or pilot-scale testing conducted under subpart (9)(b)4(i) of this rule and used
to determine the alternate enhanced coagulation level. The submitted bench or
pilot scale testing must be used to determine the alternate enhanced
coagulation level.
(i) Alternate enhanced
coagulation level is defined as coagulation at a coagulant dose and pH as
determined by the method described in subpart (9)(b)4(i) through (v) of this
rule such that an incremental addition of 10 mg/L of alum (as aluminum) (or
equivalent amount of ferric salt) results in a TOC removal of 0.3 mg/L. The
percent removal of TOC at this point on the TOC removal versus coagulant dose
curve is then defined as the minimum TOC removal required for the system. Once
approved by the Department, this minimum requirement supersedes the minimum TOC
removal required by the table in part 2 of this subparagraph. This requirement
will be effective until such time as the Department approves a new value based
on the results of a new bench- and pilot-scale test. Failure to achieve
Department-set alternative minimum TOC removal levels is a violation of
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
(ii) Bench- or pilot-scale testing of
enhanced coagulation must be conducted by using representative water samples
and adding 10 mg/L increments of alum (as aluminum) (or equivalent amounts of
ferric salt) until the pH is reduced to a level less than or equal to the
enhanced coagulation Step 2 target pH shown in the following table:
Enhanced Coagulation Step 2 Target pH
|
Alkalinity (mg/L as
CaCO3)
|
Target pH
|
|
0-60
|
5.5
|
|
>60-120
|
6.3
|
|
>120-240
|
7.0
|
|
>240
|
7.5
|
(iii) For waters with alkalinities of less
than 60 mg/L for which addition of small amounts of alum or equivalent addition
of iron coagulant drives the pH below 5.5 before significant TOC removal
occurs, the system must add necessary chemicals to maintain the pH between 5.3
and 5.7 in samples until the TOC removal of 0.3 mg/L per 10 mg/L alum added (as
aluminum) (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant) is reached.
(iv) The system may operate at any coagulant
dose or pH necessary (consistent with other NPDWRs) to achieve the minimum TOC
percent removal approved under part (9)(b)3 of this rule.
(v) If the TOC removal is consistently less
than 0.3 mg/L of TOC per 10 mg/L of incremental alum dose (as aluminum) at all
dosages of alum (or equivalant addition of iron coagulant), the water is deemed
to contain TOC not amenable to enhanced coagulation. The system may then apply
to the Department for a waiver of enhanced coagulation requirements.
(c) Compliance
calculations.
1. Subpart H systems other than
those identified in part (9)(a)2 or 3 of this rule must comply with
requirements contained in part (9)(b)2 or 3 of this rule. Systems must
calculate compliance quarterly, beginning after the system has collected 12
months of data, by determining an annual average using the following method:
(i) Determine actual monthly TOC percent
removal, equal to:
(1- (treated water TOC/source water TOC)) x 100
(ii) Determine the required
monthly TOC percent removal (from either the table in (b)2 of this paragraph or
from part (9)(b)3 of this rule).
(iii) Divide the value in subpart (9)(c)1(i)
of this rule by the value in subpart (9)(c)1(ii) of this rule.
(iv) Add together the results of subpart
(9)(c)1(iii) of this rule for the last 12 months and divide by 12.
(v) If the value calculated in subpart
(9)(c)1(iv) of this rule is less than 1.00, the system is not in compliance
with the TOC percent removal requirements.
2. Systems may use the provisions in subparts
(9)(c)2(i) through (v) of this rule in lieu of the calculations in subparts
(9)(c)1(i) through (v) of this rule to determine compliance with TOC percent
removal requirements.
(i) In any month that
the system's treated or source water TOC level, measured according to part
(5)(d)3 of this rule, is less than 2.0 mg/L, the system may assign a monthly
value of 1.0 (in lieu of the value calculated in subpart (9)(c)1(iii) of this
rule) when calculating compliance under the provisions of part (9)(c)1 of this
rule.
(ii) In any month that a
system practicing softening removes at least 10 mg/L of magnesium hardness (as
CaCO3), the system may assign a monthly value of 1.0 (in
lieu of the value calculated in subpart (9)(c)1(iii) of this rule) when
calculating compliance under the provisions of part (9)(c)1 of this
rule.
(iii) In any month that the
system's source water SUVA, prior to any treatment and measured according to
part (5)(d)4 of this rule, is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, the system may
assign a monthly value of 1.0 (in lieu of the value calculated in subpart
(9)(c)1(iii) of this rule) when calculating compliance under the provisions of
part (9)(c)1 of this rule.
(iv) In
any month that the system's finished water SUVA, measured according to part
(5)(d)4 of this rule, is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, the system may
assign a monthly value of 1.0 (in lieu of the value calculated in subpart
(9)(c)1(iii) of this rule) when calculating compliance under the provisions of
part (9)(c)1 of this rule.
(v) In
any month that a system practicing enhanced softening lowers alkalinity below
60 mg/L (as CaCO3), the system may assign a monthly
value of 1.0 (in lieu of the value calculated in subpart (9)(c)1(iii) of this
rule) when calculating compliance under the provisions of part (9)(c)1 of this
rule.
3. Subpart H
systems using conventional treatment may also comply with the requirements of
this paragraph by meeting the criteria in part (9)(a)2 or 3 of this
rule.
(d) Treatment
technique requirements for DBP precursors. The Administrator identifies the
following as treatment techniques to control the level of disinfection
byproduct precursors in drinking water treatment and distribution systems: For
Subpart H systems using conventional treatment, enhanced coagulation or
enhanced softening.
(10)
For purposes of determining enhanced coagulation notwithstanding the provisions
of paragraph (9) of this rule the following procedure shall be in force for
parent and consecutive systems:
(a) In
addition to other prescribed monitoring, all parent (water wholesalers) and
consecutive systems using surface water or ground water that has experienced
noncompliance with the maximum contaminant levels or exceedances of operational
evaluation levels for disinfection byproducts or other systems designated by
the Department shall conduct quarterly monitoring for chlorine, pH,
disinfection byproducts and other water quality indicators as necessary at or
near the master meter having the highest annual arithmetic mean concentration
for THMs or HAA5s with all systems reporting their test results to each other.
Parent and consecutive systems shall coordinate sampling activities so that
samples are collected on the same date or a date prescribed by the department.
This paragraph does not apply to emergency or temporary connections.
(b) Based on paragraph (7) of
Rule0400-45-01-.38; upon determination of an exceedance of the maximum,
contaminant level or operational evaluation level trend calculated by the
method described in paragraph (7) of Rule 0400-45-01-.38 in the consecutive
system the following measures shall be required:
1. If the parent system TTHM or HAA5
analytical results at or near the master meter are 60% or less of the maximum
contaminant limit for THMs and HAA5, no action is required by the parent
system. The consecutive system(s) must submit an operational evaluation report
to the Department within 90 days of the end of the quarter the operational
evaluation calculation is made.
2.
If the parent system and/or consecutive system TTHM or HAA5 test results are
greater than 60% of the maximum contaminant limit for THMs or HAA5s at the
master meter, both the parent system and consecutive system(s) are required to
jointly submit the required operational evaluation report including the steps
to be implemented to eliminate future exceedances and a schedule for
implementation for Department approval.
Authority:
T.C.A. §§
68-221-701 et seq. and
4-5-201 et seq.
