South Carolina Code of Regulations
Chapter 71 - DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, LICENSING AND REGULATION-DIVISION OF LABOR
Article 3 - CHILD LABOR
Section 71-3107 - List of Hazardous Occupations or Occupations Detrimental to Health of Minor; Exemptions

Universal Citation: SC Code Regs 71-3107

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 9, September 27, 2024

(A) The following occupations are found to be particularly hazardous for minors sixteen and seventeen years of age or detrimental to their health or well-being. Employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age in these occupations is not permitted.

(B) Occupations in or about establishments manufacturing or storing explosives or articles containing explosive components are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age.

1. All occupations in or about any plant or establishment (other than retail establishments or plants or establishments of the type described in subparagraph (B)(2) of this section) manufacturing or storing explosives or articles containing explosive components except where the occupation is performed in a "nonexplosives area" as defined in paragraph (B)(3) of this section.

2. The following occupations in or about any plant or establishment manufacturing or storing small-arms ammunition not exceeding .60 caliber in size, shotgun shells, or blasting caps when manufactured or stored in conjunction with the manufacture of small-arms ammunition:
(i) All occupations involved in the manufacturing, mixing, transporting, or handling of explosive compounds in the manufacture of small-arms ammunition and all other occupations requiring the performance of any duties in the explosives area in which explosive compounds are manufactured or mixed.

(ii) All occupations involved in the manufacturing, transporting, or handling of primers and all other occupations requiring the performance of any duties in the same building in which primers are manufactured.

(iii) All occupations involved in the priming of cartridges and all other occupations requiring the performance of any duties in the same workroom in which rim-fire cartridges are primed.

(iv) All occupations involved in the plate loading of cartridges and in the operation of automatic loading machines.

(v) All occupations involved in the loading, inspecting, packing, shipping and storage of blasting caps.

3. Definitions. For the purpose of this section:
(a) The term "plant or establishment manufacturing or storing explosives or articles containing explosive component" means the land with all the buildings and other structures thereon used in connection with the manufacturing or processing or storing of explosives or articles containing explosive components.

(b) The terms "explosives" and "articles containing explosive components" mean and include ammunition, black powder, blasting caps, fireworks, high explosives, primers, smokeless powder, and all goods classified and defined as explosives and explosive materials in 18 U.S.C. 841(c)-(f) and the implementing regulations at 27 CFR Part 555. The terms include any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion, as well as all goods identified in the most recent list of explosive materials published by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice. This list is not intended to be all-inclusive and is updated and published annually in the Federal Register pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 841(d). A copy of the most recent version of the list may be found through the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives' website at http://www.atf.gov.

(c) An area meeting all of the criteria in paragraphs (B)(3)(c)(i) through (iv) of this section shall be deemed a "nonexplosives area":
(i) None of the work performed in the area involves the handling or use of explosives;

(ii) The area is separated from the explosives area by a distance not less than that prescribed in the American Table of Distances for the protection of inhabited buildings;

(iii) The area is separated from the explosives area by a fence or is otherwise located so that it constitutes a definite designated area; and

(iv) Satisfactory controls have been established to prevent employees under eighteen years of age within the area from entering any area in or about the plant which does not meet criteria of paragraphs (B)(3)(c)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(C)

(1) Finding and declaration of fact. Except as provided in subparagraph (2) of this paragraph the occupations of motor vehicle driver and outside helper on any public road, highway, in or about any mine (including open pit mine or quarry), place where logging or sawmill operations are in progress, or in any excavation of the type identified in 71-3107(O)are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age.

(2) Exemptions-
(i) Incidental and occasional driving. The finding and declaration in paragraph (1) of this section shall not apply to the operation of automobiles or trucks not exceeding 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight if such driving is restricted to daylight hours: Provided, such operation is only occasional and incidental to the child's employment; that the child holds a State license valid for the type of driving involved in the job which he performs, has no records of any moving violations at the time of hire, and has completed a State approved driver education course: And provided further, that the vehicle is equipped with a seat belt or similar device for the driver and for each helper, and the employer has instructed each child that such belts or other devices must be used: And provided further, that the driving performed by the child does not involve more than two trips away from the primary place of employment in any single day for the purpose of delivering goods of the child's employer to a customer or of transporting passengers (other than the employees of the employer); and that the driving takes place within a thirty (30) mile radius of the minor's place of employment. This paragraph shall not be applicable to any occupation of motor vehicle driver which involves the towing of vehicles; route deliveries or route sales; the transportation for hire of property, goods, or passengers; urgent, time-sensitive deliveries; or the transporting at any one time of more than three passengers, including the employees of the employer.

(ii) School bus driving. The finding and declaration in paragraph (a) of this section shall not apply to driving a school bus.

(3) Definitions. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) The term "motor vehicle" shall mean any automobile, truck, truck-tractor, trailer, semitrailer, motorcycle, or similar vehicle propelled or drawn by mechanical power and designed for use as a means of transportation but shall not include any vehicle operated exclusively on rails.

(ii) The term "driver" shall mean any individual who, in the course of his employment, drives a motor vehicle at any time.

(iii) The term "outside helper" shall mean any individual, other than a driver, whose work includes riding on a motor vehicle outside the cab for the purpose of assisting in transporting or delivering goods.

(iv) The term "gross vehicle weight" includes the truck chassis with lubricants, water and full tank or tanks of fuel, plus the weight of the cab or driver's compartment, body, and special chassis and body equipment, and payload.

(v) The term "occasional and incidental" shall mean no more than one-third of an employee's worktime in any workday and no more than 20 percent of an employee's worktime in any workweek.

(vi) The term "urgent, time-sensitive deliveries" shall mean trips which, because of such factors as customer satisfaction, the rapid deterioration of quality or change in temperature of the product, and/or economic incentives, are subject to time-lines, schedules, and/or turnaround times which might impel the driver to hurry in the completion of the delivery. Prohibited trips would include, but are not limited to, the delivery of pizzas and prepared foods to the customer; the delivery of materials under a deadline (such as deposits to a bank at closing); and the shuttling of passengers to and from transportation depots to meet transport schedules. "Urgent, time-sensitive deliveries" would not depend on the delivery's points of origin and termination, and would include the delivery of people and things to the employer's place of business as well as from that business to some other location.

(D) Finding and declaration of fact. All occupations in logging and all occupations in the operation of any sawmill, lath mill, shingle mill, or cooperage-stock mill are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors between sixteen and eighteen years of age, except the following:

(1) Exceptions applying to logging:
(i) Work in offices or in repair or maintenance shops.

(ii) Work in the construction, operation, repair, or maintenance of living and administrative quarters of logging camps.

(iii) Work in timber cruising, surveying, or logging-engineering parties; work in the repair or maintenance of roads, railroads, or flumes; work in forest protection, such as clearing fire trails or roads, piling and burning slash, maintaining fire-fighting equipment, constructing and maintaining telephone lines, or acting as fire lookout or fire patrolman away from the actual logging operations: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the felling or bucking of timber, the collecting or transporting of logs, the operation of power-driven machinery, the handling or use of explosives, and work on trestles.

(iv) Peeling of fence posts, pulpwood, chemicalwood, excelsior wood, cordwood, or similar products, when not done in conjunction with and at the same time and place as other logging occupations declared hazardous by this section.

(v) Work in the feeding or care of animals.

(2) Exceptions applying to the operation of any permanent sawmill or the operation of any lath mill, shingle mill, or cooperage-stock mill: Provided, That these exceptions do not apply to a portable sawmill the lumberyard of which is used only for the temporary storage of green lumber and in connection with which no office or repair or maintenance shop is ordinarily maintained: And further provided, That these exceptions do not apply to work which entails entering the sawmill building:
(i) Work in offices or in repair or maintenance shops.

(ii) Straightening, marking, or tallying lumber on the dry chain or the dry drop sorter.

(iii) Pulling lumber from the dry chain.

(iv) Clean-up in the lumberyard.

(v) Piling, handling, or shipping of cooperage stock in yards or storage sheds other than operating or assisting in the operation of power driven equipment.

(vi) Clerical work in yards or shipping sheds, such as done by ordermen, tally-men, and shipping clerks.

(vii) Clean-up work outside shake and shingle mills, except when the mill is in operation.

(viii) Splitting shakes manually from precut and split blocks with a froe and mallet, except inside the mill building or cover.

(ix) Packing shakes into bundles when done in conjunction with splitting shakes manually with a froe and mallet, except inside the mill building or cover.

(x) Manual loading of bundles of shingles or shakes into trucks or railroad cars, provided that the employer has on file a statement from a licensed doctor of medicine or osteopathy certifying the minor capable of performing this work without injury to himself.

(3) Definitions. As used in this paragraph:
(1) The term "all occupations in logging" shall mean all work performed in connection with the felling of timber; the bucking or converting of timber into logs, poles, piles, ties, bolts, pulpwood, chemical wood, excelsior wood, cordwood, fence posts, or similar products; the collecting, skidding, yarding, loading, transporting and unloading of such products in connection with logging; the constructing, repairing and maintaining of roads, railroads, flumes, or camps used in connection with logging; the moving, installing, rigging, and maintenance of machinery or equipment used in logging; and other work performed in connection with logging. The term shall not apply to work performed in timber culture, timber-stand improvement, or in emergency fire-fighting.

(2) The term "all occupations in the operation of any sawmill, lath mill, shingle mill, or cooperage-stock mill" shall mean all work performed in or about any such mill in connection with storing of logs and bolts; converting logs or bolts into sawn lumber, laths, shingles, or cooperage-stock; storing, drying, and shipping lumber, laths, shingles, cooperage-stock, or other products of such mills; and other work performed in connection with the operation of any sawmill, lath mill, shingle mill, or cooperage-stock mill. The term shall not include work performed in the planing mill department or other remanufacturing departments of any sawmill, or in any planing mill or remanufacturing plant not a part of a sawmill.

(E) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations involved in the operation of power-driven woodworking machines are particularly hazardous for minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) The occupation of operating power-driven woodworking machines, including supervising or controlling the operation of such machines, feeding material into such machines, and helping the operator to feed material into such machines but not including the placing of material on a moving chain or in a hopper or slide for automatic feeding.

(2) The occupations of setting up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning power-driven woodworking machines.

(3) The occupations of off-bearing from circular saws and from guillotine-action veneer clippers.

(4) Definitions. As used in this section:
(i) The term "power-driven woodworking machines" shall mean all fixed or portable machines or tools driven by power and used or designed for cutting, shaping, forming, surfacing, nailing, stapling, wire stitching, fastening, or otherwise assembling, pressing, or printing wood or veneer.

(ii) The term "off-bearing" shall mean the removal of material or refuse directly from a saw table or from the point of operation. Operations not considered as off-bearing within the intent of this section include (a) the removal of material or refuse from a circular saw or guillotine-action veneer clipper where the material or refuse has been conveyed away from the saw table or point of operation by a gravity chute or by some mechanical means such as a moving belt or expulsion roller, and (b) the following operations when they do not involve the removal of material or refuse directly from a saw table or from the point of operation: the carrying, moving, or transporting of materials from one machine to another or from one part of a plant to another; the piling, stacking, or arranging of materials for feeding into a machine by another person; and the sorting, tying, bundling, or loading of materials.

(5) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in 71-3105(f) and (g).

(F) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations involving exposure to radioactive substances and to ionizing radiations are particularly hazardous and detrimental to health for minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) Any work in any workroom in which (i) radium is stored or used in the manufacture of self-luminous compound, (ii) self-luminous compound is made, processed, or packaged, (iii) self-luminous compound is stored, used, or worked upon, (iv) incandescent mantles are made from fabric and solutions containing thorium salts, or are processed or packaged, (v) other radioactive substances are present in the air in average concentrations exceeding 10 percent of the maximum permissible concentrations in the air recommended for occupational exposure by the National Committee on Radiation Protection, as set forth in the 40-hour week column of table one of the National Bureau of Standards Handbook No. 69 entitled "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure," issued June 5, 1959.

(2) Any other work which involves exposure to ionizing radiations in excess of 0.5 rem per year.

(3) Definitions. As used in this paragraph:
(i) The term "self-luminous compound" shall mean any mixture of phosphorescent material and radium, mesothorium, or other radioactive element;

(ii) The term "workroom" shall include the entire area bounded by walls of solid material and extending from floor to ceiling;

(iii) The term "ionizing radiations" shall mean alpha and beta particles, electrons, protons, neutrons, gamma and X-ray and all other radiations which produce ionizations directly or indirectly, but does not include electromagnetic radiations other than gamma and X-ray.

(G) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations involved in the operation of power-driven hoisting apparatus are particularly hazardous for minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) Work of operating an elevator, crane, derrick, hoist, or high-lift truck, except operating an unattended automatic operation passenger elevator or an electric or air-operated hoist not exceeding one ton capacity.

(2) Work which involves riding on a manlift or on a freight elevator, except a freight elevator operated by an assigned operator.

(3) Work of assisting in the operation of a crane, derrick, or hoist performed by crane hookers, crane chasers, hookers-on, riggers, rigger helpers, and like occupations.

(4) Definitions. As used in this paragraph:
(i) The term "elevator" shall mean any power-driven hoisting or lowering mechanism equipped with a car or platform which moves in guides in a substantially vertical direction. The term shall include both passenger and freight elevators (including portable elevators or tiering machines), but shall not include dumbwaiters.

(ii) The term "crane" shall mean a power-driven machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of the machine. The term shall include all types of cranes, such as cantilever gantry, crawler, gantry, hammerhead, ingot-pouring, jib, locomotive, motor-truck, overhead traveling, pillar jib, pintle, portal, semi-gantry, semi-portal, storage bridge, tower, walking jib, and wall cranes.

(iii) The term "derrick" shall mean a power-driven apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent members held at the top by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism or operating ropes. The term shall include all types of derricks, such as A-frame, breast, Chicago boom, gin-pole, guy and stiff-leg derrick.

(iv) The term "hoist" shall mean a power-driven apparatus for raising or lowering a load by the application of a pulling force that does not include a car or platform running in guides. The term shall include all types of hoists, such as base mounted electric, clevis suspension, hook suspension, monorail, overhead electric, simple drum and trolley suspension hoists.

(v) The term "high-lift truck" shall mean a power-driven industrial type of truck used for lateral transportation that is equipped with a power-operated lifting device usually in the form of a fork or platform capable of tiering loaded pallets or skids one above the other. Instead of a fork or platform, the lifting device may consist of a ram, scoop, shovel, crane, revolving fork, or other attachments for handling specific loads. The term shall mean and include highlift trucks known under such names as fork lifts, fork trucks, fork-lift trucks, tiering trucks, or stacking trucks, but shall not mean low-lift trucks or low-lift platform trucks that are designed for the transportation of but not the tiering of material.

(vi) The term "manlift" shall mean a device intended for the conveyance of persons which consists of platforms or brackets mounted on, or attached to, an endless belt, cable, chain or similar method of suspension; such belt, cable or chain operating in a substantially vertical direction and being supported by and driven through pulleys, sheaves or sprockets at the top and bottom.

(5) Exception.
(a) This section shall not prohibit the operation of an automatic elevator and an automatic signal operation elevator provided that the exposed portion of the car interior (exclusive of vents and other necessary small openings), the car door, and the hoistway doors are constructed of solid surfaces without any opening through which a part of the body may extend; all hoistway openings at floor level have doors which are interlocked with the car door so as to prevent the car from starting until all such doors are closed and locked; the elevator (other than hydraulic elevators) is equipped with a device which will stop and hold the car in case of overspeed or if the cable slackens or breaks; and the elevator is equipped with upper and lower travel limit devices which will normally bring the car to rest at either terminal and a final limit switch which will prevent the movement in either direction and will open in case of excessive over travel by the car.

(b) For the purpose of this exception the term "automatic elevator" shall mean a passenger elevator, a freight elevator, or a combination passenger-freight elevator, the operation of which is controlled by pushbuttons in such a manner that the starting, going to the landing selected, leveling and holding, and the opening and closing of the car and hoistway doors are entirely automatic.

(c) For the purpose of this exception, the term "automatic signal operation elevator" shall mean an elevator which is started in response to the operation of a switch (such as a lever or pushbutton) in the car which when operated by the operator actuates a starting device that automatically closes the car and hoistway doors.from this point on, the movement of the car to the landing selected, leveling and holding when it gets there, and the opening of the car and hoistway doors are entirely automatic.

(H) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) The occupations of operator of or helper on the following power-driven metal forming, punching, and shearing machines:
(i) All rolling machines, such as beading, straightening, corrugating, flanging, or bending rolls; and hot or cold rolling mills.

(ii) All pressing or punching machines, such as punch presses except those provided with full automatic feed and ejection and with a fixed barrier guard to prevent the hands or fingers of the operator from entering the area between the dies; power presses; plate punches.

(iii) All bending machines, such as apron brakes and press brakes.

(iv) All hammering machines, such as drop hammers and power hammers.

(v) All shearing machines, such as guillotine or squaring shears; alligator shears; and rotary shears.

(2) The occupations of setting-up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning these machines including those with automatic feed and ejection.

(3) Definitions.
(i) The term "operator" shall mean a person who operates a machine covered by this Order by performing such functions as starting or stopping the machine, placing materials into or removing them from the machine, or any other functions directly involved in operation of the machine.

(ii) The term "helper" shall mean a person who assists in the operation of a machine covered by this Order by helping place materials into or remove them from the machine.

(iii) The term "forming, punching, and shearing machines", shall mean power-driven metal-working machines, other than machine tools, which change the shape of or cut metal by means of tools, such as dies, rolls, or knives which are mounted on rams, plungers, or other moving parts. Types of forming, punching, and shearing machines enumerated in this section are the machines to which the designation is by custom applied.

(4) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in Section 71-3105(f) and (g).

(I) [There is no subsection (I) in Reg. 71-3107.]

(J) Findings and declaration of fact. The following occupations are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) The occupations of operating or assisting to operate any of the following power-driven paper-products machines:
(i) Arm-type wire stitcher or stapler, circular or band saw, corner cutter or mitering machines, corrugating and single-or-double-facing machine, envelope die-cutting press, guillotine paper cutter or shear, horizontal bar scorer, laminating or combining machine, sheeting machine, scrap-paper baler, paper box compactor, or vertical slotter.

(ii) Platen die-cutting press, platen printing press, or punch press which involves hand feeding of the machine.

(2) The occupations of setting up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning these machines including those which do not involve hand feeding.

(3) Definitions.
(i) The term "applicable ANSI standard" shall mean the American National Standard Institute's Standard ANSI Z245.5-1990 ("American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal-Baling Equipment-Safety Requirements") for scrap paper balers or the American National Standard Institute's Standard ANSI Z245.2-1992 ("American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal Equipment-Stationary Compactors-Safety Requirements") for paper box compactors. Additional applicable standards are the American National Standard Institute's Standard ANSI Z245.5-1997 ("American National Standard for Equipment Technology and Operations for Wastes and Recyclable Materials--Baling Equipment-Safety Requirements") for scrap paper balers or the American National Standard Institute's Standard ANSI Z245.2-1997 ("American National Standard for Equipment Technology and Operations for Wastes and Recyclable Materials-Stationary Compactors-Safety Requirements") for paper box compactors, which the Secretary has certified to be at least as protective of the safety of minors as Standard ANSI Z245.5-1990 for scrap paper balers or Standard ANSI Z245.2-1992 for paper box compactors. The ANSI standards for scrap paper balers and paper box compactors govern the manufacture and modification of the equipment, the operation and maintenance of the equipment, and employee training. These ANSI standards are incorporated by reference in this paragraph and have the same force and effect as other standards in this section. Only the mandatory provisions (i.e., provisions containing the word "shall" or other mandatory language) of these standards are adopted as standards under this section. These standards are incorporated by reference as they exist on the date of approval; if any changes are made in these standards which the Secretary finds to be as protective of the safety of minors as the current standards, the Secretary will publish a Notice of the change of standards in the Federal Register. These incorporations by reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies of these standards are available for purchase from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 23 West 43 rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY, 10036. In addition, these standards are available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Docket Office, Room N2625, United States Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20210, or any of its regional offices. For information on availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html .

(ii) The term "operating or assisting to operate" shall mean all work which involves starting or stopping a machine covered by this section, placing materials into or removing them from the machine, including clearing a machine of jammed paper or cardboard, or any other work directly involved in operating the machine. The term does not include the stacking of materials by an employee in an area nearby or adjacent to the machine where such employee does not place the materials into the machine.

(iii) The term "paper box compactor" shall mean a powered machine that remains stationary during operation, used to compact refuse, including paper boxes, into a detachable or integral container or into a transfer vehicle.

(iv) The term "paper-products machine" shall mean power-driven machines used in the remanufacture or conversion of paper or pulp into a finished product, including preparing such materials for recycling or used in preparing such materials for disposal. The term is understood to apply to such machines whether they are used in establishments that manufacture converted paper or pulp products, or in any other type of manufacturing or non-manufacturing establishment. The term is also understood to apply to those machines which, in addition to paper products, process other material for disposal.

(v) The term "scrap paper baler" shall mean a powered machine used to compress paper and possibly other solid waste, with or without binding, to a density or form that will support handling and transportation as a material unit without requiring a disposable or reusable container.

(4) Exemptions.
(i) Loading a scrap paper baler or paper box compactor. Sixteen- and seventeen-year-old minors may load materials into, but not operate or unload, those scrap paper balers and paper box compactors that are safe for sixteen-and seventeen-year-old employees to load and cannot be operated while being loaded. For the purpose of this exemption, a scrap paper baler or a paper box compactor is considered to be safe for sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds to load only if all of the following conditions are met: the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor meets the applicable ANSI standard; the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor includes an on-off switch incorporating a key-lock or other system and the control of the system is maintained in the custody of employees who are eighteen years of age or older; the on-off switch of the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor is maintained in an off position when the machine is not in operation; and the employer posts a notice on the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor (in a prominent position and easily visible to any person loading, operating, or unloading the machine) that includes and conveys all of the following information: That the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor meets the industry safety standard applicable to the machine, completely identifying the appropriate ANSI standard; That sixteen- and seventeen-year-old employees may only load the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor; and that no employee under the age of eighteen may operate or unload the scrap paper baler or paper box compactor.

(ii) Apprentices or student-learners. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in 71-3105(f) and (g).

(K) Findings and declaration of fact. The following occupations involved in the manufacture of clay construction products and of silica refractory products are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age, and detrimental to their health and well-being:

(1) All work in or about establishments in which clay construction products are manufactured, except (i) work in storage and shipping; (ii) work in offices, laboratories, and storerooms; and (iii) work in the drying departments of plants manufacturing sewer pipe.

(2) All work in or about establishments in which silica brick or other silica refactories are manufactured, except work in offices.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as permitting employment of minors in any occupation prohibited by any other hazardous occupations order issued by the Commissioner of Labor.

(4) Definitions.
(i) The term "clay construction products" shall mean the following clay products: Brick, hollow structural tile, sewer pipe and kindred products, refractories, and other clay products such as architectural terra cotta, glazed structural tile, roofing tile, stove lining, chimney pipes and tops, wall coping, and drain tile. The term shall not include the following non-structural-bearing clay products: Ceramic floor and wall tile, mosaic tile, glazed and enameled tile, faience, and similar tile, nor shall the term include non-clay construction products such as sand-lime brick, glass brick, or non-clay refractories.

(ii) The term "silica brick or other silica refractories" shall mean refractory products produced from raw materials containing free silica as their main constituent.

(L) Findings and declaration of fact. The following occupations are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) The occupations of operator of or helper on the following power-driven fixed or portable machines except machines equipped with full automatic feed and ejection:
(i) Circular saws.

(ii) Band saws.

(iii) Guillotine shears.

(2) The occupations of setting-up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning circular saws, band saws, and guillotine shears.

(3) Definitions.
(i) The term "operator" shall mean a person who operates a machine covered by this section by performing such functions as starting or stopping the machine, placing materials into or removing them from the machine, or any other functions directly involved in operation of the machine.

(ii) The term "helper" shall mean a person who assists in the operation of a machine covered by this section by helping place materials into or remove them from the machine.

(iii) The term "machines equipped with full automatic feed and ejection" shall mean machines covered by this Order which are equipped with devices for full automatic feeding and ejection and with a fixed barrier guard to prevent completely the operator or helper from placing any part of his body in the point-of-operation area.

(iv) The term "circular saw" shall mean a machine equipped with a thin steel disc having a continuous series of notches or teeth on the periphery, mounted on shafting, and used for sawing materials.

(v) The term "band saw" shall mean a machine equipped with an endless steel band having a continuous series of notches or teeth, running over wheels or pulleys, and used for sawing materials.

(vi) The term "guillotine shear" shall mean a machine equipped with a movable blade operated vertically and used to shear materials. The term shall not include other types of shearing machines, using a different form of shearing action, such as alligator shears or circular shears.

(4) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in 71-3105(f) and (g).

(M)

(1) Finding and declaration of fact. All occupations in wrecking, demolition, and shipbreaking operations are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age and detrimental to their health and well-being.

(2) Definition. The term "wrecking, demolition, and shipbreaking operations" shall mean all work, including clean-up and salvage work, performed at the site of the total or partial razing, demolishing, or dismantling of a building, bridge, steeple, tower, chimney, other structure, ship or other vessel.

(N)

(1) Finding and declaration of fact. All occupations in roofing operations and all occupations on or about a roof are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age or detrimental to their health.

(2) Definitions.
(i) The term "on or about a roof" shall mean all work performed upon or in close proximity to a roof, including carpentry and metal work, alterations, additions, maintenance and repair, including painting and coating of existing roofs; the construction of the sheathing or base of roofs (wood or metal), including roof trusses or joists; gutter and downspout work; the installation and servicing of television and communication equipment such as cable and satellite dishes; the installation and servicing of heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment or similar appliances attached to roofs; and any similar work that is required to be performed on or about roofs.

(ii) The term "roofing operations" shall mean all work performed in connection with the application of weatherproofing materials and substances (such as tar or pitch, asphalt prepared paper, tile, slate, metal, translucent materials, and shingles of asbestos, asphalt, or wood) to roofs of buildings or other structures. The term shall also include all work performed in connection with: (1) the installation of roofs, including related metal work such as flashing and (2) alterations, additions, maintenance, and repair, including painting and coating, of existing roofs. The term shall also include all jobs on the ground related to roofing operations such as roofing laborer, roofing helper, materials handler, and tending a tar heater. The term shall not include gutter and downspout work; the construction of the sheathing or base of roofs; or the installation of television antennas, air conditioners, exhaust and ventilation equipment, or similar appliances attached to roofs.

(3) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in 71-3105(f) and (g).

(O) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations in excavation operations are particularly hazardous for the employment of persons sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) Excavating, working in, or backfilling (refilling) trenches, except (i) manually excavating or manually backfilling trenches that do not exceed four feet in depth at any point, or (ii) working in trenches that do not exceed four feet in depth at any point.

(2) Excavating for buildings or other structures or working in such excavations, except (i) manually excavating to a depth not exceeding four feet below any ground surface adjoining the excavation, or (ii) working in an excavation not exceeding such depth, or (iii) working in an excavation where the side walls are shored or sloped to the angle of repose.

(3) Working within tunnels prior to the completion of all driving and shoring operations.

(4) Working within shafts prior to the completion of all sinking and shoring operations.

(5) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to the employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in 71-3105(f) and (g).

(P)

(1) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations in or about slaughtering and meat packing establishments, rendering plants, or wholesale, retail or service establishments are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age or detrimental to their health or well-being:
(a) All occupations on the killing floor, in curing cellars, and in hide cellars, except the working of messengers, runners, hand-truckers, and similar occupations which require entering such workrooms or workplaces infrequently and for short periods of time.

(b) All occupations involved in the recovery of lard and oils, except packaging and shipping of such products and the operation of lard-roll machines.

(c) All occupations involved in tankage or rendering of dead animals, animal offal, animal fats, scrap meats, blood, and bones into stock feeds, tallow, inedible greases, fertilizer ingredients, and similar products.

(d) All occupations involved in the operation or feeding of the following power-driven meat-processing machines, including setting-up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning such machines: meat patty forming machines, meat and bone cutting saws, knives (except bacon-slicing machines), head-splitters, and guillotine cutters; snout-pullers and jaw-pullers; skinning machines; horizontal rotary washing machines; casing-cleaning machines such as crushing, stripping, and finishing machines; grinding, mixing, chopping, and hashing machines; and presses (except belly-rolling machines).

(e) All boning occupations.

(f) All occupations that involve the pushing or dropping of any suspended carcass, half carcass, or quarter carcass.

(g) All occupations involving hand-lifting or hand-carrying any carcass or half-carcass of beef, pork or horse, or any quarter carcass of beef or horse.

(2) Definitions. As used in this section:
(a) The term "slaughtering and meat packing establishments" shall mean places in or about which cattle, calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, goats, or horses are killed, butchered, or processed. The term shall also include establishments which manufacture or process meat products or sausage casings from animals.

(b) The term "rendering plants" shall mean establishments engaged in the conversion of dead animals, animal offal, animal fats, scrap meats, blood, and bones into stock feeds, tallow, inedible greases, fertilizer ingredients, and similar products.

(c) The term "killing floor" shall include that workroom or workplace where cattle, calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, goats, or horses are immobilized, shackled, or killed, and the carcasses are dressed prior to chilling.

(d) The term "curing cellar" shall include that workroom or workplace which is primarily devoted to the preservation and flavoring of meat by curing materials. It does not include that workroom or workplace where meats are smoked.

(e) The term "hide cellar" shall include that workroom or workplace where hides are graded, trimmed, salted, and otherwise cured.

(f) The term "boning occupations" shall mean the removal of bones from meat cuts. It shall not include work that involves cutting, scrapping, or trimming meat from cuts containing bones.

(3) Exemptions. This section shall not apply to:
(a) The killing and processing of poultry, rabbits, or small game in areas physically separated from the killing floor.

(b) The employment of apprentices or student-learners under the conditions prescribed in Section 71-3105(f) and (g).

(Q) Finding and declaration of fact. The following occupations involved in the operation of power-driven bakery machines are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age:

(1) The occupations of operating, assisting to operate, or setting up, adjusting, repairing, oiling, or cleaning any horizontal or vertical dough mixer; batter mixer; bread dividing, rounding, or molding machine; dough brake; dough sheeter; combination bread slicing and wrapping machine; or cake cutting band saw.

(2) The occupation of setting up or adjusting a cookie or cracker machine.

(R) Finding and declaration of fact. All occupations in connection with mining, other than coal, are particularly hazardous for the employment of minors sixteen and seventeen years of age or detrimental to their health or well-being and employment in such occupations is therefore prohibited under Section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended, except the following:

(1) Work in offices, in the warehouse or supply house, in the change house, in the laboratory, and in repair or maintenance shops not located underground.

(2) Work in the operation and maintenance of living quarters.

(3) Work outside the mine in surveying, in the repair and maintenance of roads, and in general clean-up about the mine property such as clearing brush and digging drainage ditches.

(4) Work of track crews in the building and maintaining of sections of railroad track located in those areas of open-cut metal mines where mining and haulage activities are not being conducted at the time and place that such building and maintenance work is being done.

(5) Work in or about surface placer mining operations other than placer dredging operations and hydraulic placer mining operations.

(6) The following work in metal mills other than in mercury-recovery mills or mills using the cyanide process:
(i) Work involving the operation of jigs, sludge tables, flotation cells, or drier-filters;

(ii) Work of hand-sorting at picking table or picking belt;

(iii) General clean-up work:

Provided, however, That nothing in this section shall be construed as permitting employment of minors in any occupation prohibited by any other hazardous occupations order issued by the Secretary of Labor.

Definitions. As used in this section: The term "all occupations in connection with mining, other than coal" shall mean all work performed underground in mines and quarries; on the surface at underground mines and underground quarries; in or about open-cut mines, open quarries, clay pits, and sand and gravel operations; at or about placer mining operations; at or about dredging operations for clay, sand or gravel; at or about bore-hole mining operations; in or about all metal mills, washer plants, or grinding mills reducing the bulk of the extracted minerals; and at or about any other crushing, grinding, screening, sizing, washing or cleaning operations performed upon the extracted minerals except where such operations are performed as a part of a manufacturing process. The term shall not include work performed in subsequent manufacturing or processing operations, such as work performed in smelters, electro-metallurgical plants, refineries, reduction plants, cement mills, plants where quarried stone is cut, sanded and further processed, or plants manufacturing clay, glass or ceramic products. Neither shall the term include work performed in connection with coal mining, in petroleum production, in natural-gas production, nor in dredging operations which are not a part of mining operations, such as dredging for construction or navigation purposes.

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