South Carolina Code of Regulations
Chapter 61 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Subchapter 61-9 - Water Pollution Control Permits
Subchapter 61-9.504 - STANDARDS FOR THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE
Part D - PATHOGENS AND VECTOR ATTRACTION REDUCTION
Section 61-9.504.D.32 - Pathogens

Universal Citation: SC Code Regs 61-9.504.D.32

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 9, September 27, 2024

(a) Industrial sludge -Class A

(1) The requirement in section504.32(a)(2)(a)(2) and the requirements in either section504.32(a)(3)(a)(3), section504.32(a)(4)(a)(4), section504.32(a)(5)(a)(5), section504.32(a)(6)(a)(6), section504.32(a)(7)(a)(7), or section504.32(a)(8)(a)(8) shall be met for an industrial sludge to be classified Class A with respect to pathogens if pathogens are expected to be present.

(2) When pathogens are expected to be present and the industrial sludge is expected to attract vectors, the Class A pathogen requirements in section504.32(a)(3)(a)(3) through section504.32(a)(8)(a)(8) shall be met either prior to meeting or at the same time the vector attraction reduction requirements in section504.33, except the vector attraction reduction requirements in section504.33(b)(6)(b)(6) through section504.33(b)(8)(b)(8), are met.

(3) Class A -Alternative 1 (Not available for composting).

(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the industrial sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the industrial sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f).

(ii) The temperature of the industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be maintained at a specific value for a period of time.

(A) When the percent solids of the industrial sludge is seven percent or higher, the temperature of the industrial sludge shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 20 minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (2), except when small particles of industrial sludge are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.

D = 131,700,000 (Equation 2)

-----------

100.1400t

Where,

D = time in days.

t = temperature in degrees Celsius.

TABLE 1 OF Section 504.32--If the industrial sludge is 7% solids or higher.
Temperature (Celsius)	Time
50.0 (minimum)	13.17 days
60.0	12 hours 43 minutes
65.0	2 hours 39 minutes
70.0	30 minutes
71.3	20 minutes (minimum)

(B) When the percent solids of the industrial sludge is seven percent or higher and small particles of industrial sludge are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the industrial sludge shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (2).

TABLE 2 OF Section 504.32 If the industrial sludge is 7% solids or higher and small particles of industrial sludge are heated by warm gases or an immiscible liquid.
Temperature (Celsius)	Time
50.0 (minimum)	13.17 days
65.0	2 hours 39 minutes
71.3	20 minutes
80.0	1 minute 12 seconds
84.9	15 seconds (minimum)

(C) When the percent solids of the industrial sludge is less than seven percent and the time period is at least 15 seconds, but less than 30 minutes, the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (2).

TABLE 3 OF Section 504.32--If the industrial sludge is less than 7% solids and the time period is at least 15 seconds, but less than 30 minutes.
Temperature (Celsius)	Time
70.0	30 minutes (Maximum time. See (D) for greater than 30 minutes)
71.3	20 minutes
75.0	6 minutes
80.0	1 minute 12 seconds
84.9	15 seconds (minimum)

(D) When the percent solids of the industrial sludge is less than seven percent; the temperature of the industrial sludge is 50 degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer, the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3).

D = 50,070,000 (Equation 3)

-----------

100.1400t

Where,

D = time in days.

t = temperature in degrees Celsius.

TABLE 4 OF Section 504.32--If the industrial sludge is less than 7% solids an the temperature of the industrial sludge is 50 degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer.
Temperature (Celsius)	Time
50.0 (minimum)	5.0 days
55.0	1.0 day
60.0	4 hours 48 minutes
65.0	58 minutes
67.0	30 minutes (minimum)

(iii) The temperature used in equation (2) and equation (3) will be the lowest, continuously measured temperature within the reaction vessel during a 24-hour period or the lowest measured temperature during any 24-hour period, if a continuous treatment process is used. If a batch treatment process is used, the temperature used in the equation (2) and equation (3) will be the lowest temperature measured during the batch treatment.

(iv) For design temperatures measuring greater than 70 degrees Celsius, continuous temperature monitoring shall be required.

(4) Class A -Alternative 2

(ii)

(A) The pH of the industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12 for 72 hours.

(B) The temperature of the industrial sludge shall be above 52 degrees Celsius for 12 hours or longer during the period that the pH of the industrial sludge is above 12.

(C) At the end of the 72 hour period during which the pH of the industrial sludge is above 12, the industrial sludge shall be air dried to achieve a percent solids in the industrial sludge greater than 50 percent.

(5) Class A -Alternative 3

(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the industrial sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in industrial sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f).

(ii)

(A) The industrial sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the industrial sludge contains enteric viruses.

(B) When the density of enteric viruses in the industrial sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the industrial sludge is Class A with respect to enteric viruses until the next monitoring episode for the industrial sludge.

(C) When the density of enteric viruses in the industrial sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the industrial sludge is Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the density of enteric viruses in the industrial sludge after pathogen treatment is less than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the industrial sludge that meets the enteric virus density requirement are documented.

(D) After the enteric virus reduction in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the industrial sludge continues to be Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this subsection.

(iii)

(A) The industrial sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the industrial sludge contains viable helminth ova.

(B) When the density of viable helminth ova in the industrial sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the industrial sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring episode for the industrial sludge.

(C) When the density of viable helminth ova in the industrial sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the industrial sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the density of viable helminth ova in the industrial sludge after pathogen treatment is less than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the industrial sludge that meets the viable helminth ova density requirement are documented.

(D) After the viable helminth ova reduction in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the industrial sludge continues to be Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this subsection.

(6) Class A -Alternative 4

(ii) The density of enteric viruses in the industrial sludge shall be less than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f), unless otherwise specified by the Department.

(iii) The density of viable helminth ova in the industrial sludge shall be less than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f), unless otherwise specified by the Department.

(7) Class A -Alternative 5

(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the industrial sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in the industrial sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f).

(ii) Industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens described in appendix B of this part if pathogens are expected to be present.

(8) Class A -Alternative 6

(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the industrial sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in the industrial sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed; at the time the industrial sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the industrial sludge or material derived from industrial sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section504.10(b)(b), section504.10(e)(e), or section504.10(f)(f).

(ii) Industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the Department.

(b) Industrial sludge -Class B

(1)

(i) The requirements in either section504.32(b)(2)(b)(2), section504.32(b)(3)(b)(3), or section504.32(b)(4)(b)(4) shall be met for an industrial sludge to be classified Class B with respect to pathogens if pathogens are expected to be present.

(ii) The site restrictions in section504.32(b)(5)(b)(5) shall be met when industrial sludge that meets the Class B pathogen requirements in section504.32(b)(2)(b)(2), section504.32(b)(3)(b)(3), or section504.32(b)(4)(b)(4) is applied to the land.

(2) Class B -Alternative 1

(i) Seven representative samples of the industrial sludge shall be collected at the time the industrial sludge is used or disposed.

(ii) The geometric mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples collected in (b)(2)(i) of this subsection shall be less than either 2,000,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or 2,000,000 Colony Forming Units per gram of total solids (dry weight basis).

(3) Class B -Alternative 2. Industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to Significantly Reduce Pathogens described in appendix B of this part.

(4) Class B -Alternative 3. Industrial sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the Department.

(5) Site Restrictions

(i) Food crops with harvested parts that touch the industrial sludge/soil mixture and are totally above the land surface shall not be harvested for 14 months after application of industrial sludge.

(ii) Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 20 months after application of industrial sludge when the industrial sludge remains on the land surface for four months or longer prior to incorporation into the soil.

(iii) Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 38 months after application of industrial sludge when the industrial sludge remains on the land surface for less than four months prior to incorporation into the soil.

(iv) Food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops shall not be harvested for 30 days after application of industrial sludge.

(v) Animals shall not be grazed on the land for 30 days after application of industrial sludge.

(vi) Turf grown on land where industrial sludge is applied shall not be harvested for one year after application of the industrial sludge when the harvested turf is placed on either land with a high potential for public exposure or a lawn, unless otherwise specified by the Department.

(vii) Public access to land with a high potential for public exposure shall be restricted for one year after application of industrial sludge.

(viii) Public access to land with a low potential for public exposure shall be restricted for 30 days after application of industrial sludge.

(ix) The Department may establish in permits the required application buffer setbacks for property boundaries, roadways, residential developments, dwellings, water wells, drainageways, and surface water as deemed necessary to protect public health.

(x) The Department may establish minimum requirements in permits for soil and/or groundwater monitoring, for bulk application sites, to verify compliance with the Regulation.

(1) [Reserved]

(2) [Reserved]

(3) [Reserved]

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