Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 9, September 27, 2024
(a) DRE standard.
(1) General. Except as provided in paragraph
(a)(3) of this section, a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste
must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for all
organic hazardous constituents in the waste feed. To demonstrate conformance
with this requirement, 99.99% DRE must be demonstrated during a trial burn for
each principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) designated (under paragraph
(a)(2) of this section) in its permit for each waste feed. DRE is determined
for each POHC from the following equation:
See
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WIN=Mass feed rate of one principal
organic hazardous constituent (POHC) in the hazardous waste fired to the boiler
or industrial furnace; and
WOUT=Mass emission rate of the same
POHC present in stack gas prior to release to the atmosphere.
(2) Designation of POHCs. Principal organic
hazardous constituents (POHCs) are those compounds for which compliance with
the DRE requirements of this section shall be demonstrated in a trial burn in
conformance with procedures prescribed in 270.66 of this chapter. One or more
POHCs shall be designated by the Department for each waste feed to be burned.
POHCs shall be designated based on the degree of difficulty of destruction of
the organic constituents in the waste and on their concentrations or mass in
the waste feed considering the results of waste analyses submitted with part B
of the permit application. POHCs are most likely to be selected from among
those compounds listed in part 261, appendix VIII of this chapter that are also
present in the normal waste feed. However, if the applicant demonstrates to the
Department satisfaction that a compound not listed in appendix VIII or not
present in the normal waste feed is a suitable indicator of compliance with the
DRE requirements of this section, that compound may be designated as a POHC.
Such POHCs need not be toxic or organic compounds.
(3) Dioxin-listed waste. A boiler or
industrial furnace burning hazardous waste containing (or derived from) EPA
Hazardous Wastes Nos. F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must achieve a
destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% for each POHC designated
(under paragraph (a)(2) of this section) in its permit. This performance must
be demonstrated on POHCs that are more difficult to burn than tetra-, penta-,
and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is determined for each
POHC from the equation in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. In addition, the
owner or operator of the boiler or industrial furnace must notify the
Department of intent to burn EPA Hazardous Waste Nos. F020, F021, F022, F023,
F026, or F027.
(4) Automatic waiver
of DRE trial burn. Owners and operators of boilers operated under the special
operating requirements provided by 266.110 are considered to be in compliance
with the DRE standard of paragraph (a)(1) of this section and are exempt from
the DRE trial burn.
(5) Low risk
waste. Owners and operators of boilers or industrial furnaces that burn
hazardous waste in compliance with the requirements of 266.109(a) are
considered to be in compliance with the DRE standard of paragraph (a)(1) of
this section and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.
(b) Carbon monoxide standard.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of
this section, the stack gas concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a boiler
or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste cannot exceed 100 ppmv on an
hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period), continuously
corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry gas basis.
(2) CO and oxygen shall be continuously
monitored in conformance with "Performance Specifications for Continuous
Emission Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen for Incinerators, Boilers,
and Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in appendix IX of this
part.
(3) Compliance with the 100
ppmv CO limit must be demonstrated during the trial burn (for new facilities or
an interim status facility applying for a permit) or the compliance test (for
interim status facilities). To demonstrate compliance, the highest hourly
rolling average CO level during any valid run of the trial burn or compliance
test must not exceed 100 ppmv.
(c) Alternative carbon monoxide standard.
(1) The stack gas concentration of carbon
monoxide (CO) from a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste may
exceed the 100 ppmv limit provided that stack gas concentrations of
hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed 20 ppmv, except as provided by paragraph (f) of
this section for certain industrial furnaces.
(2) HC limits must be established under this
section on an hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period),
reported as propane, and continuously corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry gas
basis.
(3) HC shall be continuously
monitored in conformance with "Performance Specifications for Continuous
Emission Monitoring of Hydrocarbons for Incinerators, Boilers, and Industrial
Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in appendix IX of this part. CO and oxygen
shall be continuously monitored in conformance with paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
(4) The alternative CO
standard is established based on CO data during the trial burn (for a new
facility) and the compliance test (for an interim status facility). The
alternative CO standard is the average over all valid runs of the highest
hourly average CO level for each run. The CO limit is implemented on an hourly
rolling average basis, and continuously corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry gas
basis.
(d) Special
requirements for furnaces. Owners and operators of industrial furnaces (e.g.,
kilns, cupolas) that feed hazardous waste for a purpose other than solely as an
ingredient (see 266.103(a)(5)(ii)) at any location other than the end where
products are normally discharged and where fuels are normally fired must comply
with the hydrocarbon limits provided by paragraphs (c) or (f) of this section
irrespective of whether stack gas CO concentrations meet the 100 ppmv limit of
paragraph (b) of this section.
(e)
Controls for dioxins and furans. Owners and operators of boilers and industrial
furnaces that are equipped with a dry particulate matter control device that
operates within the temperature range of 450 to 750 °F, and industrial
furnaces operating under an alternative hydrocarbon limit established under
paragraph (f) of this section must conduct a site-specific risk assessment as
follows to demonstrate that emissions of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
dibenzofurans do not result in an increased lifetime cancer risk to the
hypothetical maximum exposed individual (MEI) exceeding 1 in 100,000:
(1) During the trial burn (for new facilities
or an interim status facility applying for a permit) or compliance test (for
interim status facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa
congeners of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using
Method [241]0023A, Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins
(PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources,
EPA Publication SW846, as incorporated by reference in 260.11 of this
chapter.
(2) Estimate the
2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalence of the tetra-octa CDDs/CDFs congeners using
"Procedures for Estimating the Toxicity Equivalence of Chlorinated
Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners" in appendix IX of this part.
Multiply the emission rates of CDD/CDF congeners with a toxicity equivalence
greater than zero (see the procedure) by the calculated toxicity equivalence
factor to estimate the equivalent emission rate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD;
(3) Conduct dispersion modeling using methods
recommended in appendix W of part 51 ("Guidelines on Air Quality Models
(Revised)" (1986) and its supplements), the "Hazardous Waste Combustion Air
Quality Screening Procedure," provided in appendix IX of this part, or in
Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary
Sources, Revised (incorporated by reference in Section260.11) to predict the
maximum annual average offsite ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
equivalents determined under paragraph (e)(2) of this section. The maximum
annual average concentration must be used when a person resides onsite;
and
(4) The ratio of the predicted
maximum annual average ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents
to the risk-specific dose for 2,3,7,8-TCDD provided in appendix V of this part
(2.2 × 10-7) shall not exceed 1.0.
(f) Monitoring CO and HC in the
by-pass duct of a cement kiln. Cement kilns may comply with the carbon monoxide
and hydrocarbon limits provided by paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section
by monitoring in the by-pass duct provided that: (revised 5/96)
(1) Hazardous waste is fired only into the
kiln and not at any location downstream from the kiln exit relative to the
direction of gas flow; and
(2) The
by-pass duct diverts a minimum of 10% of kiln off-gas into the duct.
(g) Use of emissions test data to
demonstrate compliance and establish operating limits. Compliance with the
requirements of this section must be demonstrated simultaneously by emissions
testing or during separate runs under identical operating conditions. Further,
data to demonstrate compliance with the CO and HC limits of this section or to
establish alternative CO or HC limits under this section must be obtained
during the time that DRE testing, and where applicable, CDD/CDF testing under
paragraph (e) of this section and comprehensive organic emissions testing under
paragraph (f) is conducted. (revised 5/96)
(h) Enforcement. For the purposes of permit
enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the permit
(under 266.102) will be regarded as compliance with this section. However,
evidence that compliance with those permit conditions is insufficient to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this section may be "information"
justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a permit under 270.41
of this chapter. (revised 5/96)
