Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 9, September 27, 2024
The purpose of 38-382 is to identify critical vehicle
inspection items and provide criteria for placing vehicle(s) out-of-service
subsequent to a safety inspection.
Except where state, provincial, or federal laws preclude
enforcement of a named item, motor carrier safety enforcement personnel and
their jurisdictions shall comply with these vehicle Out-of-Service violation
standards.
NOTE: Decal Qualification: Each vehicle (truck, truck
tractor, semitrailer, trailer, etc.) must "pass" inspection to qualify for a
decal. "Pass Inspection" means that no violations/defects are found of the
vehicle inspection items contained in the definitions of Level I and Level V
inspections. For the purpose of decal issuance, if no violation is detected
during a Level I or Level V inspection due to a hidden part, which includes the
vehicle inspection items listed in the definitions, a decal shall be
applied.
The decal criteria apply only to the condition of the
vehicle, not the driver. It is possible for a driver to be Out-of-Service and
still have vehicle(s) qualify for a decal. If each vehicle, whether used singly
or in a combination, passes inspection, a current CVSA decal shall be affixed
and no other CVSA decals shall be visible.
OUT-OF-SERVICE: Authorized personnel shall declare and mark
"out of service" any motor vehicle which by reason of its mechanical condition
or loading would likely cause an accident or breakdown. An "Out of Service
Vehicle" sticker shall be used to mark vehicles "out of service". No motor
carrier shall require nor shall any person operate any commercial motor vehicle
declared and marked "out of service" until all repairs by the "out of service
notice" have been satisfactorily completed.
No person shall remove the "Out of Service Vehicle" sticker
from any motor vehicle prior to completion of all repairs required by the "out
of service notice".
Violations other than out of service conditions detected
during the inspection process will not preclude the completion of the current
trip or dispatch. However, such violations must be corrected or repaired prior
to re-dispatch.
These criteria are neither suited nor intended to serve as
vehicle maintenance or performance standards.
1. Brake System.
a. Defective Brakes.
The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than
20 percent of brakes on the vehicle or combination. A defective brake includes
any brake that meets one of the following criteria: (NOTE: Steering axle brakes
under 1.b are to be included in 20 percent criterion.)
(1) Absence of effective braking action upon
application of the service brakes (such as brake linings failing to move or
contact braking surface upon application). (38-393.48(a))
(2) Missing or broken mechanical components
including: shoes, linings, pads, springs, anchor pins, spiders, cam rollers,
push-rods, and air chamber mounting bolts. (38-393.48(a))
(3) Loose brake components including air
chambers, spiders, and cam shaft support brackets. (38-393.48(a))
(4) Audible air leak at brake chamber,
(Example - ruptured diaphragm, loose chamber clamp, etc.) NOTE: Also check
under 1.h. -Air Loss Rate. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(5) Brake adjustment limits. Bring reservoir
pressure between 90 to 100 psi, turn engine off and then fully apply the
brakes.
(a) One brake at 1/4 inch or more
beyond the readjustment limit. (Example: Type 30 clamp type brake chamber
pushrod measured at 2-1/4 inches would be one defective brake.)
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(b) Two brakes
less than 1/4 inch beyond the readjustment limit also equal one defective
brake. (Examples: Clamp type 30 pushrods measure - Two at 2-1/8 inches. This
example would equal one defective brake. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(c) Any wedge brake where the combined brake
lining movement of both top and bottom shoes exceeds 1/8 inch. (38-396.3(a)(1))
Brake Adjustment. Shall not meet or exceed those
specifications contained hereunder relating to "Maximum stroke at which Brakes
Must Be Readjusted." (Dimensions are in inches.)
COMMERCIAL VEHICLE SAFETY ALLIANCE
OUT-OF-SERVICE CRITERIA
REFERENCE CHARTS
|
TYPE
|
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
|
BRAKE ADJUSTMENT LIMIT
|
|
6
|
4-1/2
|
1-1/4
|
|
9
|
5-1/4
|
1-3/8
|
|
12
|
5-11/16
|
1-3/8
|
|
16
|
6-3/8
|
1-3/4
|
|
20
|
6-5/32
|
1-3/4
|
|
24
|
7-7/32
|
1-3/4
|
|
30
|
8-3/32
|
2
|
|
36
|
9
|
2-1/4
|
'LONG STROKE' CLAMP TYPE BRAKE CHAMBER DATA
|
TYPE
|
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
|
BRAKE ADJUSTMENT LIMIT
|
|
12
|
5-11/16
|
1-3/4
|
|
16
|
6-3/8
|
2.0
|
|
20
|
6-25/32
|
2.0
|
|
24
|
7-7/32
|
2.0
|
|
24*
|
7-7/32
|
2.5
|
|
30
|
8-3/32
|
2.5
|
|
* For 3" maximum stroke type 24 chambers
|
BOLT TYPE BRAKE CHAMBER DATA
|
TYPE
|
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
|
BRAKE ADJUSTMENT LIMIT
|
|
A
|
6-15/16
|
1-3/8
|
|
B
|
9-3/16
|
1-3/4
|
|
C
|
8-1/16
|
1-3/4
|
|
D
|
5-1/4
|
1-1/4
|
|
E
|
6-3/16
|
1-3/8
|
|
F
|
11
|
2-1/4
|
|
G
|
9-7/8
|
2
|
ROTOCHAMBER DATA
|
TYPE
|
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
|
BRAKE ADJUSTMENT LIMIT
|
|
9
|
4-9/32
|
1-1/2
|
|
12
|
4-13/16
|
1-1/2
|
|
16
|
5-13/32
|
2
|
|
20
|
5-15/16
|
2
|
|
24
|
6-13/32
|
2
|
|
30
|
7-1/16
|
2-1/4
|
|
36
|
7-5/8
|
2-3/4
|
|
50
|
8-7/8
|
3
|
DD-3 BRAKE CHAMBER DATA
|
TYPE
|
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
|
BRAKE ADJUSTMENT LIMIT
|
|
30
|
8-1/8
|
2-1/4
|
NOTE: This chamber has three air lines and is found on
motor coaches.
WEDGE BRAKE DATA
The combined movement of both brake shoe lining scribe
marks shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3.18mm) a. Defective Brakes (cont'd) (6) Brake
linings or pads. (Except on power unit steering axles)
(a) Cracked, loose, or missing lining.
i. Lining cracks or voids of 1/16"' in width
observable on the edge of the lining.
ii. Portions of a lining segment missing such
that a fastening device (rivet or bolt) is exposed when viewing the lining from
the edge.
iii. Cracks that exceed
1-1/2"' in length.
iv. Loose lining
segments. (Approximately 1/16"' or more movement.)
v. Complete lining segment missing.
(38-393.47)
(b) Evidence
of oil seepage into or out of the brake lining/drum interface area. This must
include wet contamination of the lining edge accompanied by evidence that
further contamination will occur - such as oil running from the drum or a
bearing seal.
NOTE: Grease on the lining edge, back of shoe, or drum edge
and oil stains with no evidence of fresh oil leakage are not conditions for
out-of-service. (38-393.47)
(c) Lining with a thickness less than 3/16
inch for a shoe with a continuous strip of lining or 1/4 inch for a shoe with
two pads for drum brakes or to wear indicator if lining is so marked, or less
than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes, and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic, disc,
drum and electric brakes. (38-393.47)(7) Missing brake on any axle required to
have brakes. (38-393.42)
b. Steering Axle Brakes
In addition to being included in the 20 percent criterion,
the following criteria places a vehicle in an out-of-service condition:
(1) Absence of effective braking action on
any steering axle of any vehicle required to have steering axle brakes,
including the dolly and front axle of a full trailer. (38-393.48(a))
(2) Mismatch across any power unit steering
axles of:
(a) Air chamber sizes.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(b) Slack adjuster
length. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Brake linings or pads on the steering
axle of any power unit:
(a) Cracked, loose, or
missing lining.
i. Lining cracks or voids of
1/16"' in width observable on the edge of the lining.
ii. Portions of a lining segment missing such
that a fastening device (rivet or bolt) is exposed when viewing the lining from
the edge.
iii. Cracks that exceed
1-1/2"' in length.
iv. Loose lining
segments. (Approximately 1/16"' or more movement.)
v. Complete lining segment missing.
(38-393.47)
(b) Evidence
of oil seepage into or out of the brake lining/drum interface area. This must
include wet contamination of that lining edge accompanied by evidence further
contamination will occur--such as oil running from the drum or bearing seal.
NOTE: Grease on the lining edge, back of shoe, or drum edge
and oil stains with no evidence of fresh oil leakage are not conditions for
out-of-service. (38-393.47)
(c) Lining with a thickness less than 3/16
inch for a shoe with a continuous strip of lining or 1/4 inch for a shoe with
two pads for drum brakes or to wear indicator if lining is so marked, or less
than 1/8 inch for air disc brakes, and 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc,
drum and electric brakes. (38-393.47)
c. Parking Brakes
(1) Inoperable breakaway braking system on
trailer(s).
(NOTE: No trailer brake application upon actuation of the
parking brake control indicates an inoperable breakaway braking system.) (See
item (i), page 17) (38-393.43(d))
(2) Any non-manufactured holes or cracks in
the spring brake housing section of a parking brake. (38-396.3(A)(1))
d. Brake Drums or Rotors
(1) Drums with any external crack or cracks
that open upon brake application.
(NOTE: Do not confuse short hairline heat check cracks with
flexural cracks.) (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Any portion of the drum or rotor (discs)
missing or in danger of failing away. (38-396.3(A)(1))
e. Brake Hose
(1) Hose with any damage extending through
the outer reinforcement ply. (Rubber impregnated fabric cover is not a
reinforcement ply.) (Thermoplastic nylon may have braid reinforcement or color
difference between cover and inner tube. Exposure of second color is
out-of-service.) (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Bulge/swelling when air pressure is
applied. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Hose
with audible leak at other than a proper connection. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(4) Two hoses improperly joined such as a
splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the
hose to the tube. (38-393.46)
(5)
Air hose cracked, broken, or crimped in such a manner as to restrict air flow.
(38-393.45(a)(4))
f.
Brake Tubing
(1) Tubing with an audible leak
at other than a proper connection. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Tubing cracked, damaged by heat, broken,
or crimped. (38-396.46(f))
g. Low Pressure Warning Device
Low pressure warning device missing, inoperative, or does
not operate at 55 psi and below, or 1/2 the governor cut-out pressure,
whichever is less.
NOTE: If either an audible or visual warning device is
working, vehicle should not be placed out-of-service. (38-393.51)
h. Air Loss Rate
If an air leak is discovered and the reservoir pressure is
not maintained when:
(1) Governor is
cut-in;
(2) Reservoir pressure is
between 80 & 90 psi;
(3) Engine
is at idle; and
(4) Service brakes
are fully applied. (38-396.3(a)(1))
i. Tractor-Protection System
Inoperable or missing tractor protection values on power
unit. (38-393.43) (See item (c)(1), page 15.
j. Air Reservoir
Air reservoir security; separated from its original
attachment points. (38-393.50)
k. Air Compressor
(Normally to be inspected when readily visible or when
conditions indicate compressor problems)
(1) Loose compressor mounting bolts.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Cracked,
broken, or loose pulley. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Cracked or broken mounting brackets,
braces, or adapters. (38-396.3(a)(1))
l. Electric Brakes
(1) Absence of braking action on 20 percent
or more of the braked wheels of a vehicle or combination of vehicles.
(38-393.48(a))
(2) Missing or
inoperable breakaway braking device. (38-393.48(d))
m. Hydraulic Brakes
Including: Power Assist over Hydraulic and Engine Driven
Hydraulic Booster)
(1) No pedal
reserve with engine. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Master cylinder less than 1/4 full.
(NOTE: Normally to be inspected when readily visible or
problems are apparent.) (38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Power assist unit fails to operate.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(4) Seeping or
swelling brake hose(s) under application of pressure.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(5) Missing or
inoperable breakaway braking device. (38-393.43)
(6) Hydraulic hose(s) abraded (chafed)
through outer cover-to-fabric layer. (38-393.45)
(7) Fluid lines or connections restricted,
crimped, cracked, or broken. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(8) Any visually observed leaking hydraulic
fluid in the brake system upon full application. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(9) Hydraulic System: Brake failure light/low
fluid warning light on and/or inoperative. (38-393.51)
n. Vacuum System
(1) Insufficient vacuum reserve to permit one
full brake application after engine is shut off. (38-393.50)
(2) Vacuum hose(s) or line(s) restricted,
abraded (chafed) through outer cover-to-ply, crimped, cracked, broken, or has
collapse of vacuum hose(s) when vacuum is applied. (38-396.3(a)(1))
2. Coupling Devices
(When in use.)
a. Fifth Wheels (Lower Coupler
Assembly)
(1) Mounting to frame.
(a) More than 20 percent of fasteners on
either side missing or ineffective. (38-393.70)
(b) Any movement between mounting components.
(38-393.70)
(c) Any mounting angle
iron cracked or broken.
SPECIAL NOTE: Any repair cracking, well defined (especially
open) cracks in stress or load-bearing areas, cracks through 20 percent or more
original welds or parent metal. (38-393.70)
(2) Mounting plates & pivot brackets.
(a) More than 20 percent of fasteners on
either side missing or ineffective. (38-393.70)
(b) Any welds or parent metal cracked.
SPECIAL NOTE: Any repair weld cracking, well defined
(especially open) cracks in stress or load-bearing areas, cracks through 20
percent or more original welds or parent metal. (38-393.70)
(c) More than 3/8 inch horizontal movement
between pivot bracket pin and bracket. (38-393.70)
(d) Pivot bracket pin missing or not secured.
(38-393.70)
(3) Sliders
(a) More than 25 percent of latching
fasteners, per side, ineffective. (38-393.70)
(b) Any fore or aft stop missing or not
securely attached. (38-393.70)
(c)
Movement of more than 3/8 inch between slider bracket and slider base.
(38-393.70)
(4)
Operating handle.
Operating handle not in closed or locked position.
(38-393.70)
(5) Fifth wheel
plate.
Cracks in fifth wheel plate. (38-393.70)
(SPECIAL NOTE:) Any repair weld cracking, well defined
(especially open) cracks in stress or load-bearing areas, cracks through 20
percent or more original welds or parent metal.
EXCEPTIONS:
(1)
Cracks in fifth wheel approach ramps, and
(2) casting shrinkage cracks in the ribs of
the body of a cast fifth wheel.
(6) Locking mechanism
Locking mechanism parts missing, broken, or deformed to the
extent the kingpin is not securely held. (38-393.70)
b. Upper Coupler
Assembly (Including kingpin)
(1) Horizontal
movement between the upper and lower fifth wheel halves exceeds 1/2 inch.
(38-393.70)
(2) Kingpin can be
moved by hand in any direction.
NOTE: This item is to be used when uncoupled semitrailers
are encountered, such as at a terminal inspection, and it is impossible to
check item (1) above. Kingpins in coupled vehicles are to be inspected using
items (1) above and items (3) and (4) below. Vehicles are not to be uncoupled.
(38-393.70)
(3) Kingpin not
properly engaged. (38-393.70)
(4)
Any semitrailer with a bolted upper coupler having fewer effective bolts than
shown in the following table: MINIMUM TOTAL QUANTITY OF BOLTS (Total minimum
quantity of bolts must be equally divided with 1/2 on each side of the
coupler.)
|
BOLT SIZE
|
|
1/2 inch
|
5/8 inch or larger
|
|
10 - (5 each side)
|
8 - (4 each side)
|
Note: This bolt size table applies to trailers having a
68,000 lbs. maximum gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). Such trailers are
typically used in tractor-semitrailer combinations with a maximum gross
combination weight rating (GCWR) of 80,000 lbs. It is based on Truck Trailer
Manufacturers Association Technical Bulletin No. 110 (TB 110) "Upper Coupler
Attachment Bolts for Trailers with Repositionable Upper Couplers (4/1/98)".
Table 1 in TB 110 also has specifications covering trailers with an 85,000 lbs.
and 105,000 lbs. GVWR.
(5)
Any welds or parent metal cracked.
SPECIAL NOTE: Any repair weld cracking, well defined
(especially open) cracks in stress or load-bearing areas, cracks through 20
percent or more original welds or parent metal. (38-393.70)
c. Pintle Hooks
Mounting and integrity
(1) Loose mounting, missing or ineffective
fasteners, or insecure latch. (Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway -38-393.71)
NOTE: A fastener is not considered missing if there is an
empty hole in the device but no corresponding hole in the frame and vice
versa.
(2) Cracks anywhere
in the pintle hook assembly including mounting surface and frame cross member.
(Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(3) Any welded repairs to the pintle hook
assembly. (Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(4) Section reduction visible when coupled.
NOTE: No part of the horn should have any section reduced
by more than 20 percent. If wear can be seen when the hook and eye are coupled
it is probable that either this condition or that described below in "d. (4)"
exists. (Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
d. Drawbar Eye
Mounting and integrity.
(1) Any cracks in attachment welds or drawbar
eye. (trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(2) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.
(Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(3) Any welded repairs to the drawbar eye.
(Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(4) Section reduction visible when coupled.
NOTE: No part of the eye should have any section reduced by
more than 20 percent. If wear can be seen when the hook and eye are coupled, it
is probable that either this condition or that described above in "c. (4)"
exists. (Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
e. Drawbar/Tongue
(1) Slider (power/manual).
(a) Ineffective latching mechanism. (Trailer
- 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(b) Missing or ineffective stop.
(Trailer-38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(c) Movement of more than 1/4 inch between
slider and housing. (Trailer 3-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(d) Any leaking air or hydraulic cylinders,
hoses, or chambers (other than slight oil weeping normal with hydraulic seals).
(Trailer - 38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(2) Integrity.
(a) Any cracks. (Trailer - 38-393.70(c),
Driveaway - 38-393.71)
(b) Movement
of 1/4 inch between sub frame and drawbar at point of attachment. (Trailer -
38-393.70(c), Driveaway - 38-393.71)
f. Safety Devices
(1) Missing (38-393.70(c))
(2) Unattached or incapable of secure
attachment. (38-393.70(c))
(3)
Improper repairs to chains and hooks including welding, wire, small bolts, rope
& tape. (38-393.70(c))
g. Saddle mounts
(1) Any missing or ineffective fasteners.
(38-393.71)
(2) Loose mountings.
(38-393.71)
(3) Any cracks or
breaks in a stress or load-bearing member. (38-393.71)
(4) Horizontal movement between upper &
lower saddle mount halves exceeds 1/4 inch (6mm). (38-393.71)
h. Full Trailer (Double Ring,
Ball-Bearing Turntable)
(1) Mounting Top and
Bottom
(a) Top flange has less than 7
effective bolts. (38-393.70(c))
(b)
Bottom flange has less than 7 effective bolts. (38-393.70(c))
(c) Twenty percent or more of original welds
(or repaired original welds), or parent metal cracked. (38-393.70(c))
(2) Wear (See illustration below).
(a) Upper flange half touching lower flange
half. (38-393.70(c))
(b) Cracked
flanges. (38-393.70(c))
3. Exhaust System
(a) Any exhaust system leaking at a point
forward of or directly below the driver/sleeper compartment and when the floor
pan is in such condition as to permit entry of exhaust fumes.
(38-393.83(e))
(b) Any bus exhaust
system leaking or discharging under the chassis more than 6 inches forward of
the rear most part of the bus when powered by a gasoline engine, or more than
15 inches forward of the rear most part of the bus when powered by other than a
gasoline engine. (38-393.83(d))
(c)
No part of the exhaust system of any motor vehicle shall be so located as to be
likely to result in burning, charring, or damaging the electrical wiring, the
fuel supply, or any combustible part of the motor vehicle.
(38-393.83(a))
4. Frame
a. Frame Members
(1) Any cracked, loose, sagging, or broken
frame member permitting shifting of the body onto moving parts or other
condition indicating an imminent collapse of the frame. (Bus, truck, truck
tractor - 38-393.201(a), Trailers - 38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Any cracked, loose, or broken frame
member adversely affecting support of functional components such as steering
gear, fifth wheel, engine, transmission, body parts, and suspension. (Bus,
truck, truck tractor - 38-393.201(a), Trailers - 38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) One and one-half inches or longer crack
in frame web which is directed toward bottom flange. (Bus, truck, truck tractor
- 38-393.201(a), Trailers - 38-396.3(a)(1))
(4) Any crack extending from the frame web
around the radius and into the bottom flange. (Bus, truck, truck tractor -
38-393.201(a), Trailers - 38-396.3(a)(1))
(5) One inch or longer crack in bottom
flange. (Bus, truck, truck tractor - 38-393.201(a), Trailers - 38-396.3(a)(1))
NOTE: Items (1) and (2) above, apply to all buses including
those having unitized (Monocoque) construction. (3) Items, (4) and (5) apply
only to buses having a body-on-chassis design, such as most school
buses.
b. Tire and Wheel
Clearance
Any condition, including loading that causes the body or
frame to be in contact with a tire or any part of the wheel assemblies, at the
time of inspection. (38-396.3(a)(1))
c. Adjustable Axle
(1) Adjustable axle assembly (sliding sub
frame) with more than one-fourth of the locking pins missing or not engaged.
(38-393.207(b))
(2) Locking bar not
closed or not in the locked position. (38-393.207(b)
5. Fuel System
a. Liquid Fuels
(1) A fuel system with a dripping leak at any
point (including refrigeration or heater fuel systems). (38-393.67)
(2) A fuel tank not securely attached to the
vehicle
NOTE: Some fuel tanks use spring or rubber bushings to
permit movement. (38-393.65)
6. Headlamps, Tail Lamps, Lamps on Projecting
Loads, Stop Lamps and Turn Signals
a. When
lights are required
(1) Headlamps - The
single vehicle or towing vehicle does not have at least one head lamp operative
on low beam. (38-393.24(b)), (38-393.17), (38-393.9-inoperable)
(2) Lamps on Rear - Bus, truck, truck
tractor, and towed vehicle (including driveaway/ towaway operation) not having
at least one steady burning tail lamp on the rear of the rear most vehicle
visible from 500 feet. (38-393.25(b)), (38-393.9-inoperable)
(3) Lamps on Projecting Loads - There is not
at least one operative steady burning lamp on the rear of loads projecting more
than four feet beyond the vehicle body, visible from 500 feet. (38-393.11),
(38-393.17), (38-393.9-inoperable)
b. At Anytime - Day or Night
(1) Does not have at least one operative stop
lamp on the rear of a single unit vehicle or the rear of the rear most vehicle
of a combination of vehicles visible at 500 feet. (38-393.25(f)), (38-393.17),
(38-393.9 - inoperable)
(2) Does
not have operative turn signal visible on each side of the rear of a single
unit vehicle or the rear of the rear most vehicle of a combination of vehicles.
(Truck tractors unless the turn signals on the front are so constructed (double
faced) and located as to be visible to passing drivers, two turn signals on the
rear of the cab, one at each side.). (38-393.9-inoperable),
(38-393.11-missing)
7. Safe Loading/Tie Downs
a. Part(s) of a vehicle or condition of
loading such that the spare tire or any part of the load, cargo or dunnage can
fall onto the roadway. (38-392.9)
b. When the aggregate working load limit of
the securement devices being used is less than half the weight of the cargo
being secured. (38-393.106(d))
NOTE: Equivalent means of securement (e.g., vehicle
structures, dunnage, dunnage bags, shoring bars, etc.) may be used to comply;
not all cargo must be "tied down" with chains, webbing, wire rope, cordage,
etc. (38-393.106(b))
c. No
edge protection. (38-393.104(f)(5))
NOTE: Out-of-Service only when the required tie down has
evidence of damage resulting from an unprotected contact with an article of
cargo.
NOTE: See sections 7(h)
(1) through 7(h)(5) for tie down defect
classification.
d.
Articles of cargo that are likely to roll are not restrained by chocks, wedges,
a cradle or other equivalent means to prevent rolling. (38-393.106(c)(1)) for
all types of cargo including light-weight vehicles, 38-393.130(a)for heavy
vehicles, equipment and machinery.)
e. Articles or cargo placed beside each other
and secured by transverse tie-downs are not in direct contact with each other
and are not prevented from shifting towards each other while in transit.
(38-393.106(c)(2))
f. Articles or
cargo not blocked or positioned to prevent movement in the forward direction by
a headerboad, bulkhead, other cargo that is positioned to prevent movement, or
other appropriate blocking devices, is not secured by at least:
(1) One tie-down for articles 5 feet (1.5m)
or less in length, and 1,100 pounds (500kg) in weight
(38-393.110(b)(1));
(2) Two
tie-downs if the article is:
(a) 5 feet
(1.5m) or less in length and more than 1,100 pounds in weight
(38-393.110(b)(2)(i);or
(b) Longer
than 5 feet (1.5m) but less than or equal to 10 feet (3m) in length,
irrespective of the weight. (38-393.110(b)(2)(ii))
(3) Two tie-downs if the article is longer
than 10 feet (3) and one additional tie-down for every 10 feet (3m) of article
length, or fraction thereof, beyond the first 10 feet (3m) of length.
(38-393.110(b)(3))
g.
Article(s) or cargo that is blocked, braced, or immobilized to prevent movement
in the forward position by a headerboard, bulkhead, other articles which are
adequately secured or by an appropriate blocking or immobilization method, is
not secured by at least one tie-down for every 10 feet (3) of article length,
or fraction thereof. (38-393.110)
h. When any of the required type and number
of tie-downs are defective or loose. (38-393.104(b)- Defective, 38-393.104(f)-
Loose)
(1) Chain Defects
(a) Broken, cracked, twisted, bent, or
stretched links. (38-393.104(b))
(b) Containing nicks, gouges, abrasions,
excessive wear, or knots. (38-393.104)
(c) Any weld(s) on chain, except the original
chain weld in each link. (38-393.104(f)(2))
NOTE: Repairs. Links of the clevis variety, having a
strength equal to or greater than the nominal chain are acceptable (See also
Tie-Down Guidelines.)
(2) Wire Rope Defects.
(a) Kinks, bird caging, or popped core or
knots in the working section of the wire rope. (38-393.104(b),
38-393.104(f)(1))
(b) Discoloration
from excessive heat or electric arc in the eye or main body of the wire rope.
(38-393.104(b))
(c) Corrosion with
pitting of the external or internal wires. (38-393.104(b))
(d) More than 11 broken wires in 6 diameters
of length. For example, with 1/2 inch (13mm) wire rope, over 11 broken wires in
(6x1/2) 3 inches of length (6x13=78mm). (38-393.104(b))
(e) More than three broken wires in any one
strand. (38-393.104(b))
(f) More
than two broken wires at the end connection or fitting. (38-393.104(b))
NOTE: Repairs. Wire rope used in tie-down assemblies shall
not be repaired or spliced. (Back splices and eye splices are
acceptable.)
(3)
Cordage (fiber rope) Defects
(a) Burned or
melted fibers except on heat-sealed ends. (38-393.104(b))
(b) Evidence of excessive wear in exterior or
interior fibers. (38-393.104(b))
(c) Any evidence of loss of strength, such as
a marked reduction in diameter. (38-393.104(b))
(d) Ineffective knots formed for the purpose
of connecting or repairing binders. (38-393.104(f)(1))
* NOTE: Effective diameter of the cordage reduced by 20
percent is excessive. Repairs: Cordage used in tie-down assemblies shall not be
repaired. (Separate lengths of cordage properly spliced together are not
considered repairs.)
(4) Synthetic Webbing Defects.
(a) The tie-down contains cut(s), burn(s),
and/or hole(s) through the webbing which total more than that shown in the
defect classification table. (38-393.104(b))
(b) The tie-down contains separation its load
carrying stitch pattern(s) in excess of 1/4 of the total stitch area.
(38-393.104(b))
(c) The tie-down
contains any fitting, tensioning device, or hardware which is broken, obviously
sprung, bent, twisted, or contains visible cracks or significant nicks or
gouges. (38-393.104(b))
(d) The
tie-down contains knotted webbing splices, repairs, or any other apparent
defects (i.e., crushed areas, damaged loop ends, severe abrasion, etc.)
(38-393.104(f)(2))
|
DEFECT CLASSIFICATION TABLE
|
|
Total Defect Size
|
|
Web Size
|
Out-of-Service Range
|
|
Inches (mm)
|
Inches (mm)
|
|
4(100)
|
Larger than 3/4(19)
|
|
3( 75)
|
Larger than 5/8(16)
|
|
2( 50)
|
Larger than 3/8(10)
|
|
1.75( 45)
|
Larger than 3/8(10)
|
All cuts, burns, and/or holes through the webbing are
additive across the width of the strap face for its entire effective length.
But only one defect is additive for any specific width.
NOTE: Repairs: Webbing used in tiedown assemblies shall not
be repaired or spliced.
(5) Fittings or Attachment Defects.
(a) Obvious reduction of section through wear
or corrosion. (38-393.104(b))
(b)
Obviously distorted or stretched load binders and fittings.
(38-393.104(b))
(c) Hooks opened in
the throat beyond the original parallel throat opening.
(38-393.104(b))
(d) Obvious
twisting out of the plane of the fitting. (38-393.104(b))
(e) Welding or discoloration from excessive
heat. (38-393.104(b))
NOTE: Some winches are designed to be welded to the truck
bed.
(f) Any visible
cracks. (38-393.104(b))
(g) Any
slippage detectable at a wire rope "cable clamp". (38-393.104(f)(2))
NOTE: End fittings may be replaced with clevis type.
(6) Anchor Point
Defects
(a) Broken or cracked side or pocket
rails, supports, or welds. (38-393.104(c))
(b) Rails bent or distorted where hooks or
fittings attach. (38-393.104(c))
(c) Floor rings nicked, gouged, worn,
twisted, bent, stretched, or with broken welds. (38-393.104(c))
(d) Logs not secured per the specific
securement requirements for this commodity type. (38-393.116)
(e) Dressed lumber or similar building
products not secured per the specific securement of requirements for this
commodity type. (38-393.118)
(f)
Automobiles, light trucks and vans not secured per the specific securement
requirements for this commodity type. (38-393.128)
(g) Heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery
not secured per the specific securement requirements for this commodity type.
(38-393.130)
8. Steering Mechanism
a. Steering Wheel Free Play.
(See Chart: When any of these values - inch movement or
degrees - are met or exceeded, vehicle shall be placed out- of-service.)
(38-393.209(b)) (For power steering systems, engine must be running.)
|
Steering Wheel Diameter
|
Manual System Movement 30°
|
Power System Movement 45°
|
|
16"(41cm)
|
4-1/2"(11.5cm)(or more)
|
6-3/4"(17cm)(or more)
|
|
18"(46cm)
|
4-3/4"(12cm)(or more)
|
7-1/8"(18cm)(or more)
|
|
19"(48cm)
|
5" (13cm)(or more)
|
7-1/2"(19cm)(or more)
|
|
20"(51cm)
|
5-1/4"(13cm)(or more)
|
7-7/8"(20cm)(or more)
|
|
21"(53cm)
|
5-1/2"(14cm)(or more)
|
8-1/4"(21cm)(or more)
|
|
22"(56cm)
|
5-3/4"(15cm)(or more)
|
8-5/8"(22cm)(or more)
|
For power systems, if steering wheel movement exceeds 45
degrees before steering axle tires move, proceed as follows: rock steering
wheel left to right between points of power steering valve resistance. If that
motion exceeds 30 degrees (or the inch movement values shown for manual
steering) vehicle shall be placed out-of-service.
b. Steering Column
(1) Any absence or looseness of U-bolt(s) or
positioning part(s). (38-393.209(c))
(2) Worn, faulty, or obviously repair-welded
universal joint(s). (38-393.209(d))
(3) Steering wheel not properly secured.
(38-393.209(a))
c. Front
Axle Beam and All Steering Components other than Steering Column (Including
Hub)
(1) Any crack(s).
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Any obvious
welded repair(s). (38-396.3(a)(1))
d. Steering Gear Box
(1) Any mounting bolt(s) loose or missing.
(38-393.209(d))
(2) Any crack(s) in
gear box or mounting brackets. (38-393.209(d))
(3) Any obvious welded repair(s).
(38-393.209(d))
(4) Any looseness
of the pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft. (38-393.209(d))
e. Pitman Arm
(1) Any looseness of pitman arm on the
steering gear output shaft. (38-393.209(d))
(2) Any obvious welded repair(s).
(38-396.3(a)(1))
f.
Power Steering
Auxiliary power assist cylinder loose.
(38-393.209(e))
g. Ball and
Socket
(1) Any movement under steering load
of a stud nut. (38-396.3(a)(1)
(2)
Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member and its
attachment point of more than 1/8 inch (3mm) measured with hand pressure only.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Any obvious
welded repair(s). (38-396.3(a)(1))
h. Tie Rods and Drag
(1) Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie
rods or drag links. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2) Any looseness in any threaded joint.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
i. Nuts
Loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link,
steering arm, or tie rod arm. (38-396.3(a)(1))
j. Steering System
Any modification or other condition that interferes with
free movement of any steering component. (38-393.209(d))
k. C-Dolly
(1) Missing or inoperable steering locks.
(38-396.3(a))
(2) Steering not
centered in the "zero" locked position. (38-396.3(a))
9. Suspension
a. Axle Parts/Members
(1) Any U-bolt(s) or other spring to axle
clamp bolt(s) cracked, broken, loose, or missing. (38-393.207(a))
(2) Any spring hanger(s), or other axle
positioning part(s) cracked, broken, loose, or missing resulting in shifting of
an axle from its normal position. (38-393.207(a))
NOTE: After a turn, lateral axle displacement is normal
with some suspensions. Forward or rearward operation in a straight line will
cause the axle to return to alignment.
b. Spring Assembly
(1) One-fourth or more of the leaves in any
spring assembly broken. (38-393.207(c))
(2) Any leaf or portion of any leaf in any
spring assembly is missing or separated. (38-393.207(c))
(3) Any broken main leaf in a leaf spring.
(38-393.207(c))
NOTES:
1. Any leaf
of a leaf spring assembly is a main leaf if it extends, at both ends, to or
beyond:
a. The load bearing surface of a
spring hanger or equalizer.
b. The
spring end cap or insulator box mounted on the axle.
c. A spring eye, further: Any leaf of a
helper spring assembly is a helper main leaf if it extends, at both ends, to or
beyond the load bearing surface of its contact pad, hanger, or
equalizer.
2. The radius
rod leaf, in springs having such a leaf, has the same function as the torque or
radius components referenced in item 9.d "Torque, Radius, or Tracking
Components" and should be treated as such a component for purposes of
out-of-service. (38-393.207(c))
(4) Coil spring broken.
(38-393.207(d))
(5) Rubber spring
missing. (38-393.207(a))
(6) One or
more leaves displaced in a manner that could result in contact with a tire,
rim, brake drum, or frame. (38-393.207(c))
(7) Broken torsion bar spring in torsion bar
suspension. (38-393.207(e))
(8)
Deflated air suspension, (i.e., system failure, leak, etc),
(38-393.207(f))
c.
Composite Trailer
(1) If a crack extends
beyond 3/4 the length of the spring, or if cracks, regardless of length, are
visible on either side, and the top or bottom of the spring. (38-393.207(c))
NOTE: A crack is a separation in any axis which passes
completely through the spring.
d. Torque, Radius, or Tracking Components
Any part of a torque, radius, or tracking or Tracking
Components. component assembly or any part used for attaching same to the
vehicle frame or axle that is cracked, loose, broken, or missing (including
spring leaves used as a radius or torque rods, missing bushings but not loose
bushings in torque or track rods).(38-393.207(a))
10. Tires
a. Any Tire On Any Steering Axle of a Power
Unit
(1) With less than 2/32 inch tread when
measured in any two adjacent major tread grooves at any location on the tire.
(38-393.75(b))
(2) When any part of
the breaker strip or casing ply is showing in the tread.
(38-393.75(a))
(3) When sidewall is
cut, worn, or damaged to the extent the ply cord is exposed.
(38-393.75(a))
(4) Labeled "Not For
Highway Use" or carrying other markings which would exclude use on steering
axles. (38-396.3(a)(1))
NOTE: Tires on implements of husbandry and special off-road
equipment may be marked "Not For Highway Use" or "Farm Use Only".
Out-of-service is not applicable if used on highway for short distances at
restricted speeds.
(5)
Visually observable bump, bulge, or knot apparently related to tread or
sidewall separation. (38-393.3(a)(1))
EXCEPTION: A bulge due to a section repair is allowed not
to exceed 3/8"' (1cm) in height. This bulge may sometimes be identified by a
blue triangular label in the immediate vicinity.
(6) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can
be heard or felt) leak. (38-393.75(a)(3))
(7) So mounted or inflated that it comes in
contact with any part of the vehicle. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(8) Steering Axle: Weight carried exceeds
tire load limit. This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure.
(38-393.75(f))
b. All
tires other than those found on the steering axle of a powered vehicle
(1) Tire is flat or has noticeable (e.g., can
be heard or felt) leak. 38-393.75(a)(3))
(2) Bias Ply Tire: When more than one ply is
exposed in the tread area or sidewall or when the exposed area of the top ply
exceeds 2 square inches. NOTE: For single tire, one tire must meet this
condition. On dual wheels, both tires must meet this condition.
(38-393.75(a)(1))
(3) Radial Ply
Tire: When two or more plies are exposed in the tread area or damaged cords are
evident in the sidewall or when the exposed area exceeds 2 square inches (13
sq. cm) in the sidewall. NOTE: For single tire, one tire must meet this
condition. On dual wheels, each tire must meet this condition.
(38-393.75(a)(1))
(4) Any tire with
visually observable bump or than those found knot apparently related to tread
or sidewall on the steering separation. (38-396.3(a)(1))
EXCEPTION: A bulge due to a section repair vehicle. is
allowed not to exceed 3/8"' (1cm) in height. The bulge may sometimes be
identified by a blue triangular label in the immediate vicinity.
(5) So mounted or inflated that it
comes in contact with any part of the vehicle. (This includes any tire
contacting its mate in a dual set). (38-396.3(a)(1))
(6) Weight carried exceeds tire load limit.
This includes overloaded tire resulting from low air pressure. (38-393.75(f)(1)
and (2))
(7) So worn that less than
1/32 inch tread remains when measured in any two adjacent major tread grooves
at 3 separate locations on the tire. EXCEPTION: On dual tires, both tires must
have less than 1/32 inch tread. (38-393.75(c))
(8) 75 percent or more of the tread width
loose or missing in excess of 12 inches (30 cm) in circumference.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
11. Van and Open-Top Trailer Bodies
a. Upper Rail
(1) Broken with complete separation of the
flange. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2)
Buckled or cracked when accompanied by missing, working (movement under stress)
or loose fasteners at adjacent roof bows and/or side posts.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
(3) Buckled or
cracked when accompanied by broken, ineffective, or missing adjacent roof bows.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
b.
Lower Rail
(1) Broken with complete
separation in the bay area accompanied by sagging floor, rail, or crossmember;
or broken with loose, working (movement under stress) or missing fasteners at
side posts adjacent to the crack. (38-396.3(a)(1))
NOTE: The lower rail of a van or open-top trailer can
become gouged, chunked, or bent during operation. These are superficial damages
only and do little to degrade the rail's strength or integrity.
(2) Drop frame trailers showing
twists, bends, or fatigue cracking at the drop frame's elevation changes.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
c.
Floor Crossmembers
(1) Three or more adjacent
broken, and/or completely detached from and sagging below the lower rail in the
bay area. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(2)
Broken floor accompanied by protruding freight and sagging crossmembers.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
d. Side
panels on fiberglass reinforced plywood (FRP) trailers
Damage in the bay area that penetrates completely through
the fiberglass and plywood resulting in a sagging lower rail.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
GENERAL NOTES: These notes apply to every portion (a, b, c,
and d) of item 11.
(a) These
conditions are only considered out-of-service if the failure is in the bay area
(aft of kingpin coupler plate and forward of the axle sub frame
rails)
(b) Trailers 30 feet or less
in length have a short bay area and are not as susceptible to catastrophic
failures; therefore, only rail breaks accompanied by a sagging floor, rail, or
cross-member are out-of-service for them.
(c) Rail, post, bow, crossmember, and
side/front panel damage in areas outside the bay area are not imminently
hazardous and should not be considered out-of-service unless they lead to
conditions described in other sections of the out-of-service criteria, (i.e.,
"10.a(7) Tires.")
12. Wheels and Rims
a. Lock or Side Ring
Bent, broken, cracked, improperly seated, sprung, or
mismatched ring(s) (38-393.205(a))
b. Rim Cracks
Any circumferential crack except an intentional
manufactured crack at a valve stem hole. (38-393.205(a))
c. Disc Wheel Cracks
(1) Any single crack 3"' or more in
length.
(2) A crack extending
between any two holes including hand holes, stud holes, and center
hole.
(3) Two or more cracks any
place on the wheel. (38-393.205(a))
(4) Stud holes (disc wheels). 50 percent or
more longated stud holes (fasteners tight). (38-393.205(b))
d. Stud Holes (Disc Wheels)
Fifty percent or more elongated stud holes (fasteners
tight). (38-393.205(b))
e.
Spoke Wheel Cracks
(1) Two or more cracks
more than 1 inch long across a spoke or hub section. (38-393.205(a))
(2) Two or more web areas with cracks.
38-393.205(a))
f.
Tubeless Demountable Adapter Cracks
Cracks at three or more spokes. (38-393.205(a))
g. Fasteners
Loose, missing, broken, cracked, or stripped (both spoke
and disc wheels) ineffective as follows: for 10 fastener positions - 3
anywhere, 2 adjacent; for 8 fastener positions or less (including spoke wheels
and hub bolts) - 2 anywhere. (38-393.205(c))
h. Welds
(1) Any cracks in welds attaching disc heel
disc to rim. (38-393.205(a))
(2)
Any crack in welds attaching tubeless demountable rim to adapter.
(38-393.205(a))
(3) Any welded
repair on aluminum wheel(s) on a steering axle. (38-396.3(a)(1))
(4) Any welded repair other than disc to rim
attachment on steel disc wheel(s) mounted on the steering axle.
(38-396.3(a)(1))
13. Windshield Wipers
Any power unit that has an inoperative wiper or missing or
damaged parts that render it ineffective on the driver's side. (Applicable only
in inclement weather requiring use of windshield wipers.
(38-393.78)
